CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-GB"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("http://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/","20221115123001","http://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1668515401"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions – Data analytics</title> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://fonts.googleapis.com/"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://s.w.org/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Data analytics » Feed" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Data analytics » Comments Feed" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/comments/feed/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Data analytics » GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions Comments Feed" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/feed/"/> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221115123001\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221115123001\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221115123001\/http:\/\/analytics.jiscinvolve.org\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.9.3"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([10084,65039,8205,55357,56613],[10084,65039,8203,55357,56613])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.9.3" media="all"/> <style id="global-styles-inline-css"> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--accent: #cd2653;--wp--preset--color--primary: #000000;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #6d6d6d;--wp--preset--color--subtle-background: #dcd7ca;--wp--preset--color--background: #f5efe0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 18px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 26.25px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 21px;--wp--preset--font-size--larger: 32px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="cookie-law-info-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/public/css/cookie-law-info-public.css?ver=2.0.9" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="cookie-law-info-gdpr-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/public/css/cookie-law-info-gdpr.css?ver=2.0.9" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="chld_thm_cfg_parent-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty/style.css?ver=5.9.3" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="custom-google-fonts-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A300%2C300i%2C400%2C400i%2C500%2C500i&display=swap&ver=5.9.3" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="twentytwenty-style-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/style.css?ver=1.0.1" media="all"/> <style id="twentytwenty-style-inline-css"> .color-accent,.color-accent-hover:hover,.color-accent-hover:focus,:root .has-accent-color,.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter,.wp-block-button.is-style-outline,a { color: #cd2653; }blockquote,.border-color-accent,.border-color-accent-hover:hover,.border-color-accent-hover:focus { border-color: #cd2653; }button:not(.toggle),.button,.faux-button,.wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.bg-accent,.bg-accent-hover:hover,.bg-accent-hover:focus,:root .has-accent-background-color,.comment-reply-link { background-color: #cd2653; }.fill-children-accent,.fill-children-accent * { fill: #cd2653; }body,.entry-title a,:root .has-primary-color { color: #000000; }:root .has-primary-background-color { background-color: #000000; }cite,figcaption,.wp-caption-text,.post-meta,.entry-content .wp-block-archives li,.entry-content .wp-block-categories li,.entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts li,.wp-block-latest-comments__comment-date,.wp-block-latest-posts__post-date,.wp-block-embed figcaption,.wp-block-image figcaption,.wp-block-pullquote cite,.comment-metadata,.comment-respond .comment-notes,.comment-respond .logged-in-as,.pagination .dots,.entry-content hr:not(.has-background),hr.styled-separator,:root .has-secondary-color { color: #6d6d6d; }:root .has-secondary-background-color { background-color: #6d6d6d; }pre,fieldset,input,textarea,table,table *,hr { border-color: #dcd7ca; }caption,code,code,kbd,samp,.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes tbody tr:nth-child(odd),:root .has-subtle-background-background-color { background-color: #dcd7ca; }.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes { border-bottom-color: #dcd7ca; }.wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid li { border-top-color: #dcd7ca; }:root .has-subtle-background-color { color: #dcd7ca; }body:not(.overlay-header) .primary-menu > li > a,body:not(.overlay-header) .primary-menu > li > .icon,.modal-menu a,.footer-menu a, .footer-widgets a,#site-footer .wp-block-button.is-style-outline,.wp-block-pullquote:before,.singular:not(.overlay-header) .entry-header a,.archive-header a,.header-footer-group .color-accent,.header-footer-group .color-accent-hover:hover { color: #cd2653; }.social-icons a,#site-footer button:not(.toggle),#site-footer .button,#site-footer .faux-button,#site-footer .wp-block-button__link,#site-footer .wp-block-file__button,#site-footer input[type="button"],#site-footer input[type="reset"],#site-footer input[type="submit"] { background-color: #cd2653; }.header-footer-group,body:not(.overlay-header) #site-header .toggle,.menu-modal .toggle { color: #000000; }body:not(.overlay-header) .primary-menu ul { background-color: #000000; }body:not(.overlay-header) .primary-menu > li > ul:after { border-bottom-color: #000000; }body:not(.overlay-header) .primary-menu ul ul:after { border-left-color: #000000; }.site-description,body:not(.overlay-header) .toggle-inner .toggle-text,.widget .post-date,.widget .rss-date,.widget_archive li,.widget_categories li,.widget cite,.widget_pages li,.widget_meta li,.widget_nav_menu li,.powered-by-wordpress,.to-the-top,.singular .entry-header .post-meta,.singular:not(.overlay-header) .entry-header .post-meta a { color: #6d6d6d; }.header-footer-group pre,.header-footer-group fieldset,.header-footer-group input,.header-footer-group textarea,.header-footer-group table,.header-footer-group table *,.footer-nav-widgets-wrapper,#site-footer,.menu-modal nav *,.footer-widgets-outer-wrapper,.footer-top { border-color: #dcd7ca; }.header-footer-group table caption,body:not(.overlay-header) .header-inner .toggle-wrapper::before { background-color: #dcd7ca; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="twentytwenty-print-style-css" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001cs_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty/print.css?ver=1.0.1" media="print"/> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"cookielist":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"ccpaType":"gdpr","js_blocking":"","custom_integration":"","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; var cli_cookiebar_settings = {"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#FFF","border":"#b1a6a6c2","border_on":"","button_1_button_colour":"#61a229","button_1_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_1_link_colour":"#fff","button_1_as_button":"1","button_1_new_win":"","button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#444","button_2_as_button":"","button_2_hidebar":"","button_3_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_3_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_3_link_colour":"#333333","button_3_as_button":"1","button_3_new_win":"","button_4_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_4_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_4_link_colour":"#333333","button_4_as_button":"1","button_7_button_colour":"#61a229","button_7_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_7_link_colour":"#fff","button_7_as_button":"1","button_7_new_win":"","font_family":"inherit","header_fix":"","notify_animate_hide":"1","notify_animate_show":"","notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"right","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":"","scroll_close_reload":"","accept_close_reload":"","reject_close_reload":"","showagain_tab":"","showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#333333","show_once_yn":"","show_once":"10000","logging_on":"","as_popup":"","popup_overlay":"1","bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left"}; var log_object = {"ajax_url":"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221115123001\/https:\/\/analytics.jiscinvolve.org\/wp\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=2.0.9" id="cookie-law-info-js"></script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/wpo365-login/apps/dist/pintra-redirect.js?ver=20.2" id="pintraredirectjs-js" async></script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty/assets/js/index.js?ver=1.0.1" id="twentytwenty-js-js" async></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/2209"/><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"/> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.9.3"/> <link rel="canonical" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/?p=2209"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fanalytics.jiscinvolve.org%2Fwp%2F2018%2F06%2F01%2Fgdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions%2F"/> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( 'no-js', 'js' );</script> <style>.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-376728-3']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ssl' : 'http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-2209 single-format-standard wp-embed-responsive do-etfw singular enable-search-modal missing-post-thumbnail has-single-pagination showing-comments show-avatars footer-top-visible"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#site-content">Skip to the content</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-dark-grayscale"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0 0.49803921568627"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 0.49803921568627"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0 0.49803921568627"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-grayscale"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-purple-yellow"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0.54901960784314 0.98823529411765"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0.71764705882353 0.25490196078431"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-blue-red"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 0.27843137254902"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0.5921568627451 0.27843137254902"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-midnight"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0 0"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 0.64705882352941"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-magenta-yellow"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0.78039215686275 1"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 0.94901960784314"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0.35294117647059 0.47058823529412"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-purple-green"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0.65098039215686 0.40392156862745"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 1"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0.44705882352941 0.4"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 0 0" width="0" height="0" focusable="false" role="none" style="visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: -9999px; overflow: hidden;"><defs><filter id="wp-duotone-blue-orange"><fecolormatrix color-interpolation-filters="sRGB" type="matrix" values=" .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 .299 .587 .114 0 0 "/><fecomponenttransfer color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><fefuncr type="table" tablevalues="0.098039215686275 1"/><fefuncg type="table" tablevalues="0 0.66274509803922"/><fefuncb type="table" tablevalues="0.84705882352941 0.41960784313725"/><fefunca type="table" tablevalues="1 1"/></fecomponenttransfer><fecomposite in2="SourceGraphic" operator="in"/></filter></defs></svg> <header id="site-header" class="header-footer-group" role="banner"> <div class="header-inner section-inner"> <div class="header-titles-wrapper"> <button class="toggle search-toggle mobile-search-toggle" data-toggle-target=".search-modal" data-toggle-body-class="showing-search-modal" data-set-focus=".search-modal .search-field" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="toggle-inner"> <span class="toggle-icon"> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23" height="23" viewbox="0 0 23 23"><path d="M38.710696,48.0601792 L43,52.3494831 L41.3494831,54 L37.0601792,49.710696 C35.2632422,51.1481185 32.9839107,52.0076499 30.5038249,52.0076499 C24.7027226,52.0076499 20,47.3049272 20,41.5038249 C20,35.7027226 24.7027226,31 30.5038249,31 C36.3049272,31 41.0076499,35.7027226 41.0076499,41.5038249 C41.0076499,43.9839107 40.1481185,46.2632422 38.710696,48.0601792 Z M36.3875844,47.1716785 C37.8030221,45.7026647 38.6734666,43.7048964 38.6734666,41.5038249 C38.6734666,36.9918565 35.0157934,33.3341833 30.5038249,33.3341833 C25.9918565,33.3341833 22.3341833,36.9918565 22.3341833,41.5038249 C22.3341833,46.0157934 25.9918565,49.6734666 30.5038249,49.6734666 C32.7048964,49.6734666 34.7026647,48.8030221 36.1716785,47.3875844 C36.2023931,47.347638 36.2360451,47.3092237 36.2726343,47.2726343 C36.3092237,47.2360451 36.347638,47.2023931 36.3875844,47.1716785 Z" transform="translate(-20 -31)"/></svg> </span> <span class="toggle-text">Search</span> </span> </button> <a class="jisc-logo-link" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/" title="Go to the Jisc homepage"> <img class="jisc-logo-img" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/themes/twentytwenty-child/RGB-for-Digital_JPG_Jisc-Sq-Logo-2018-RGB-for-Digital-800px.jpg" alt="Jisc"/> </a> <div class="header-titles"> <div class="site-title faux-heading"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/">Data analytics</a></div><div class="site-description">Using data and analytics to support students</div> </div> <button class="toggle nav-toggle mobile-nav-toggle" data-toggle-target=".menu-modal" data-toggle-body-class="showing-menu-modal" aria-expanded="false" data-set-focus=".close-nav-toggle"> <span class="toggle-inner"> <span class="toggle-icon"> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="26" height="7" viewbox="0 0 26 7"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M332.5,45 C330.567003,45 329,43.4329966 329,41.5 C329,39.5670034 330.567003,38 332.5,38 C334.432997,38 336,39.5670034 336,41.5 C336,43.4329966 334.432997,45 332.5,45 Z M342,45 C340.067003,45 338.5,43.4329966 338.5,41.5 C338.5,39.5670034 340.067003,38 342,38 C343.932997,38 345.5,39.5670034 345.5,41.5 C345.5,43.4329966 343.932997,45 342,45 Z M351.5,45 C349.567003,45 348,43.4329966 348,41.5 C348,39.5670034 349.567003,38 351.5,38 C353.432997,38 355,39.5670034 355,41.5 C355,43.4329966 353.432997,45 351.5,45 Z" transform="translate(-329 -38)"/></svg> </span> <span class="toggle-text">Menu</span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="header-navigation-wrapper"> <nav class="primary-menu-wrapper" aria-label="Horizontal" role="navigation"> <ul class="primary-menu reset-list-style"> <li id="menu-item-1187" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1187"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/">Home</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header-toggles hide-no-js"> <div class="toggle-wrapper search-toggle-wrapper"> <button class="toggle search-toggle desktop-search-toggle" data-toggle-target=".search-modal" data-toggle-body-class="showing-search-modal" data-set-focus=".search-modal .search-field" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="toggle-inner"> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23" height="23" viewbox="0 0 23 23"><path d="M38.710696,48.0601792 L43,52.3494831 L41.3494831,54 L37.0601792,49.710696 C35.2632422,51.1481185 32.9839107,52.0076499 30.5038249,52.0076499 C24.7027226,52.0076499 20,47.3049272 20,41.5038249 C20,35.7027226 24.7027226,31 30.5038249,31 C36.3049272,31 41.0076499,35.7027226 41.0076499,41.5038249 C41.0076499,43.9839107 40.1481185,46.2632422 38.710696,48.0601792 Z M36.3875844,47.1716785 C37.8030221,45.7026647 38.6734666,43.7048964 38.6734666,41.5038249 C38.6734666,36.9918565 35.0157934,33.3341833 30.5038249,33.3341833 C25.9918565,33.3341833 22.3341833,36.9918565 22.3341833,41.5038249 C22.3341833,46.0157934 25.9918565,49.6734666 30.5038249,49.6734666 C32.7048964,49.6734666 34.7026647,48.8030221 36.1716785,47.3875844 C36.2023931,47.347638 36.2360451,47.3092237 36.2726343,47.2726343 C36.3092237,47.2360451 36.347638,47.2023931 36.3875844,47.1716785 Z" transform="translate(-20 -31)"/></svg> <span class="toggle-text">Search</span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-modal cover-modal header-footer-group" data-modal-target-string=".search-modal"> <div class="search-modal-inner modal-inner"> <div class="section-inner"> <form role="search" aria-label="Search for:" method="get" class="search-form" action="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/"> <label for="search-form-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-form-1" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"/> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"/> </form> <button class="toggle search-untoggle close-search-toggle fill-children-current-color" data-toggle-target=".search-modal" data-toggle-body-class="showing-search-modal" data-set-focus=".search-modal .search-field" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close search</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16"><polygon fill="" fill-rule="evenodd" points="6.852 7.649 .399 1.195 1.445 .149 7.899 6.602 14.352 .149 15.399 1.195 8.945 7.649 15.399 14.102 14.352 15.149 7.899 8.695 1.445 15.149 .399 14.102"/></svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="menu-modal cover-modal header-footer-group" data-modal-target-string=".menu-modal"> <div class="menu-modal-inner modal-inner"> <div class="menu-wrapper section-inner"> <div class="menu-top"> <button class="toggle close-nav-toggle fill-children-current-color" data-toggle-target=".menu-modal" data-toggle-body-class="showing-menu-modal" aria-expanded="false" data-set-focus=".menu-modal"> <span class="toggle-text">Close Menu</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewbox="0 0 16 16"><polygon fill="" fill-rule="evenodd" points="6.852 7.649 .399 1.195 1.445 .149 7.899 6.602 14.352 .149 15.399 1.195 8.945 7.649 15.399 14.102 14.352 15.149 7.899 8.695 1.445 15.149 .399 14.102"/></svg> </button> <nav class="mobile-menu" aria-label="Mobile" role="navigation"> <ul class="modal-menu reset-list-style"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1187"><div class="ancestor-wrapper"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/">Home</a></div></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="menu-bottom"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="site-content" role="main"> <article class="post-2209 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-legal-issues" id="post-2209"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <div class="entry-categories"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Categories</span> <div class="entry-categories-inner"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/legal-issues/" rel="category tag">Legal Issues</a> </div> </div> <h1 class="entry-title">GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions</h1> <div class="post-meta-wrapper post-meta-single post-meta-single-top"> <ul class="post-meta"> <li class="post-author meta-wrapper"> <span class="meta-icon"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Post author</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="20" viewbox="0 0 18 20"><path fill="" d="M18,19 C18,19.5522847 17.5522847,20 17,20 C16.4477153,20 16,19.5522847 16,19 L16,17 C16,15.3431458 14.6568542,14 13,14 L5,14 C3.34314575,14 2,15.3431458 2,17 L2,19 C2,19.5522847 1.55228475,20 1,20 C0.44771525,20 0,19.5522847 0,19 L0,17 C0,14.2385763 2.23857625,12 5,12 L13,12 C15.7614237,12 18,14.2385763 18,17 L18,19 Z M9,10 C6.23857625,10 4,7.76142375 4,5 C4,2.23857625 6.23857625,0 9,0 C11.7614237,0 14,2.23857625 14,5 C14,7.76142375 11.7614237,10 9,10 Z M9,8 C10.6568542,8 12,6.65685425 12,5 C12,3.34314575 10.6568542,2 9,2 C7.34314575,2 6,3.34314575 6,5 C6,6.65685425 7.34314575,8 9,8 Z"/></svg> </span> <span class="meta-text"> By <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/author/nsclater/">Niall Sclater</a> </span> </li> <li class="post-date meta-wrapper"> <span class="meta-icon"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Post date</span> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="18" height="19" viewbox="0 0 18 19"><path fill="" d="M4.60069444,4.09375 L3.25,4.09375 C2.47334957,4.09375 1.84375,4.72334957 1.84375,5.5 L1.84375,7.26736111 L16.15625,7.26736111 L16.15625,5.5 C16.15625,4.72334957 15.5266504,4.09375 14.75,4.09375 L13.3993056,4.09375 L13.3993056,4.55555556 C13.3993056,5.02154581 13.0215458,5.39930556 12.5555556,5.39930556 C12.0895653,5.39930556 11.7118056,5.02154581 11.7118056,4.55555556 L11.7118056,4.09375 L6.28819444,4.09375 L6.28819444,4.55555556 C6.28819444,5.02154581 5.9104347,5.39930556 5.44444444,5.39930556 C4.97845419,5.39930556 4.60069444,5.02154581 4.60069444,4.55555556 L4.60069444,4.09375 Z M6.28819444,2.40625 L11.7118056,2.40625 L11.7118056,1 C11.7118056,0.534009742 12.0895653,0.15625 12.5555556,0.15625 C13.0215458,0.15625 13.3993056,0.534009742 13.3993056,1 L13.3993056,2.40625 L14.75,2.40625 C16.4586309,2.40625 17.84375,3.79136906 17.84375,5.5 L17.84375,15.875 C17.84375,17.5836309 16.4586309,18.96875 14.75,18.96875 L3.25,18.96875 C1.54136906,18.96875 0.15625,17.5836309 0.15625,15.875 L0.15625,5.5 C0.15625,3.79136906 1.54136906,2.40625 3.25,2.40625 L4.60069444,2.40625 L4.60069444,1 C4.60069444,0.534009742 4.97845419,0.15625 5.44444444,0.15625 C5.9104347,0.15625 6.28819444,0.534009742 6.28819444,1 L6.28819444,2.40625 Z M1.84375,8.95486111 L1.84375,15.875 C1.84375,16.6516504 2.47334957,17.28125 3.25,17.28125 L14.75,17.28125 C15.5266504,17.28125 16.15625,16.6516504 16.15625,15.875 L16.15625,8.95486111 L1.84375,8.95486111 Z"/></svg> </span> <span class="meta-text"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/">June 1, 2018</a> </span> </li> <li class="post-comment-link meta-wrapper"> <span class="meta-icon"> <svg class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19" height="19" viewbox="0 0 19 19"><path d="M9.43016863,13.2235931 C9.58624731,13.094699 9.7823475,13.0241935 9.98476849,13.0241935 L15.0564516,13.0241935 C15.8581553,13.0241935 16.5080645,12.3742843 16.5080645,11.5725806 L16.5080645,3.44354839 C16.5080645,2.64184472 15.8581553,1.99193548 15.0564516,1.99193548 L3.44354839,1.99193548 C2.64184472,1.99193548 1.99193548,2.64184472 1.99193548,3.44354839 L1.99193548,11.5725806 C1.99193548,12.3742843 2.64184472,13.0241935 3.44354839,13.0241935 L5.76612903,13.0241935 C6.24715123,13.0241935 6.63709677,13.4141391 6.63709677,13.8951613 L6.63709677,15.5301903 L9.43016863,13.2235931 Z M3.44354839,14.766129 C1.67980032,14.766129 0.25,13.3363287 0.25,11.5725806 L0.25,3.44354839 C0.25,1.67980032 1.67980032,0.25 3.44354839,0.25 L15.0564516,0.25 C16.8201997,0.25 18.25,1.67980032 18.25,3.44354839 L18.25,11.5725806 C18.25,13.3363287 16.8201997,14.766129 15.0564516,14.766129 L10.2979143,14.766129 L6.32072889,18.0506004 C5.75274472,18.5196577 4.89516129,18.1156602 4.89516129,17.3790323 L4.89516129,14.766129 L3.44354839,14.766129 Z"/></svg> </span> <span class="meta-text"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comments">3 Comments<span class="screen-reader-text"> on GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions</span></a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner thin "> <div class="entry-content"> <p>Universities and colleges are understandably concerned about the European <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.eugdpr.org/">General Data Protection Regulation</a> and its impact on their processes. There is quite a lot of uncertainty about how the new legislation applies to learning analytics initiatives. We believe it is perfectly possible to carry out learning analytics in the interests of students while complying with the new legislation, though careful consideration needs to be given to various issues such as whether and when to ask students for consent.</p> <p>The following is our attempt to answer some of the main questions that have been cropping up in this area. My thanks to <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/staff/andrew-cormack">Andrew Cormack</a> who has provided his useful detailed feedback on my initial drafts, much of which were based on his earlier work, and to <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/staff/paul-bailey">Paul Bailey</a> for further helpful comments.</p> <p>Please let me know if any of these issues remain unclear or if you think there are additional important issues relating to GDPR and learning analytics which need to be clarified.</p> <p><strong>Q1. Should we ask students for their consent to <em>collect</em> their data for learning analytics?</strong></p> <p>Much of the data used for learning analytics is being collected anyway and may be necessary for providing students’ education or for statistical purposes e.g. date of birth, gender, prior qualifications, modules studied, grades and use of IT facilities.</p> <p>Often it’s not possible to opt out of collecting such data so asking for students’ consent is not meaningful and would not be acceptable under GDPR.</p> <p>You must ensure though that the collection is justified under one of the <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/">lawful bases for processing</a> provided by GDPR such as it being a legal obligation, in your institution’s legitimate interests or necessary to fulfil your contractual obligations with the student.</p> <p>If you’re collecting data specifically for learning analytics such as asking students how much time they’re spending studying you must ensure that the students have consented to this.</p> <p>Also, if you plan to collect <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> (e.g. ethnic origin) you must first obtain the consent of your students.</p> <p><strong>Q2. Should we ask students for their consent to carry out learning analytics on their data?</strong></p> <p>The UK <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/">Information Commissioner’s Office</a> is clear that organisations should avoid over-reliance on consent as a justification for data processing and that it’s often better to use a different lawful basis.</p> <p>Reasons why you should <em>not</em> normally ask students for their consent to carry out learning analytics on their data include:</p> <ol> <li>Using a justification such as “legitimate interests” for the processing of student data provides students with better safeguards than using consent. In this case the institution takes on the burden of ensuring that all such processing is done in ways, and subject to policies, that minimise the risk to individual students.</li> <li>If consent is requested you freeze the activities to which it can apply: new types of analysis cannot be added if they were not envisaged at the time consent was obtained.</li> <li>Enabling students to opt out of data collection may create ‘holes’ in the data set which reduce the effectiveness of learning analytics and disadvantage students overall.</li> </ol> <p>There are however two exceptions to this where students’ consent must be obtained:</p> <ol> <li>Where <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> is used</li> <li>When you take interventions with individual students on the basis of their analytics.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Q3. Should we ask students for their consent to take personal interventions with them as a result of learning analytics?</strong></p> <p>The analytics may for example suggest that a student is at academic risk. Initial contact with the student can be justified under the legitimate interests of the institution however when you intend to carry out an intervention on the basis of this data then, yes, you do need to request the student’s consent. Examples might include:</p> <ul> <li>An email to the student (justified under legitimate interests) which offers an informed choice of whether to attend an extra class (the intervention to which they would need to give their consent)</li> <li>Discussion in a routine tutorial meeting (legitimate interests), suggesting that an extra class could be helpful (consent).</li> </ul> <p><strong>Q4. When should consent be obtained from students to collect and use their data?</strong></p> <p>We recommend that consent is sought at the point where <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> is collected or at the point where an intervention is offered. Requesting consent from students to collect and use their data for learning analytics on their first day of study as part of registration processes is unlikely to be legally valid and could result in incomplete, and hence less useful, data sets.</p> <p><strong>Q5. How should we ask students for their consent?</strong></p> <p>The requirements of GDPR for requesting consent include:</p> <ol> <li>Consent requests should be kept separate from other terms and conditions.</li> <li>Clear and specific information must be given to the students about what they are consenting to.</li> <li>Students should be informed of any third party data controllers who will rely on the consent.</li> <li>The consequences of either providing or withholding their consent must be made clear.</li> <li>Clear, affirmative action is required by the student; the use of pre-ticked boxes would not be acceptable.</li> <li>Students have the right to withdraw their consent at any time so mechanisms must be put in place to enable them to do so easily – with the consequent removal of their <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> from all databases or withholding of any interventions.</li> <li>You should keep records of any granting, withholding or withdrawal of consent by students.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Q6. What happens if a student doesn’t consent to the collection or use of their data for learning analytics?</strong></p> <p>Students should normally <em>only</em> be asked for consent if <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> is collected or used or if interventions are to be taken with them (e.g. being phoned by a tutor).</p> <p>If the student refuses to provide Special Category Data then it clearly can’t be collected or processed in any way, while if they refuse the particular interventions offered then they should not be subject to them.</p> <p><strong>Q7. What should we tell students?</strong></p> <p>Complete transparency about the processes of learning analytics, the data used etc. is important to ensure legal compliance as well as acceptance by staff and students. We’ve produced a <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2016/11/Jisc-Model-Student-Guide-to-Learning-Analytics-v0.1.pdf">model student guide to learning analytics</a> and a <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2016/11/Jisc-Model-Institutional-Learning-Analytics-Policy-v0.1.pdf">model institutional learning analytics policy</a> which can be adapted for institutional use and discussed in relevant committees with student representation.</p> <p>You should provide additional information to students when inviting them to provide <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/">Special Category Data</a> or when seeking their consent to carry out interventions based on learning analytics. See the response to <strong>How should we ask students for their consent?</strong> for suggestions on what additional information to provide.</p> <p><strong>Q8. Is learning analytics <em>automated decision making</em> as defined under the GDPR?</strong></p> <p>The GDPR protects individuals from solely automated decision making (i.e. ones without any human involvement) that has legal or similarly significant effects on them. Most instances of learning analytics would not fall into this category. Significant decisions should be taken by humans, who could potentially use learning analytics to help inform the decisions.</p> <p><strong>Q9. Is learning analytics <em>profiling</em> as defined under the GDPR?</strong></p> <p>Profiling is <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www.privacy-regulation.eu/en/dossier_profiling_demo.htm">defined</a> as</p> <blockquote><p>any form of automated processing of personal data consisting of the use of personal data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning that natural person’s performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences, interests, reliability, behaviour, location or movements</p></blockquote> <p>Many applications of learning analytics, including the identification of at-risk students, would come under this definition. Profiling is considered a type of automated decision-making so, if it has legal or similarly significant consequences, it is regulated in the same way as automated decision making.</p> <p>Ensuring that humans are involved in decisions with significant consequences for individual students will help to ensure compliance with GDPR.</p> <p><strong>Q10. Lecturers and tutors have always known about students who are at academic risk and been able to intervene: isn’t learning analytics may just be supplementing what we did anyway so why should we have to do things differently?</strong></p> <p>The GDPR is concerned with personal data. If a student’s data is used to inform interventions then this does require the student’s consent, even if the data is basically confirming what the lecturer or tutor already knows.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section-inner"> <div class="author-bio"> <div class="author-title-wrapper"> <div class="author-avatar vcard"> <img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/ecea1bcf617c353827d2aacf5cab98b4?s=160&d=mm&r=g" srcset="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/ecea1bcf617c353827d2aacf5cab98b4?s=320&d=mm&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-160 photo" height="160" width="160" loading="lazy"/> </div> <h2 class="author-title heading-size-4"> By Niall Sclater </h2> </div> <div class="author-description"> <p>Niall Sclater is Consultant and Director at <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://sclater.com/">Sclater Digital Ltd</a> and is currently carrying out work for Jisc in Learning Analytics.</p> <a class="author-link" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/author/nsclater/" rel="author"> View Archive <span aria-hidden="true">→</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="pagination-single section-inner" aria-label="Post" role="navigation"> <hr class="styled-separator is-style-wide" aria-hidden="true"/> <div class="pagination-single-inner"> <a class="previous-post" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/05/10/14th-uk-learning-analytics-network-meeting-university-of-gloucestershire-cheltenham-12-june-2018/"> <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">←</span> <span class="title"><span class="title-inner">14th UK Learning Analytics Network meeting, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham 12 June 2018</span></span> </a> <a class="next-post" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/07/05/notes-and-presentations-from-the-14th-learning-analytics-network-meeting-at-the-university-of-gloucestershire-in-cheltenham/"> <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">→</span> <span class="title"><span class="title-inner">Notes and presentations from the 14th Learning Analytics Network meeting at the University of Gloucestershire in Cheltenham</span></span> </a> </div> <hr class="styled-separator is-style-wide" aria-hidden="true"/> </nav> <div class="comments-wrapper section-inner"> <div class="comments" id="comments"> <div class="comments-header section-inner small max-percentage"> <h2 class="comment-reply-title"> 3 replies on “GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions” </h2> </div> <div class="comments-inner section-inner thin max-percentage"> <div id="comment-239" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-239" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.ulster.ac.uk/" rel="external nofollow" class="url"><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/2972ba29db0fbf3bd0695b70efe1559b?s=120&d=mm&r=g" class="avatar avatar-120 photo" height="120" width="120" loading="lazy"/><span class="fn">Brian Murphy</span><span class="screen-reader-text says">says:</span></a> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-239"> <time datetime="2018-06-19T13:32:52+01:00" title="June 19, 2018 at 1:32 pm"> June 19, 2018 at 1:32 pm </time> </a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content entry-content"> <p>The most helpful and practical guidance on Learning Analytics and GDPR I have found to date.</p> </div> <footer class="comment-footer-meta"> <span class="comment-reply"><a rel="nofollow" class="do-not-scroll comment-reply-link" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/?replytocom=239#respond" data-commentid="239" data-postid="2209" data-belowelement="div-comment-239" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Brian Murphy" aria-label="Reply to Brian Murphy">Reply</a></span> </footer> </article> </div> <div id="comment-240" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1 parent"> <article id="div-comment-240" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.ulster.ac.uk/home" rel="external nofollow" class="url"><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/2972ba29db0fbf3bd0695b70efe1559b?s=120&d=mm&r=g" class="avatar avatar-120 photo" height="120" width="120" loading="lazy"/><span class="fn">Brian Murphy</span><span class="screen-reader-text says">says:</span></a> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-240"> <time datetime="2018-06-19T15:46:05+01:00" title="June 19, 2018 at 3:46 pm"> June 19, 2018 at 3:46 pm </time> </a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content entry-content"> <p>Universities are required to collect Special Category data for Widening Access and Equality regulation, of statutory reporting and quality enhancement for all students. This normally happens under general consent at registration. If any one of these – such as gender – is used for Learning Analytics, is the process GDPR compliant under the general consent and acceptable usage statement that student enrol on.</p> </div> <footer class="comment-footer-meta"> <span class="comment-reply"><a rel="nofollow" class="do-not-scroll comment-reply-link" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/?replytocom=240#respond" data-commentid="240" data-postid="2209" data-belowelement="div-comment-240" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Brian Murphy" aria-label="Reply to Brian Murphy">Reply</a></span> </footer> </article> <div id="comment-248" class="comment byuser comment-author-nsclater bypostauthor even depth-2"> <article id="div-comment-248" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www.sclater.com/" rel="external nofollow" class="url"><img alt="" src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/ecea1bcf617c353827d2aacf5cab98b4?s=120&d=mm&r=g" class="avatar avatar-120 photo" height="120" width="120" loading="lazy"/><span class="fn">Niall Sclater</span><span class="screen-reader-text says">says:</span></a> </div> <div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-248"> <time datetime="2018-09-04T10:22:37+01:00" title="September 4, 2018 at 10:22 am"> September 4, 2018 at 10:22 am </time> </a> </div> </footer> <div class="comment-content entry-content"> <p>Hi Brian<br/> Our understanding of the legislation is that, yes, you would need to request specific consent from students if you are going to use any Special Category Data for the purposes of learning analytics.</p> </div> <footer class="comment-footer-meta"> <span class="comment-reply"><a rel="nofollow" class="do-not-scroll comment-reply-link" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/?replytocom=248#respond" data-commentid="248" data-postid="2209" data-belowelement="div-comment-248" data-respondelement="respond" data-replyto="Reply to Niall Sclater" aria-label="Reply to Niall Sclater">Reply</a></span><span class="by-post-author">By Post Author</span> </footer> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="styled-separator is-style-wide" aria-hidden="true"/> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h2 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/web/20221115123001/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a></small></h2><form action="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="section-inner thin max-percentage" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message" aria-hidden="true">Required fields are marked <span class="required" aria-hidden="true">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment"><label for="comment">Comment <span class="required" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label> <textarea id="comment" name="comment" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" required></textarea></p><p style="clear: both;" class="subscribe-to-comments"> <input type="checkbox" name="subscribe" id="subscribe" value="subscribe" style="width: auto;"/> <label for="subscribe">Notify me of followup comments via e-mail</label> </p><p class="comment-form-author"><label for="author">Name <span class="required" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label> <input id="author" name="author" type="text" value="" size="30" maxlength="245" required/></p> <p class="comment-form-email"><label for="email">Email <span class="required" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label> <input id="email" name="email" type="email" value="" size="30" maxlength="100" aria-describedby="email-notes" required/></p> <p class="comment-form-url"><label for="url">Website</label> <input id="url" name="url" type="url" value="" size="30" maxlength="200"/></p> <span class="cerber-form-marker"></span><div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LcdhdoSAAAAALN7icTu30D0gJc0eDE78zmS07rq" data-callback="form_button_enabler" id="cerber-recaptcha"></div><p class="form-submit"><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" class="submit" value="Post Comment"/> <input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="2209" id="comment_post_ID"/> <input type="hidden" name="comment_parent" id="comment_parent" value="0"/> </p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="de57800948"/></p><p style="display: none !important;"><label>Δ<textarea name="ak_hp_textarea" cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="100"></textarea></label><input type="hidden" id="ak_js_1" name="ak_js" value="246"/><script>document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );</script></p></form> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widgets-wrapper"> <div class="footer-widgets column-one grid-item"> <div class="widget widget_search"><div class="widget-content"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/"> <label for="search-form-2"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-form-2" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s"/> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search"/> </form> </div></div><div class="widget widget_text"><div class="widget-content"><h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Resources</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/6916/1/student-wellbeing-and-mental-health-the-opportunities-in-learning-analytics.pdf"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2018/07/student-well-being.jpg"><br/>Student wellbeing and mental health: the opportunities in learning analytics</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://repository.jisc.ac.uk/6703/"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2018/01/strategic-approaches.jpg"><br/>Strategic approaches to learning analytics in UK higher education</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://ji.sc/learning-analytics-and-student-success"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/01/learning-analytics-and-student-success.jpg"><br/>Learning analytics and student success: assessing the evidence</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/learning-analytics-in-higher-education"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2016/04/learning-analytics-in-higher-education.jpg"><br/>Review of UK and international practice</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/code-of-practice-for-learning-analytics"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2015/06/CoP1.jpg"><br/>Code of Practice</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5661/1/Learning_Analytics_A-_Literature_Review.pdf"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2014/12/literature-review-cover-thumb.png" title="Code of practice for learning analytics: a literature review of the ethical and legal issues"><br/>Literature review</a></p> <p><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://repository.jisc.ac.uk/5657/1/Learning_analytics_report.pdf"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001im_/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2014/12/learning-analytics-report-thumb.png" title="Learning analytics: the current state of play in UK higher and further education"><br/>State of play</a></p> </div> </div></div> <div class="widget widget_recent_entries"><div class="widget-content"> <h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/10/26/how-to-blend-multiple-data-sources-together-in-heidi-plus/">How to: blend multiple data sources together in Heidi Plus</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/09/27/next-generation-kef-dashboards-offer-further-insight-into-higher-education-knowledge-exchange/">Next generation KEF dashboards offer further insight into higher education knowledge exchange</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/09/23/how-to-use-sets-in-heidi-plus-for-overlapping-benchmark-groups-and-departments/">How to: use sets in Heidi Plus for overlapping benchmark groups and departments</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/08/26/be-a-part-of-our-next-product-co-design-for-the-sector/">Be a part of our next product co-design for the sector</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/08/24/the-discovery-tool-elevating-students-digital-skills-to-the-next-level/">The Discovery tool – elevating students’ digital skills to the next level</a> </li> </ul> </div></div><div class="widget widget_recent_comments"><div class="widget-content"><h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Recent Comments</h2><ul id="recentcomments"><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://learnerscript.com/" rel="external nofollow ugc" class="url">Abdul Rub</a></span> on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/10/03/engagement-reporting-tools-for-blackboard-and-moodle/#comment-342">Engagement reporting tools for Blackboard and Moodle</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www.sclater.com/" rel="external nofollow ugc" class="url">Niall Sclater</a></span> on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-248">GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link">Stewart Green</span> on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/26/planning-interventions-with-at-risk-students/#comment-243">Planning interventions with at-risk students</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.ulster.ac.uk/home" rel="external nofollow ugc" class="url">Brian Murphy</a></span> on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-240">GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li class="recentcomments"><span class="comment-author-link"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.ulster.ac.uk/" rel="external nofollow ugc" class="url">Brian Murphy</a></span> on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/01/gdpr-and-learning-analytics-frequently-asked-questions/#comment-239">GDPR and Learning Analytics – Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="widget widget_archive"><div class="widget-content"><h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/10/">October 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/09/">September 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/08/">August 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/07/">July 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/06/">June 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/05/">May 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2022/03/">March 2022</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/10/">October 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/09/">September 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/08/">August 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/07/">July 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/06/">June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/05/">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/03/">March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2021/01/">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2020/12/">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2020/09/">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2020/07/">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2020/01/">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/12/">December 2019</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/11/">November 2019</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/07/">July 2019</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/06/">June 2019</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/02/">February 2019</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/12/">December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/11/">November 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/09/">September 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/07/">July 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/06/">June 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/05/">May 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/04/">April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/03/">March 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2018/01/">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/12/">December 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/11/">November 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/09/">September 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/08/">August 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/07/">July 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/">June 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/">May 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/04/">April 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/03/">March 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/02/">February 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/01/">January 2017</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/12/">December 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/11/">November 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/10/">October 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/09/">September 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/08/">August 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/07/">July 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/06/">June 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/05/">May 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/04/">April 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/02/">February 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2016/01/">January 2016</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/10/">October 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/09/">September 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/08/">August 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/07/">July 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/06/">June 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/05/">May 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/04/">April 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/03/">March 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/02/">February 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2015/01/">January 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/12/">December 2014</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/11/">November 2014</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/10/">October 2014</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/09/">September 2014</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2014/08/">August 2014</a></li> </ul> </div></div><div class="widget widget_categories"><div class="widget-content"><h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/accessibility/">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32656"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/alert-and-intervention-system/">Alert and Intervention System</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-455"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/architecture/">Architecture</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32689"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/assessment-data/">Assessment data</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-37194"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/building-digital-capability/">Building digital capability</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-372"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/case-studies/">Case Studies</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32622"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/co-design/">Co-design</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32652"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/code-of-practice/">Code of Practice</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32657"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/consent-service/">Consent Service</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32691"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/curriculum-analytics/">Curriculum analytics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-262"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/data/">Data</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32677"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/data-explorer/">Data Explorer</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-37192"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/digital-experience-insights/">Digital experience insights</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32661"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/discovery-stage/">Discovery Stage</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11414"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/employability/">Employability</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2141"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/ethics/">Ethics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32663"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/further-education-and-skills/">Further Education and Skills</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32650"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/insitutional-use/">Institutional Use</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32684"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/intervention/">Intervention</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32660"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/learning-analytics-processor/">Learning Analytics Processor</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32685"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/learning-analytics-service/">Learning Analytics Service</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-693"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/learning-design/">Learning design</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32682"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/learning-gain/">Learning gain</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32658"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/learning-records-warehouse/">Learning Records Warehouse</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32626"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/legal-issues/">Legal Issues</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2143"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/mental-health/">Mental Health</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1626"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/metrics/">Metrics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32662"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/micro-projects/">Micro-projects</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-970"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/network/">Network</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32653"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/open-learning-analytics/">Open learning analytics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-724"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/policy/">Policy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/research/">Research</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32659"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/staff-dashboard/">Staff Dashboard</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32655"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/student-app/">Student App</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32627"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/systems/">Systems</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-32687"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/insitutional-use/trends/">Trends</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-11435"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/category/wellbeing/">Wellbeing</a> </li> </ul> </div></div><div class="widget widget_meta"><div class="widget-content"><h2 class="widget-title subheading heading-size-3">Meta</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://en-gb.wordpress.org/">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <footer id="site-footer" role="contentinfo" class="header-footer-group"> <div class="section-inner"> <div class="footer-legal"> <p class="screen-reader-text">Site info:</p> <ul class="footer-legal-list"> <li class="footer-legal-item"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://www.jisc.ac.uk/website/privacy-notice"> Privacy </a> </li> <li class="footer-legal-item"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://jiscinvolve.org/wp/cookies"> Cookies </a> </li> <li class="footer-legal-item"> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/https://jiscinvolve.org/wp/accessibility-statement"> Accessibility </a> </li> </ul> </div> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> To the top <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Up <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//web.archive.org/web/20221115123001/http://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-43606761-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span><div class="cli-bar-container cli-style-v2"><div class="cli-bar-message">We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.</div><div class="cli-bar-btn_container"><a role="button" tabindex="0" class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cli_settings_button" style="margin:0px 5px 0px 0px;">Cookie Settings</a><a id="wt-cli-accept-all-btn" tabindex="0" role="button" data-cli_action="accept_all" class="wt-cli-element medium cli-plugin-button wt-cli-accept-all-btn cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button">Accept All</a></div></div></span></div><div id="cookie-law-info-again" style="display:none;" data-nosnippet="true"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Manage consent</span></div><div class="cli-modal" data-nosnippet="true" id="cliSettingsPopup" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cliSettingsPopup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> <button type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> <svg class="" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> </button> <div class="cli-modal-body"> <div class="cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> <h4>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.</div> </div> <a class="cli-privacy-readmore" aria-label="Show more" tabindex="0" role="button" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> </div> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container"> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Necessary </a> <div class="wt-cli-necessary-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary" data-id="checkbox-necessary" checked="checked"/> <label class="form-check-label" for="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary">Necessary</label> </div> <span class="cli-necessary-caption">Always Enabled</span> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="non-necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Non-necessary </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-non-necessary" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-non-necessary" checked="checked"/> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-non-necessary" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Non-necessary</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="non-necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-footer"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">SAVE & ACCEPT</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=5.9.3" id="comment-reply-js"></script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/http://analytics.jiscinvolve.org/wp/wp-content/plugins/easy-twitter-feed-widget/js/twitter-widgets.js?ver=1.0" id="do-etfw-twitter-widgets-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { for (let i = 0; i < document.forms.length; ++i) { let form = document.forms[i]; if ($(form).attr("method") != "get") { $(form).append('<input type="hidden" name="IPMSiU_anWH" value="eHXso]rQ16fc[*g" />'); } if ($(form).attr("method") != "get") { $(form).append('<input type="hidden" name="tDlHmYWGMgEAn" value="8ZYBrltmXbjJO" />'); } } $(document).on('submit', 'form', function () { if ($(this).attr("method") != "get") { $(this).append('<input type="hidden" name="IPMSiU_anWH" value="eHXso]rQ16fc[*g" />'); } if ($(this).attr("method") != "get") { $(this).append('<input type="hidden" name="tDlHmYWGMgEAn" value="8ZYBrltmXbjJO" />'); } return true; }); jQuery.ajaxSetup({ beforeSend: function (e, data) { if (data.type !== 'POST') return; if (typeof data.data === 'object' && data.data !== null) { data.data.append("IPMSiU_anWH", "eHXso]rQ16fc[*g"); data.data.append("tDlHmYWGMgEAn", "8ZYBrltmXbjJO"); } else { data.data = data.data + '&IPMSiU_anWH=eHXso]rQ16fc[*g&tDlHmYWGMgEAn=8ZYBrltmXbjJO'; } } }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function ($) { let recaptcha_ok = false; let the_recaptcha_widget = $("#cerber-recaptcha"); let is_recaptcha_visible = ($(the_recaptcha_widget).data('size') !== 'invisible'); let the_form = $(the_recaptcha_widget).closest("form"); let the_button = $(the_form).find('input[type="submit"]'); if (!the_button.length) { the_button = $(the_form).find(':button'); } // visible if (the_button.length && is_recaptcha_visible) { the_button.prop("disabled", true); the_button.css("opacity", 0.5); } window.form_button_enabler = function () { if (!the_button.length) return; the_button.prop("disabled", false); the_button.css( "opacity", 1 ); }; // invisible if (!is_recaptcha_visible) { $(the_button).on('click', function (event) { if (recaptcha_ok) return; event.preventDefault(); grecaptcha.execute(); }); } window.now_submit_the_form = function () { recaptcha_ok = true; //$(the_button).click(); // this is only way to submit a form that contains "submit" inputs $(the_button).trigger('click'); // this is only way to submit a form that contains "submit" inputs }; }); </script> <script src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221115123001js_/https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en" async defer></script> </body> </html>