CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a241fd3e9fd4',cH: 'IYhHtv7aoeGa1vPfzM77Q8Thit0eqZBG1wjSzu87whI-1739793802-1.2.1.1-G8LMcp9qsfq6ZFxZaSjOiE5bMYCx_cXmxeEWUxFe9A77YawGPVZkDibq5D4.8GIO',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sidra%20Ejaz&__cf_chl_tk=kQZwLB_l6QpnB9rFXf6babs3h2vHbzf4JABXgXulRFA-1739793802-1.0.1.1-eXbhcR75B1lV0pPyapWXnVLVpga9WPMEXGfDozMvtdc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793802',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sidra%20Ejaz&__cf_chl_f_tk=kQZwLB_l6QpnB9rFXf6babs3h2vHbzf4JABXgXulRFA-1739793802-1.0.1.1-eXbhcR75B1lV0pPyapWXnVLVpga9WPMEXGfDozMvtdc",md: "g6UD919iGLLJI6NX.kRCRYYrxUGgFXu2lpLD4eL.6ys-1739793802-1.2.1.1-gU2b2ZsoXlEsntMVngHCeO70SqRDHBW8VhV_eORFLNB5VlVoTX5wMLwCTsr1iaddNknfmKiV3NaMPvofCgrKWIxMJYoU873F.BJfVzDRqX27nKs17hCX7uenXb26vO6pyMWdwGkzu0lajUFHBVWXD0C08naBK_RjlqpNXsBBonkUjQbWKS22M3CuDpbxSviR5yuVvvUL7RtvmfLM0HcH4Wf22QzU7u6WecfUoyHk1QhHO4yL5nUKekT3RdTx12zVzVk2mPMhE70YvnyHcas9yTRNXfkyiD8MwUfP224w7HdQHh6A6VR8x496dCSVrxsuPREd5M1BupGFmYb.682qTvE8fVIGEP_HJMj8Q2coig4dA_vpIvHAtJ_4J0zfUW.Z8k3NiJdLKH2cLngXjiZrxHAxxvgk2lZc0DIPqsw9ROxwXss5INbH9Z.vaY1E3NIMkXAbErEWMZhI_BhHWC0PmJhrWvMtcoqtJuZhT5Z.TqJqB9JPSVKRGMvyVpdLEYCbLU_QtP0M17vLyPGHCdUEhOp8IWpLVZmXT.cdb.LmX1Qka1isF4R3P3wdvBhrn63DMGwzEdSbjhGb6QWsiJ5tNbGdYtNLNt.eygfxGKA6CHcrp_oILh900SJavmHeRjCRHK07H56wEcpU.QwG9AcbKqwyJaUPqn.YpLaVPXwPGFjwzFPsovNhhZlSC5plJ2XgdQWaPqkcCzuA2xKhQSNF5eMilslnC2DTyY8vMHAmKaQf0Bc8nu6LvpBwhoeFWB1XdamTQ6c5f93dpXr9iSj_8FIDd8tNO9c6BRePt9L7YtgN4anAccKnR2ye8lnU5pR1rlKS5uOWylQq_riOyJcxkwN1biFpKPU98ZPhmDGMhdaKPVhn9EGmXmf0cqlyTD8WfUQMCKegi1b3kN9QawrFQtP9sh5j8L.m3FlCkk1qdRpdqhWRiwMaGKxIbwBCK5sFUnpjkmrSJnK4tC44yaO2HLJ76mFaFbCx4d._0HIs7vWMSsc_tu5vtWWsB6Wx17PA14hJR0zxd4aezpj.mz5wHQ6lpbmPggu2qVDt2.xuWhmR2dgVZzNI8InOgZEzkNJ9qV0Cr0fVGhgyvdJ03hjZmVzc55_2uW1IxncjiTFGLfhSE6sT9JELxIWTelurQ7f_bA5aI0sJ8YffXxo4xl3G7ep7WOwbOIOB3ldIpz_U8Hlx2KUeTFB6qertYyVFCSoYrLf2qniX0fqDSmhqUDiozy.x_tYiDxdCsNBVkWc4kudR2BzpAN4_wXcQl7Qb45tPR0eQRRPmlmbwt2M1daeEQJJTGoH8bk6Tm1yyYQeybE0M30ZJYtyUFlrhqkZloF6C5Ls22..KRHQBiSUbvmFT5eZvNxUyMyINPpSZlvLiNESHjSdpcakz1MmPuYQY3Hn2xFHWnn4LOu3Qtm_D_7dxeN6b31HuT_Rtm6QV.YnKB68ktdiCXyaooADcwJ8pT_0jbUzMztRm1.h2SfGcM_uWMSCLUG6anhd9GEOqQIgc1RCcIn.7VGBgDJoL8BFACpV7lCYi3BW5WcInxv0Cwwz7UztQyQYX5uJ8hdC_MAd6ERs7g9bDSPgIqrII.zKkQh9Ya7bD3s9gzuHBhHcgG0fLdChRnm.Vd2Pez599.fFHNBCb9_h77vs2YS82Cuh3OzoGMFL4zT.goNv16WW8CXmhlIJpWf21v3rJzXUudywvSXCOy6NhMoKKusmuUCE5hedK.4T0EZA0flmxN.S7X2egc_HWsJ3B977DDOrTRd9SC8to8M2pu8D774nV1sEQ2jyHUBOXBgR.1i6OjBKhQ6ss5_rfMs7XQB_SYWZoM.gTBZCp0.6xn2R.80SGTxrmR31hnfwKzO8NqVgvZXP.awRKxiuNkr0nNjBnF3qa_YqaXG5.itSBLOFWoAv9ZxliYdTBs1n3ufDhLbeqTaxbMSso7g",mdrd: "pggEUS_I7Z1Nf3atiaVuW5aK451iNMHeZDalB1eJMoo-1739793802-1.2.1.1-JKSHRuF8bXHTNmFVPFtEXcAOkkzMCKu2wi0SvQNO9npNV6KJsFr2WHit319DC7W8OG3yx26q.axfagPvY_FdNl4dDiin0r69BmKGcl56z8TMw9Nd4ruraj3842BRQAuiI4LnAD1w5S.BpoZGQAj081brFNnHMbGTwcTKM3g_wpNRyU9L3ZzpmYLHbMXBEjr6H6jfzK9CoQGsn8SoUaeYv76w6JJ9mfT4teR.jkmkyfvfgStYLellCjUrylCs_H1Q9hJUS7YZiqq.9JHS4mMSCyG0OXYWLGDovlnquAygfO6xUX_lg8Ce4WTOKJwU02vgtjCkcbfXbDhuxkFUGVkk_rlYLQ.cF6UHmq84rAqQ0nKxclJs_Btr3Run12c2ujHaFuarTxMQ2RZ_dtQ_0.MmTHO01GJDXSGxIncU7H1xT5qxR6PrbxIBExh9LOqGGQ5oAybcXx3Qjfer6Qb2k0bEqOBlhd3zwBE2aLK8vTDphGGKmIPPHleED2w25NQ4IfdR4wjlpxngTaqtAJBrzpWtGdL1GjhHohF75DC_UAfEQ8vF07TBphpxB..uSi20SKdYAzV5OxDAfZxoZxQjTzj9nkwSSjnGrTPeYJHxJrwo_1gfgB3o1yjsTiGgmS6eA1T1jArLhPeGeK3lywJYp_2pI20grDmjm0ARfUd.a4PbK04FI.Zumv0djjxu4n40zyfznJMXH.GIQpQ_0Cgn7t8JYETmVDT8zS3rgLSAJTJMcgzYib.L1p5M5l45kAIBR3zxfoX5qL2Dk3ioi2njtmxJifq7h0DvSf0kUqlSvrY_ESLCLKEyguE3eA_Sqyn8Y3OeN8xFNG4i2yqUQHZUotrHUIf9Qu4Vfw_Jczi7tKBjNpxte7_DjrL4EyX.Vx1GYkNj7ykhEwryvS9Pxy256EqL6oNbVyQ2.NZ8rcBM5T6OZo6Ko739DoCD9.BEjarDw4A3xRA2yRs.Df_ZYGzzctnw_PhouBo5t3krhafNe.rONKoIEPDWW.ooEgwuxVOMtjsh.jjzkvE.9BSKTnA_xfD6jBV7rAqH7jqfazrA.phAfWguwxVKvX7bWGUaOB.112yJD27kxQbLppoZIlmYMZAdW.ky6W5rYDMDyk8NyuDa2w.HumvtRg1S_t9SSP6pj2AGlgXHhlrmkZvQ5z8hYLpexLiA_gmf13Qbq_.d29JTFcXw1BRSTf7GUJHfqlpaUWI0UuBsFTQCO9bbPdA1RkLxTYKI3Ynnf23qKSbU.ytA5WLnov8xkfKYqKnyg2NCR4wktlXzO9WrSWJU8MWUfmAwytBefe3OWvXzlzS5Rw2bRSjLk1x.lxw44IbR9NAsiA4z6EIHW77JntRVQ7wcWDjsWfhWuHJGgt_j45HomzqDZ4rHptBsXgvleXDYL0BFK.n.AklwXc9i_4ZpJJUbggVjWicKPH9u1i7mvUQp7PK37JbndTTvD..2ps7xIggcCGEUtJvm7iWkJsHXmDItXqgnjeMjPHqYCkV7r.vDHz3DDsf1a3Npyc3ohtQXlDNohYKOFzdDd.Jsiv1Vc6Kd.E9fV3IseWMWef1GBsXtc3ncMkx1KPuX1KFehZhY4wshR.SRj7DjP.OPwGhlNsuRqTz.wcDzOJP0PDiYGA9Kdyt1l1yoq7WHnHX6_dK2qraQv7AgdzXyqNpMvVXshAy.1WL20tuufKoUbC.hbWobo8GbZr50va3NYycuyhD4g1nR_xS4cV6bpZ5WX8ZAhMP9f1GP3f9uumBlesDj0g2GmcZ90Ahcj8YSXitQd5tC1kG05me_AK7wNTl_oI.amtXF1KAFYdplF7FXfxfzB6Uapkgcli7EbtooL05_Q7LaF.QWKuysMgTzvjog8UWTGlbJH8NmNfQBGD2w3feRoOH8ack5SSFYJqKYC6VAPCN1ira78kIR5pATP5a3T0dcVK_f6nSKbenIyJiF_zsZDsJofgo2mJ5HumY4KAb7IUZpLRP17axF"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a241fd3e9fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sidra%20Ejaz&__cf_chl_rt_tk=kQZwLB_l6QpnB9rFXf6babs3h2vHbzf4JABXgXulRFA-1739793802-1.0.1.1-eXbhcR75B1lV0pPyapWXnVLVpga9WPMEXGfDozMvtdc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>