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<span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_painting_and_historical_painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_painting_and_historical_painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History painting and historical painting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_painting_and_historical_painting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History painting and historical painting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_painting_and_historical_painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">History painting</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historienmalerei" title="Historienmalerei – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Historienmalerei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="رسم قصصي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسم قصصي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarix_r%C9%99ssaml%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Tarix rəssamlığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tarix rəssamlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Гістарычны жывапіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гістарычны жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Гістарычны жывапіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гістарычны жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_d%27hist%C3%B2ria" title="Pintura d'història – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pintura d'història" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiemaleri" title="Historiemaleri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Historiemaleri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historienmalerei" title="Historienmalerei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Historienmalerei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajaloomaal" title="Ajaloomaal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ajaloomaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_de_historia" title="Pintura de historia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pintura de historia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_pentrarto" title="Historia pentrarto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Historia pentrarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DB%8C" title="نقاشی تاریخی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقاشی تاریخی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peinture_d%27histoire" title="Peinture d'histoire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peinture d'histoire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoarjestik" title="Histoarjestik – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Histoarjestik" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_de_historia" title="Pintura de historia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pintura de historia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC%ED%99%94" title="역사화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="역사화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Պատմական գեղանկարչություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատմական գեղանկարչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan_sejarah" title="Lukisan sejarah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lukisan sejarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura_storica" title="Pittura storica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pittura storica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ისტორიული ფერწერა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისტორიული ფერწერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93sturiskais_%C5%BEanrs" title="Vēsturiskais žanrs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēsturiskais žanrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5%D9%89" title="رسم قصصى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رسم قصصى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historieschilderkunst" title="Historieschilderkunst – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Historieschilderkunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%94%BB" title="歴史画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歴史画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiemaleri" title="Historiemaleri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Historiemaleri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiem%C3%A5leri" title="Historiemåleri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Historiemåleri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malarstwo_historyczne" title="Malarstwo historyczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malarstwo historyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_hist%C3%B3rica" title="Pintura histórica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pintura histórica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictura_istoric%C4%83" title="Pictura istorică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pictura istorică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Историческая живопись – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Историческая живопись" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgodovinsko_slikarstvo" title="Zgodovinsko slikarstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zgodovinsko slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%83" title="Историјске теме у сликарству – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историјске теме у сликарству" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiamaalaus" title="Historiamaalaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Historiamaalaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiem%C3%A5leri" title="Historiemåleri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Historiemåleri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="จิตรกรรมประวัติศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิตรกรรมประวัติศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarih_resmi" title="Tarih resmi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tarih resmi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genre in painting defined by narrative subjects</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg/350px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg/525px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg/700px-Titian_-_Diana_and_Actaeon_-_1556-1559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6938" data-file-height="6339" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Diana_and_Actaeon_(Titian)" title="Diana and Actaeon (Titian)">Diana and Actaeon</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, 1556–1559, a classic history painting, showing a dramatic moment in a mythological story, with elements of figure painting, <a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">landscape painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Still-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Still-life">still-life</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg/220px-Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg/330px-Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg/440px-Judas_Returning_the_Thirty_Silver_Pieces_-_Rembrandt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="998" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas">Judas</a> Returning the Thirty Silver Pieces</i> by <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, 1629.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>History painting</b> is a genre in <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> defined by its subject matter rather than any <a href="/wiki/Artistic_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic style">artistic style</a> or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a <a href="/wiki/Narrative_story" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative story">narrative story</a>, most often (but not exclusively) <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bible_stories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bible stories">Bible stories</a>, opposed to a specific and static subject, as in <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portrait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still life</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">landscape painting</a>. The term is derived from the wider senses of the word <i>historia</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <i>histoire</i> in French, meaning "story" or "narrative", and essentially means "story painting". Most history paintings are not of scenes from <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, especially paintings from before about 1850. </p><p>In modern English, "historical painting" is sometimes used to describe the painting of scenes from history in its narrower sense, especially for 19th-century art, excluding religious, mythological, and allegorical subjects, which are included in the broader term "history painting", and before the 19th century were the most common subjects for history paintings. </p><p>History paintings almost always contain a number of figures, often a large number, and normally show some typical states on that is a moment in a narrative. The genre includes depictions of moments in religious narratives, above all the <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ</a></i>, Middle eastern culture as well as narrative scenes from <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, and also <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups were for long the most frequently painted; works such as <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a> are therefore history paintings, as are most very large paintings before the 19th century. The term covers large paintings in <a href="/wiki/Oil_on_canvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil on canvas">oil on canvas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> produced between the Renaissance and the late 19th century, after which the term is generally not used even for the many works that still meet the basic definition.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>History painting may be used interchangeably with <b>historical painting</b>, and was especially so used before the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where a distinction is made, "historical painting" is the painting of scenes from secular history, whether specific episodes or generalized scenes. In the 19th century, historical painting in this sense became a distinct genre. In phrases such as "historical painting materials", "historical" means in use before about 1900, or some earlier date.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prestige">Prestige</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prestige"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_Oath_of_the_Horatii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6156" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Oath_of_the_Horatii" title="Oath of the Horatii">Oath of the Horatii</a></i>, 1786, with a scene from ancient history.</figcaption></figure> <p>History paintings were traditionally regarded as the highest form of Western painting, occupying the most prestigious place in the <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">hierarchy of genres</a>, and considered the equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Epic_(genre)" title="Epic (genre)">epic</a> in literature. In his <i><a href="/wiki/De_Pictura" class="mw-redirect" title="De Pictura">De Pictura</a></i> of 1436, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Battista_Alberti" title="Leon Battista Alberti">Leon Battista Alberti</a> had argued that multi-figure history painting was the noblest form of art, as being the most difficult, which required mastery of all the others, because it was a visual form of history, and because it had the greatest potential to move the viewer. He placed emphasis on the ability to depict the interactions between the figures by gesture and expression.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This view remained general until the 19th century, when artistic movements began to struggle against the establishment institutions of <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic art</a>, which continued to adhere to it. At the same time, there was from the latter part of the 18th century an increased interest in depicting in the form of history painting moments of drama from recent or contemporary history, which had long largely been confined to <a href="/wiki/Military_art" title="Military art">battle-scenes</a> and scenes of formal surrenders and the like. Scenes from ancient history had been popular in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">early Renaissance</a>, and once again became common in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> periods, and still more so with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>. In some 19th or 20th century contexts, the term may refer specifically to paintings of scenes from secular history, rather than those from religious narratives, literature or mythology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png/220px-Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png/330px-Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png/440px-Leo_the_Great_and_Attila_by_Raffael.png 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_of_Leo_the_Great_and_Attila" title="The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila">The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and his workshop, 1513–14</figcaption></figure> <p>The term is generally not used in art history in speaking of medieval painting, although the Western tradition was developing in large <a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">altarpieces</a>, fresco cycles, and other works, as well as <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">miniatures</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">illuminated manuscripts</a>. It comes to the fore in <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance painting</a>, where a series of increasingly ambitious works were produced, many still religious, but several, especially in Florence, which did actually feature near-contemporary historical scenes such as the set of three huge canvases on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Romano" title="The Battle of San Romano">The Battle of San Romano</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a>, the abortive <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cascina_(Michelangelo)" title="Battle of Cascina (Michelangelo)">Battle of Cascina</a></i> by Michelangelo and the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Anghiari_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of Anghiari (painting)">Battle of Anghiari</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, neither of which were completed. Scenes from ancient history and mythology were also popular. Writers such as Alberti and the following century <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Artists</a></i>, followed public and artistic opinion in judging the best painters above all on their production of large works of history painting (though in fact the only modern (post-classical) work described in <i><a href="/wiki/De_Pictura" class="mw-redirect" title="De Pictura">De Pictura</a></i> is <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>'s huge <i><a href="/wiki/Navicella_(mosaic)" title="Navicella (mosaic)">Navicella</a></i> in mosaic). Artists continued for centuries to strive to make their reputation by producing such works, often neglecting genres to which their talents were better suited. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/220px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/330px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg/440px-Angelo_Bronzino_-_Venus%2C_Cupid%2C_Folly_and_Time_-_National_Gallery%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Venus,_Cupid,_Folly_and_Time" title="Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time">Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Agnolo_Bronzino" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnolo Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1545</span>. According to <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F%C3%A9libien" title="André Félibien">André Félibien</a> allegory was the highest form of all history painting.</figcaption></figure> <p>There was some objection to the term, as many writers preferred terms such as "poetic painting" (<i>poesia</i>), or wanted to make a distinction between the "true" <i>istoria</i>, covering history including biblical and religious scenes, and the <i>fabula</i>, covering pagan myth, allegory, and scenes from fiction, which could not be regarded as true.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large works of <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> were long considered, with those of Michelangelo, as the finest models for the genre. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Palace">Vatican Palace</a>, allegories and historical scenes are mixed together, and the <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Cartoons" title="Raphael Cartoons">Raphael Cartoons</a> show scenes from the Gospels, all in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Manner" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Manner">Grand Manner</a> that from the <a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a> became associated with, and often expected in, history painting. In the Late Renaissance and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> the painting of actual history tended to degenerate into panoramic battle-scenes with the victorious monarch or general perched on a horse accompanied with his retinue, or formal scenes of ceremonies, although some artists managed to make a masterpiece from such unpromising material, as <a href="/wiki/Vel%C3%A1zquez" class="mw-redirect" title="Velázquez">Velázquez</a> did with his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Breda" title="The Surrender of Breda">The Surrender of Breda</a></i>. </p><p> An influential formulation of the hierarchy of genres, confirming the history painting at the top, was made in 1667 by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F%C3%A9libien" title="André Félibien">André Félibien</a>, a historiographer, architect and theoretician of French classicism became the classic statement of the theory for the 18th century:</p><blockquote><p>Celui qui fait parfaitement des païsages est au-dessus d'un autre qui ne fait que des fruits, des fleurs ou des coquilles. Celui qui peint des animaux vivants est plus estimable que ceux qui ne représentent que des choses mortes & sans mouvement; & comme la figure de l'homme est le plus parfait ouvrage de Dieu sur la Terre, il est certain aussi que celui qui se rend l'imitateur de Dieu en peignant des figures humaines, est beaucoup plus excellent que tous les autres ... un Peintre qui ne fait que des portraits, n'a pas encore cette haute perfection de l'Art, & ne peut prétendre à l'honneur que reçoivent les plus sçavans. Il faut pour cela passer d'une seule figure à la représentation de plusieurs ensemble; il faut traiter l'histoire & la fable; il faut représenter de grandes actions comme les historiens, ou des sujets agréables comme les Poëtes; & montant encore plus haut, il faut par des compositions allégoriques, sçavoir couvrir sous le voile de la fable les vertus des grands hommes, & les mystères les plus relevez.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>He who produces perfect landscapes is above another who only produces fruit, flowers or seashells. He who paints living animals is more than those who only represent dead things without movement, and as man is the most perfect work of God on the earth, it is also certain that he who becomes an imitator of God in representing human figures, is much more excellent than all the others ... a painter who only does portraits still does not have the highest perfection of his art, and cannot expect the honour due to the most skilled. For that he must pass from representing a single figure to several together; history and myth must be depicted; great events must be represented as by historians, or like the poets, subjects that will please, and climbing still higher, he must have the skill to cover under the veil of myth the virtues of great men in allegories, and the mysteries they reveal".</p></blockquote> <p>By the late 18th century, with both religious and mytholological painting in decline, there was an increased demand for paintings of scenes from history, including contemporary history. This was in part driven by the changing audience for ambitious paintings, which now increasingly made their reputation in public exhibitions rather than by impressing the owners of and visitors to palaces and public buildings. Classical history remained popular, but scenes from national histories were often the best-received. From 1760 onwards, the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Artists_of_Great_Britain" title="Society of Artists of Great Britain">Society of Artists of Great Britain</a>, the first body to organize regular exhibitions in London, awarded two generous prizes each year to paintings of subjects from British history.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/300px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/450px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Benjamin_West_005.jpg/600px-Benjamin_West_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_General_Wolfe" title="The Death of General Wolfe">The Death of General Wolfe</a></i> (1770), an early example of the vogue for painting scenes from recent history.</figcaption></figure> <p>The unheroic nature of modern dress was regarded as a serious difficulty. When, in 1770, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a> proposed to paint <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_General_Wolfe" title="The Death of General Wolfe">The Death of General Wolfe</a></i> in contemporary dress, he was firmly instructed to use classical costume by many people. He ignored these comments and showed the scene in modern dress. Although <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> refused to purchase the work, West succeeded both in overcoming his critics' objections and inaugurating a more historically accurate style in such paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other artists depicted scenes, regardless of when they occurred, in classical dress and for a long time, especially during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, history painting often focused on depictions of the heroic male nude. </p><p>The large production, using the finest French artists, of propaganda paintings glorifying the exploits of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, were matched by works, showing both victories and losses, from the anti-Napoleonic alliance by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a>. <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Raft_of_the_Medusa" title="The Raft of the Medusa">The Raft of the Medusa</a></i> (1818–1819) was a sensation, appearing to update the history painting for the 19th century, and showing anonymous figures famous only for being victims of what was then a famous and controversial disaster at sea. Conveniently their clothes had been worn away to classical-seeming rags by the point the painting depicts. At the same time the demand for traditional large religious history paintings very largely fell away. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg/300px-David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg/450px-David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg/600px-David_Wilkie_Chelsea_Pensioners_Reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3108" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Wilkie_(artist)" title="David Wilkie (artist)">Sir David Wilkie</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chelsea_Pensioners_reading_the_Waterloo_Dispatch" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch">The Chelsea Pensioners reading the Waterloo Dispatch</a></i>, 1822. Genre or history painting? The types have merged, in a way typical of the 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-nineteenth century there arose a style known as <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">historicism</a>, which marked a formal imitation of historical styles and/or artists. Another development in the nineteenth century was the treatment of historical subjects, often on a large scale, with the values of <a href="/wiki/Genre_works" class="mw-redirect" title="Genre works">genre painting</a>, the depiction of scenes of everyday life, and <a href="/wiki/Anecdote" title="Anecdote">anecdote</a>. Grand depictions of events of great public importance were supplemented with scenes depicting more personal incidents in the lives of the great, or of scenes centred on unnamed figures involved in historical events, as in the <a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a>. At the same time scenes of ordinary life with moral, political or satirical content became often the main vehicle for expressive interplay between figures in painting, whether given a modern or historical setting. </p><p>By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionists</a> (except for <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolists</a>, and according to one recent writer "<a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the 'pantheon' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_painting_and_historical_painting">History painting and historical painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History painting and historical painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg/220px-Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg/330px-Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg/440px-Past_and_Present_Number_One.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1272" /></a><figcaption>"No. 1, Misfortune" from <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Egg">Augustus Egg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(paintings)" title="Past and Present (paintings)">Past and Present</a></i>, 1858. The husband has discovered his wife's infidelity. <i>Prayer</i> and <i>Despair</i> complete the set.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_terms">The terms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially, "history painting" and "historical painting" were used interchangeably in English, as when Sir <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a> in his fourth <i>Discourse</i> uses both indiscriminately to cover "history painting", while saying "...it ought to be called poetical, as in reality it is", reflecting the French term <i>peinture historique</i>, one equivalent of "history painting". The terms began to separate in the 19th century, with "historical painting" becoming a sub-group of "history painting" restricted to subjects taken from history in its normal sense. In 1853 <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> asked his audience: "What do you at present <i>mean</i> by historical painting? Now-a-days it means the endeavour, by the power of imagination, to portray some historical event of past days."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So for example <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wethey" title="Harold Wethey">Harold Wethey</a>'s three-volume catalogue of the paintings of <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> (Phaidon, 1969–75) is divided between "Religious Paintings", "Portraits", and "Mythological and Historical Paintings", though both volumes I and III cover what is included in the term "History Paintings". This distinction is useful but is by no means generally observed, and the terms are still often used in a confusing manner. Because of the potential for confusion modern academic writing tends to avoid the phrase "historical painting", talking instead of "historical subject matter" in history painting, but where the phrase is still used in contemporary scholarship it will normally mean the painting of subjects from history, very often in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Historical painting" may also be used, especially in discussion of painting techniques in conservation studies, to mean "old", as opposed to modern or recent painting.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 19th-century British writing on art the terms "<b>subject painting</b>" or "anecdotic" painting were often used for works in a line of development going back to <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">William Hogarth</a> of monoscenic depictions of crucial moments in an implied narrative with unidentified characters,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/William_Holman_Hunt" title="William Holman Hunt">William Holman Hunt</a>'s 1853 painting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Awakening_Conscience" title="The Awakening Conscience">The Awakening Conscience</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Egg">Augustus Egg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Past_and_Present_(paintings)" title="Past and Present (paintings)">Past and Present</a></i>, a set of three paintings, updating sets by Hogarth such as <i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_%C3%A0-la-mode_(Hogarth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage à-la-mode (Hogarth)">Marriage à-la-mode</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg/300px-Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg/450px-Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg/600px-Richard_Parkes_Bonington_-_Henri_III_-_WGA02429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Richard Parkes Bonington</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Henri_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri III of France">Henri III of France</a></i>, 1827–28, a small "Intimate Romantic" anecdotal scene from history</figcaption></figure> <p>History painting was the dominant form of <a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">academic painting</a> in the various national academies in the 18th century, and for most of the 19th, and increasingly historical subjects dominated. During the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods the heroic treatment of contemporary history in a frankly propagandistic fashion by <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Jean,_Baron_Gros" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros">Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carle_Vernet" title="Carle Vernet">Carle Vernet</a> and others was supported by the French state, but after the fall of Napoleon in 1815 the French governments were not regarded as suitable for heroic treatment and many artists retreated further into the past to find subjects, though in Britain depicting the victories of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> mostly occurred after they were over. Another path was to choose contemporary subjects that were oppositional to government either at home and abroad, and many of what were arguably the last great generation of history paintings were protests at contemporary episodes of repression or outrages at home or abroad: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Third_of_May_1808" title="The Third of May 1808">The Third of May 1808</a></i> (1814), <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Raft_of_the_Medusa" title="The Raft of the Medusa">The Raft of the Medusa</a></i> (1818–19), <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a></i> (1824) and <i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> (1830). These were heroic, but showed heroic suffering by ordinary civilians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_(National_Gallery_de_Londres,_1834).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/220px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/330px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg/440px-PAUL_DELAROCHE_-_Ejecuci%C3%B3n_de_Lady_Jane_Grey_%28National_Gallery_de_Londres%2C_1834%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Delaroche" title="Paul Delaroche">Paul Delaroche</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Execution_of_Lady_Jane_Grey" title="The Execution of Lady Jane Grey">The Execution of Lady Jane Grey</a></i>, 1833, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa,_Museo_del_Prado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg/220px-Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg/330px-Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg/440px-Conversi%C3%B3n_del_duque_de_Gand%C3%ADa%2C_Museo_del_Prado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Moreno_Carbonero" title="José Moreno Carbonero">José Moreno Carbonero</a>, <i>Conversion of the Duke of Gandía</i>, 1881, <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>, Madrid</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic artists</a> such as Géricault and Delacroix, and those from other movements such as the English <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood</a> continued to regard history painting as the ideal for their most ambitious works. Others such as <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a> in Poland,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Surikov" title="Vasily Surikov">Vasily Surikov</a> in Russia, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Moreno_Carbonero" title="José Moreno Carbonero">José Moreno Carbonero</a> in Spain and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delaroche" title="Paul Delaroche">Paul Delaroche</a> in France became specialized painters of large historical subjects. The <i><a href="/wiki/Style_troubadour" class="mw-redirect" title="Style troubadour">style troubadour</a></i> ("<a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">troubadour</a> style") was a somewhat derisive French term for earlier paintings of medieval and Renaissance scenes, which were often small and depicting moments of anecdote rather than drama; <a href="/wiki/Jean-Auguste-Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres">Ingres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Richard Parkes Bonington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_Jean-Baptiste_Victoire_Fradelle" title="Henri Jean-Baptiste Victoire Fradelle">Henri Fradelle</a> painted such works. Sir <a href="/wiki/Roy_Strong" title="Roy Strong">Roy Strong</a> calls this type of work the "Intimate Romantic", and in French it was known as the "peinture de genre historique" or "peinture anecdotique" ("historical genre painting" or "anecdotal painting").<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Church commissions for large group scenes from the Bible had greatly reduced, and historical painting became very significant. Especially in the early 19th century, much historical painting depicted specific moments from historical literature, with the novels of Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> a particular favourite, in France and other European countries as much as Great Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the middle of the century medieval scenes were expected to be very carefully researched, using the work of historians of costume, architecture and all elements of decor that were becoming available. An example of this is the extensive research of Byzantine architecture, clothing, and decoration made in Parisian museums and libraries by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Moreno_Carbonero" title="José Moreno Carbonero">Moreno Carbonero</a> for his masterwork <i>The Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provision of examples and expertise for artists, as well as revivalist industrial designers, was one of the motivations for the establishment of museums like the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New techniques of <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">printmaking</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Chromolithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromolithograph">chromolithograph</a> made good quality reproductions both relatively cheap and very widely accessible, and also hugely profitable for artist and publisher, as the sales were so large.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historical painting often had a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, and painters like Matejko in Poland could play an important role in fixing the prevailing historical narrative of national history in the popular mind.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In France, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27art_Pompier" class="mw-redirect" title="L'art Pompier">L'art Pompier</a></i> ("Fireman art") was a derisory term for official academic historical painting,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in a final phase, "History painting of a debased sort, scenes of brutality and terror, purporting to illustrate episodes from Roman and Moorish history, were Salon sensations. On the overcrowded walls of the exhibition galleries, the paintings that shouted loudest got the attention".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalist</a> painting was an alternative genre that offered similar exotic costumes and decor, and at least as much opportunity to depict sex and violence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1421px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Romano_Battle_(Paolo_Uccello,_London)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paolo Uccello, 1438–1440, The Battle of San Romano, Uffizi, Florence"><img alt="Paolo Uccello, 1438–1440, The Battle of San Romano, Uffizi, Florence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg/160px-San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg/240px-San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg/320px-San_Romano_Battle_%28Paolo_Uccello%2C_London%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6074" data-file-height="3435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Uccello" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a>, 1438–1440, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_San_Romano" title="The Battle of San Romano">The Battle of San Romano</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CARRACCI,_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_(1584-5).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Annibale Carracci, An Allegory of Truth and Time (1584–85), an allegorical history painting"><img alt="Annibale Carracci, An Allegory of Truth and Time (1584–85), an allegorical history painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG/160px-CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG/240px-CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG/320px-CARRACCI%2C_Annibale_-_An_allegory_of_Truth_and_Time_%281584-5%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Carracci" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/An_Allegory_of_Truth_and_Time" title="An Allegory of Truth and Time">An Allegory of Truth and Time</a></i> (1584–85), an allegorical history painting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur,_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegory of Magnificence, Eustache Le Sueur, c. 1654"><img alt="Allegory of Magnificence, Eustache Le Sueur, c. 1654" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/160px-%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/240px-%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG/320px-%27Allegory_of_Magnificence%27_by_Eustache_LeSueur%2C_Dayton_Art_Institute.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="1676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Allegory of Magnificence</i>, <a href="/wiki/Eustache_Le_Sueur" title="Eustache Le Sueur">Eustache Le Sueur</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1654</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Le Brun, 1664, Entry of Alexander into Babylon, Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Charles Le Brun, 1664, Entry of Alexander into Babylon, Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG/160px-Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG/240px-Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG/320px-Charles_Le_Brun_-_Entry_of_Alexander_into_Babylon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4018" data-file-height="2661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, 1664, <i>Entry of Alexander into Babylon</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sebastiano Ricci, Allegory of France as Minerva Trampling Ignorance and Crowning Virtue, 1717–18"><img alt="Sebastiano Ricci, Allegory of France as Minerva Trampling Ignorance and Crowning Virtue, 1717–18" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg/122px-Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg/183px-Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg/244px-Sebastiano_Ricci_057b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sebastiano Ricci, <i>Allegory of France as Minerva Trampling Ignorance and Crowning Virtue</i>, 1717–18</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacques-Louis David, 1787, The Death of Socrates, École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris"><img alt="Jacques-Louis David, 1787, The Death of Socrates, École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/160px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/240px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg/320px-David_-_The_Death_of_Socrates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3896" data-file-height="2559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>, 1787, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Socrates" title="The Death of Socrates">The Death of Socrates</a></i>, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Nationale_Sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts">École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts</a></span></span>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vincenzo Camuccini, Assassination of Julius Caesar, 1805"><img alt="Vincenzo Camuccini, Assassination of Julius Caesar, 1805" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/160px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/240px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg/320px-Vincenzo_Camuccini_-_La_morte_di_Cesare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1161" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Camuccini" title="Vincenzo Camuccini">Vincenzo Camuccini</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Julius_Caesar" title="Assassination of Julius Caesar">Assassination of Julius Caesar</a></i>, 1805</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacques-Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon, c. 1807"><img alt="Jacques-Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon, c. 1807" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg/160px-Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg/240px-Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg/320px-Jacques-Louis_David_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="The Coronation of Napoleon">The Coronation of Napoleon</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1807</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Justice and Divine Vengeance Pursuing Crime, Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, c. 1805–1808"><img alt="Justice and Divine Vengeance Pursuing Crime, Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, c. 1805–1808" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg/160px-Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg/240px-Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg/320px-Peinture_Palais_de_Justice_de_Toulouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Justice and Divine Vengeance Pursuing Crime</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon" title="Pierre-Paul Prud'hon">Pierre-Paul Prud'hon</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1805–1808</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francisco de Goya, 1814, The Second of May 1808, Museo del Prado, Madrid"><img alt="Francisco de Goya, 1814, The Second of May 1808, Museo del Prado, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/160px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/240px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg/320px-El_dos_de_mayo_de_1808_en_Madrid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco de Goya">Francisco de Goya</a>, 1814, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_of_May_1808" title="The Second of May 1808">The Second of May 1808</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, 1827, Death of Sardanapalus, Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, 1827, Death of Sardanapalus, Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg/160px-Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg/240px-Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg/320px-Delacroix_sardanapalus_1827_1280px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, 1827, <i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sardanapalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Sardanapalus">Death of Sardanapalus</a></i>, Louvre, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karl Bryullov, The Last Day of Pompeii, 1827–1833"><img alt="Karl Bryullov, The Last Day of Pompeii, 1827–1833" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="21059" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Bryullov" title="Karl Bryullov">Karl Bryullov</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii" title="The Last Day of Pompeii">The Last Day of Pompeii</a></i>, 1827–1833</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830, Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/160px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/240px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/320px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Le_28_Juillet._La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="4771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i>, 1830, Louvre, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1851, Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, Brookneal"><img alt="Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1851, Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, Brookneal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/123px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/184px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/245px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3649" data-file-height="4761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses</i>, 1851, <a href="/wiki/Red_Hill_Patrick_Henry_National_Memorial" title="Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial">Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brookneal,_Virginia" title="Brookneal, Virginia">Brookneal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze,_MMA-NYC,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York"><img alt="Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/160px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/240px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/320px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4313" data-file-height="2473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 painting)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i>, 1851, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_(%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Everett Millais, Christ in the House of His Parents, 1854–1860, Tate Britain, London"><img alt="John Everett Millais, Christ in the House of His Parents, 1854–1860, Tate Britain, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-John_Everett_Millais_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents_%28%60The_Carpenter%27s_Shop%27%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2731" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Everett_Millais" title="John Everett Millais">John Everett Millais</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_in_the_House_of_His_Parents" title="Christ in the House of His Parents">Christ in the House of His Parents</a></i>, 1854–1860, <a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Holman Hunt, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, 1854–1860, Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Birmingham"><img alt="William Holman Hunt, The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple, 1854–1860, Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Birmingham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg/160px-William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg/240px-William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg/320px-William_Holman_Hunt_-_The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3906" data-file-height="2525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Holman_Hunt" title="William Holman Hunt">William Holman Hunt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Finding_of_the_Saviour_in_the_Temple" title="The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple">The Finding of the Saviour in the Temple</a></i>, 1854–1860, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Museum_%26_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery">Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adolph Menzel, Flute concerto of Fredrick the Great, c. 1852"><img alt="Adolph Menzel, Flute concerto of Fredrick the Great, c. 1852" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-Adolph_Menzel_-_Fl%C3%B6tenkonzert_Friedrichs_des_Gro%C3%9Fen_in_Sanssouci_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Menzel" title="Adolph Menzel">Adolph Menzel</a>, <i>Flute concerto of <a href="/wiki/Fredrick_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrick the Great">Fredrick the Great</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1852</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko,_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Matejko, Stanczyk, 1862, Warsaw National Museum, Warsaw"><img alt="Jan Matejko, Stanczyk, 1862, Warsaw National Museum, Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg/160px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg/240px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg/320px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Sta%C5%84czyk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5766" data-file-height="4289" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stanczyk" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanczyk">Stanczyk</a></i>, 1862, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_National_Museum" title="Warsaw National Museum">Warsaw National Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_(1872).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Matejko, Stefan Batory at Pskov, oil painting, (1872)"><img alt="Jan Matejko, Stefan Batory at Pskov, oil painting, (1872)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png/160px-Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png/240px-Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png/320px-Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov_by_Jan_Matejko_%281872%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_at_Pskov" title="Stephen Báthory at Pskov">Stefan Batory at Pskov</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a>, (1872)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko,_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Grunwald by Jan Matejko, 1878, National Museum in Warsaw"><img alt="Battle of Grunwald by Jan Matejko, 1878, National Museum in Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/160px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/240px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg/320px-Jan_Matejko%2C_Bitwa_pod_Grunwaldem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11788" data-file-height="5235" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, 1878, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum in Warsaw">National Museum in Warsaw</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_(3._Fassung_1885).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anton von Werner, Proclamation of the German Empire, 1885"><img alt="Anton von Werner, Proclamation of the German Empire, 1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/160px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/240px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg/320px-A_v_Werner_-_Kaiserproklamation_am_18_Januar_1871_%283._Fassung_1885%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1097" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Anton_von_Werner" title="Anton von Werner">Anton von Werner</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_German_Empire_(paintings)" title="Proclamation of the German Empire (paintings)">Proclamation of the German Empire</a></i>, 1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, 1880–1891, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg"><img alt="Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, 1880–1891, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/160px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/240px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg/320px-Ilja_Jefimowitsch_Repin_-_Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks_-_Yorck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="2437" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Reply_of_the_Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks">Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks</a></i>, 1880–1891, <a href="/wiki/State_Russian_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="State Russian Museum">State Russian Museum</a>, St. Petersburg</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surikov_streltsi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vasily Surikov, Morning of Streltsy's Execution, 1881, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow"><img alt="Vasily Surikov, Morning of Streltsy's Execution, 1881, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Surikov_streltsi.jpg/160px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Surikov_streltsi.jpg/240px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Surikov_streltsi.jpg/320px-Surikov_streltsi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Surikov" title="Vasily Surikov">Vasily Surikov</a>, <i><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Утро стрелецкой казни">Morning of Streltsy's Execution</a></i>, 1881, <a href="/wiki/Tretyakov_Gallery" title="Tretyakov Gallery">Tretyakov Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Matejko, The Maid of Orléans, 1886, National Museum, Poznań"><img alt="Jan Matejko, The Maid of Orléans, 1886, National Museum, Poznań" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/160px-Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/240px-Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg/320px-Jan_Matejko_-_The_Maid_of_Orleans_-_MNK_II-a-383_-_National_Museum_Krak%C3%B3w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2606" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Matejko" title="Jan Matejko">Jan Matejko</a>, <i>The Maid of Orléans</i>, 1886, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum,_Pozna%C5%84" title="National Museum, Poznań">National Museum, Poznań</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_(Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="José Moreno Carbonero, 1888, The Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople, Senate Palace, Madrid"><img alt="José Moreno Carbonero, 1888, The Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople, Senate Palace, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/160px-Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/240px-Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg/320px-Entrada_de_Roger_de_Flor_en_Constantinopla_%28Palacio_del_Senado_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2321" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Moreno_Carbonero" title="José Moreno Carbonero">José Moreno Carbonero</a>, 1888, <i>The Entry of Roger de Flor in Constantinople</i>, <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV,_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain,_1734.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacob Spoel, 1867, The Welcome by the Mayors of Rotterdam of William IV, Prince of Orange and his Consort Anne of Great Britain"><img alt="Jacob Spoel, 1867, The Welcome by the Mayors of Rotterdam of William IV, Prince of Orange and his Consort Anne of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg/160px-The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg/240px-The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg/320px-The_Welcome_by_the_Mayor_of_Rotterdam_of_William_IV%2C_Prince_of_Orange_and_his_Consort_Anna_of_Great_Britain%2C_1734.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1647" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jacob Spoel, 1867, <i>The Welcome by the Mayors of <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> of <a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William IV, Prince of Orange">William IV, Prince of Orange</a> and his Consort <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal_and_Princess_of_Orange" title="Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange">Anne of Great Britain</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Morier, An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745, 1746, Palace of Holyroodhouse"><img alt="David Morier, An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745, 1746, Palace of Holyroodhouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/160px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/240px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg/320px-The_Battle_of_Culloden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Morier" title="David Morier">David Morier</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/An_Incident_in_the_Rebellion_of_1745" title="An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745">An Incident in the Rebellion of 1745</a>,</i> 1746, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Holyroodhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Holyroodhouse">Palace of Holyroodhouse</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting" title="History of painting">History of painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Orientalist_artists" title="List of Orientalist artists">List of Orientalist artists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/glossary/history-painting">National Gallery, Glossary entry</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg61/gg61-main1.html">History Painting Gallery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160830163808/http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg61/gg61-main1.html">Archived</a> 2016-08-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from The National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC; Green and Seddon, 7-8; Harrison, 105-106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Seddon, 11-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/History+painting">"History painting"</a>. <i>Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary</i>. The Free Dictionary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Webster%27s+Revised+Unabridged+Dictionary&rft.atitle=History+painting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2FHistory%2Bpainting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlobo2020" class="citation web cs1">lobo (2020-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lobopopart.com.br/en/the-history-of-painting/">"The History of Painting. The evolution of Art"</a>. <i>Lobo Pop Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lobo+Pop+Art&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Painting.+The+evolution+of+Art&rft.date=2020-07-02&rft.au=lobo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flobopopart.com.br%2Fen%2Fthe-history-of-painting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blunt, 11-12; Barlow, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Reynolds below; nonetheless he bowed to convention: "In conformity to custom, I call this part of the art history painting; it ought to be called poetical, as in reality it is." (<i>Discources</i>, IV); for debates over terminology in the Italian Renaissance, see Bull, 391–394</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jl8IAeoj-7IC&dq=Hierarchy+of+genres+painting&pg=PA97">Books.google.co.uk</a>, translation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong, 17, and 32–34 and generally on growth of historical painting.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothenstein, 16–17; Strong, 24–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barlow, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lecture IV, p. 172, <i>Lectures on Architecture and Painting: Delivered at Edinburgh, in November, 1853</i>, 1854, Wiley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonarchi02ruskgoog/page/n194">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As shown in the usages in Barlow, Strong, and Wright</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in "The beautifully renovated Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam will open its doors to the public in 2013. To celebrate this event the Rijksmuseum will host a three-day symposium on Historical Painting Techniques. The central theme of the symposium will be the technical study of historically used painting techniques, the historical painting materials, their origin and trade, and their application in the painter’s workshop." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/research-and-library/painting-techniques">Rijksmuseum, "Painting Techniques - Call for Papers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531094855/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/research-and-library/painting-techniques">Archived</a> 2013-05-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPamela_M._Fletcher2003" class="citation book cs1">Pamela M. Fletcher (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvT_0aOkOSkC&pg=PA146"><i>Narrating Modernity: The British Problem Picture, 1895-1914</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 146 note 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3568-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-3568-0"><bdi>978-0-7546-3568-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrating+Modernity%3A+The+British+Problem+Picture%2C+1895-1914&rft.pages=146+note+12&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-3568-0&rft.au=Pamela+M.+Fletcher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvT_0aOkOSkC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(In Polish) <a href="/wiki/Maciej_Mas%C5%82owski" title="Maciej Masłowski">Maciej Masłowski</a>: Dzieje Polski w obrazach, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> 1962, ed. by "Arkady Publishers"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong, 36-40; Wright, 269-273, French terms on p. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, throughout; Strong, 30-32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116173823/https://www.artehistoria.com/es/obra/entrada-de-roger-de-flor-en-constantinopla">"Entrada de Roger de Flor en Constantinopla | artehistoria.com"</a>. <i>www.artehistoria.com</i> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artehistoria.com/es/obra/entrada-de-roger-de-flor-en-constantinopla">the original</a> on 2018-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.artehistoria.com&rft.atitle=Entrada+de+Roger+de+Flor+en+Constantinopla+%7C+artehistoria.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artehistoria.com%2Fes%2Fobra%2Fentrada-de-roger-de-flor-en-constantinopla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong, 24-26, 47-73; Wright, 269-273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harding, 7-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strong, 32-36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harding, throughout</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, 91</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barlow, Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:9MoshlkHpFYJ:www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/uploads/docs/s1_23.pdf+Paul+Barlow+Professor&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjcjev4zZWsyXRk2Qb0TAbQHs52uwq7cmMmRBnlY97ah2aGpKYtVsGu-QOIeMciCrUfH45N1knB0NFikusclJybCwP5TMoAMaQJNS8TPzZFOBvOQvtUrmEPUT--Kqw8tmhvKr8G&sig=AHIEtbSRK7DWVGwdLbYF38jvUAihfTFS0Q">"The Death of History Painting in Nineteenth-Century Art?" PDF</a>, <i>Visual Culture in Britain</i>, Volume 6, Number 1, Summer 2005, pp. 1–13(13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Blunt" title="Anthony Blunt">Blunt, Anthony</a>, <i>Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450-1660</i>, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), <a href="/wiki/OUP" class="mw-redirect" title="OUP">OUP</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-881050-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-881050-4">0-19-881050-4</a></li> <li>Bull, Malcolm, <i>The Mirror of the Gods, How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods</i>, Oxford UP, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195219236" title="Special:BookSources/0195219236">0195219236</a></li> <li>Green, David and Seddon, Peter, <i>History Painting Reassessed: The Representation of History in Contemporary Art</i>, 2000, Manchester University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719051685" title="Special:BookSources/9780719051685">9780719051685</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_m5y85mHzQC&pg=PA7">google books</a></li> <li>Harding, James. <i>Artistes pompiers: French academic art in the 19th century</i>, 1979, New York: Rizzoli</li> <li>Harrison, Charles, <i>An Introduction to Art</i>, 2009, Yale University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300109153" title="Special:BookSources/9780300109153">9780300109153</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94RjEO1C-i4C&pg=PA79">google books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rothenstein" title="John Rothenstein">Rothenstein, John</a>, <i>An Introduction to English Painting</i>, 2002 (reissue), I.B.Tauris, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781860646782" title="Special:BookSources/9781860646782">9781860646782</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Strong" title="Roy Strong">Strong, Roy</a>. <i>And when did you last see your father? The Victorian Painter and British History</i>, 1978, Thames and Hudson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0500271321" title="Special:BookSources/0500271321">0500271321</a></li> <li>White, Harrison C., <i>Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World</i>, 1993 (2nd edn), University of Chicago Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226894874" title="Special:BookSources/9780226894874">9780226894874</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2D_ehhO_14QC&pg=PA91">google books</a></li> <li>Wright, Beth Segal, <i>Scott's Historical Novels and French Historical Painting 1815-1855</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art Bulletin">The Art Bulletin</a></i>, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Jun., 1981), pp. 268–287, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3050117">JSTOR</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ayers, William (ed.), <i>Picturing History: American Painting 1770–1903</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8478-1745-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8478-1745-8">0-8478-1745-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_painting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025097-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="History painting"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008007183">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569370">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="historická malba"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120718&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007568144305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/024481">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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