CSRC Topics - advanced persistent threats

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class="breadcrumb-link">threats</a> </div> <div class="topics-content"> <h1 id="page-name">advanced persistent threats <small id="page-acronym">APT</small> </h1> <div class="page-social-buttons" id=""page-social-buttons""> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930133236/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.csrc.e1c.nist.gov%2Ftopics%2Fsecurity-and-privacy%2Frisk-management%2Fthreats%2Fadvanced-persistent-threats" class="social-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930133236/https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.csrc.e1c.nist.gov%2Ftopics%2Fsecurity-and-privacy%2Frisk-management%2Fthreats%2Fadvanced-persistent-threats" class="social-twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Twitter</span></a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12"> <div style="margin-bottom: 1.4rem;" id="page-description">An adversary that possesses sophisticated levels of expertise and significant resources which allow it to create opportunities to achieve its objectives by using multiple attack vectors (e.g., cyber, physical, and deception). These objectives typically include establishing and extending footholds within the information technology infrastructure of the targeted organizations for purposes of exfiltrating information, undermining or impeding critical aspects of a mission, program, or organization; or positioning itself to carry out these objectives in the future. The advanced persistent threat: (i) pursues its objectives repeatedly over an extended period of time; (ii) adapts to defenders’ efforts to resist it; and (iii) is determined to maintain the level of interaction needed to execute its objectives. [<a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-53/rev-4/final">SP 800-53 Rev. 5</a>]</div> <div class="news-list" id="related-news-list"> <h3><i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i> Related News</h3> <div class="news-list-item" id="related-news-item-0"> <strong><a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2022/nist-releases-sp-800-172a" id="related-news-link-0">NIST SP 800-172A: Assessment Procedures for Enhanced Security Requirements</a></strong><br/> <small><strong id="related-news-date-0">March 15, 2022</strong></small><br/> <span id="related-news-desc-0">NIST Releases Special Publication 800-172A, "Assessment Procedures for Enhanced Security...</span> </div> <div class="news-list-item" id="related-news-item-1"> <strong><a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2021/revised-guidance-for-developing-cyber-resiliency" id="related-news-link-1">NIST Revises Guidance for Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems</a></strong><br/> <small><strong id="related-news-date-1">December 9, 2021</strong></small><br/> <span id="related-news-desc-1">NIST announces the release of a major update to Special Publication (SP) 800-160 Volume 2, Revision...</span> </div> <div class="news-list-item" id="related-news-item-2"> <strong><a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2021/developing-cyber-resilient-systems-draft-rev-1" id="related-news-link-2">Developing Cyber-Resilient Systems: Draft SP 800-160 Vol 2 Rev 1</a></strong><br/> <small><strong id="related-news-date-2">August 5, 2021</strong></small><br/> <span id="related-news-desc-2">A public comment period is open through September 20, 2021, for Draft Special Publication 800-160...</span> </div> <div class="news-list-item" id="related-news-item-3"> <strong><a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2021/nist-publishes-sp-800-172" id="related-news-link-3">NIST Publishes SP 800-172</a></strong><br/> <small><strong id="related-news-date-3">February 2, 2021</strong></small><br/> <span id="related-news-desc-3">NIST announces the release of Special Publication (SP) 800-172, "Enhanced Security Requirements for...</span> </div> <div class="news-list-item" id="related-news-item-4"> <strong><a href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2020/draft-sp-800-172-enhanced-security-cui" id="related-news-link-4">Draft SP 800-172: Enhanced Security Reqs for CUI</a></strong><br/> <small><strong id="related-news-date-4">July 6, 2020</strong></small><br/> <span id="related-news-desc-4">NIST has released a final public draft for comment: Draft Special Publication (SP) 800-172. 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href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography">cryptography</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27647" data-topic-text="digital signatures" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/digital-signatures">digital signatures</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27648" data-topic-text="encryption" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/encryption">encryption</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27649" data-topic-text="key management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/key-management">key management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="30027" data-topic-text="lightweight cryptography" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/lightweight-cryptography">lightweight cryptography</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27650" data-topic-text="message authentication" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/message-authentication">message authentication</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27651" data-topic-text="post-quantum cryptography" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/post-quantum-cryptography">post-quantum cryptography</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27652" data-topic-text="random number generation" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/random-number-generation">random number generation</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27653" data-topic-text="secure hashing" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/secure-hashing">secure hashing</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27482" data-topic-text="cybersecurity supply chain risk management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cyber-supply-chain-risk-management">cybersecurity supply chain risk management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27483" data-topic-text="general security & privacy" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/general-security-and-privacy">general security & privacy</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27484"></i> <a data-topic-id="27484" data-topic-text="identity & access management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management">identity & access management</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27663" data-topic-text="access authorization" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/access-authorization">access authorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27664" data-topic-text="access control" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/access-control">access control</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27665" data-topic-text="authentication" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/authentication">authentication</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27666" data-topic-text="Personal Identity Verification" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/PIV">Personal Identity Verification</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27667" data-topic-text="public key infrastructure" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/identity-and-access-management/PKI">public key infrastructure</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27485"></i> <a data-topic-id="27485" data-topic-text="privacy" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy">privacy</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27680" data-topic-text="personally identifiable information" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy/personally-identifiable-information">personally identifiable information</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27681" data-topic-text="privacy engineering" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/privacy/privacy-engineering">privacy engineering</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-minus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27486" data-expander-for="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/advanced-persistent-threats" data-expanded="true"></i> <a data-topic-id="27486" data-topic-text="risk management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management">risk management</a><ul><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27682" data-topic-text="categorization" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/categorization">categorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27683" data-topic-text="continuous monitoring" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/continuous-monitoring">continuous monitoring</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-27486-27684"></i> <a data-topic-id="27684" data-topic-text="controls" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls">controls</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27767" data-topic-text="controls assessment" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/controls-assessment">controls assessment</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27768" data-topic-text="privacy controls" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/privacy-controls">privacy controls</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27769" data-topic-text="security controls" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/controls/security-controls">security controls</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27685" data-topic-text="risk assessment" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/risk-assessment">risk assessment</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27686" data-topic-text="roots of trust" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/roots-of-trust">roots of trust</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27687" data-topic-text="system authorization" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/system-authorization">system authorization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-minus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-27486-27688" data-expander-for="/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/advanced-persistent-threats" data-expanded="true"></i> <a data-topic-id="27688" data-topic-text="threats" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats">threats</a><ul><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <span data-topic-id="27770" data-topic-text="advanced persistent threats">advanced persistent threats</span></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27771" data-topic-text="botnets" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/botnets">botnets</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27772" data-topic-text="information sharing" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/information-sharing">information sharing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27773" data-topic-text="intrusion detection & prevention" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/intrusion-detection-and-prevention">intrusion detection & prevention</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27774" data-topic-text="malware" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/threats/malware">malware</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27689" data-topic-text="vulnerability management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/risk-management/vulnerability-management">vulnerability management</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27487"></i> <a data-topic-id="27487" data-topic-text="security & behavior" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior">security & behavior</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27709" data-topic-text="accessibility" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/accessibility">accessibility</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27710" data-topic-text="behavior" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/behavior">behavior</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27711" data-topic-text="usability" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-and-behavior/usability">usability</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27488"></i> <a data-topic-id="27488" data-topic-text="security measurement" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement">security measurement</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27690" data-topic-text="analytics" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/analytics">analytics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27691" data-topic-text="assurance" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/assurance">assurance</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27692" data-topic-text="modeling" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/modeling">modeling</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27693" data-topic-text="testing & validation" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-measurement/testing-and-validation">testing & validation</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27489"></i> <a data-topic-id="27489" data-topic-text="security programs & operations" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations">security programs & operations</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27694" data-topic-text="acquisition" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/acquisition">acquisition</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27695" data-topic-text="asset management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/asset-management">asset management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27696" data-topic-text="audit & accountability" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/audit-and-accountability">audit & accountability</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27697" data-topic-text="awareness training & education" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/awareness-training-education">awareness training & education</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27698" data-topic-text="configuration management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/configuration-management">configuration management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27699" data-topic-text="contingency planning" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/contingency-planning">contingency planning</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27700" data-topic-text="incident response" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/incident-response">incident response</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27701" data-topic-text="maintenance" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/maintenance">maintenance</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27702" data-topic-text="media protection" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/media-protection">media protection</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27703" data-topic-text="patch management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/patch-management">patch management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27704" data-topic-text="personnel security" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/personnel-security">personnel security</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27705" data-topic-text="physical & environmental protection" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/physical-and-environmental-protection">physical & environmental protection</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27706" data-topic-text="planning" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/planning">planning</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27707" data-topic-text="program management" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/program-management">program management</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27708" data-topic-text="security automation" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/security-programs-and-operations/security-automation">security automation</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24670-27490"></i> <a data-topic-id="27490" data-topic-text="systems security engineering" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering">systems security engineering</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-27490-27713"></i> <a data-topic-id="27713" data-topic-text="trustworthiness" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness">trustworthiness</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27775" data-topic-text="reliability" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/reliability">reliability</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27776" data-topic-text="resilience" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/resilience">resilience</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27777" data-topic-text="safety" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/systems-security-engineering/trustworthiness/safety">safety</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28469" data-topic-text="zero trust" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/zero-trust">zero trust</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24663-24671"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24671" data-topic-text="Technologies" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies">Technologies</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27491" data-topic-text="artificial intelligence" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/artificial-intelligence">artificial intelligence</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27492" data-topic-text="big data" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/big-data">big data</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27493" data-topic-text="biometrics" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/biometrics">biometrics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27494" data-topic-text="blockchain" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/blockchain">blockchain</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27495" data-topic-text="cloud & virtualization" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/cloud-computing-and-virtualization">cloud & virtualization</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27496" data-topic-text="combinatorial testing" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/combinatorial-testing">combinatorial testing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27497" data-topic-text="complexity" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/complexity">complexity</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24671-27499"></i> <a data-topic-id="27499" data-topic-text="hardware" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/hardware">hardware</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27714" data-topic-text="circuits" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/hardware/circuits">circuits</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27715" data-topic-text="personal computers" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/hardware/personal-computers">personal computers</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27716" data-topic-text="sensors" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/hardware/sensors">sensors</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27498" data-topic-text="mobile" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/mobile">mobile</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24671-27500"></i> <a data-topic-id="27500" data-topic-text="networks" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/networks">networks</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27717" data-topic-text="email" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/networks/email">email</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27718" data-topic-text="firewalls" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/networks/firewalls">firewalls</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27719" data-topic-text="internet" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/networks/internet">internet</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27501" data-topic-text="quantum information science" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/quantum-information-science">quantum information science</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27502" data-topic-text="servers" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/servers">servers</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27503" data-topic-text="smart cards" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/smart-cards">smart cards</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24671-27504"></i> <a data-topic-id="27504" data-topic-text="software & firmware" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/software-firmware">software & firmware</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27720" data-topic-text="BIOS" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/bios">BIOS</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27721" data-topic-text="databases" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/databases">databases</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27722" data-topic-text="operating systems" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/software-firmware/operating-systems">operating systems</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27505" data-topic-text="storage" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/technologies/storage">storage</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24663-24672"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24672" data-topic-text="Applications" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications">Applications</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27456" data-topic-text="communications & wireless" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/communications-and-wireless">communications & wireless</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27457" data-topic-text="cyber-physical systems" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/cyber-physical-systems">cyber-physical systems</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27458" data-topic-text="cybersecurity education" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-education">cybersecurity education</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27459" data-topic-text="cybersecurity framework" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-framework">cybersecurity framework</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27460" data-topic-text="cybersecurity workforce" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/cybersecurity-workforce">cybersecurity workforce</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27461" data-topic-text="enterprise" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/enterprise">enterprise</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27462" data-topic-text="forensics" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/forensics">forensics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27463" data-topic-text="industrial control systems" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/industrial-control-systems">industrial control systems</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27464" data-topic-text="Internet of Things" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/Internet-of-Things">Internet of Things</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="29979" data-topic-text="mathematics" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/mathematics">mathematics</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27920" data-topic-text="positioning navigation & timing" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/positioning-navigation-timing">positioning navigation & timing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27465" data-topic-text="small & medium business" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/small-and-medium-business">small & medium business</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27466" data-topic-text="telework" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/telework">telework</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27467" data-topic-text="voting" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Applications/voting">voting</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24663-24673"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24673" data-topic-text="Laws and Regulations" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations">Laws and Regulations</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24673-27468"></i> <a data-topic-id="27468" data-topic-text="executive documents" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents">executive documents</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27668" data-topic-text="Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/CNCI">Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27669" data-topic-text="Cybersecurity Strategy and Implementation Plan" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/CSIP">Cybersecurity Strategy and Implementation Plan</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27670" data-topic-text="Cyberspace Policy Review" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Cyberspace-Policy-Review">Cyberspace Policy Review</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27671" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13636" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13636">Executive Order 13636</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27672" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13702" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13702">Executive Order 13702</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27673" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13718" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13718">Executive Order 13718</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27674" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13800" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/EO-13800">Executive Order 13800</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27921" data-topic-text="Executive Order 13905" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Executive-Order-13905">Executive Order 13905</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28468" data-topic-text="Executive Order 14028" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Executive-Order-14028">Executive Order 14028</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27675" data-topic-text="Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/Federal-Cybersecurity-Research-and-Development">Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27676" data-topic-text="Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/HSPD-7">Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27677" data-topic-text="Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/HSPD-12">Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27678" data-topic-text="OMB Circular A-11" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/OMB-A-11">OMB Circular A-11</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27679" data-topic-text="OMB Circular A-130" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/executive-documents/OMB-A-130">OMB Circular A-130</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24673-27469"></i> <a data-topic-id="27469" data-topic-text="laws" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws">laws</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27654" data-topic-text="Cyber Security R&D Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Cyber-Security-Research-and-Development-Act">Cyber Security R&D; Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27655" data-topic-text="Cybersecurity Enhancement Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Cybersecurity-Enhancement-Act">Cybersecurity Enhancement Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27656" data-topic-text="E-Government Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/E-Gov-Act">E-Government Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27657" data-topic-text="Energy Independence and Security Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/EISA">Energy Independence and Security Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27658" data-topic-text="Federal Information Security Modernization Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/FISMA">Federal Information Security Modernization Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27659" data-topic-text="First Responder Network Authority" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/FirstNet">First Responder Network Authority</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27660" data-topic-text="Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/HIPAA">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27661" data-topic-text="Help America Vote Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/HAVA">Help America Vote Act</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="28580" data-topic-text="Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/laws/Internet-of-Things-Cybersecurity-Improvement-Act">Internet of Things Cybersecurity Improvement Act</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24673-27470"></i> <a data-topic-id="27470" data-topic-text="regulations" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/regulations">regulations</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27662" data-topic-text="Federal Acquisition Regulation" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Laws-and-Regulations/regulations/FAR">Federal Acquisition Regulation</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24663-24674"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24674" data-topic-text="Activities and Products" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products">Activities and Products</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27452" data-topic-text="annual reports" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products/annual-reports">annual reports</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27453" data-topic-text="conferences & workshops" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products/conferences-and-workshops">conferences & workshops</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="30210" data-topic-text="groups" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products/groups">groups</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27454" data-topic-text="reference materials" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products/reference-materials">reference materials</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27455" data-topic-text="standards development" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Activities-and-Products/standards-development">standards development</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24663-24675"></i> <strong><a data-topic-id="24675" data-topic-text="Sectors" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors">Sectors</a></strong><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-plus fa-fw fa-sm" id="topics-expander-tcd-24675-27472"></i> <a data-topic-id="27472" data-topic-text="energy" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/energy">energy</a><ul style="display: none;"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27712" data-topic-text="smart grid" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/energy/smart-grid">smart grid</a></li></ul> </li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27473" data-topic-text="financial services" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/financial-services">financial services</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27474" data-topic-text="healthcare" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/healthcare">healthcare</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27475" data-topic-text="hospitality" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/hospitality">hospitality</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27476" data-topic-text="manufacturing" href="/web/20230930133236/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Sectors/manufacturing">manufacturing</a></li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-sm"></i> <a data-topic-id="27477" data-topic-text="public safety" 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