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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Research and protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size_and_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size_and_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Size and age</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Size_and_age-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Size and age subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Size_and_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Range_of_age_estimates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Range_of_age_estimates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Range of age estimates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Range_of_age_estimates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Additional_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Additional references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pando (tree)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_(%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="باندو (شجرة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باندو (شجرة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando" title="Pando – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pando" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(Baum)" title="Pando (Baum) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pando (Baum)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(%C3%A1rbol)" title="Pando (árbol) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pando (árbol)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(arbre)" title="Pando (arbre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pando (arbre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8_(%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%BC)" title="Պանդո (ծառ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանդո (ծառ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(pohon)" title="Pando (pohon) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pando (pohon)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(albero)" title="Pando (albero) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pando (albero)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando" title="Pando – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pando" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando" title="Pando – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pando" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(%C3%A1rvore)" title="Pando (árvore) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pando (árvore)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(copac)" title="Pando (copac) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pando (copac)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Пандо (дерево) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пандо (дерево)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(tree)" title="Pando (tree) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pando (tree)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando" title="Pando – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pando" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(tr%C3%A4d)" title="Pando (träd) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pando (träd)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Пандо (дерево) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пандо (дерево)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pando_(c%C3%A2y)" title="Pando (cây) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pando (cây)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q921090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pando_(tree)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pando_(tree)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language 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href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pando_(tree)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pando_(tree)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pando_(tree)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&oldid=1274784668" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pando_%28tree%29&id=1274784668&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPando_%28tree%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPando_%28tree%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pando_%28tree%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pando_(tree)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q921090" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pando_(tree)&params=38_31_30_N_111_45_00_W_type:forest"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°31′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">111°45′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.52500°N 111.75000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.52500; -111.75000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest known organism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pando_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pando (disambiguation)">Pando</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_too_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> may be too long</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">length guidelines</a> and help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit">move details into the article's body</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:296px; line-height:1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background:#d0f0c0">Pando</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg/260px-Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg/390px-Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg/520px-Pando_Land_Mass_Outline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Image of the approximate land mass of Pando shaded green</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#d0f0c0;text-align:center;">Map</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Pando"><img alt="Map showing the location of Pando" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg/260px-USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg/390px-USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg/520px-USA_Utah_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1031" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.81%;left:46.721%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pando"><img alt="Map showing the location of Pando" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Utah</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Pando"><img alt="Map showing the location of Pando" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/260px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/390px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/520px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.364%;left:23.54%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pando"><img alt="Map showing the location of Pando" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#d0f0c0;text-align:center;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Utah" title="Sevier County, Utah">Sevier County, Utah</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pando_(tree)&params=38_31_30_N_111_45_00_W_type:forest"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°31′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">111°45′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.52500°N 111.75000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.52500; -111.75000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2,700 m (8,900 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">43.6 ha (108 acres)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#d0f0c0;text-align:center;">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">+14000<span class="noprint">; 11975 years' time</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">14000</span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#d0f0c0;text-align:center;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dominant tree species</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FallPando02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FallPando02.jpg/220px-FallPando02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FallPando02.jpg/330px-FallPando02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FallPando02.jpg/440px-FallPando02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Pando aspen grove at <a href="/wiki/Fishlake_National_Forest" title="Fishlake National Forest">Fishlake National Forest</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pando</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> pando</i> 'I spread')<sup id="cite_ref-discovery_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the world's largest tree, a <a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">quaking aspen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Populus_tremuloides" title="Populus tremuloides">Populus tremuloides</a></i>) located in <a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Utah" title="Sevier County, Utah">Sevier County, Utah</a>, United States, in the <a href="/wiki/Fishlake_National_Forest" title="Fishlake National Forest">Fishlake National Forest</a>. A male <a href="/wiki/Clonal_colony" title="Clonal colony">clonal organism</a>, Pando has an estimated 47,000 stems (ramets) that appear to be individual trees but are not, because those stems are connected by a root system that spans 42.8 ha (106 acres). Pando is the largest tree by weight and landmass and the largest known aspen clone. Pando was identified as a single living organism because each of its stems possesses identical <a href="/wiki/Genetic_marker" title="Genetic marker">genetic markers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pando_Lives_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pando_Lives-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The massive interconnected <a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">root system</a> coordinates energy production, defense and regeneration across the tree's landmass.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pando spans 1.08 km × 0.72 km (0.67 mi × 0.45 mi) at its widest expanse along of the southwestern edge of the Fishlake Basin and lies 0.69 km (0.43 mi) to the west of Fish Lake, the largest natural mountain freshwater lake in Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-Pando_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pando-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pando's landmass spreads from 2,700 m (8,900 ft) above sea level to approximately 2,773 m (9,098 ft) above sea level along the western side of a steep basin wall.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pando is estimated to weigh collectively 6,000 tonnes (6,000,000 kg),<sup id="cite_ref-oecd_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oecd-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 13.2 million pounds, making it the <a href="/wiki/Largest_organisms" title="Largest organisms">heaviest known organism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MittonGrant1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pando Tree's 43-hectare (106-acre) expanse also makes Pando the largest tree of any kind, by way of landmass. </p><p>Systems of classification used to define large trees vary considerably, leading to some confusion about Pando's status. Within the United States, the Official Register of Champion Trees defines the largest trees in a <i>species-specific way; in</i> this case, Pando is the largest aspen tree (<i>Populus</i> <i>tremuloides)</i>. In forestry, the largest trees are measured by the greatest volume of a single stem, regardless of species. In that case, the <a href="/wiki/General_Sherman_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="General Sherman Tree">General Sherman Tree</a> is the largest unitary (single-stem) tree. While many emphasize that Pando is the largest <i>clonal organism,</i> other large trees, including Redwoods can also reproduce via cloning. Pando being the heaviest tree and the largest tree by landmass, while also being the largest aspen clone leaves the Pando Tree in a class of its own. </p><p>Since the early 2000s, little information has been adequately corroborated about Pando's origins and how its genetic integrity has been sustained over a long period of time, conservatively between 9,000 and 16,000 years old-by the latest (2024) estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers have argued that Pando's future is uncertain due to a combination of factors including <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>, cattle <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">fire suppression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Deer_Impede_Recovery_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deer_Impede_Recovery-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of drought, Pando's long lived nature suggests it has survived droughts that have driven out human societies for centuries at a time. In terms of grazing, a majority of Pando's land mass is fenced for permanent protection and management as a unique tree. In terms of cattle grazing, it is only permitted on a volume basis for 10 days a year in October, weather permitting in a small edge of Pando's expanse. Additionally, in 2023, local grazers group 7-Mile Grazers signed off on a plan<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that would bring remaining portions of Pando into protective care under the "Pando Protection Plan", which would bring nearly 34 hectares (84 acres) of the tree into protective care. In terms of fire suppression, research indicates<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pando has survived fires that would have likely leveled the tree many times, after which Pando regenerated itself from the root system. The same research also indicates large-scale fire events are infrequent, which may be owed to the fact that aspen are water-heavy trees and thus, naturally fire resistant, earning them the name "asbestos forest" by Canadian Forest Ecologist Lori Daniels.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is broad consensus that wildlife controls and protection from deer and elk who feed on the new growth faster than it can reach maturity are critical to Pando's future and care. Protection systems coupled with ongoing monitoring and restoration efforts have been shown to be the most effective, dating back to the first projects to protect and care for the tree in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with new projects under way.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Friends of Pando<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fishlake_National_Forest" title="Fishlake National Forest">Fishlake National Forest</a> partners to study and protect the Pando Tree working alongside <a href="/wiki/Utah_Division_of_Wildlife_Resources" title="Utah Division of Wildlife Resources">Utah Division of Wildlife Resources</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable organizations that also study and advocate to protect Pando's care include Western Aspen Alliance<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Grand Canyon Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery,_naming_and_verification"><span id="Discovery.2C_naming_and_verification"></span>Discovery, naming and verification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Discovery, naming and verification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pando tree was identified in 1976 by Jerry Kemperman and <a href="/wiki/Burton_V._Barnes" title="Burton V. Barnes">Burton V. Barnes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NALDC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NALDC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A posthumous biography by Barnes' colleague, Daniel Kashian,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> details Pando's discovery: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As a part of his aspen work in the West, Burt began to examine an extremely large trembling aspen clone southwest of Fish Lake, Utah, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Using aerial photography and the same morphological differentiation techniques he developed for aspen at UMBS for his dissertation, Burt concluded that the aspen forest that covered about 106 acres was a single aspen clone, quite possibly the “world’s largest organism.” Other than a single publication about aspen clone size and another great story to tell his students, Burt’s studies on the Fish Lake clone were relatively obscure.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Daniel M. Kashian, Burton V. Barnes (1930–2014)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Work by Fishlake National Forest to understand and protect the tree began in 1987, according to interviews and articles written by Fishlake Forest as well as accounts gathered by Friends of Pando.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on Barnes and Kempermans's 1976 paper noting Pando's discovery, Michael Grant, Jeffrey Mitton, and Yan Linhart of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">University of Colorado at Boulder</a> re-examined the clone in 1992 and described Pando as a single <i>male</i> aspen clone based on its morphological characteristics such as pollen production, leaves, and root structure. Michael Grant named the tree "Pando" which is Latin for "I spread" in an editorial which was later published in Discover Magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large scale genetic sampling and analysis was published in 2008 by Jennifer DeWoody, Karen Mock, Valerie Hipkins and Carol Rowe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The research team's genetic study confirmed morphological analysis by Barnes and Kemperman as well as Mitton, Grant and Linhart thus, verifying Pando's size and scale of operation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="detailed image of the Pando Tree shows the characteristic eyes and shades of autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg/220px-Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg/330px-Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg/440px-Pando_2021_Official_Picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Closeup of a trunk and leaves</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_protection">Research and protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research and protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1987, Fishlake National Forest began work to remove diseased trees and promote new growth using <a href="/wiki/Coppicing" title="Coppicing">coppicing</a> (a form of mechanical stimulation),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which works by simultaneously removing diseased stems, while also stimulating the hormone response that spurs new growth.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, Fishlake National Forest began work on the "Aspen Regeneration Project",<sup id="cite_ref-auto_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> installing fences to help control deer and elk who threatened to destroy the productive results of work to spur and protect new growth. Today, 53 acres of Pando is protected by 8-foot fences to control populations of <a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">mule deer</a> (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a> (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>), and to control human uses, such as permitted grazing by <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">domestic cattle</a> (<i>Bos taurus</i>). Additional fencing protections are to be added in 2025 bringing approximately 84 acres of Pando's landmass into protective care or around 80% of the tree's landmass.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regeneration rates in portions of the "Aspen Regeneration Project" which started in the 1990s, showed promise based on photographic evidence and repeated survey plots by land managers, scientists and conservation groups between 1993 and today.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, many have argued more work needs to be done to control wildlife, as the Pando Tree is surrounded by 700 square miles of de facto wildlife preserve managed by people, groups and agencies who do not have Pando's sustainability as a central concern in their land management policies. Paul Rogers and Darren McAvoy of Utah State University completed an assessment of Pando's status in 2018 and stressed the importance of reducing herbivory by mule deer and elk as critical to conserving Pando.<sup id="cite_ref-Deer_Impede_Recovery_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deer_Impede_Recovery-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Rogers and Jan Šebesta surveyed other vegetation within Pando besides aspen, finding additional support for their 2018 conclusions and found that interactions between browsing and management strategy may have had adverse effects on Pando's long-term resilience to change.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, a team of researchers, land managers, wildlife biologists and citizen scientists groups began long-term programs to monitor deer and elk using GPS collars and wildlife cameras to better understand wildlife, as well as deer and elk browsing on the tree.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Executive Order 14702 directed the US Forest Service to inventory old growth and mature forest as part of a plan to protect mature and old growth forest. Data submitted by Fishlake National Forest defined Pando's landmass as mature meaning it could be eligible for special care and protections.<sup id="cite_ref-ArcGIS_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArcGIS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Size_and_age">Size and age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Size and age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pando_map_with_fences.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pando_map_with_fences.jpg/220px-Pando_map_with_fences.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pando_map_with_fences.jpg/330px-Pando_map_with_fences.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pando_map_with_fences.jpg/440px-Pando_map_with_fences.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2835" /></a><figcaption>Satellite map of Pando with fence boundaries</figcaption></figure> <p>Most agree, based on Barnes' work and later work, that Pando encompasses 42.89 hectares (106 acres), weighs an estimated 6,000 metric tons (6,600 short tons) or 13.2 million pounds, and features an estimated 47,000 stems, which die individually and are replaced by genetically identical stems that are sent up from the tree's vast root system, a process known as "suckering".<sup id="cite_ref-Pando_Lives_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pando_Lives-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pando_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pando-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The root system is estimated to be several thousand years old, with habitat modeling suggesting a maximum age of 14,000 years<sup id="cite_ref-Clonal_Dynamics_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clonal_Dynamics-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 16,000 years by the latest (2024) estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual stems do not typically live more than 100–130 years. </p><p>Mitton and Grant summarize the development of stems in aspen clones:<sup id="cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MittonGrant1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... quaking aspen regularly reproduces via a process called suckering. An individual stem can send out lateral roots that, under the right conditions, send up other erect stems; from all above-ground appearances the new stems look just like individual trees. The process is repeated until a whole stand, of what appear to be individual trees, forms. This collection of multiple stems, called ramets, all form one, single, genetic individual, usually termed a clone.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Range_of_age_estimates">Range of age estimates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Range of age estimates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the progressive replacement of stems and roots, the overall age of an aspen clone cannot be determined from <a href="/wiki/Tree_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree ring">tree rings</a>. Speculations on Pando's age have ranged between 80,000 years to 1 million years old.<sup id="cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MittonGrant1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many news sources list Pando's age as 80,000 years old, but this claim derives from a now-removed <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> web page, which redacted that claim in 2023 and, was inconsistent with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">Forest Service</a>'s post ice-age estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-Fishlake_NF_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fishlake_NF-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glaciers repeatedly formed on the Fish Lake Plateau<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over the past several hundred thousand years and the mountains above Pando's landmass were crowned by glaciers as recently as the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">last glacial maximum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ages greater than approximately 16,000 years therefore require Pando to have survived climate conditions during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">Pinedale glaciation</a>, something that appears unlikely under current estimates of Pando's age and modeling of variations in local climate.<sup id="cite_ref-Clonal_Dynamics_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clonal_Dynamics-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2017 paper by Chen Ding et al. seems to support US Forest Service claims that Pando could not be older than the last Glacial Maximum in the area based on paleo-climate models and genetic traits of aspen sites throughout North America.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2024 paper indicates the age could be between 16,000 and 80,000 years old again based on the first somatic mutation model of the tree, but, that research has not finished peer review and also relies on older material and testing methods. Thus, charcoal studies published in 2022 provide the lower-end range of the Pando's potential age---around 9,000 years old, while the somatic mutation models' most conservative estimate of 16,000 years old awaits replication using new material and methods, and will also require climate models to prove conditions were favorable to the Pando seed being able to germinate and establish itself during this period. </p><p>Estimates of Pando's age have also been influenced by changes in the understanding of establishment of aspen clones in western North America. Earlier sources argued germination and successful establishment of aspen on new sites was rare in the last 10,000 years and therefore, Pando's root system was likely over 10,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-MittonGrant1996_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MittonGrant1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent observations, however, have shown seedling establishment of new aspen clones is a regular occurrence and can be abundant on sites exposed by <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These findings are summarized in the U.S. Forest Service's <i>Fire Effects Information System</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-feis_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feis-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Kay documented post-fire quaking aspen seedling establishment following 1986 and 1988 fires in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park" title="Grand Teton National Park">Grand Teton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone</a> National Parks, respectively. He found seedlings were concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Kettle_(landform)" title="Kettle (landform)">kettles</a> and other topographic depressions, seeps, springs, lake margins, and burnt-out riparian zones. A few seedlings were widely scattered throughout the burns. In Grand Teton National Park, establishment was greatest (950–2,700 seedlings/<a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>) in 1989, a wet year, but hundreds to thousands of seedlings established each year despite <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> conditions in 1986–1988 and 1990–1991. Seedlings surviving past one season occurred almost exclusively on severely burned surfaces.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> published a stamp in commemorating Pando which was designed by artist Lonnie Busch, calling it one of the forty "Wonders of America".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, Pando featured as the backdrop and the subject of a music video for a successful campaign led by 4th graders of nearby Monroe, Utah, United States, to have the State of Utah's Tree be changed from Colorado Spruce to the Quaking Aspen.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song the children sang was written by Utah folk artist and songwriter, Clive Romney.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2018, the Pando Aspen Clone figures as a central figure in the life of the character Patricia Westerford in Richard Powers' novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Overstory" title="The Overstory">The Overstory</a></i>.</li> <li>In 2021, children's book author Kate Allen Fox published "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kateallenfox.com/books">Pando: A Living Wonder of Trees"</a> earning her a School Library Journal Award<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the work.</li> <li>In 2022, an episode of NBC TV Show "The Blacklist" entitled "The Trembling Giant"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a nickname for Pando) features a scene where central character Raymond 'Red' Reddington details the tree's operation.</li> <li>In 2022, Friends of Pando published audio works by sound conservationist and artist Jeff Rice documenting the tree's subterranean workings for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2022, Pando was the subject of an issue of the webcomic <i><a href="/wiki/Xkcd" title="Xkcd">xkcd</a></i> published on December 23, which facetiously suggests adding to Pando's many world records that of world's largest <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a> by running a 9,300-foot-long string of <a href="/wiki/Christmas_lights" title="Christmas lights">Christmas lights</a> through the branches along its perimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2024, the Hallmark Channel had a movie titled <i>Branching Out</i>, set in Utah, in which a young girl searches for the paternal side of her family, as her mom had used a donor for an IVF conception. The girl's mom and the donor fall in love. At the film's conclusion, as the girl presents her "family tree" project to her class, she explains her family tree is a Pando, as the newfound family and her are all interconnected, like the Pando tree.</li> <li>In 2024, Intel Computer Chip Corporation named a novel quantum computing control chip "Pando Tree"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://community.intel.com/t5/Blogs/Tech-Innovation/Data-Center/Intel-s-Millikelvin-Quantum-Research-Control-Chip-Provides/post/1608558">[1]</a>. While many technology organizations have utilized "Pando" in terms of its Latin meaning for "spread", the naming is the first to explicitly honor the <i>Pando Tree</i> itself.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basal_shoot" title="Basal shoot">Basal shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_trees" title="List of oldest trees">List of oldest trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_trees" title="List of individual trees">List of individual trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetative_reproduction" title="Vegetative reproduction">Vegetative reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Largest_organisms" title="Largest organisms">Largest organisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxin" title="Auxin">Auxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytokinin" title="Cytokinin">Cytokinins</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Posidonia_australis" title="Posidonia australis">Posidonia australis</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-discovery-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrant1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Grant, Michael C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mormonwiki.com&rft.atitle=Clive+Romney%3A+Mormon+Musician+-+Mormonism%2C+The+Mormon+Church%2C+Beliefs%2C+%26+Religion+-+MormonWiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mormonwiki.com%2FClive_Romney%3A_Mormon_Musician&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Fox, Kate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slj.com/review/pando-a-living-wonder-of-trees">"Pando: A Living Wonder of Trees"</a>. <i>School Library Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=School+Library+Journal&rft.atitle=Pando%3A+A+Living+Wonder+of+Trees&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Fox%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slj.com%2Freview%2Fpando-a-living-wonder-of-trees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbc.com/the-blacklist/video/the-trembling-giant-nbcs-the-blacklist/NBCE743749995"><i>Watch The Blacklist Clip: The Trembling Giant | NBC's The Blacklist - NBC.com</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watch+The+Blacklist+Clip%3A+The+Trembling+Giant+%7C+NBC%27s+The+Blacklist+-+NBC.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbc.com%2Fthe-blacklist%2Fvideo%2Fthe-trembling-giant-nbcs-the-blacklist%2FNBCE743749995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stgeorgeutah.com/news/archive/2023/08/30/agl-pandos-voice-unveiling-the-acoustic-wonders-of-southern-utahs-most-famous-tree/">"Pando's voice: Unveiling the acoustic wonders of Southern Utah's most famous tree"</a>. August 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pando%27s+voice%3A+Unveiling+the+acoustic+wonders+of+Southern+Utah%27s+most+famous+tree&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgeorgeutah.com%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2023%2F08%2F30%2Fagl-pandos-voice-unveiling-the-acoustic-wonders-of-southern-utahs-most-famous-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/listen-to-the-pando-largest-tree/">"The Sweet Song Of The Largest Tree On Earth"</a>. <i>Science Friday</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Friday&rft.atitle=The+Sweet+Song+Of+The+Largest+Tree+On+Earth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencefriday.com%2Fsegments%2Flisten-to-the-pando-largest-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDGMD_y22-4"><i>Listening to the Largest Tree on Earth</i></a>, May 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Listening+to+the+Largest+Tree+on+Earth&rft.date=2023-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DiDGMD_y22-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xkcd.com/2715/">"xkcd: Pando"</a>. <i>xkcd</i>. December 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xkcd&rft.atitle=xkcd%3A+Pando&rft.date=2021-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxkcd.com%2F2715%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_references">Additional references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1966" class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Burton V. (1966). "The Clonal Growth Habit of American Aspens". <i>Ecology</i>. <b>47</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">439–</span>447. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966Ecol...47..439B">1966Ecol...47..439B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1932983">10.2307/1932983</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1932983">1932983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Clonal+Growth+Habit+of+American+Aspens&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E439-%3C%2Fspan%3E447&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1932983%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1932983&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1966Ecol...47..439B&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Burton+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes1975" class="citation journal cs1">Barnes, Burton V. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib/5155">"Phenotypic variation of trembling aspen in western North America"</a>. <i>Forest Science</i>. <b>21</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">319–</span>328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fforestscience%2F21.3.319">10.1093/forestscience/21.3.319</a> (inactive November 1, 2024).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Science&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+variation+of+trembling+aspen+in+western+North+America&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E319-%3C%2Fspan%3E328&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fforestscience%2F21.3.319&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Burton+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usu.edu%2Faspen_bib%2F5155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinspahrWinton1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Einspahr, Dean W.; Winton, Lawson L. (1977) [1976]. <i>Genetics of quaking aspen</i>. Research Paper. Vol. WO-25. USDA Forest Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genetics+of+quaking+aspen&rft.series=Research+Paper&rft.pub=USDA+Forest+Service&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Einspahr&rft.aufirst=Dean+W.&rft.au=Winton%2C+Lawson+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempermanBarnes1976" class="citation journal cs1">Kemperman, Jerry A.; Barnes, Burton V. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fb76-280">"Clone size in American aspens"</a>. <i>Canadian Journal of Botany</i>. <b>54</b> (22): <span class="nowrap">2603–</span>2607. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1976CaJB...54.2603K">1976CaJB...54.2603K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fb76-280">10.1139/b76-280</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Clone+size+in+American+aspens&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2603-%3C%2Fspan%3E2607&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fb76-280&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1976CaJB...54.2603K&rft.aulast=Kemperman&rft.aufirst=Jerry+A.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Burton+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1139%252Fb76-280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">McDonough, W.T. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/27775">"Sexual reproduction, seeds and seedlings"</a>. In DeByle, N.V.; Winokur., R.P. (eds.). <i>Aspen: ecology and management in the western United States</i>. Gen. Tech. Rep. Vol. RM-119. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sexual+reproduction%2C+seeds+and+seedlings&rft.btitle=Aspen%3A+ecology+and+management+in+the+western+United+States&rft.place=Fort+Collins%2C+CO&rft.series=Gen.+Tech.+Rep.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.pub=USDA+Forest+Service&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=W.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.usda.gov%2Ftreesearch%2Fpubs%2F27775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APando+%28tree%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pando_(tree)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pando_(tree)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pando (tree)">Pando (tree)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li>Friends of Pando "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.friendsofpando.org/the-pando-tree-2/">A Guide to All Things Pando</a>"</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/21px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/32px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/42px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Utah" title="Portal:Utah">Utah</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Utah448" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utah" title="Template:Utah"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utah" title="Template talk:Utah"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utah" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utah"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Utah448" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Utah-related_articles" title="Index of Utah-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Utah" title="Outline of Utah">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Utah" title="Climate change in Utah">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts#Utah" title="List of United States congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Utah" title="List of earthquakes in Utah">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Utah" title="Flag of Utah">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah#Geography" title="Utah">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Utah" title="Government of Utah">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Utah" title="List of governors of Utah">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Utah" title="Healthcare in Utah">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Utah" title="List of people from Utah">People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Utah" title="Abortion in Utah">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Utah">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Utah" title="Crime in Utah">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Utah" title="Demographics of Utah">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Utah" title="Economy of Utah">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Utah" title="Education in Utah">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Utah" title="Gun laws in Utah">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Utah">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Utah">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah#Politics" title="Utah">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache_Valley" title="Cache Valley">Cache Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah%27s_Dixie" title="Utah's Dixie">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake_Desert" title="Great Salt Lake Desert">Great Salt Lake Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Valley" title="Monument Valley">Monument Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Rafael_Swell" title="San Rafael Swell">San Rafael Swell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uinta_Basin" title="Uinta Basin">Uinta Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uinta_Mountains" title="Uinta Mountains">Uinta Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Back" title="Wasatch Back">Wasatch Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Front" title="Wasatch Front">Wasatch Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_Range" title="Wasatch Range">Wasatch Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Utah" title="List of municipalities in Utah">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fork,_Utah" title="American Fork, Utah">American Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bountiful,_Utah" title="Bountiful, Utah">Bountiful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_City,_Utah" title="Cedar City, Utah">Cedar City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearfield,_Utah" title="Clearfield, Utah">Clearfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonwood_Heights,_Utah" title="Cottonwood Heights, Utah">Cottonwood Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper,_Utah" title="Draper, Utah">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holladay,_Utah" title="Holladay, Utah">Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysville,_Utah" title="Kaysville, Utah">Kaysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layton,_Utah" title="Layton, Utah">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi,_Utah" title="Lehi, Utah">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Utah" title="Logan, Utah">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midvale,_Utah" title="Midvale, Utah">Midvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millcreek,_Utah" title="Millcreek, Utah">Millcreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray,_Utah" title="Murray, Utah">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Utah" title="Ogden, Utah">Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orem,_Utah" title="Orem, Utah">Orem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Utah" title="Pleasant Grove, Utah">Pleasant Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo,_Utah" title="Provo, Utah">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverton,_Utah" title="Riverton, Utah">Riverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy,_Utah" title="Roy, Utah">Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George,_Utah" title="St. George, Utah">St. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy,_Utah" title="Sandy, Utah">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Jordan,_Utah" title="South Jordan, Utah">South Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Salt_Lake,_Utah" title="South Salt Lake, Utah">South Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Fork,_Utah" title="Spanish Fork, Utah">Spanish Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springville,_Utah" title="Springville, Utah">Springville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorsville,_Utah" title="Taylorsville, Utah">Taylorsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooele,_Utah" title="Tooele, Utah">Tooele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jordan,_Utah" title="West Jordan, Utah">West Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Valley_City,_Utah" title="West Valley City, Utah">West Valley City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Utah" title="List of counties in Utah">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Utah" title="Beaver County, Utah">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_Elder_County,_Utah" title="Box Elder County, Utah">Box Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_County,_Utah" title="Cache County, Utah">Cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_County,_Utah" title="Carbon County, Utah">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daggett_County,_Utah" title="Daggett County, Utah">Daggett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_County,_Utah" title="Davis County, Utah">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchesne_County,_Utah" title="Duchesne County, Utah">Duchesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_County,_Utah" title="Emery County, Utah">Emery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Utah" title="Garfield County, Utah">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_County,_Utah" title="Grand County, Utah">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Utah" title="Iron County, Utah">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juab_County,_Utah" title="Juab County, Utah">Juab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Utah" title="Kane County, Utah">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_County,_Utah" title="Millard County, Utah">Millard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Utah" title="Morgan County, Utah">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piute_County,_Utah" title="Piute County, Utah">Piute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_County,_Utah" title="Rich County, Utah">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County,_Utah" title="Salt Lake County, Utah">Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Utah" title="San Juan County, Utah">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanpete_County,_Utah" title="Sanpete County, Utah">Sanpete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevier_County,_Utah" title="Sevier County, Utah">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Utah" title="Summit County, Utah">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooele_County,_Utah" title="Tooele County, Utah">Tooele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uintah_County,_Utah" title="Uintah County, Utah">Uintah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_County,_Utah" title="Utah County, Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_County,_Utah" title="Wasatch County, Utah">Wasatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Utah" title="Washington County, Utah">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Utah" title="Wayne County, Utah">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_County,_Utah" title="Weber County, Utah">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bears_Ears_National_Monument" title="Bears Ears National Monument">Bears Ears National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Breaks_National_Monument" title="Cedar Breaks National Monument">Cedar Breaks National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_National_Monument" title="Dinosaur National Monument">Dinosaur National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Staircase%E2%80%93Escalante_National_Monument" title="Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument">Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovenweep_National_Monument" title="Hovenweep National Monument">Hovenweep National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridges_National_Monument" title="Natural Bridges National Monument">Natural Bridges National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_National_Monument" title="Rainbow Bridge National Monument">Rainbow Bridge National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timpanogos_Cave_National_Monument" title="Timpanogos Cave National Monument">Timpanogos Cave National Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park" title="Bryce Canyon National Park">Bryce Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reef_National_Park" title="Capitol Reef National Park">Capitol Reef National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion_National_Park" title="Zion National Park">Zion National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_recreation_area" title="National recreation area">National recreation areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Gorge_National_Recreation_Area" title="Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area">Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">Ski resorts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Ski_Area" title="Alta Ski Area">Alta Ski Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Mountain" title="Beaver Mountain">Beaver Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Head_Ski_Resort" title="Brian Head Ski Resort">Brian Head Ski Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Ski_Resort" title="Brighton Ski Resort">Brighton Ski Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Peak_Resort" title="Cherry Peak Resort">Cherry Peak Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Valley" title="Deer Valley">Deer Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_City_Mountain_Resort" title="Park City Mountain Resort">Park City Mountain Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_Mountain" title="Powder Mountain">Powder Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowbasin" title="Snowbasin">Snowbasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowbird,_Utah" title="Snowbird, Utah">Snowbird Ski Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitude_Mountain_Resort" title="Solitude Mountain Resort">Solitude Mountain Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Resort" title="Sundance Resort">Sundance Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf Mountain">Wolf Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Salt_Flats" title="Bonneville Salt Flats">Bonneville Salt Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Spike_National_Historical_Park" title="Golden Spike National Historical Park">Golden Spike National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon_(amusement_park)" title="Lagoon (amusement park)">Lagoon (amusement park)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Square" title="Temple Square">Temple Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermore_Park" title="Evermore Park">Evermore Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Utah" title="History of Utah">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%931872)" title="Black Hawk War (1865–1872)">Black Hawk War (1865–1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_settlement_techniques_of_the_Salt_Lake_Valley" title="Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley">Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaway_Officials_of_1851" title="Runaway Officials of 1851">Runaway Officials of 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Salt_Lake_City" title="History of Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Utah" title="History of slavery in Utah">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Utah" title="Territorial evolution of Utah">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintic_War" title="Tintic War">Tintic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Utah Territory in the American Civil War">Utah Territory in the American Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_War" title="Utah War">Utah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakara%27s_War" title="Wakara's War">Wakara's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Utah_in_World_War_II" title="Role of Utah in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Utah" title="Women's suffrage in Utah">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Utah" title="List of fauna of Utah">Fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arachnids_of_Utah" title="List of arachnids of Utah">Arachnids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Utah" title="List of birds of Utah">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lepidoptera_of_Utah" title="List of Lepidoptera of Utah">Butterflies and moths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Utah" title="List of mammals of Utah">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mollusks_of_Utah" title="List of mollusks of Utah">Mollusks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flora_of_Utah" title="List of flora of Utah">Flora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_Colorado_Plateau_and_Canyonlands_region" title="Flora of the Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region">Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasatch_and_Uinta_montane_forests" title="Wasatch and Uinta montane forests">Wasatch and Uinta montane forests</a></li> <li><a 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