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href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Atomo+nukleo" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Atomo+nukleo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Atomo+nukleo" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Atomo+nukleo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atomo nukleo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 120 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Atoomkern" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु नाभिक – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="परमाणु नाभिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نواة الذرة – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نواة الذرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نوية د درة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نوية د درة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_at%C3%B3micu" title="Nucleu atómicu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nucleu atómicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomun_n%C3%BCv%C9%99si" title="Atomun nüvəsi – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atomun nüvəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="آتوم چکیردگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آتوم چکیردگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atuoma_kondouls" title="Atuoma kondouls – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Atuoma kondouls" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomikong_nukleyus" title="Atomikong nukleyus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Atomikong nukleyus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атамнае ядро – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Атамнае ядро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атамнае ядро – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Атамнае ядро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомно ядро – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Атомно ядро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="परमाणविक पदर्थबिद्या – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परमाणविक पदर्थबिद्या" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="နျူးကလီးယပ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နျူးကလီးယပ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="পারমাণবিক নিউক্লিয়াস – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারমাণবিক নিউক্লিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukle%C3%BCs_(an_atomo%C3%B9)" title="Nukleüs (an atomoù) – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nukleüs (an atomoù)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Atomsko jezgro" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_at%C3%B2mic" title="Nucli atòmic – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nucli atòmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_h%C5%8Fk" title="Nguòng-cṳ̄ hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-cṳ̄ hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_Atomicu" title="Nucleu Atomicu – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nucleu Atomicu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomov%C3%A9_j%C3%A1dro" title="Atomové jádro – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Atomové jádro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нуклонсар – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нуклонсар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwclews_atomig" title="Niwclews atomig – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Niwclews atomig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkerne" title="Atomkerne – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Atomkerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkern" title="Atomkern – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Atomkern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dend%C4%B1k%C3%AA_atomi" title="Dendıkê atomi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dendıkê atomi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ατομικός πυρήνας – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομικός πυρήνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkerno" title="Atomkerno – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Atomkerno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aatomituum" title="Aatomituum – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aatomituum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85" title="هسته اتم – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هسته اتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomiydin" title="Atomiydin – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Atomiydin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadomis%C3%A4s%C3%BC" title="Aadomisäsü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Aadomisäsü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noyau_atomique" title="Noyau atomique – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noyau atomique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkearn" title="Atoomkearn – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Atoomkearn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAicl%C3%A9as_adamhach" title="Núicléas adamhach – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Núicléas adamhach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B9clas" title="Niùclas – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Niùclas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="גרעין האטום – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרעין האטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="परमाणु नाभिक – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परमाणु नाभिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Atomska jezgra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwayo_atomik" title="Nwayo atomik – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nwayo atomik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atommag" title="Atommag – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Atommag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF_(%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4)" title="Միջուկ (ատոմ) – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջուկ (ատոմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_atomic" title="Nucleo atomic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Nucleo atomic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inti atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleo_atomala" title="Nukleo atomala – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nukleo atomala" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumeindakjarni" title="Frumeindakjarni – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumeindakjarni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nucleo atomico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_Atom" title="Inti Atom – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Inti Atom" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ატომის ბირთვი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ატომის ბირთვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3yay_abelkam" title="Aɣyay abelkam – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣyay abelkam" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Атом ядросы – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Атом ядросы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಬೈಜಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೈಜಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90%ED%95%B5" title="원자핵 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원자핵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D9%85%D9%95%D8%B1" title="کنہٕ مٕر – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کنہٕ مٕر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navok" title="Navok – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Navok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_atomi" title="Nucleus atomi – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nucleus atomi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoamkaen" title="Atoamkaen – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Atoamkaen" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucli_(fisega)" title="Nucli (fisega) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nucli (fisega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%B3k%C3%B3l%C3%B3_mwa_atome" title="Mokókóló mwa atome – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokókóló mwa atome" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B9" title="ແກນປະລໍາມະນູ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແກນປະລໍາມະນູ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomo_branduolys" title="Atomo branduolys – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atomo branduolys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoma_kodols" title="Atoma kodols – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atoma kodols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus" title="Nukleus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Nukleus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Атом том – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Атом том" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомско јадро – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Атомско јадро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അണുകേന്ദ്രം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അണുകേന്ദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%86%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Атомын цөм – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Атомын цөм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अणुकेंद्र – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अणुकेंद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus_atom" title="Nukleus atom – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nukleus atom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8F_%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A" title="အက််တမ်၏ နျူကလိယ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက််တမ်၏ နျူကလိယ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Atoomkern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkjerne" title="Atomkjerne – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Atomkjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomkjerne" title="Atomkjerne – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Atomkjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleus" title="Nukleus – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nukleus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucl%C3%A8u_atomic" title="Nuclèu atomic – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nuclèu atomic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwukilasii_atoomii" title="Niwukilasii atoomii – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Niwukilasii atoomii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AD" title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਨਾਭ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਮਾਣੂ ਨਾਭ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%85dro_atomowe" title="Jądro atomowe – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jądro atomowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ایٹمی نیوکلیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایٹمی نیوکلیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_at%C3%B3mico" title="Núcleo atómico – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Núcleo atómico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_huk%27i" title="Iñuku huk'i – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku huk'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_atomic" title="Nucleu atomic – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nucleu atomic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомное ядро – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атомное ядро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомове ядро – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Атомове ядро" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ايٽمي نيوڪليس – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايٽمي نيوڪليس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jezgro" title="Atomsko jezgro – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Atomsko jezgro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Atomic nucleus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%B3mov%C3%A9_jadro" title="Atómové jadro – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Atómové jadro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomsko_jedro" title="Atomsko jedro – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atomsko jedro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABrthama_e_atomit" title="Bërthama e atomit – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bërthama e atomit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Атомско језгро – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Атомско језгро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4%C3%A4den" title="Atomkääden – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Atomkääden" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_atom" title="Inti atom – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Inti atom" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomk%C3%A4rna" title="Atomkärna – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Atomkärna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiini_cha_atomu" title="Kiini cha atomu – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiini cha atomu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81" title="அணுக்கரு – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அணுக்கரு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పరమాణు కేంద్రకం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పరమాణు కేంద్రకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="นิวเคลียสของอะตอม – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวเคลียสของอะตอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomikong_nukleyus" title="Atomikong nukleyus – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Atomikong nukleyus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%C3%A7ekirde%C4%9Fi" title="Atom çekirdeği – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Atom çekirdeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Ядро атома – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядро атома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81" title="جوہری نویہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جوہری نویہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_yadrosi" title="Atom yadrosi – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atom yadrosi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD" title="Hạt nhân nguyên tử – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạt nhân nguyên tử" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukleyus_hin_atomo" title="Nukleyus hin atomo – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nukleyus hin atomo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="אטאמקערן – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אטאמקערן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAkl%C3%A9%C3%B9_%C3%A1t%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Núkléù átọ̀mù – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Núkléù átọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzswjhaed" title="Yenzswjhaed – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzswjhaed" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%8E_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E" title="ⵓⵥⵎ ⴰⵡⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⵥⵎ ⴰⵡⴱⵍⴽⵉⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-ch%C3%BA-hu%CC%8Dt" title="Goân-chú-hu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-chú-hu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原子核" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INuzi_lechwe" title="INuzi lechwe – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INuzi lechwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37147#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atomo_nukleo" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Atomo_nukleo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleo_atomiko&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleo atomiko">Nukleo atomiko</a>» orritik birbideratua)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Helium_atom_QM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/300px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/450px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/600px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helio" title="Helio">Helio</a> atomoaren gutxi gora-beherako irudikapena. Nukleoan protoiak gorriz eta neutroiak urdinez margotuta agertzen dira. Benetan nukleoa ere simetrikoki esferikoa da.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Atomo-nukleoa</b> edo <b>nukleo atomikoa</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> baten erdigunea da, non bere <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> guztiaren % 99,99 baino gehiago dagoen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Protoi" title="Protoi">Protoiz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Neutroi" title="Neutroi">neutroiz</a> osatua dago (<a href="/wiki/Nukleoi" title="Nukleoi">nukleoi</a> deituak), <a href="/wiki/Elkarrekintza_nuklear_bortitz" title="Elkarrekintza nuklear bortitz">elkarrekintza nuklear bortitzaren</a> bidez elkartuta mantentzen direnak. Nukleoan dagoen protoi kopuruak elementu kimikoa zein den adierazten du. Nukleoan protoi kopuru bera baina neutroi kopuru ezberdina duten atomoei <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a> deritze. Protoiek nukleoari <a href="/wiki/Karga_elektriko" title="Karga elektriko">karga elektriko</a> positiboa ematen diote, hain zuzen ere protoien kargen baturaren balioa duena. </p><p>Atomo nukleoaren existentzia <a href="/wiki/Geiger-Marsden_saiakuntza" title="Geiger-Marsden saiakuntza">Geiger-Marsden saiakuntzaren</a> bidez ebatzi zen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Egitura">Egitura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Egitura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Egitura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atomo baten protoi eta neutroi batu guztiek <a class="mw-selflink selflink">atomo nukleo</a> ñimiño bat osatzen dute. Partikula horiei <a href="/wiki/Nukleoi" title="Nukleoi">nukleoi</a> deitzen zaie kolektiboki. Nukleo baten erradioa gutxi gorabehera <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1.07{\sqrt[{3}]{A}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1.07</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1.07{\sqrt[{3}]{A}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a74a6ca6998768195969eef75ca046e8431c29d3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.813ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1.07{\sqrt[{3}]{A}}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Femtometro" title="Femtometro">femtometro</a> da, non <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> nukleoi kopuru osoa den<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Atomoaren erradioa baino askoz txikiagoa da, 10<sup>5</sup> fm ingurukoa dena. Nukleoiak <a href="/wiki/Indar_nuklear" title="Indar nuklear">indar nuklear</a> izeneko irismen laburreko potentzial erakargarri batek lotzen ditu. 2,5 fm-tik beherako distantzietan, indar hau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indar_elektrostatiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indar elektrostatiko (sortu gabe)">indar elektrostatikoa</a> baino askoz indartsuagoa da, positiboki kargatutako protoiak elkarrengandik aldentzen dituena. </p><p>Elementu bereko atomoek protoi kopuru bera dute, <a href="/wiki/Zenbaki_atomikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zenbaki atomikoa">zenbaki atomikoa</a> deritzona (Z sinboloa). Elementu beraren barruan neutroi kopurua alda daiteke, eta horrek elementu horren <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopoa</a> zehazten du. Protoi eta neutroi kopuru osoak nukleoa zehazten du. Protoiekiko neutroi kopuruak nukleoaren egonkortasuna baldintzatzen du, isotopo batzuek <a href="/wiki/Desintegrazio_erradioaktibo" title="Desintegrazio erradioaktibo">desintegrazio erradioaktiboa</a> jasaten baitute<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Protoia, elektroia eta neutroia <a href="/wiki/Fermioi" title="Fermioi">fermioi</a> gisa sailkatzen dira. Fermioiek <a href="/wiki/Pauliren_bazterketa_printzipioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pauliren bazterketa printzipioa">Pauliren bazterketa printzipioari</a> jarraitzen diote, zeinak debekatzen baitu fermioi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikula_identiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikula identiko (sortu gabe)">identikoek</a>, adibidez protoiak, aldi berean <a href="/wiki/Egoera_kuantiko" title="Egoera kuantiko">egoera kuantiko</a> bera hartzea. Horrela, nukleoko protoi bakoitzak beste protoi guztien egoera kuantiko desberdina izan behar du, eta gauza bera aplikatzen zaie nukleoko neutroi guztiei eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hodei_elektroniko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hodei elektroniko (sortu gabe)">hodei elektronikoko</a> elektroi guztiei<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Nukleo batek protoi eta neutroi kopuru desberdina badu, energia gutxiagoko egoera batera jaits daiteke desintegrazio erradiaktibo baten bidez, protoi eta neutroi kopurua estuago bat etor dadin. Ondorioz, protoi eta neutroi zenbaki berdinak dituzten atomoak egonkorragoak dira desintegrazioaren aldean, baina atomo kopurua handitzean, protoien elkarrekiko aldaratzeak gero eta neutroi proportzio handiagoa eskatzen du nukleoaren egonkortasunari eusteko. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg/220px-Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg/330px-Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg/440px-Wpdms_physics_proton_proton_chain_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Bi protoietatik abiatuta, protoi batez eta neutroi batez osatutako <a href="/wiki/Deuterio" title="Deuterio">deuterio</a>-nukleoa osatzen duen <a href="/wiki/Fusio_nuklear" title="Fusio nuklear">fusio nuklearreko</a> prozesu baten irudia. Positroi bat (e<sup>+</sup>) – <a href="/wiki/Antimateria" title="Antimateria">antimateria</a>-elektroi bat – eta <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a> elektroniko bat igortzen dira.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nukleo atomikoaren protoi eta neutroi kopurua alda daiteke, baina horrek energia oso altuak eska ditzake indar indartsuaren ondorioz. <a href="/wiki/Fusio_nuklear" title="Fusio nuklear">Fusio nuklearra</a> partikula atomiko batzuk batzen direnean gertatzen da, nukleo astunago bat sortzeko, adibidez, bi nukleoren talka energetikoaren bidez. Adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Eguzkia" title="Eguzkia">Eguzkiaren</a> nukleoan, protoiek 3 eta 10 keV arteko energiak behar dituzte elkarrekiko urruntzea gainditzeko (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coulomben_hesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coulomben hesia (sortu gabe)">Coulomben hesia</a>) eta nukleo bakar batean fusionatzeko<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Fisio_nuklear" title="Fisio nuklear">Fisio nuklearra</a> kontrako prozesua da, non nukleo bat bi nukleo txikiagotan banatzen den, normalean desintegrazio erradioaktiboaren bidez. Nukleoa partikula subatomikoak edo energia handiko <a href="/wiki/Fotoi" title="Fotoi">fotoiak</a> bonbardatuz ere alda daiteke. Horrek nukleo baten protoi kopurua aldatzen badu, atomoa elementu kimiko desberdin batera aldatzen da<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Fusio-erreakzio baten ondoren nukleoaren masa partikula bereizien masen batura baino txikiagoa bada, orduan bi balio horien arteko diferentzia energia erabilgarri mota gisa isur daiteke (<a href="/wiki/Gamma_izpi" title="Gamma izpi">gamma izpi</a> bat edo <a href="/wiki/Beta_partikula" title="Beta partikula">beta partikula</a> baten <a href="/wiki/Energia_zinetiko" title="Energia zinetiko">energia zinetikoa</a> bezala), <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einsteinen</a> masa-energia baliokidetasun formulak deskribatzen duen bezala, <a href="/wiki/E%3Dmc%C2%B2" title="E=mc²"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>m</mi> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9f73dbd37a0cac34406ee89057fa1b36a1e6a18e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.976ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=mc^{2}}"></span></a> non <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>m</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}"></span> masa galtzea da, eta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.007ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Argiaren_abiadura" title="Argiaren abiadura">argiaren abiadura</a> da. Defizit hori nukleo berriaren lotura-energiaren parte da, eta energiaren galera berreskuraezina da fusionatutako partikulak elkarrekin geratzea eragiten duena, banatzeko energia hori behar duen egoera batean<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">Burdinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikelak</a> (guztira 60 nukleoi inguru) baino zenbaki atomiko txikiagoak dituzten nukleo handiagoak sortzen dituzten bi nukleoren fusioa <a href="/wiki/Prozesu_exotermiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Prozesu exotermiko">prozesu exotermikoa</a> izan ohi da, eta horiek batzeko behar den energia baino gehiago askatzen du<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Energia askatzeko prozesu horrek eragiten du <a href="/wiki/Izarren_nukleosintesi" title="Izarren nukleosintesi">izarren fusio nuklearra</a> erreakzioa berez mantentzeko gai izatea. Nukleo astunenen kasuan, nukleoi bakoitzeko lotura-energia gutxitzen hasten da nukleoan. Horrek esan nahi du 26tik gorako zenbaki atomikoak eta 60tik gorako masa atomikoak dituzten nukleoak sortzen dituzten fusio-prozesuak <a href="/wiki/Prozesu_endotermiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Prozesu endotermiko">prozesu endotermikoak</a> direla. Nukleo masiboagoek ezin dute jasan izar baten <a href="/wiki/Oreka_hidrostatiko" title="Oreka hidrostatiko">oreka hidrostatikoari</a> eutsi diezaiokeen energia-fusio ekoizlearen erreakziorik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Elektroi" title="Elektroi">Elektroien</a> aurkikuntza izan zen atomoen barne egituraren lehen azalpena. <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendearen</a> hasieran atomoaren eredu onartua <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomsonena</a> zen, "mahaspasa pudina"; eredu horretan atomoa karga elektriko positibodun bola handi bat zen, non karga elektriko negatibodun elektroi txikiak zeuden bere barnean sartuta. Garai horretan fisikariek atomoek igorritako hiru <a href="/wiki/Desintegrazio_erradioaktibo" title="Desintegrazio erradioaktibo">erradiazio</a> mota ere aurkitu zituzten: <a href="/wiki/Alfa_partikula" title="Alfa partikula">alfa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta_partikula" title="Beta partikula">beta</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gamma_izpi" title="Gamma izpi">gamma</a> erradiazioak. <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911n</a> <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitnerrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahnek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914an</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwickek</a> eginiko esperimentuek beta erradiazio espektroaren erorketa jarraikakoa dela erakutsi zuten, eta ez diskretoa. Hau da, elektroiak atomotik energia gama batekin kanporatuak dira, eta ez alfa eta gamma erradiazioen erorketan ikus daitekeen energia kopuru diskretoekin. Honek erorketetan energia ez zela kontserbatzen adierazten zuela zirudien. Beranduago energia bai kontserbatzen dela aurkitu zen, <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinoak</a> aurkitu ondoren. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906an</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherfordek</a> "Erradioaren alfa partikularen atzerapena materia zeharkatzen duenean" argitaratu zuen Philosophical Magazine aldizkarian (12 orrialde. 134.etik 146.era). <a href="/wiki/Hans_Geiger" title="Hans Geiger">Hans Geigerrek</a> lan hau <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Societyri</a> eginiko komunikazio batean luzatu zuen (Proc. Roy. Soc. <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_17" title="Uztailaren 17">uztailak 17</a>) esperimentuekin eta Rutherfordek alfa partikulen, aluminiozko paperaren eta urreztaturiko aluminiozko paperaren bidez airea pasarazi zuen. Geigerrek eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Geoffrey_Marsden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Geoffrey Marsden (sortu gabe)">Brian Geoffrey Marsdenek</a> lan gehigarriak argitaratu zituzten <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909an</a> (Proc. Roy. Soc. A82, 495-500 orrialdeak) eta are gehiago luzatu zuten lana Geigerren <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910eko</a> argitalpenean (Proc. Roy. Soc. <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Otsailaren_1" title="Otsailaren 1">otsailak 1</a>). <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>-<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912an</a> Rutherfordek <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Societyren</a> aurrean esperimentuak azaldu zituen eta atomo nukleoaren teoria berria proposatu zuen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_nukleo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJevremovic2005">Jevremovic, Tatjana.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/74826957"><i>Nuclear principles in engineering. </i></a> Springer <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-387-23284-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-387-23284-2">0-387-23284-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=74826957">74826957</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://serc.carleton.edu/quantskills/methods/quantlit/RadDecay.html">«Radioactive Decay»</a> <i>Teaching Quantitative Literacy</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021201030437/http://physics.nmt.edu/~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node216.html">«Nuclear Fusion and Fission»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2002-12-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://burro.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/StarPhys/coulomb.html">«Overcoming the Coulomb Barrier»</a> <i>burro.cwru.edu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieer.org/resource/factsheets/basics-nuclear-physics-fission/"><i>Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission - Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFShultis2002">Shultis, J. Kenneth.  (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49936213"><i>Fundamentals of nuclear science and engineering. </i></a> Marcel Dekker <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-8247-0834-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-8247-0834-2">0-8247-0834-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=49936213">49936213</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFewell1995-07-01">Fewell, M. P..  (1995-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.17828">«The atomic nuclide with the highest mean binding energy»</a> <i>American Journal of Physics</i> 63 (7): 653–658.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1119%2F1.17828">10.1119/1.17828</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0002-9505">0002-9505</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-03-09)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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