CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c700720ff49b8a',cH: 'aa_Hz.ccL50OJYoeCDycjG8MDevaHXZ.CGnY19dhRjk-1741318095-1.2.1.1-w1Dkt9f0jC006nOZ.tYbupmw31C16MOBIpx_4jSi3_DQnFzJlibBe..wPQhjWaOK',cUPMDTk: "\/10000316\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=lVZYuAe7ZptTmz8X1t4Y1kLse6nH1Kt1jRyyan5pSmM-1741318095-1.0.1.1-WuUz9tPPsHGzO3vIwVuJRtNJDID72MjWkOdfjlQE2eo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741318095',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10000316\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=lVZYuAe7ZptTmz8X1t4Y1kLse6nH1Kt1jRyyan5pSmM-1741318095-1.0.1.1-WuUz9tPPsHGzO3vIwVuJRtNJDID72MjWkOdfjlQE2eo",md: "3qbSaxBvpsF0lOORzIQsZCEIKU.gq68UIYh1vUu6UWQ-1741318095-1.2.1.1-qeLoEBk_W4tGT4DI8pvmoAGu3bCb9JQR2YqUSW87tCHZm0TQW5X8UystVNxl8Xi0hmiFpxq8GARnztY.O2MqWw59XuoaMJyl9iQhhZ74ox4XIAptadRGXfDw1r3yTarJy3KcSfipvd.2mqQUQaGeufjhuBvm5HqHFJjM76MO78zUVEUhVMr3DOEfALLJFv8QWpKVwqqMxEleStwh95KeS.XcUea36EFhc7PTgpUenlf9S7qcJ_XBP9Bq0rGe4H1pI.v8gY64sbHonUBEbkWq0.AvLa018Up1hUv1HpaLEBGKHYf0jn6ooQw_cPtAJfGl1X8myGmYfRlTuS8poR1H8FEo.mmGdKIzK8MN0WIMQHtVTVdUKlQjB5ynklw3og1uPRKJJ2hxsBdemVBt2JH9KKCk4h2uSTWGMAc2RN_SVd8wJVNLm9R7ohuv5oQ89VOwIw9E3eqc5P_Hua2xRgGTE1tqGroUCn.iLrSXjlPupmCJbRJTod_DxpyrhIKqRvksIqwbTKia_HVh0RF5T2OvIrrPba_xke7a.mLJlM8HVj7CUiKsmGBoZLb9tO0d7Mjw4DBm6zgSFTucoGYGphZX4XR1iPvB1UnkNGot6xpxxi0whsgeDIaPU1llFRiKf.CWRiliHf.XaoNDn0.v_dRW36D_maXetkYov9NdvU_OTW1Or05qtCKPB433eZJDCs3OFpNGhmP9XuE.WvWLP4tOalAuhsgeumNfNCoPuIist_SesxNhqykW_FXK8_Ov8JYOE257WRY2aatEb09VMMOlSiULLemAQbq5pPVavFO8Rk36K0BQUuaL2X0iGaW6rmU83vk1YDnLSL5X1YGJCifZYSTkzqhj9_MmCe.tK5.bjjZGor.cZ_2wxG2xpKTv4HPUZRXar3UTuZ18HRV4Dr4Hr3Gp1K6hA94efOGkNct9SXZllrWewQxOWaOve.sSIA4TqBMF.ZpDQg_wGdygOy4F5XesDzT4KyMzpcGZoVPkY_hAMI2czB72Dd9ceRwhdTOi88f70eqKX03LX6wHVU1O3ODENMgNXREk8e.qbbmWSbxFh2Z5S4ejUYYnkR8043rIE2LefWWwK1JSxrxNnCu9vmEFBPNYD5SDAhmLG4yLlrw8KRu2VgpfMprfXUwSw2EgUYrGEom8TXiayU3ZbQ4RwVH0uFtJiS9RiM.vfY2FN4APfayOoRD6O7kr14Hna4w.8Kel_1GWRf9Mb8WhoDegkg",mdrd: "bu5Le57CPzjXvUvIyTl6K_aWGLDoOuSy.KqkuFhskwY-1741318095-1.2.1.1-i2f7fGhiF_DVH19cIKs8GljOKEG7Uqyk0eH.9O_qKn9TiJlDtSjemQpVX0vVHkvlLGARPrE6y0gaViUXPUJ0pFkKX1TDIVKLf7Xw0LfIqCiP_IOkZhttgcEtwH1vX5Lm9dg_EytGBEIuzfMRKUznygXgQA7JZl3HsjAgBlMync3hzOddZi0rjl9ZI7yhjLz6LWTjvymzLPb6U.9LGIWwE7pX_mdLxJFkwyr2stNzriC8U9nsTfwsdAwvHyrcDtU8OU2LElB6DU2wCW_2T9zi8sccr_3xpT.5a4pzQdidb5gu6SnN5E0Sn2tm9FvkKf.nA972oSlpM2SyYQc1admMW1aXlzEgfLF6i2YKL8IddB0UNt8PZDgkK3oZlKxanVLMdAui_D68Slkp2zF.7p1wbbVDhUANYh54dHC_Jjl8x5NnbIlAljThD.UOa.Jp8Q4fU6QboznGaGq8Or9pJODqrMHtBfL6wWOeFs5vTm8qH4XdUdNZwYtr2osyi5vnJLUqarkVWeVmTKxK3sAgJQ6QVDNG_J4lJoBV6z8mXdqP0X4hvJtPwSYfxpG1GkHQb11q4.Fhd3OeBc1jjLvOCXtjS5zaeaSXyULE1ktOgtIPHPUk0RBGVrumy8YrNlh4YCThPWN_iPk30Lf3Zq2P125oXFb7CGOt99gjtfDy.JtLZDgsjs0E6xRKWIRRPV0kiTrD7oypSBApejHScwOVNIG.hkhEzWhY5Zuk9_OTDU0mgtLn6ljyUv5ouiNBfzgz4PAaq1TCU4f8f9NqHk23eKzrNIsL5cw5s2.RvK7pb2GqKhW.E3ug1n9b3GelcIzyB1IzZhpWuh0jfB1FXgFL9yxFGCE7cgJVGmoQaVapul2PyLf.rucJNxGAtX5gc0.2tHo9RPffYlQO49cZ6Xjzg.I2xwkXuITvqzMmPBfbgFo0hMEgkk0j3J51WLiQFa53dr3xkDIpEUgvV1BGh5pAF.ZSEoD3kmu9CMBEic9HJAy7xDXF2AQgZ3fdsQeoLUNAeV5j5C.stUmliEYPImV63GTagqJ7L9uy7kBb_ccMp3Y6W61SC5DPtL5hteVgCfup_EgQArXfznZszi1vTkswkFJRdXrlnCDJmWwt86d5pnxr0_8bfagYb5kRm.zQS8lgWCqIdvOS_kn75G8Ow3ttu9S_c5GScH82qOYT8upidirDCPxlCR26rWylgEeD3CM3uSJ6ntuE9n_2rwxXZpsFuUr6A_Y7BLpVsXtzHMMA1e.K6fT9NCz3YcKH7Zo05OpRcavMyWDjLQHSLOOxFXl.arOTUqWXLtXJtiWbhmEtEVB0f5lfctikZkYC.l3DvTUetc9N6RxA_9Pj5AosLbUHQeVxtV8CPsyUwCpsfpesVukh5NbyoL1Zga7i.9GuVeifUGi8oW_d22Z6HGoO9gzxMvdEA4GPqWICf_I.MpeBBNcOXiB3_Wp13bnUbS5DWDbBTJ2lUIe8MZHNILIpUMfIWuMKnlzkypiCW3o.fiH42_eo9wVJwhrUQjKFoFpHPlHrE_DiYMM_s4jwpHxA0A0Z1eFFcLAUzcQc80Gd7PFVj7PdVeINNb3zbFV.lxTHQ.QL8edYI.PajWX3mbGcHSJ0.vsPPGXMJ8ymxns4v._.5Ou4PZmoZhEhnRip4JWyBaKlB7vXBlu_mYIQYHFYphwwlfbF1RgyXYJaONJJGqvHEQiA8vnI7PqcTnkfPQVV6yvJAVdPPWQaM_d.KHQaBP6RNdpwV0THden9fsGV0xuCdn_Se5MUbEsHv3Qx.x2tqA6UnFE7Rcz2UWhRuG8GFBiDWVjMjIEzWYAj_nCe_1hDZkiKXG9n0c7Mq4zXa424vx6GW7a8JX4LZwBxk12KlDTBGwnKH7jh.XhwwS8Z_Qx3LBuolGxc1xf9JW9Vs2OqNh4re1XOxHZnu7gmLY3q99hJ2ZwoGalTJvc4K_r2IPCOhzMucT2FVuGLCuW7.IrQKSEU8zNK"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c700720ff49b8a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10000316\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=lVZYuAe7ZptTmz8X1t4Y1kLse6nH1Kt1jRyyan5pSmM-1741318095-1.0.1.1-WuUz9tPPsHGzO3vIwVuJRtNJDID72MjWkOdfjlQE2eo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>