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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>How to use these infoboxes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_to_use_these_infoboxes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How to use these infoboxes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_to_use_these_infoboxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Risk_and_safety_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risk_and_safety_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Risk and safety statements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risk_and_safety_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplementary_data_page" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplementary_data_page"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Supplementary data page</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplementary_data_page-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Validation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Validation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Validation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Validation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-On-line_databases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On-line_databases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>On-line databases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On-line_databases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monographs_and_journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monographs_and_journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Monographs and journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%95" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রাসায়নিক তথ্যছক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রাসায়নিক তথ্যছক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уикипедия:Химическа инфокутия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Химическа инфокутия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%AE%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8:Chemical_infobox" title="ဝီခီပီးဒီးယား:Chemical infobox – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဝီခီပီးဒီးယား:Chemical infobox" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_nas_infocaixas_de_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Wikipédia:Informação nas infocaixas de química – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Informação nas infocaixas de química" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Chemical_infobox" title="විකිපීඩියා:Chemical infobox – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Chemical infobox" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:Chemical_infobox" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:Chemical infobox – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:Chemical infobox" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Kimyasal_bilgi_tablolar%C4%B1" title="Vikipedi:Kimyasal bilgi tabloları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Kimyasal bilgi tabloları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry)">Article titles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chemboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:InChI" title="Wikipedia:InChI">InChI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(chemistry)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (chemistry)">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_safety" title="Wikipedia:Chemical safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and<br/>external links</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemistry_templates" title="Category:Chemistry templates">Templates</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Category:Chemistry_citation_templates" title="Category:Chemistry citation templates">citation</a>)</span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CHEMBOX"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CHEMBOX&redirect=no">WP:CHEMBOX</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>This page presents several <b>chemical infoboxes</b> to present <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> data in a standardised form. They are to be used on all chemical articles, and as such are actively being used in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals">WikiProject Chemicals</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Reliability_of_data" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reliability_of_data"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reliability_of_data"></span>Reliability of data<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reliability_of_data"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Reliability of data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These tables are constructed by experts in the field of chemical sciences, as well as amateurs and may have been edited by less-knowledgeable passers-by or vandals. Although these tables are well designed, and useful to present the relevant chemical data, the accuracy of information they contain cannot be guaranteed. This also applies to the information in the Hazards section, which is provided for reference value only. When handling chemicals, always take the proper precautions as defined also by <i>reliable</i> sources of information, particularly <a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">safety data sheets</a> (SDSs) supplied by the manufacturer and/or relevant government agency. Also see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Wikipedia:General disclaimer</a>. </p><p>All data as presented in these tables are for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a>, which is defined to be 25 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> and 100 <a href="/wiki/KPa" class="mw-redirect" title="KPa">kPa</a>, unless other conditions are explicitly indicated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_use_these_infoboxes" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span>How to use these infoboxes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: How to use these infoboxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These templates are for creating new infoboxes in wikipages which have no (current) infobox yet. The following steps indicate how to do this. </p> <ol><li>Edit the chemicals article to add the infobox to</li> <li>Copy and paste <b>one</b> of the following three templates listed in <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Chembox" title="Template:Chembox">Chembox</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</li> <li>Fill in the details; empty fields are okay.</li></ol> <p>See <i><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">What links here</a></i> in the <i>toolbox</i> on this wikipage, and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Organization" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Organization">Chemicals WikiProject worklist</a> to find wikipages as examples of use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risk_and_safety_statements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Risk_and_safety_statements-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Risk_and_safety_statements-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span>Risk and safety statements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Risk_and_safety_statements-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Risk and safety statements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Use <a href="/wiki/Template:H-phrases" title="Template:H-phrases">H-phrases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:P-phrases" title="Template:P-phrases">P-phrases</a> templates to provide popup explanations of their meanings. R and S phrases are long obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supplementary_data_page" data-mw-thread-id="h-Supplementary_data_page-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Supplementary_data_page-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span>Supplementary data page<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Supplementary_data_page-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Supplementary data page"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If using the full Chembox, a supplementary page should be created as soon as time allows. This is most simply done by clicking on the red link in the table <u>Supplementary data page</u>, then type {{subst:Chembox supplement}}. Save the page, then edit to enter the information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Validation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Validation-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Validation-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span>Validation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Validation-How_to_use_these_infoboxes"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Validation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bot tracks these infoboxes to validate certain data (like CAS RN), and to track changes to usually stable values (like melting point). </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CHEMVAL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CHEMVAL">WP:CHEMVAL</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biomolecules" title="List of biomolecules">List of biomolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds" title="List of inorganic compounds">List of inorganic compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of organic compounds">List of organic compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chembox" title="Template:Chembox">Template:Chembox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_drug" title="Template:Infobox drug">Template:Infobox drug</a> (aka <span class="nowrap">{{Drugbox}}</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox_(data_page)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox (data page)">Wikipedia:Chemical infobox (data page)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals">Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Organization" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Organization">current worklist</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On-line_databases" data-mw-thread-id="h-On-line_databases-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-On-line_databases-References"></span>On-line databases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-On-line_databases-References"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: On-line databases"><span>edit</span></a><span 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsevier.com/solutions/reaxys">"Reaxys"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reaxys&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Fsolutions%2Freaxys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.org/products/scifinder">"SciFinder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a></i>.</cite><span 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American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+International+-+Standards+Worldwide&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Testing+and+Materials+%28ASTM%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/ec-inventory">"EINECS"</a>. <i>European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+INventory+of+Existing+Commercial+chemical+Substances&rft.atitle=EINECS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecha.europa.eu%2Finformation-on-chemicals%2Fec-inventory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/">"NIST Chemistry WebBook"</a>. <i>National Institute of Standards and Technology</i>. United States Department of Commerce.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.atitle=NIST+Chemistry+WebBook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebbook.nist.gov%2Fchemistry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/">"ChemBioFinder"</a>. PerkinElmer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ChemBioFinder&rft.pub=PerkinElmer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemfinder.cambridgesoft.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/">"ChemSpider"</a>. The Royal Society of Chemistry.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ChemSpider&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemspider.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratio.co.jp/english/education/cd_crystal/ecd_crystal_06.html">"Crystal Structure Catalogue"</a>. Ratio International Corporation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crystal+Structure+Catalogue&rft.pub=Ratio+International+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratio.co.jp%2Fenglish%2Feducation%2Fcd_crystal%2Fecd_crystal_06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/">"New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties"</a>. <i>Ioffe Institute Databases</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ioffe+Institute+Databases&rft.atitle=New+Semiconductor+Materials.+Characteristics+and+Properties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioffe.ru%2FSVA%2FNSM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi">"Spectral Database for Organic Compounds (SDBS)"</a>. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spectral+Database+for+Organic+Compounds+%28SDBS%29&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Advanced+Industrial+Science+and+Technology+%28AIST%29%2C+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp%2Fsdbs%2Fcgi-bin%2Fdirect_frame_top.cgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monographs_and_journal_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Monographs_and_journal_articles-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Monographs_and_journal_articles-References"></span>Monographs and journal articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Monographs_and_journal_articles-References"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Monographs and journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2015" class="citation book cs1">Haynes WM (2015). <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i> (96th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4822-6096-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4822-6096-0"><bdi>978-1-4822-6096-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.edition=96th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4822-6096-0&rft.aulast=Haynes&rft.aufirst=William+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGahanBlackman2014" class="citation book cs1">Gahan L, Blackman A (2014). <i>Aylward and Findlay's SI Chemical Data</i> (7th ed.). Australia: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7303-0246-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7303-0246-9"><bdi>978-0-7303-0246-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aylward+and+Findlay%27s+SI+Chemical+Data&rft.place=Australia&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7303-0246-9&rft.aulast=Gahan&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.au=Blackman%2C+Allan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw2006" class="citation book cs1">Greenwood N, Earnshaw A (2006). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-3365-9"><bdi>978-0-7506-3365-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-3365-9&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=N.N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2012" class="citation book cs1">Wells AF (2012). <i>Structural Inorganic Chemistry</i> (5th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965763-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965763-6"><bdi>978-0-19-965763-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Structural+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965763-6&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Acidity values from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberberg2008" class="citation book cs1">Silberberg M (2008). <i>Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change</i> (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-721650-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-721650-4"><bdi>978-0-07-721650-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+The+Molecular+Nature+of+Matter+and+Change&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Higher+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-721650-4&rft.aulast=Silberberg&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Drug monographs from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'NeilHeckelmanDobbelaarRoman2013" class="citation book cs1">O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ, Kenny CM, Karaffa LS (2013). <i>The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals</i> (15th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-670-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84973-670-1"><bdi>978-1-84973-670-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Merck+Index%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Chemicals%2C+Drugs%2C+and+Biologicals&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Royal+Society+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84973-670-1&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=Maryadele+J.&rft.au=Heckelman%2C+Patricia+E.&rft.au=Dobbelaar%2C+Peter+H.&rft.au=Roman%2C+Kristin+J.&rft.au=Kenny%2C+Catherine+M.&rft.au=Karaffa%2C+Linda+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Solubility values from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearlman1984" class="citation journal cs1">Pearlman RS (1984). "Water Solubilities of Polynuclear Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds" [On dithionic acid and its salts]. <i>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 555–562. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.555712">10.1063/1.555712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+and+Chemical+Reference+Data&rft.atitle=Water+Solubilities+of+Polynuclear+Aromatic+and+Heteroaromatic+Compounds&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=555-562&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.555712&rft.aulast=Pearlman&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AChemical+infobox" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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