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href="https://www.unesco.org/en/classroom" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle">UNESCO Classroom</a><ul class="list-unstyled ms-3"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/campus" class="nav-link">UNESCO Campus</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://shop.unesco.org/en" class="nav-link">UNESCO Shop</a></li></ul></li></ul><div class="vocabulary--websites"><span class="title nav-link">All UNESCO websites</span><div class="right"><input aria-label="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" class="dynamic-search" placeholder="Search for a site or UNESCO entity" type="search" /><div class="wrapper-websites"><div data-letter="B" data-nid="5549" id="taxonomy-term-5549" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/biennaleluanda/2021/en" title="Biennale of Luanda" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Biennale of Luanda</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Pan-African Forum for the Culture of Peace</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="C" data-nid="8463" id="taxonomy-term-8463" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://core.unesco.org" title="Core Data Portal" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Core Data Portal</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="D" data-nid="8124" id="taxonomy-term-8124" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/creativity/en" title="Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005 Convention)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately provides <strong>a new framework for informed, transparent and </strong></p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="E" data-nid="5550" id="taxonomy-term-5550" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/interculturaldialogue/en" title="E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">E-platform on Intercultural Dialogue</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO’s e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="12211" id="taxonomy-term-12211" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">GEM-reports</div></div></div><div data-letter="G" data-nid="5544" id="taxonomy-term-5544" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en" title="Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="7691" id="taxonomy-term-7691" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/" title="Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intangible Culture Heritage (ICH)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="9840" id="taxonomy-term-9840" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC)</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="12187" id="taxonomy-term-12187" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development</div></div></div><div data-letter="I" data-nid="12173" id="taxonomy-term-12173" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">International Year of Glaciers</div></div></div><div data-letter="M" data-nid="5551" id="taxonomy-term-5551" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/mab/50anniversary/en" title="Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Man and the Biosphere - 50th Anniversary</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="5547" id="taxonomy-term-5547" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/access-to-information/2021/en" title="Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Report on Public Access to Information (SDG 16.10.2) 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>To recovery and beyond: The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Info</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="R" data-nid="5597" id="taxonomy-term-5597" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/reshaping-creativity/2022/en" title="Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Reshaping Policies for Creativity - 2022 Report</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Addressing culture as a global public good</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="5552" id="taxonomy-term-5552" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en" title="Science Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">Science Report 2021</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="S" data-nid="10809" id="taxonomy-term-10809" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">Spotlight Children (GEM campaign)</div></div></div><div data-letter="T" data-nid="5561" id="taxonomy-term-5561" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://courier.unesco.org/en" title="The UNESCO Courier" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">The UNESCO Courier</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For almost 75 years, <em>the UNESCO Courier</em> has served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire pla</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="9341" id="taxonomy-term-9341" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/safety-journalists/2022/en" title="UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity 2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="5553" id="taxonomy-term-5553" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.uil.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lifelong learning is key to overcoming global challenges and to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="12164" id="taxonomy-term-12164" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)</div></div></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="9342" id="taxonomy-term-9342" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.ibe.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Bureau of Education" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Bureau of Education</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="5554" id="taxonomy-term-5554" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.iiep.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="7546" id="taxonomy-term-7546" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/" title="UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (IESALC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="9841" id="taxonomy-term-9841" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.iicba.unesco.org/en" title="UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO's International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="258" id="taxonomy-term-258" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org" title="UNESCO.org" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESCO.org</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Main UNESCO website</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="U" data-nid="6429" id="taxonomy-term-6429" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/" title="UNESDOC" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">UNESDOC</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>UNESCO Digital Library website.</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="5555" id="taxonomy-term-5555" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/" title="World Heritage Convention (WHC)" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Heritage Convention (WHC)</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="5558" id="taxonomy-term-5558" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/world-media-trends/2021/en" title="World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development - Global Report 2021-2022</div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="12155" id="taxonomy-term-12155" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report</div></div></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="5548" id="taxonomy-term-5548" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="http://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2021/en" title="World Water Development Report 2021" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2021</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Value of water</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="5598" id="taxonomy-term-5598" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2022/en" title="World Water Development Report 2022" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2022</div><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-description field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Groundwater, making the invisible visible</p></div></div> </a></div><div data-letter="W" data-nid="11689" id="taxonomy-term-11689" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-websites"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en" title="World Water Development Report 2023" target="_blank"><div class="content"><div class="title">World Water Development Report 2023</div></div> </a></div></div></div></div> </nav></div></div></div><div class="dropdown block block-unesco-common block-unesco-commonlanguage-blocklanguage-interface col-lg-1 col-md-12" id="block-languageswitcher"><div 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Report: the Race against Time for Smarter Development" /><div class="wrapper-search-text"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-text form-item-text"> <input placeholder="" data-drupal-selector="edit-text" type="search" id="edit-text" name="text" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-search form-control" /></div><button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary custom-submit" label="ows-edit-submit" type="submit">Search</button><div data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" id="ows-edit-actions"> <input data-drupal-selector="ows-edit-submit" class="btn-lg button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary" type="submit" id="ows-edit-submit" value="Search" /></div></div><div class="results-sort-wrapper"></div></form></div><div class="unesco-messages-wrapper"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div></div><div id="block-unesco-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node--view-mode-full media-large node node--type-homepage node--promoted node--sticky" data-terms-tags="272" data-terms-univers="272" data-letter="T" data-nid="66"><div class="node__content"><div class="header-homepage"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-banner"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=ejQ6MJU6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=riF4XhXQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=yuz5ELG3 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="400" height="512"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_desktop/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg?itok=ejQ6MJU6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1920" height="792"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_tablet/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg?itok=riF4XhXQ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="800" height="406"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg?itok=yuz5ELG3 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="400" height="512"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/banner_mobile/public/2021-05/hero_sc-report-homepage_01.png.jpg?itok=yuz5ELG3" width="400" height="512" alt="Science Report Cover" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div><div class="field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Zipline International Inc.</div></div></div><h1 class="title article-title">The race against time for smarter development</h1><div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The UNESCO Science Report monitors trends in science governance and scientific endeavour worldwide to track which development path countries are following.<br />Published in June 2021, the seventh edition in the series explores how countries used science over the previous five years to realize a digitally and ecologically smart future.</div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.unesco.org/reports/science/2021/en/download-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Download the Report</a></div></div><div class="field field--name-field-paragraphs field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph-border position-left not-full-quote paragraph paragraph--type--quote paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="rich-text col-lg-8 clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>This report is a masterpiece.</p></div><div class="quote-people col-lg-3 offset-lg-1"><div class="quote-shape"><span class="quote-icon bg-blueLight"></span></div><div class="quote-person-text"><span class="name">Lidia Borrell-Damian</span><span class="function">Secretary-General of Science Europe</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="development-priorities-have-aligned-over-the-past-five-years-" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Development priorities have aligned over the past five years</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Countries of all income levels are prioritizing their transition to digital and green economies. On the one hand, countries have committed to reaching their ambitious Sustainable Development Goals by the 2030 deadline. In parallel, most countries are convinced that their future economic competitiveness will depend upon how quickly they manage to transition to digital societies. The UNESCO Science Report’s subtitle, ‘the race against time for smarter development’, is an allusion to these dual development priorities. <a href="/reports/science/2021/en/race4smarter-development">Read more</a></p><p>Tell us what you think of the report via this <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1NkP4ODbIOGLHVDOkOdpl4BeK3RBYzrpa44e82lkR-WE/viewform?edit_requested=true">reader satisfaction survey</a>.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377250/PDF/377250eng.pdf.multi" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read Executive Summary</a></div><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_6f995c20-a51f-4c30-a59e-3a036a90b41d?_=377250eng.pdf&to=52&from=1" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Download Executive Summary</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=htXbNT7S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=zbOGXdMS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=euTI85EW 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="219"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg?itok=htXbNT7S 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg?itok=zbOGXdMS 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg?itok=euTI85EW 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="219"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-05/tmb_box1_01.png.jpg?itok=htXbNT7S" width="610" height="409" alt="Development priorities have aligned over the past five years " class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Christy Strever</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-cta card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-05/tmb_covid-collaboration_01.png.jpg?itok=GBPK-w3E" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-05/tmb_covid-collaboration_01.png.jpg?itok=2flQWon4"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">From vaccines to ventilators:</div><div class="card-text"><p>how the world has turned to science during Covid-19</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/reports/science/2021/en/science-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-cta card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-05/tmb_scientific-collaboration_02.png.jpg?itok=bBNghTnJ" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-05/tmb_scientific-collaboration_02.png.jpg?itok=06lqpZYz"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-title">Surge in global research spending</div><div class="card-text"><p>19.2% increase between 2014 and 2018</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/reports/science/2021/en/race4smarter-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read more</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph-simple paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-full paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="js-slider-full field field--name-field-slides field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><div class="slide left"><div class="wrapper-infos"><div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">More scientific collaboration but uneven research spending</div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>More than 30 countries raised their research spending between 2014 and 2018. Despite this, many countries remain dependent on foreign technologies and expertise. Since the private sector will need to drive much of their dual digital and green transition, countries are striving to make it easier for the private sector to innovate. Some governments are also trying to attract or retain researchers through pay rises, greater international exposure and other measures. Both the global researcher population and the rate of international scientific collaboration have surged since 2014.</p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="/reports/science/2021/en/science4smarter-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read more</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-full-size"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_desktop/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg.webp?itok=gioyU7Fu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="1000" height="667"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg.webp?itok=-XXUsh18 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg.webp?itok=-XXUsh18 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_desktop/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg?itok=gioyU7Fu 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="1000" height="667"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg?itok=-XXUsh18 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="375" height="624"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg?itok=-XXUsh18 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="375" height="624"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_full_mobile/public/2021-04/sc-report_green-digital_03.png.jpg?itok=-XXUsh18" width="375" height="624" alt="Gree digital" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Shutterstock</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_research_03.png.jpg?itok=fCI2im6i" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_research_03.png.jpg?itok=fCI2im6i"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">13.7%</div><div class="card-title">increase in researcher pool</div><div class="card-text"><p>in full-time equivalents between 2014 and 2018</p></div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_gdp_01.png.jpg?itok=T_GDvC6h" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_gdp_01.png.jpg?itok=T_GDvC6h"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">80%</div><div class="card-title">of countries still spend less than 1% of GDP on research</div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_g20_03.png.jpg?itok=VUqRArV0" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_g20_03.png.jpg?itok=VUqRArV0"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">93%</div><div class="card-title">of global research expenditure is accounted for by G20</div></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-05/tmb_china-flag.png.jpg?itok=Ke9JU9fc" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-05/tmb_china-flag.png.jpg?itok=Ke9JU9fc"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">44%</div><div class="card-title">of growth in global research spending</div><div class="card-text"><p>between 2014 and 2018 driven by China alone</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="sustainability-topics-still-a-small-share-of-global-research-" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Sustainability topics still a small share of global research</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>While there has been a global surge in research spending and an alignment of development priorities, an analysis by UNESCO of 56 research topics found that sustainability research was not yet mainstream in academic publishing at the global level. Some of the fastest growth in scientific publishing is occurring in artificial intelligence and robotics, including in developing countries. <a href="/reports/science/2021/en/science4smarter-development">Read more </a></p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377454/PDF/377454eng.pdf.multi" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read chapter 2</a></div><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_9148e2fd-b1bc-45f1-9de4-f2cdead7ef85?_=377454eng.pdf&to=104&from=1" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Download chapter 2</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg.webp?itok=c-FvfiFN 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="226"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg.webp?itok=YH2JjWHk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="700" height="260"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg.webp?itok=Bvhsg6Z5 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="121"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg?itok=c-FvfiFN 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="226"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg?itok=YH2JjWHk 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="700" height="260"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg?itok=Bvhsg6Z5 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="121"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/hero_central-asia_02.png.jpg?itok=c-FvfiFN" width="610" height="226" alt="Central Asia" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Mikhail Kokhanchikov</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-04/sc-report_research_04.png.jpg?itok=TS-alM9E" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_research_04.png.jpg?itok=6TATJsph"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">33%</div><div class="card-title">of researchers in 2018 were women</div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="card card-height-fixed card-chiffre card-overlay" data-uri-image-style="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_2_columns/public/2021-04/sc-report_women-researcher_01.png.jpg?itok=wT8LfAus" data-uri-image-style-mobile="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/card_1_column/public/2021-04/sc-report_women-researcher_01.png.jpg?itok=Gom8RV9T"><div class="card-body"><div class="card-number">28%</div><div class="card-title">of engineering graduates are women</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="women-still-a-minority-in-fields-driving-the-digital-revolution" class="paragraph-border left paragraph paragraph--type--text-media-block paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="row"><div class="wrapper-infos col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Women still a minority in fields driving the digital revolution</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Women remain a minority in digital information technology, computing, physics, mathematics and engineering. These are the fields that are driving the digital revolution and so, many of the jobs of tomorrow. This trend is even more problematic as there is a skills shortage in many of these fields, such as in artificial intelligence. To right this gender imbalance, strenuous efforts need to be made at government, academic and corporate levels not only to attract girls and women to these fields but, above all, to retain them. <a href="/reports/science/2021/en/women-digital-revolution">Read more</a></p></div><div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375429/PDF/375429eng.pdf.multi" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Read chapter 3</a></div><div class="field__item"><a href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_a7f23c66-cfd8-43d5-90e5-fb1ac42bf30c?_=375429eng.pdf&to=30&from=1" class="btn btn-primary btn-arrow-right">Download chapter 3</a></div></div></div><div class="wrapper-image col-lg-6"><div class="field field--name-field-ref-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-medium"><div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <picture> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=7hQFOxMt 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=gmU_i4lt 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg.webp?itok=AMnjYbVi 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/webp" width="327" height="219"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg?itok=7hQFOxMt 1x" media="all and (min-width: 993px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_tablet/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg?itok=gmU_i4lt 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" width="610" height="409"/> <source srcset="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_mobile/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg?itok=AMnjYbVi 1x" media="all and (max-width: 575px)" type="image/jpeg" width="327" height="219"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/reports/science/2021/sites/default/files/styles/paragraph_medium_desktop/public/2021-06/tmb_inclusivef_01.png.jpg?itok=7hQFOxMt" width="610" height="409" alt="Inclusive women" class="img-fluid" /> </picture></div></div><div class="media--copyright field field--name-field-copyright field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Shutterstock</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="news-ideas-and-stories" class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-search-landing paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="paragraph-content-search content-search"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>News, ideas and stories</h2></div><div class="wrapper-search-results row display-grid" id="para-content_search_landing-more-contents-1091"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--idea"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/asean-stepping-its-green-and-digital-transition" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/asean-stepping-its-green-and-digital-transition" title="ASEAN stepping up its green and digital transition" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2024-01/Viet-Nam%20Solar.jpg?itok=85BdPmiE&width=289&height=192" alt="ASEAN stepping up its green and digital transition" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Idea</div><div class="h5"> ASEAN stepping up its green and digital transition</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">24 January 2024</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/arab-region-punching-above-its-weight-solar-and-wind-energy-research" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/arab-region-punching-above-its-weight-solar-and-wind-energy-research" title=" Arab region punching above its weight for solar and wind energy research" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-12/SESAME.jpg?itok=CDqlQLXk&width=289&height=192" alt=" Arab region punching above its weight for solar and wind energy research" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> Arab region punching above its weight for solar and wind energy research</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">22 December 2023</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--story"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/thirty-five-latin-american-entrepreneurs-learn-how-pitch-their-green-business-ideas" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/thirty-five-latin-american-entrepreneurs-learn-how-pitch-their-green-business-ideas" title="Thirty-five Latin American entrepreneurs learn how to pitch their ‘green’ business ideas" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-12/shutterstock_2341670723.jpg?itok=31n9PBpX&width=289&height=192" alt="Thirty-five Latin American entrepreneurs learn how to pitch their ‘green’ business ideas" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">Story</div><div class="h5"> Thirty-five Latin American entrepreneurs learn how to pitch their ‘green’ business ideas</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">19 December 2023</div></div> </a> </article></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-xl-3"> <article role="article" class="node teaser border-top border-grey pt-3 pb-4 mb-4 unesco-type--news"> <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/number-countries-open-science-policies-has-almost-doubled-adoption-unesco-recommendation" data-canonical="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/number-countries-open-science-policies-has-almost-doubled-adoption-unesco-recommendation" title="Number of countries with open science policies has almost doubled since adoption of UNESCO Recommendation" class="text-decoration-none row"><div class="col-3 col-md-12 mb-4" data-class="col-9"> <img src="https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/styles/small_fixed/article/2023-12/E-learning.jpg?itok=KDyduVYw&width=289&height=192" alt="Number of countries with open science policies has almost doubled since adoption of UNESCO Recommendation" class="w-100" loading="lazy" /></div><div class="col-9 col-md-12 order-first order-md-last"><div class="section-text-small mb-1">News</div><div class="h5"> Number of countries with open science policies has almost doubled since adoption of UNESCO Recommendation</div><div class="sous-titre small text-gray4 mt-3">19 December 2023</div></div> </a> </article></div></div><div id="content_search_landing-list-load-more-1091" class="btn btn-sm btn-see-more load-more btn-outline-grey4"><a href="/reports/science/2021/en/unesco-paragraph/1091/load-more/1" onclick="window.Unesco.clickLoadMore(this)" class="use-ajax" rel="nofollow">Load more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="find-out-more-about-the-latest-trends-in-your-country-or-region-chapters-4–26" class="paragraph--hidden paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="click-on-the-map-for-the-latest-trends-in-your-country-or-region-chapters-4–26" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Click on the map for the latest trends 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text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Today’s challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, decline of ocean health and pandemics are all global. This is why we must mobilize scientists and researchers from all over the world.</p></div><div class="quote-people col-lg-3 offset-lg-1"><div class="quote-shape"><span class="quote-icon bg-blueLight"></span></div><div class="quote-person-text"><span class="name">Audrey Azoulay</span><span class="function">UNESCO Director General</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="the-race-against-time-for-smarter-development" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>The race against time for smarter development</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>We are in a race against time for smarter development. Are we using science to build the future we want?</p><p>This is the question asked by the latest UNESCO Science Report, released on 11 June 2021.</p></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph-border display-normal paragraph paragraph--type--iframe paragraph--view-mode--default" data-height="380" data-height-tablet="380" data-height-mobile="300"><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-iframe field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><iframe width="480" height="385" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wh5irtPFKkA" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe></div></div></div><div class="field__item"><div id="contact" class="paragraph paragraph--type--rich-text paragraph--view-mode--default"><div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>Contact</h2></div><div class="rich-text clearfix text-formatted field 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