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id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1277</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1277 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1277 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B7%DB%B7_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۷۷ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۷۷ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AD" title="১২৭৭ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২৭৭" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_n%C3%AE" title="1277 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1277 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277." title="1277. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1277." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B7%DB%B7_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۷۷ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۷۷ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%E5%B9%B4" title="1277年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1277年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%EB%85%84" title="1277년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1277년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD" title="१२७७ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२७७" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277." title="1277. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1277." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AD" title="মারি ১২৭৭ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২৭৭" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1277-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1277-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1277 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1277 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1277 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1277 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_%D0%B8" title="1277 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1277 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277._gads" title="1277. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1277. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_m." title="1277 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1277 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD" title="इ.स. १२७७ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२७७" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B7%DB%B7" title="۱۲۷۷ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۷۷" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1277 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1277 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%87%E1%81%87" title="၁၂၇၇ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၇၇" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD" title="सन् १२७७ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२७७" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%E5%B9%B4" title="1277年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1277年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%AD%E0%AD%AD" title="୧୨୭୭ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୭୭" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD" title="१२७७ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२७७" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1277 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1277 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD" title="१२७७ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२७७" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%D8%B9" title="1277ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1277ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A7%D9%A7" title="١٢٧٧ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢٧٧" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277." title="1277. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1277." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1277 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1277 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1820" title="พ.ศ. 1820 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1820" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1277" title="Соли 1277 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1277" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%D8%A1" title="1277ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1277ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%E5%B9%B4" title="1277年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1277年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%E5%B9%B4" title="1277年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1277年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277%E5%B9%B4" title="1277年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1277年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1277" title="1277 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1277" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5531#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1250s" title="1250s">1250s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1260s" title="1260s">1260s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1270s" title="1270s">1270s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1280s" title="1280s">1280s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1290s" title="1290s">1290s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1274" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1274">1274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1275" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1275">1275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1276" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1276">1276</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1277" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1277">1277</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1278" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1278">1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1279" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1279">1279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1280" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1280">1280</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1277" title="Category:1277">1277 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1277&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1277 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1277" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1277">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_13th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 13th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1277_births" title="Category:1277 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1277_deaths" title="Category:1277 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1277_establishments" title="Category:1277 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1277_disestablishments" title="Category:1277 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1277_in_poetry" title="1277 in poetry">1277 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1277 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1277<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCLXXVII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2030</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>726<br />ԹՎ ՉԻԶ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6027</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1198–1199</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>683–684</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2227</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>5 <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edw. 1</a> – 6 <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edw. 1</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1821</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>639</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6785–6786</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丙子</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />3974 or 3767<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />丁丑年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />3975 or 3768</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>993–994</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2443</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1269–1270</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5037–5038</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1333–1334</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1198–1199</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4377–4378</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11277</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>277–278</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>655–656</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>675–676</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kenji_(era)" title="Kenji (era)">Kenji</a> 3<br />(建治３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1187–1188</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1277<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCLXXVII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3610</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>635 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前635年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−191</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1819–1820</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳火鼠年<br />(male Fire-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />1403 or 1022 or 250<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴火牛年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Ox_(zodiac)" title="Ox (zodiac)">Ox</a>)<br />1404 or 1023 or 251</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scuola_romana,_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum,_1280_ca.,_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Scuola_romana%2C_affreschi_del_sancta_sanctorum%2C_1280_ca.%2C_Niccol%C3%B2_III_dona_la_chiesa_ai_ss._pietro_e_paolo_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="1694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a> (middle) offering the church to Christ (fresco 13th century).</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1277</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCCLXXVII</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Friday" title="Common year starting on Friday">common year starting on Friday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Venetian_treaty_of_1277" title="Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277">Byzantine–Venetian Treaty</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> concludes an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Summer – <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Ivaylo" title="Uprising of Ivaylo">Uprising of Ivaylo</a>: An uprising under <a href="/wiki/Ivaylo_of_Bulgaria" title="Ivaylo of Bulgaria">Ivaylo</a> breaks out in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgaria</a> against the failure of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tih" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Tih">Konstantin Tih</a> to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which have devastated the country for years. Ivaylo confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Konstantin gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt but is himself killed in battle.</li> <li>Late – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus_(1277)" title="Battle of Pharsalus (1277)">Battle of Pharsalus</a>: Michael VIII sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under <a href="/wiki/John_Synadenos_(megas_stratopedarches)" title="John Synadenos (megas stratopedarches)">John Synadenos</a> to invade <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under <a href="/wiki/John_I_Doukas_of_Thessaly" title="John I Doukas of Thessaly">John I Doukas</a>, Latin ruler of Thessaly, near (Old) <a href="/wiki/Farsala" title="Farsala">Pharsalus</a>. During the battle, Synadenos is captured and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kaballarios" title="Michael Kaballarios">Michael Kaballarios</a>, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desio" title="Battle of Desio">Battle of Desio</a>: Lombard forces under Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Ottone_Visconti" title="Ottone Visconti">Ottone Visconti</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Della_Torre" title="Della Torre">Della Torre</a> family troops for the rule of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. Later, Ottone enters the city in triumph, and imprisons <a href="/wiki/Napoleone_della_Torre" title="Napoleone della Torre">Napoleone della Torre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Castello_Baradello" title="Castello Baradello">Castello Baradello</a> at <a href="/wiki/Como" title="Como">Como</a> (Northern <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>).</li> <li>February – The Duke of Wrocław <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_Probus" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV Probus">Henry IV Probus</a> is kidnapped from his estates in <a href="/wiki/Jelcz-Laskowice" title="Jelcz-Laskowice">Jelcz</a>, and moved to <a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Legnica</a> by <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_II_the_Bald" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław II the Bald">Bolesław II the Bald</a>.</li> <li>March – <a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a>, Dutch teacher and philosopher, is condemned by the French <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a> for his advocacy of the <a href="/wiki/Averroism" title="Averroism">Averroist</a> doctrine that reason is separate from Christian faith.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>, buys the title to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Antioch_(pretender)" title="Maria of Antioch (pretender)">Maria of Antioch</a>, for 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezants</a> and an annual payment of 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Livres_tournois" class="mw-redirect" title="Livres tournois">livres tournois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_I_of_Karaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet I of Karaman">Mehmet I of Karaman</a>, Seljuk vizier, issues a <a href="/wiki/Firman" title="Firman">firman</a> (decree) ordering the Turkish language to be used, instead of Arabic or Persian in government offices.</li> <li>August – Marinid forces led by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Yaqub_ibn_Abd_al-Haqq" title="Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq">Abu Yusuf</a> cross the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a> and marches north, ravaging the districts of <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_la_Frontera" title="Jerez de la Frontera">Jerez de la Frontera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Britain">Britain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Aberconwy" title="Treaty of Aberconwy">Treaty of Aberconwy</a>: Prince <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd" title="Llywelyn ap Gruffudd">Llywelyn ap Gruffudd</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> sign a peace treaty which leaves Llywelyn only with the western part of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>, Franciscan friar and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> lecturer, is arrested for spreading anti-Church views; specifically, the Church's stance on Greek philosopher <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Levant">Levant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elbistan" title="Battle of Elbistan">Battle of Elbistan</a>: A Mamluk army (some 14,000 men) under Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> marches from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> into the Mongol-dominated <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> and attacks the Mongol occupation force at <a href="/wiki/Elbistan" title="Elbistan">Elbistan</a>. Baibars, with at least 10,000 horsemen, defeats and overwhelms the Mongol forces. After the battle, he marches unopposed to <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a> in the heart of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> in triumph and enters the city on <a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ngasaunggyan" title="Battle of Ngasaunggyan">Battle of Ngasaunggyan</a>: A Burmese army (some 80,000 men) led by King <a href="/wiki/Narathihapate" title="Narathihapate">Narathihapate</a> (or Sithu IV) invades Mongol territory in <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. The invasion is repelled by the Mongol forces, who counterattack, reaching as far south as the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Yingjiang_County" title="Yingjiang County">Kaungsin</a> ("Gold Teeth"), which guards the <a href="/wiki/Bhamo" title="Bhamo">Bhamo Pass</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. Later, the Burmese <a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan Empire</a> begins to disintegrate after several <a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Burma#Border_war_(1277–1278)" title="First Mongol invasion of Burma">Mongol invasions</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Migration of the (Southern) <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song dynasty in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> become the first recorded inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>. They also stay for a short period in (New) <a href="/wiki/Kowloon" title="Kowloon">Kowloon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, a 20 kilometer stone wall defending the coast of <a href="/wiki/Hakata_Bay" title="Hakata Bay">Hakata Bay</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> is completed; it is built in response to the attempted <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Japan">Mongol invasion of Japan</a> in <a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_topic">By topic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion">Religion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Condemnations_of_1210%E2%80%931277#Condemnation_of_1277" title="Condemnations of 1210–1277">Condemnation of 1277</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXI" title="Pope John XXI">Pope John XXI</a> instructs <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Tempier" title="Étienne Tempier">Étienne Tempier</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Paris" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris">Paris</a>, to investigate the complaints of theologians in <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a>. By order 219 propositions of philosophical and theological doctrines such as Averroism are prohibited from discussion in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>, under a decree promulgated by Tempier.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>April – John XXI sends a papal embassy to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to force Michael VIII Palaiologos, his 18-year-old son and heir <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos</a> and Patriarch <a href="/wiki/John_XI_of_Constantinople" title="John XI of Constantinople">John XI Bekkos</a> to reaffirm their allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Union of Lyon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae" title="Palace of Blachernae">Palace of Blachernae</a>. Michael refuses to accept a religious union of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – John XXI dies after an 8-month <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">pontificate</a> at <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Nicholas III</a> as the 188th pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (until <a href="/wiki/1280" title="1280">1280</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kanzan_Egen" title="Kanzan Egen">Kanzan Egen</a>, Japanese monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1360" title="1360">1360</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_I_Visconti" title="Galeazzo I Visconti">Galeazzo I Visconti</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1328" title="1328">1328</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christina_Ebner" title="Christina Ebner">Christina Ebner</a>, German mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1356" title="1356">1356</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a>, Byzantine emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1320" title="1320">1320</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamatsu_Norimura" title="Akamatsu Norimura">Akamatsu Norimura</a>, Japanese governor (<i><a href="/wiki/Shugo" title="Shugo">shugo</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1350" title="1350">1350</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_V_of_Lippe" title="Bernard V of Lippe">Bernard V</a>, German bishop (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Lippe" title="House of Lippe">House of Lippe</a>) d. <a href="/wiki/1341" title="1341">1341</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_of_Bribir" title="George I Šubić of Bribir">George I Šubić of Bribir</a>, Croatian nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1302" title="1302">1302</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_IV,_Count_of_Holstein-Pl%C3%B6n" title="Gerhard IV, Count of Holstein-Plön">Gerhard IV</a>, German nobleman and knight (d. <a href="/wiki/1323" title="1323">1323</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Magnusdotter" title="Ingeborg Magnusdotter">Ingeborg Magnusdotter</a> Swedish princess, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1319" title="1319">1319</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Mar" title="Isabella of Mar">Isabella of Mar</a>, Scottish noblewoman, wife of <a href="/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce" title="Robert the Bruce">Robert the Bruce</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Denmark" title="Martha of Denmark">Martha of Denmark</a>, queen consort of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(800%E2%80%931521)#Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Sweden (800–1521)">Sweden</a> (d. 1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meih%C5%8D_Sotetsu" title="Meihō Sotetsu">Meihō Sotetsu</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhist</a> monk (d. 1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smbat_I_Hetumian" title="Smbat I Hetumian">Smbat I Hetumian</a> (or Sempad), king of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilician Armenia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1310" title="1310">1310</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Yilin" title="Wei Yilin">Wei Yilin</a>, Chinese physician and surgeon (d. <a href="/wiki/1347" title="1347">1347</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January/March – <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Sicily" title="Philip of Sicily">Philip of Sicily</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Sardinia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">House of Anjou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Toucy" title="Philippe de Toucy">Philippe de Toucy</a>, French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chen_Wenlong" title="Chen Wenlong">Chen Wenlong</a>, Chinese general (b. <a href="/wiki/1232" title="1232">1232</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_G%C3%BCttingen" title="Ulrich von Güttingen">Ulrich von Güttingen</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/Simone_Paltanieri" title="Simone Paltanieri">Simone Paltanieri</a>, Italian archpriest and cardinal</li> <li>April – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gutkeled" title="Joachim Gutkeled">Joachim Gutkeled</a>, Hungarian nobleman and knight<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Uro%C5%A1_I" title="Stefan Uroš I">Stefan Uroš I</a> ("the Great"'), king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Werle" title="Nicholas I of Werle">Nicholas I of Werle</a>, German nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXI" title="Pope John XXI">John XXI</a>, pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> (or May 1279) – <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Mehmed" title="Shams al-Din Mehmed">Shams al-Din Mehmed</a> of Karaman, Seljuk nobleman and vizier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> (or Abu al-Futuh), Mamluk sultan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humbert_of_Romans" title="Humbert of Romans">Humbert of Romans</a>, French friar and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Parwana" title="Mu'in al-Din Parwana">Mu'in al-Din Parwana</a>, Seljuk statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balian_of_Arsuf" title="Balian of Arsuf">Balian of Arsuf</a>, Cypriot nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Falkenburg" title="Beatrice of Falkenburg">Beatrice of Falkenburg</a>, German queen consort</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mastino_I_della_Scala" title="Mastino I della Scala">Mastino I della Scala</a>, Italian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Merton" title="Walter de Merton">Walter de Merton</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rochester" title="Diocese of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a>, Seljuk scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1233" title="1233">1233</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" title="John, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg">John I</a>, German nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1242" title="1242">1242</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tih" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Tih">Konstantin Tih</a>, Bulgarian nobleman and ruler, killed in revolt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folke_Johansson_%C3%84ngel" title="Folke Johansson Ängel">Folke Johansson Ängel</a> ("Angelus"'), Swedish archbishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Isenburg-Covern" title="Frederick II of Isenburg-Covern">Frederick II</a>, German nobleman (<a href="/wiki/County_of_Isenburg" title="County of Isenburg">House of Isenburg</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_of_Castile" title="Frederick of Castile">Frederick of Castile</a>, Spanish prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">infante</a></i>), executed (b. <a href="/wiki/1223" title="1223">1223</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Kan" title="Guo Kan">Guo Kan</a>, Chinese general and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1217" title="1217">1217</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Leona" title="Jacopo da Leona">Jacopo da Leona</a>, Italian secretary, jurist and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licoricia_of_Winchester" title="Licoricia of Winchester">Licoricia of Winchester</a>, English Jewish businesswoman, murdered</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madog_II_ap_Gruffydd,_Lord_of_Dinas_Bran" title="Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran">Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran</a>, Welsh prince and nobleman, killed in battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_al-Mustansir" title="Muhammad I al-Mustansir">Muhammad I al-Mustansir</a>, Hafsid sultan and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaqqiq_al-Hilli" title="Muhaqqiq al-Hilli">Muhaqqiq al-Hilli</a>, Persian scholar, poet and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Navigajoso" title="Paolo Navigajoso">Paolo Navigajoso</a>, Venetian nobleman (<a href="/wiki/Megas_doux" title="Megas doux"><i>megadux</i></a>), ruler of Lemnos, killed in battle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savakanmaindan" title="Savakanmaindan">Savakanmaindan</a>, Malayan ruler of <a href="/wiki/Tambralinga" title="Tambralinga">Tambralinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squarcino_Borri" title="Squarcino Borri">Squarcino Borri</a> (or Scarsini), Italian <a href="/wiki/Condottiero" title="Condottiero">condottiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_of_Strasburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich of Strasburg">Ulrich of Strasburg</a>, German monk and theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Saliceto" title="William of Saliceto">William of Saliceto</a>, Italian scholar and surgeon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNicol1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Nicol" title="Donald Nicol">Nicol, Donald M.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rymIUITIYdwC"><i>Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">197–</span>201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34157-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34157-4"><bdi>0-521-34157-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Venice%3A+A+Study+in+Diplomatic+and+Cultural+Relations&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E201&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-521-34157-4&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrymIUITIYdwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1277" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). <i>Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations</i>, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/101176343">101176343</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hywel Williams (2005). <i>Cassell's Chronology of World History</i>, p. 148. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8">0-304-35730-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, Steven (1958). <i>The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century</i>, p. 173. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60474-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-60474-2">978-1-107-60474-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLock2013" class="citation book cs1">Lock, Peter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AkCKZ9Hs4-QC"><i>The Routledge Companion to the Crusaders</i></a>. Routledge. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135131371" title="Special:BookSources/9781135131371"><bdi>9781135131371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+the+Crusaders&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781135131371&rft.aulast=Lock&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAkCKZ9Hs4-QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1277" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). <i>The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait</i>, p. 73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-2302-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-2302-6">978-0-8122-2302-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Alf (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Product?Product=9781471864216"><i>Health and the People</i></a>. Hodder Education. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781471864216" title="Special:BookSources/9781471864216"><bdi>9781471864216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+and+the+People&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Hodder+Education&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781471864216&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Alf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoddereducation.co.uk%2FProduct%3FProduct%3D9781471864216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1277" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995). <i>Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Illkhanid War, 1260–1281</i>, p. 174. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46226-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46226-6">978-0-521-46226-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Than_Tun" title="Than Tun">Than Tun</a> (1964). <i>Studies in Burmese History</i> (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minahan, James B. (2014). <i>Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia</i>, p. 169. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-017-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-017-1">978-1-61069-017-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). <i>Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations</i>, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/101176343">101176343</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkó2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Markó, László (2006). <i>A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon</i> [<i>Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia</i>] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-547-085-1" title="Special:BookSources/963-547-085-1"><bdi>963-547-085-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+magyar+%C3%A1llam+f%C5%91m%C3%A9lt%C3%B3s%C3%A1gai+Szent+Istv%C3%A1nt%C3%B3l+napjainkig%3A+%C3%89letrajzi+Lexikon&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Helikon+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=963-547-085-1&rft.aulast=Mark%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1277" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1277&oldid=1267066666">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1277&oldid=1267066666</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1277" title="Category:1277">1277</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hungarian-language_sources_(hu)" title="Category:CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)">CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 January 2025, at 12:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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