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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F393094%2FSelf_Organization_Autocatalysis_and_Models_of_the_Origin_of_Life%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":1888080,"identifier":"Attachment_1888080","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":393094,"created_at":"2010-12-19T04:29:28.817-08:00","from_world_paper_id":2064931,"updated_at":"2024-12-03T01:22:38.717-08:00","_data":{"ai_abstract":"This paper explores the complex mechanisms behind the origin of life, emphasizing self-organization and autocatalysis. It critiques various theories surrounding the emergence of life, particularly focusing on the protein-first and lipid-first models. By proposing a theoretical framework known as the Inherited Efficiencies Model, it examines the significance of peptide length in catalytic activity, providing insights into the dynamics of prebiotic chemistry and non-genomic evolution.","publication_name":"Citeseer"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":14,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Self-Organization, Autocatalysis and Models of the Origin of Life","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [297986]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":1888080,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Self-Organization, Autocatalysis and Models of the Origin of Life”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/1888080/mini_magick20190427-15806-yw6epb.png?1556389453" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Self-Organization, Autocatalysis and Models of the Origin of Life</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="297986" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/ReginaRMonaco"><img alt="Profile image of Regina R. Monaco" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/297986/1947137/2303000/s65_regina_r..monaco.jpg" />Regina R. Monaco</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Citeseer</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">14 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 393094; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=393094"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper explores the complex mechanisms behind the origin of life, emphasizing self-organization and autocatalysis. It critiques various theories surrounding the emergence of life, particularly focusing on the protein-first and lipid-first models. By proposing a theoretical framework known as the Inherited Efficiencies Model, it examines the significance of peptide length in catalytic activity, providing insights into the dynamics of prebiotic chemistry and non-genomic evolution.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":1888080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/393094/Self_Organization_Autocatalysis_and_Models_of_the_Origin_of_Life"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":1888080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/393094/Self_Organization_Autocatalysis_and_Models_of_the_Origin_of_Life"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="1888080" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/393094/Self_Organization_Autocatalysis_and_Models_of_the_Origin_of_Life" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="81198964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81198964/Autocatalytic_Networks_at_the_Basis_of_Life_s_Origin_and_Organization">Autocatalytic Networks at the Basis of Life’s Origin and Organization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38896962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeSteel">Mike Steel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Life, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Life is more than the sum of its constituent molecules. Living systems depend on a particular chemical organization, i.e., the ways in which their constituent molecules interact and cooperate with each other through catalyzed chemical reactions. Several abstract models of minimal life, based on this idea of chemical organization and also in the context of the origin of life, were developed independently in the 1960s and 1970s. These models include hypercycles, chemotons, autopoietic systems, (M,R)-systems, and autocatalytic sets. We briefly compare these various models, and then focus more specifically on the concept of autocatalytic sets and their mathematical formalization, RAF theory. We argue that autocatalytic sets are a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for life-like behavior. We then elaborate on the suggestion that simple inorganic molecules like metals and minerals may have been the earliest catalysts in the formation of prebiotic autocatalytic sets, and how RAF...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Autocatalytic Networks at the Basis of Life’s Origin and Organization","attachmentId":87327517,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81198964/Autocatalytic_Networks_at_the_Basis_of_Life_s_Origin_and_Organization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81198964/Autocatalytic_Networks_at_the_Basis_of_Life_s_Origin_and_Organization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="57539728" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57539728/Lack_of_evolvability_in_self_sustaining_autocatalytic_networks_constraints_metabolism_first_scenarios_for_the_origin_of_life">Lack of evolvability in self-sustaining autocatalytic networks constraints metabolism-first scenarios for the origin of life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32468216" href="https://elte.academia.edu/ESzathm%C3%A1ry">E. Szathmáry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A basic property of life is its capacity to experience Darwinian evolution. The replicator concept is at the core of genetics-first theories of the origin of life, which suggest that self-replicating oligonucleotides or their similar ancestors may have been the first “living” systems and may have led to the evolution of an RNA world.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lack of evolvability in self-sustaining autocatalytic networks constraints metabolism-first scenarios for the origin of life","attachmentId":72393357,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57539728/Lack_of_evolvability_in_self_sustaining_autocatalytic_networks_constraints_metabolism_first_scenarios_for_the_origin_of_life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57539728/Lack_of_evolvability_in_self_sustaining_autocatalytic_networks_constraints_metabolism_first_scenarios_for_the_origin_of_life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="60814326" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814326/The_structure_of_autocatalytic_networks_with_application_to_early_biochemistry">The structure of autocatalytic networks, with application to early biochemistry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195681288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoanaCXavier">Joana C . Xavier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Metabolism across all known living systems combines two key features. First, all of the molecules that are required are either available in the environment or can be built up from available resources via other reactions within the system. Second, the reactions proceed in a fast and synchronised fashion via catalysts that are also produced within the system. Building on early work by Stuart Kauffman, a precise mathematical model for describing such self-sustaining autocatalytic systems (RAF theory) has been developed to explore the origins and organisation of living systems within a general formal framework. In this paper, we develop this theory further by establishing new relationships between classes of RAFs and related classes of networks, and developing new algorithms to investigate and visualise RAF structures in detail. We illustrate our results by showing how it reveals further details into the structure of archaeal and bacterial metabolism near the origin of life, and provide...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The structure of autocatalytic networks, with application to early biochemistry","attachmentId":74091475,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60814326/The_structure_of_autocatalytic_networks_with_application_to_early_biochemistry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814326/The_structure_of_autocatalytic_networks_with_application_to_early_biochemistry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="60814320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814320/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_at_the_origin_of_metabolism">Autocatalytic chemical networks at the origin of metabolism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195681288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoanaCXavier">Joana C . Xavier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Modern cells embody metabolic networks containing thousands of elements and form autocatalytic sets of molecules that produce copies of themselves. How the first self-sustaining metabolic networks arose at life&#39;s origin is a major open question. Autocatalytic sets smaller than metabolic networks were proposed as transitory intermediates at the origin of life, but evidence for their role in prebiotic evolution is lacking. Here, we identify reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks (RAFs)—self-sustaining networks that collectively catalyse all their reactions—embedded within microbial metabolism. RAFs in the metabolism of ancient anaerobic autotrophs that live from H 2 and CO 2 provided with small-molecule catalysts generate acetyl-CoA as well as amino acids and bases, the monomeric components of protein and RNA, but amino acids and bases without organic catalysts do not generate metabolic RAFs. This suggests that RAFs identify attributes of biochemical origins conserved i...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Autocatalytic chemical networks at the origin of metabolism","attachmentId":74091393,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60814320/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_at_the_origin_of_metabolism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814320/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_at_the_origin_of_metabolism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="60814314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814314/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_preceded_proteins_and_RNA_in_evolution">Autocatalytic chemical networks preceded proteins and RNA in evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="195681288" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoanaCXavier">Joana C . Xavier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Modern cells embody metabolic networks containing thousands of elements and form autocatalytic molecule sets that produce copies of themselves. How the first self-sustaining metabolic networks arose at life&#39;s origin is a major open question. Autocatalytic molecule sets smaller than metabolic networks were proposed as transitory intermediates at the origin of life, but evidence for their role in prebiotic evolution is lacking. Here we identify reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks (RAFs) - self-sustaining networks that collectively catalyze all their reactions - embedded within microbial metabolism. RAFs in the metabolism of ancient anaerobic autotrophs that live from H2 and CO2 generate amino acids and bases, the monomeric components of protein and RNA, and acetyl-CoA, but amino acids and bases do not generate metabolic RAFs, indicating that small-molecule catalysis preceded polymers in biochemical evolution. RAFs uncover intermediate stages in the origin of metaboli...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Autocatalytic chemical networks preceded proteins and RNA in evolution","attachmentId":74091460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60814314/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_preceded_proteins_and_RNA_in_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60814314/Autocatalytic_chemical_networks_preceded_proteins_and_RNA_in_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="124033365" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124033365/The_hierarchical_organization_of_autocatalytic_reaction_networks_and_its_relevance_to_the_origin_of_life">The hierarchical organization of autocatalytic reaction networks and its relevance to the origin of life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36869605" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/DavidBaum">David A Baum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLOS Computational Biology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Prior work on abiogenesis, the emergence of life from non-life, suggests that it requires chemical reaction networks that contain self-amplifying motifs, namely, autocatalytic cores. However, little is known about how the presence of multiple autocatalytic cores might allow for the gradual accretion of complexity on the path to life. To explore this problem, we develop the concept of a seed-dependent autocatalytic system (SDAS), which is a subnetwork that can autocatalytically self-maintain given a flux of food, but cannot be initiated by food alone. Rather, initiation of SDASs requires the transient introduction of chemical “seeds.” We show that, depending on the topological relationship of SDASs in a chemical reaction network, a food-driven system can accrete complexity in a historically contingent manner, governed by rare seeding events. We develop new algorithms for detecting and analyzing SDASs in chemical reaction databases and describe parallels between multi-SDAS networks an...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The hierarchical organization of autocatalytic reaction networks and its relevance to the origin of life","attachmentId":118333924,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124033365/The_hierarchical_organization_of_autocatalytic_reaction_networks_and_its_relevance_to_the_origin_of_life","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124033365/The_hierarchical_organization_of_autocatalytic_reaction_networks_and_its_relevance_to_the_origin_of_life"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="81198963" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81198963/Chasing_the_tail_The_emergence_of_autocatalytic_networks">Chasing the tail: The emergence of autocatalytic networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38896962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikeSteel">Mike Steel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bio Systems, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A ubiquitous feature of all living systems is their ability to sustain a biochemistry in which all reactions are coordinated by catalysts, and all reactants (along with the catalysts) are either produced by the system itself or are available from the environment. This led to the hypothesis that &#39;autocatalytic networks&#39; play a key role in both the origin and the organization of life, which was first proposed in the early 1970s, and has been enriched in recent years by a combination of experimental studies and the application of mathematical and computational techniques. The latter have allowed a formalization and detailed analysis of such networks, by means of RAF theory. In this review, we describe the development of these ideas, from pioneering early work of Stuart Kauffman through to more recent theoretical and experimental studies. We conclude with some suggestions for future work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chasing the tail: The emergence of autocatalytic networks","attachmentId":87327553,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81198963/Chasing_the_tail_The_emergence_of_autocatalytic_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81198963/Chasing_the_tail_The_emergence_of_autocatalytic_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="99450800" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99450800/Towards_an_experimental_analysis_of_molecular_self_organization_and_precellular_Darwinian_evolution">Towards an experimental analysis of molecular self-organization and precellular Darwinian evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="96379546" href="https://uni-jena.academia.edu/BerndOlafK%C3%BCppers">Bernd-Olaf Küppers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Naturwissenschaften, 1979</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An experimental system is described, which opens up a novel pathway towards a molecular understanding of the origin of life. The systemic conditions for the evolution of biological macromolecules are investigated in detail.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards an experimental analysis of molecular self-organization and precellular Darwinian evolution","attachmentId":100536921,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99450800/Towards_an_experimental_analysis_of_molecular_self_organization_and_precellular_Darwinian_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99450800/Towards_an_experimental_analysis_of_molecular_self_organization_and_precellular_Darwinian_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="34554662" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34554662/Self_Organization_and_The_Origins_of_Life_The_Managed_Metabolism_Hypothesis">Self-Organization and The Origins of Life: The Managed- Metabolism Hypothesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1719943" href="https://evolutionarymanifesto.academia.edu/JohnStewart">John E Stewart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The 'managed-metabolism' hypothesis suggests that a 'cooperation barrier' must be overcome if self-producing chemical organizations are to undergo the transition from non-life to life. This dynamical barrier prevents un-managed, self-organizing, autocatalytic networks of molecular species from individuating into complex, cooperative organizations. The barrier arises because molecular species that could otherwise make significant cooperative contributions to the success of an organization will often not be supported within the organization, and because side reactions and other 'free-riding' processes will undermine cooperation. As a result, the barrier seriously limits the possibility space that can be explored by un-managed organizations, impeding individuation supported by complex functionality and the transition to life. The barrier can be overcome comprehensively by appropriate 'management'. Management implements a system of evolvable constraints that can overcome the cooperation barrier by ensuring that beneficial co-operators are supported within the organization and by suppressing free riders. In this way management can control and manipulate the chemical processes of a collectively autocatalytic organization, producing novel processes that serve the interests of the organization as a whole and that could not arise and persist spontaneously in an un-managed chemical organization. Management self-organizes because it is able to capture some of the benefits that are produced when its management of an autocatalytic organization enhances productivity by promoting cooperation. Selection will therefore favour the emergence of managers that take over and manage chemical organizations so as to overcome the cooperation barrier. The managed-metabolism hypothesis demonstrates that if management is to overcome the cooperation barrier comprehensively, its interventions must be digitally coded. In this way, the hypothesis accounts for the two-tiered structure of all living cells in which a digitally-coded genetic apparatus manages an analogically-informed metabolism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Self-Organization and The Origins of Life: The Managed- Metabolism Hypothesis","attachmentId":54419885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34554662/Self_Organization_and_The_Origins_of_Life_The_Managed_Metabolism_Hypothesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34554662/Self_Organization_and_The_Origins_of_Life_The_Managed_Metabolism_Hypothesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="57512026" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57512026/An_Approach_to_the_Evolution_of_Primitive_Metabolic_Systems_Using_a_Model_of_Artificial_Chemistry">An Approach to the Evolution of Primitive Metabolic Systems Using a Model of Artificial Chemistry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33340491" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NaoakiOno">Naoaki Ono</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">www-karc.nict.go.jp</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It is widely accepted that some chemicals could maintain a self-replicating reaction cycle in the environment of primordial earth. However, how such a primitive metabolic system could evolve is still not clear. This paper introduces a model of artificial chemistry based on a string rewriting system that is capable of simulating organizations of proto-cell structures and a wide range of metabolic systems. The steps of evolution from a simple autocatalytic cycle to complex self-replicating system will be discussed within this framework.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Approach to the Evolution of Primitive Metabolic Systems Using a Model of Artificial Chemistry","attachmentId":72379773,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57512026/An_Approach_to_the_Evolution_of_Primitive_Metabolic_Systems_Using_a_Model_of_Artificial_Chemistry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57512026/An_Approach_to_the_Evolution_of_Primitive_Metabolic_Systems_Using_a_Model_of_Artificial_Chemistry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":1888080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":1888080,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_1888080" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="17829838" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17829838/The_Origins_of_Cellular_Life">The Origins of Cellular Life</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37748080" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SzostakJack">Jack Szostak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Origins of Cellular 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