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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Khatun of Northern Yuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khatun_of_Northern_Yuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manduchaj" title="Manduchaj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manduchaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manduchai" title="Manduchai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manduchai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandu%C4%A5aj_%C4%A4atun" title="Manduĥaj Ĥatun – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manduĥaj Ĥatun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun" title="Mandukhaï Khatun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mandukhaï Khatun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%91%90%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B9%B4%ED%88%B0" title="만두카이 카툰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만두카이 카툰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandukhai_Khatun" title="Mandukhai Khatun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mandukhai Khatun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%97%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מנדוחאי חאטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנדוחאי חאטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ماندوخاى خاتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماندوخاى خاتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мандухай сэцэн хатан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мандухай сэцэн хатан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%95%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%B3" title="マンドゥフイ・ハトゥン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンドゥフイ・ハトゥン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мандухай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мандухай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandukhai_Khatun" title="Mandukhai Khatun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mandukhai Khatun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="மந்துகை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மந்துகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandukhai" title="Mandukhai – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mandukhai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E9%83%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B1%AF" title="满都海哈屯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="满都海哈屯" data-language-autonym="中文" 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style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="mn:Мандухай сэцэн хатан">the corresponding article</a> in Mongolian</b>.  <i><small>(January 2020)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fmn.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&sl=mn&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Mongolian article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Mongolian Wikipedia article at [[:mn:Мандухай сэцэн хатан]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|mn|Мандухай сэцэн хатан}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mandukhai" title="Talk:Mandukhai">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Khatun of the Mongols</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mandukhai Khatan<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Khatun of the Mongols</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png/220px-St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png/330px-St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png/440px-St%C3%A8le_pour_Mandukha%C3%AF_Khatun.png 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">A stele dedicated to Mandukhai.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1449<br />Mongolia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1510<br />Mongolia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Khagan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manduul_Khan" title="Manduul Khan">Manduul Khan</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Dayan Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turbolad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turbolad (page does not exist)">Turbolad</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulusbolud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulusbolud (page does not exist)">Ulusbolud</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsubolud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsubolud (page does not exist)">Arsubolud</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bars_Bolud_Jinong" title="Bars Bolud Jinong">Barsbolud</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B6r%C3%B6ltu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Töröltu (page does not exist)">Töröltu</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ochirbolad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ochirbolad (page does not exist)">Ochirbolad</a><br /> </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alchubolud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alchubolud (page does not exist)">Alchubolud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Chorosbai chingsang</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Queen Mandukhai</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="/x/: 'ch' in 'loch'">x</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">Мандухай хатан</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈmaɴtʊ̥χæː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈχaʰtɴ̩]</a></span>), also fully known as <b>Wise Queen Mandukhai</b> (<span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn">Мандухай сэцэн хатан</span></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1449</span> – 1510) was a <a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">queen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan" title="Northern Yuan">Northern Yuan</a>. With her second husband <a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Batmunkh Dayan Khan</a>, she helped reunite the warring <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mandukhai was the only daughter of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chororsbai-Tumur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chororsbai-Tumur (page does not exist)">Chororsbai-Tumur</a>, <i>chingsang</i> (grand councillor) of the <a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a> Mongols in eastern Mongolia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010152_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010152-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her family were aristocrats. In 1464 at the age of sixteen, Mandukhai was married to <a href="/wiki/Manduul_Khan" title="Manduul Khan">Manduul Khan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010156_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010156-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who ruled the Northern Yuan from 1473 to 1479. Mandukhai began to take precedence over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yungen_Qabar-tu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yungen Qabar-tu (page does not exist)">Yungen Qabar-tu</a>, the khan's childless first wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010155–156_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010155–156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most sources report that Manduul Khan had no children, although two names are sometimes mentioned as daughters of Mandukhai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on their ages, it is possible they were in fact relatives of Manduul Khan, rather than daughters, and may have been cared for by Mandukhai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In approximately 1478 or 1479, Manduul Khan died under uncertain circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had no clear heir, leaving several Mongol princes struggling to succeed him as the Khan. His senior wife, Yeke Qabar-tu, disappeared, her fate unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mandukhai brought from hiding and adopted the seven-year-old orphan <a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Batumunkh</a>, son of the late Bayan Mongkhe <i>Jonon</i>, a direct descendant of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> and part of the <a href="/wiki/Altan_Urug" class="mw-redirect" title="Altan Urug">Altan Urug</a>, who had also been killed by Esmel (Ismail). As Batumunkh was the last living descendant of Genghis Khan, Mandukhai had him proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Dayan Khan</a>, and she rejected the marriage offer by Unubold, a powerful noble. However, Unubold, himself a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Hasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasar">Hasar</a>, a younger brother of Genghis Khan, remained loyal to Mandukhai and the child Khan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Khatun_of_Northern_Yuan">Khatun of Northern Yuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Khatun of Northern Yuan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With command over the Mongols, Mandukhai made war with the <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> and defeated them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her stunning victory over the Oirats brought back great reputation of the <a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigins</a> and united Mongolia for the first time in more than one hundred years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Yellow Chronicle of the Oirat</i>, a history of the Oirats, Mandukhai imposed the following symbolic laws upon the Oirats in order to mark her dominance over them:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220–221_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220–221-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Oirats could not wear helmets with crests more than two fingers long.</li> <li>They could not refer to their <i>ger</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Yurt" title="Yurt">yurt</a>, as an <i>ordon</i>, meaning <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a></li> <li>They had to kneel in the presence of a khan</li></ul> <p>The <i>Yellow Chronicle</i> also reports that the Oirats were prohibited to eat meat with knives after Mandukhai's conquest. Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Weatherford" title="Jack Weatherford">Jack Weatherford</a> considered such a prohibition unlikely to have been an actual law. He suggested that after the conquest, Mandukhai may have temporarily confiscated the weapons of the Oirats, including their knives. They would have had to tear at their meat with their teeth until they were permitted to carry weapons and knives again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Batumunkh turned nineteen, she married him and retained her control over the Mongols. The Oirats again rebelled and raided the Eastern Mongols. Mandukhai led the great army against them. She defeated several <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> attacks and protected the Northern Yuan, she wore the helmet and the sword and fought with the Ming soldiers. She was pregnant, but still fought and delivered twin boys during a long battle. The Western Mongols were subdued once again. </p><p>From 1480, Dayan Khan and Mandukhai increased the pressure on the Ming territory because they closed the border trade and killed a Northern Yuan envoy. To contain her, the Ming rapidly expanded the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall</a>. She reoccupied Ordos area and stationed soldiers there to keep watch on the Ming. She reenthroned Dayan Khan at the Eight White Yurts in Ordos but they had to flee a Ming attack. Mandukhai with Dayan Khan went to the <a href="/wiki/Kherlen_River" title="Kherlen River">Kherlen River</a> in 1501 though her husband continued raids on the Ming dynasty. </p><p>Mandukhai died by 1510. According to the most credible sources, Mandukhai died of natural causes, although there are legends that say she was killed by a Ming double agent or by one of her husband's concubines. The film <i>Queen Mandukhai the Wise</i> suggests that she was killed by the Mongol general Esmel (Ismail) who was a Ming spy. Esmel betrayed the Mongols and co-operated with the Ming army in order to attack and take over the Mongols. </p><p>However, none of these stories consists of credible sources. As with Genghis Khan and other Great Khans, it seems that her grave was never found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mandukhai married Manduul Khan and Dayan Khan. </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Manduul_Khan" title="Manduul Khan">Manduul Khan</a> <ol><li>Unknown Daughter</li> <li>Unknown Daughter</li></ol></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayan_Khan" title="Dayan Khan">Dayan Khan</a> <ol><li>Ulusbold</li> <li>Turbold</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barsubold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barsubold (page does not exist)">Barsubold</a></li> <li>Arusbold</li> <li>Alchubold</li> <li>Ochirbold</li> <li>Albold</li> <li>Töröltu</li></ol></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mandukhai managed to keep Dayan Khan in power as a descendant of Genghis Khan, and she defeated the Oirats. Both feats have contributed to the legends which formed about her life. </p><p>She left seven sons and three daughters. All the later khans and nobles of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> are her descendants, including Altan Khan and Ligden Khan. </p><p><i>Queen Mandukhai the Wise</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">Мандухай сэцэн хатан</span>, 1987) is a Mongolian film based on a novel of the same title by Shagdarjavyn Natsagdorj (1981); both recount her life. The music of the film was created by Jantsannorov Natsag who is one of the most famous Mongolian composers and musicologists. </p><p>Mandukhai's life is also fictionalized in the historical fiction <i>Fractured Empire Saga</i>, by Starr Z. Davies, published 2021-2022,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a four-book series: <i>Daughter of the Yellow Dragon</i>, <i>Lords of the Black Banner</i>, <i>Mother of the Blue Wolf</i>, <i>Empress of the Jade Realm</i>. </p><p>Mandukhai is also the primary protagonist of the historical novel <i>Manduchai - Die letzte Kriegerkönigin</i>, written by German Author Tanja Kinkel in 2014. The novel tells her life, and how she became the Khatun of her people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010152-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010152_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010156-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010156_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010155–156-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010155–156_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, pp. 155–156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010159_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010183_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010221_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220–221-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeatherford2010220–221_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeatherford2010">Weatherford 2010</a>, pp. 220–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fractured Empire Saga, by Starr Z. Davies, published 2021-2022</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavis-Kimball2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeannine_Davis-Kimball" title="Jeannine Davis-Kimball">Davis-Kimball, Jeannine</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorwomenarch00mona/page/226"><i>Warrior Women, An archaeologist's Search for History's Hidden Heroines</i></a></span>. Warner Books, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorwomenarch00mona/page/226">226-22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-52546-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-52546-4"><bdi>0-446-52546-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warrior+Women%2C+An+archaeologist%27s+Search+for+History%27s+Hidden+Heroines&rft.pages=226-22&rft.pub=Warner+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-446-52546-4&rft.aulast=Davis-Kimball&rft.aufirst=Jeannine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarriorwomenarch00mona%2Fpage%2F226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandukhai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherford2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Weatherford" title="Jack Weatherford">Weatherford, Jack</a> (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Mongol_Queens:_How_the_Daughters_of_Genghis_Khan_Rescued_His_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire">The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire</a></i>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40716-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40716-0"><bdi>978-0-307-40716-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+History+of+the+Mongol+Queens%3A+How+the+Daughters+of+Genghis+Khan+Rescued+His+Empire&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-40716-0&rft.aulast=Weatherford&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMandukhai" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299737#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000446197881">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4868010">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/314817174">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1761455/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcrbjCxqvW8PBfBHCMXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1058541617">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2002034152">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&oldid=1259037013">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandukhai&oldid=1259037013</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_women_rulers" title="Category:15th-century women rulers">15th-century women 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