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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+buatan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+buatan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+buatan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+buatan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sekilas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sekilas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sekilas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sekilas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Pranala luar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Komunitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komunitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Komunitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komunitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petunjuk,_guide,_How_Tos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petunjuk,_guide,_How_Tos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Petunjuk, <i>guide</i>, <i>How Tos</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petunjuk,_guide,_How_Tos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koleksi_pranala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koleksi_pranala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Koleksi pranala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koleksi_pranala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koleksi_pranala_berisi_informasi_tentang_bahasa_terkonstruksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koleksi_pranala_berisi_informasi_tentang_bahasa_terkonstruksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Koleksi pranala berisi informasi tentang bahasa terkonstruksi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koleksi_pranala_berisi_informasi_tentang_bahasa_terkonstruksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa buatan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 110 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsmatige_taal" title="Kunsmatige taal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kunsmatige taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_construyida" title="Luenga construyida – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luenga construyida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="لغة مصطنعة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة مصطنعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_construyida" title="Llingua construyida – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua construyida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCni_dil" title="Süni dil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Süni dil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinugdas_na_tataramon" title="Tinugdas na tataramon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinugdas na tataramon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Штучная мова – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Штучная мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Штучныя мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Штучныя мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_bikinan" title="Basa bikinan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa bikinan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Изкуствен език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкуствен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="নির্মিত ভাষা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নির্মিত ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_kalvezadel" title="Yezh kalvezadel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh kalvezadel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_planificada" title="Llengua planificada – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua planificada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Um%C4%9Bl%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Umělý jazyk – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umělý jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Юрилле чĕлхе – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Юрилле чĕлхе" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaith_artiffisial" title="Iaith artiffisial – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iaith artiffisial" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstsprog" title="Kunstsprog – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kunstsprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstruierte_Sprache" title="Konstruierte Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konstruierte Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Τεχνητή γλώσσα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχνητή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Constructed language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstruita_lingvo" title="Konstruita lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstruita lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_construida" title="Lengua construida – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua construida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehiskeel" title="Tehiskeel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tehiskeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_eraiki" title="Hizkuntza eraiki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza eraiki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%87" title="زبان فراساخته – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فراساخته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keinotekoinen_kieli" title="Keinotekoinen kieli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keinotekoinen kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_construite" title="Langue construite – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue construite" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keunsttaal" title="Keunsttaal – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Keunsttaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_artificiais" title="Linguas artificiais – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas artificiais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="שפה מתוכננת – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפה מתוכננת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कृत्रिम भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कृत्रिम भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetni_jezici" title="Umjetni jezici – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Umjetni jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesters%C3%A9ges_nyelv" title="Mesterséges nyelv – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mesterséges nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արհեստական լեզուներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արհեստական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_artificial" title="Lingua artificial – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua artificial" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planlingue" title="Planlingue – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Planlingue" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstruktita_linguo" title="Konstruktita linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konstruktita linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilb%C3%BAi%C3%B0_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Tilbúið tungumál – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tilbúið tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_artificiale" title="Lingua artificiale – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua artificiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="人工言語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="人工言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/runbau" title="runbau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="runbau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_damelan" title="Basa damelan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa damelan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ხელოვნური ენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხელოვნური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_guwayan" title="Basa guwayan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa guwayan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жасанды тілдер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасанды тілдер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೃತಕ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೃತಕ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%96%B4" title="인공어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인공어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_%C3%A7%C3%AAkir%C3%AE" title="Zimanê çêkirî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê çêkirî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D3%A7%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D0%B4%D3%A7%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Лӧсьӧдӧм кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лӧсьӧдӧм кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жасалма тилдер – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жасалма тилдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_constructa" title="Lingua constructa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua constructa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_construida" title="Linguas construida – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas construida" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstaol" title="Kunstaol – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kunstaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_artifi%C3%A7i%C3%A2le" title="Léngoa artifiçiâle – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Léngoa artifiçiâle" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirbtin%C4%97_kalba" title="Dirbtinė kalba – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dirbtinė kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ksl%C4%ABg%C4%81_valoda" title="Mākslīgā valoda – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mākslīgā valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_foronina" title="Fiteny foronina – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny foronina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вештачки јазик – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вештачки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Зохиомол хэл – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зохиомол хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कृत्रिम भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कृत्रिम भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_buatan" title="Bahasa buatan – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa buatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="بساته‌بئی زوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بساته‌بئی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunsttaal" title="Kunsttaal – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kunsttaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstig_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kunstig språk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kunstig språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstspr%C3%A5k" title="Kunstspråk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kunstspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrukteti_lingues" title="Konstrukteti lingues – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Konstrukteti lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%AB_%DF%9B%DF%8C%DF%B2%DF%98%DF%8C%DF%A3%DF%8D%DF%B2" title="ߞߊ߲߫ ߛߌ߲ߘߌߣߍ߲ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߲߫ ߛߌ߲ߘߌߣߍ߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laungue_construite" title="Laungue construite – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Laungue construite" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_construcha" title="Lenga construcha – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lenga construcha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_artifisial" title="Idioma artifisial – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Idioma artifisial" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_sztuczny" title="Język sztuczny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język sztuczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_artifissiaj" title="Lenghe artifissiaj – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe artifissiaj" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مصنوعی زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مصنوعی زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%90_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جوړه شوې ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جوړه شوې ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_artificial" title="Língua artificial – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua artificial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpasqa_simi" title="Wallpasqa simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wallpasqa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_artificial%C4%83" title="Limbă artificială – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă artificială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Искусственный язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Искусственный язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A5%D0%BEh%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Оҥоhуу тыл – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оҥоhуу тыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_artificiali" title="Lingua artificiali – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua artificiali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructit_leid" title="Constructit leid – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Constructit leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umjetni_jezik" title="Umjetni jezik – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Umjetni jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Constructed language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umel%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Umelý jazyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umelý jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetni_jezik" title="Umetni jezik – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Umetni jezik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahtum_kiel%C3%A2" title="Rahtum kielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Rahtum kielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutauro_wekuumba" title="Mutauro wekuumba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutauro wekuumba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_artificiale" title="Gjuha artificiale – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha artificiale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Плански језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilkene_Sproake" title="Stilkene Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Stilkene Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstgjort_spr%C3%A5k" title="Konstgjort språk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konstgjort språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_ya_kuundwa" title="Lugha ya kuundwa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha ya kuundwa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuczno_godka" title="Sztuczno godka – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sztuczno godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Забони фаросохта – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони фаросохта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาประดิษฐ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาประดิษฐ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_artipisyal" title="Wikang artipisyal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang artipisyal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapay_dil" title="Yapay dil – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yapay dil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Лэсьтэм кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лэсьтэм кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%88%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84" title="سۈنئىي تىل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۈنئىي تىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Штучна мова – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Штучна мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مصنوعی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مصنوعی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%CA%BCiy_tillar" title="Sunʼiy tillar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sunʼiy tillar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_artifisa%C5%82e" title="Łéngua artifisałe – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua artifisałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c_x%C3%A2y_d%E1%BB%B1ng" title="Ngôn ngữ được xây dựng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ được xây dựng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekavap%C3%BCk" title="Mekavapük – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mekavapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="人工语言 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人工语言" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="人工語言 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人工語言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-ch%C5%8D_gi%C3%A2n-g%C3%BA" title="Jîn-chō giân-gú – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-chō giân-gú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="人造語言 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人造語言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33215#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_buatan" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Bahasa_buatan" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_buatan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Bahasa_buatan" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Bahasa_buatan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&oldid=23715686" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Bahasa_buatan&id=23715686&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_buatan"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_buatan"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+buatan"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_buatan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Constructed_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33215" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rekayasa bahasa" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk salah satu jenis bahasa buatan, lihat <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_rekayasa" title="Bahasa rekayasa">bahasa rekayasa</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel ini bukan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Linguistik_teoretis" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik teoretis">Linguistik teoretis</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Linguistik_terapan" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik terapan">Linguistik terapan</a>.</div> <p><b>Bahasa buatan</b>, <b>bahasa artifisial</b>, atau <b>bahasa terkonstruksi</b> (dikenal dengan sebutan <b>conlang</b> singkatan dari istilah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>constructed language</i></span>) adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a> yang <a href="/wiki/Kosakata" title="Kosakata">kosakata</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tata_bahasa" title="Tata bahasa">tata bahasanya</a> diciptakan oleh seseorang atau sebuah kelompok kecil. Bahasa ini bertolak belakang dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_alami" title="Bahasa alami">bahasa alami</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: <span lang="en"><i>natural language, natlang</i></span>) yang secara alamiah berevolusi sebagai bagian dari sebuah <a href="/wiki/Budaya" title="Budaya">budaya</a>. Beberapa di antara conlang dirancang sebagai alat komunikasi manusia (biasanya berfungsi sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_auksiliari_internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa auksiliari internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa auksiliari internasional</a>), beberapa lainnya diciptakan untuk digunakan dalam karya fiksi atau sebagai eksperimen, untuk tujuan komunikasi rahasia, atau bahkan hanya untuk iseng saja. </p><p>Istilah "bahasa terencana" kadang digunakan untuk mengacu kepada bahasa auksiliari internasional, dan oleh mereka yang menganggap istilah "artifisial" berkonotasi peyoratif. Sebagai contoh, para penutur <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto">Esperanto</a> menyatakan bahwa "Esperanto adalah bahasa artifisal seperti layaknya mobil adalah kuda artifisal". Namun di luar komunitas Esperanto, istilah <i>bahasa terencana</i> ini biasanya merujuk kepada bahasa alami yang diatur secara <a href="/wiki/Preskriptivisme_(linguistik)" title="Preskriptivisme (linguistik)">preskriptif</a> oleh <a href="/wiki/Badan_pengatur_bahasa" title="Badan pengatur bahasa">badan pengatur bahasa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sekilas">Sekilas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sekilas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sekilas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa terkonstruksi sering kali dibagi menjadi bahasa <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_priori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A priori (halaman belum tersedia)">a priori</a></b> dan <b><a href="/wiki/A_posteriori" class="mw-redirect" title="A posteriori">a posteriori</a></b>. Bahasa <i>a priori</i> menggunakan kosakata dan tata bahasa yang diciptakan dari awal (bisa menggunakan imajinasi sang pencipta atau dengan proses komputasional). Sedangkan bahasa <i>a posteori</i> kosakata dan tata bahasanya didasarkan dari satu atau lebih bahasa alami. </p><p>Bahasa fiksi dan eksperimental dapat juga bersifat 'naturalistik', maksudnya bahasa tersebut memang diciptakan agar terdengar alamiah, dan apabila didasarkan <i>posteriori</i>, bahasa tersebut berusaha mengikuti aturan <a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">fonologikal</a>, leksikal dan gramatikal yang alamiah. Karena bahasa ini biasanya tidak diperuntukkan untuk kemudahan pembelajaran atau komunikasi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_fiksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa fiksi (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa fiksi</a> naturalistik biasanya lebih susah dan rumit (karena bahasa tersebut mencoba meniru perilaku yang biasa ditemui di bahasa alami seperti kata kerja dan benda yang tidak reguler, aturan fonologis yang rumit, dll.) </p><p>Jadi, berdasarkan keterangan di atas, bahasa terkonstruksi dapat dibagi menjadi: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_auksiliari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa auksiliari (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa auksiliari</a></b> (ing: auxiliary language, auxlangs) - bahasa yang diciptakan untuk komunikasi international</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_artistik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa artistik (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa artistik</a></b> (ing: artistic language, artlangs) - bahasa yang diciptakan dengan lebih melihat ke unsur estetikanya</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_logis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa logis (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa logis</a></b> (ing: logical language, loglangs) - bahasa yang diciptakan untuk keperluan dalam eksperimentasi dalam <a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">logika</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a></li></ul> <p>Sebuah bahasa terkonstruksi dapat mempunyai penutur ibu (<i>native speakers</i>), apabila sang anak mempelajarinya dari kecil dari orang tua yang mempelajarinya. Diperkirakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Esperanto" title="Bahasa Esperanto">Esperanto</a> mempunyai jumlah penutur asli sebanyak antara 200 sampai 2.000 orang. Seorang anggota dari <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klingon_Language_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klingon Language Institute (halaman belum tersedia)">Klingon Language Institute</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%27Armond_Speers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D'Armond Speers (halaman belum tersedia)">d'Armond Speers</a>, mencoba untuk membesarkan anaknya sebagai <i>native speaker</i> dari <a href="/wiki/Klingon" title="Klingon">Klingon</a> dan Inggris, tetapi dia menemukan bahwa pada waktu itu, kosakata Klingon tidak cukup besar untuk mengekspresikan benda yang sering ditemui di rumah, "meja" dan "botol" sebagai contohnya. </p><p>Pengguna bahasa terkontruksi juga kadang-kadang mempunyai alasan lain mengapa mereka menggunakannya. Di antara alasan tersebut, <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_Sapir-Whorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipotesis Sapir-Whorf">Hipotesis Sapir-Whorf</a> yang terkenal (walaupun masih diperdebatkan kebenarannya) sering disebut. Hipotesis tersebut mengklaim bahwa bahasa yang kita bicarakan mempengaruhi cara kita berpikir, sehingga, bahasa yang "lebih baik" harusnya dapat membuat sang pembicaranya mencapai tingkat intelegensi yang lebih tinggi, atau dapat menerima titik pandang yang lebih beragam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_penulisan_artifisial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem penulisan artifisial (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem penulisan artifisial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conlanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conlanger (halaman belum tersedia)">Conlanger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Representasi_pengetahuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Representasi pengetahuan (halaman belum tersedia)">Representasi pengetahuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akademi_bahasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademi bahasa">Akademi bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permainan_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permainan bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Permainan bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penerjemahan_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penerjemahan bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Penerjemahan bahasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Toki_Pona" title="Bahasa Toki Pona">Bahasa Toki Pona</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Komunitas">Komunitas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Komunitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Komunitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://listserv.brown.edu/archives/conlang.html">Conlang Mailing List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livejournal.com/community/conlangs">LiveJournal Conlangs Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spinnoff.com/zbb/index.php">Zompist Bulletin Board</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup> - Forum daring yang cukup aktif dan diperuntukan untuk conlang (dan conworld juga)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kutjara.com/wiki">ZBB Wiki</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup> - sebuah wiki, yang dikelola oleh penghuni dari Forum Zompist</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artlangs.com">ArtLangs.com:: The ArtLangs Community</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup> - Sebuah forum dan situs tentang conlang dan conwrold</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petunjuk,_guide,_How_Tos"><span id="Petunjuk.2C_guide.2C_How_Tos"></span>Petunjuk, <i>guide</i>, <i>How Tos</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Petunjuk, guide, How Tos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Petunjuk, guide, How Tos"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zompist.com/kit.html">The Language Construction Kit</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020911081601/http://www.angelfire.com/ego/pdf/ng/lng/how/index.html">How to Create a Language</a> oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pablo_David_Flores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pablo David Flores (halaman belum tersedia)">Pablo David Flores</a>, terinspirasi oleh Language Construction Kit, mencakup topik-topik yang tidak dibahas di sana. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021003085853/http://www.angelfire.com/ego/pdf/sp/lng/como/index.html">Cómo crear un lenguaje</a> - versi <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Bahasa Spanyol</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koleksi_pranala">Koleksi pranala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Koleksi pranala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Koleksi pranala"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myconlanglinks.tk/">Link-Link tentang conlang</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404090519/http://www.myconlanglinks.tk/">Diarsipkan</a> 2005-04-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langmaker.com/">Conlang Profiles at Langmaker.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217103755/http://www.langmaker.com/">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-12-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. - lebih dari 1.000 bahasa dicantumkan, sering dimutakhirkan.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homunculus.com/babel/">Blueprints For Babel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321094315/http://www.homunculus.com/babel/">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-03-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minyeva.alkaline.org/links.htm">Garrett's Links to Logical Languages</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koleksi_pranala_berisi_informasi_tentang_bahasa_terkonstruksi">Koleksi pranala berisi informasi tentang bahasa terkonstruksi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Koleksi pranala berisi informasi tentang bahasa terkonstruksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Koleksi pranala berisi informasi tentang bahasa terkonstruksi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sys.uea.ac.uk/~jrk/conlang.html">Some Internet resources relating to constructed languages</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langmaker.com/db/rsc_a2z_index.htm">More Internet resources relating to constructed languages</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeanne-la-pucelle.ifrance.com/index.php?">Hahn aren sathyrrah</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Libert, Alan (2000). <i>A Priori Artificial Languages</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Munich: Lincom Europa. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-89586-667-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-89586-667-9">3-89586-667-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Priori+Artificial+Languages&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Lincom+Europa&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-89586-667-9&rft.aulast=Libert&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+buatan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&oldid=23715686">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_buatan&oldid=23715686</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Linguistik" title="Kategori:Linguistik">Linguistik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_artifisial" title="Kategori:Bahasa artifisial">Bahasa artifisial</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif_permanen" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 20 Juni 2023, pukul 06.21.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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