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constant arguments</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: piecewise constant arguments"> <meta name="keywords" content="piecewise constant arguments"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="piecewise constant arguments"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2363</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: piecewise constant arguments</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2183</span> Dielectric Properties of Ternary Composite Based on Complex Perovskite Oxides Synthesized by Semi-Wet Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20D.%20Mandal">K. D. Mandal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Mourya"> Anil Kumar Mourya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankur%20Khare"> Ankur Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ceramics of 0.6 CaCu3TiO12 – 0.2 Bi2/3Cu3TiO12 – 0.2 Y2/3Cu3TiO12 (i.e. 0.6CCTO-0.2BCTO-0.2 YCTO) were prepared via semi - wet route. The phase structure of the sample was identified by X-Ray diffraction. The micro structure of the sample was observed by SEM, which displays grains of different shapes having diameter in range of 2 µm–4 µm. We have studied the frequency and temperature dependence of permittivity and impedance of the compound with LCR Meter in the range of 100 Hz–1 MHz and 300–500 K. The material shows its highest dielectric constant (428000) at 100 Hz and 368 K. The material shows Debye–like relaxation and their dielectric constant are independent of frequency and temperature over a wide range. The sample shows two electrical responses in impedance formalism, indicating that there are two distinct contributions. We attribute them to grain and grain boundaries in the ceramic sample and explain the dielectric behaviors by Maxwell–Wagner relaxation arising at the interfaces between grain and their boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20perovskite" title="complex perovskite">complex perovskite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramics%20composite" title=" ceramics composite"> ceramics composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20study" title=" impedance study"> impedance study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18525/dielectric-properties-of-ternary-composite-based-on-complex-perovskite-oxides-synthesized-by-semi-wet-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2182</span> Heterogeneity, Asymmetry and Extreme Risk Perception; Dynamic Evolution Detection From Implied Risk Neutral Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Aloulou">Abderrahmen Aloulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Boujelbene"> Younes Boujelbene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current paper displays a new method of extracting information content from options prices by eliminating biases caused by daily variation of contract maturity. Based on Kernel regression tool, this non-parametric technique serves to obtain a spectrum of interpolated options with constant maturity horizons from negotiated optional contracts on the S&P TSX 60 index. This method makes it plausible to compare daily risk neutral densities from which extracting time continuous indicators allows the detection traders attitudes’ evolution, such as, belief homogeneity, asymmetry and extreme Risk Perception. Our findings indicate that the applied method contribute to develop effective trading strategies and to adjust monetary policies through controlling trader’s reactions to economic and monetary news. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20neutral%20densities" title="risk neutral densities">risk neutral densities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel" title=" kernel"> kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20maturity%20horizons" title=" constant maturity horizons"> constant maturity horizons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneity" title=" homogeneity"> homogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry%20and%20extreme%20risk%20perception" title=" asymmetry and extreme risk perception"> asymmetry and extreme risk perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525/heterogeneity-asymmetry-and-extreme-risk-perception-dynamic-evolution-detection-from-implied-risk-neutral-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2181</span> High Performance Direct Torque Control for Induction Motor Drive Fed from Photovoltaic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20EL-Kholy">E. E. EL-Kholy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahamed%20Kalas"> Ahamed Kalas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Fauzy"> Mahmoud Fauzy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El-Shahat%20Dessouki"> M. El-Shahat Dessouki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdou%20M.%20El-refay"> Abdou M. El-refay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El-Zefery"> Mohammed El-Zefery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Direct Torque Control (DTC) is an AC drive control method especially designed to provide fast and robust responses. In this paper a progressive algorithm for direct torque control of three-phase induction drive system supplied by photovoltaic arrays using voltage source inverter to control motor torque and flux with maximum power point tracking at different level of insolation is presented. Experimental results of the new DTC method obtained by an experimental rapid prototype system for drives are presented. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed system gives quick, robust torque and speed responses at constant switching frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic%20%28PV%29%20array" title="photovoltaic (PV) array">photovoltaic (PV) array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20torque%20control%20%28DTC%29" title=" direct torque control (DTC)"> direct torque control (DTC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20switching%20frequency" title=" constant switching frequency"> constant switching frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20power%20point%20tracking%20%28MPPT%29" title=" maximum power point tracking (MPPT)"> maximum power point tracking (MPPT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39848/high-performance-direct-torque-control-for-induction-motor-drive-fed-from-photovoltaic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2180</span> Design Ultra Fast Gate Drive Board for Silicon Carbide MOSFET Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syakirin%20O.%20Yong">Syakirin O. Yong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasrudin%20A.%20Rahim"> Nasrudin A. Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20M.%20Eid"> Bilal M. Eid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buray%20Tankut"> Buray Tankut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to develop an ultra-fast gate driver for Silicon Carbide (SiC) based switching device applications such as AC/DC DC/AC converters. Wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC switches are growing rapidly nowadays due to their numerous capabilities such as faster switching, higher power density and higher voltage level. Wide band-gap switches can work properly on high frequencies such 50-250 kHz which is very useful for many power electronic applications such as solar inverters. Increasing the frequency minimizes the output filter size and system complexity however, this causes huge spike between MOSFET’s drain and source leg which leads to the failure of MOSFET if the voltage rating is exceeded. This paper investigates and concludes the optimum design for a gate drive board for SiC MOSFET switches without causing spikes and noises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20system" title="PV system">PV system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion" title=" lithium-ion"> lithium-ion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charger" title=" charger"> charger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20current" title=" constant current"> constant current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20voltage" title=" constant voltage"> constant voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146295/design-ultra-fast-gate-drive-board-for-silicon-carbide-mosfet-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2179</span> Off Design Modelling of 650MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Integrated with a Retrofitted Inlet Fogging System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osarobo%20Omorogieva%20Ighodaro">Osarobo Omorogieva Ighodaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josephus%20Otejere"> Josephus Otejere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contains the modelling and simulation of GT13E2 combined cycle gas turbine with the aid of the software EBSILON PROFESSIONAL. The design mode was modeled using guaranteed performance data from the power plant, in the off design, temperature variation of ambient air and fogging (spray water at inlet to compressor) was simulated. The fogging was simulated under two different modes; constant fuel consumption and constant turbine exhaust temperature .The model results were validated using actual operating data by applying error percentage analysis. The validation results obtained ranged from -0.0038% to 0% in design condition while the results varied from -0.9202% to 10.24% The model shows that fogging decreases compressor inlet temperature which in turn decreases the power required to drive the compressor hence improving the simple cycle efficiency and hence increasing power generated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inlet%20fogging" title="inlet fogging">inlet fogging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off%20design" title=" off design"> off design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20cycle" title=" combined cycle"> combined cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186927/off-design-modelling-of-650mw-combined-cycle-gas-turbine-power-plant-integrated-with-a-retrofitted-inlet-fogging-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2178</span> A Mathematical Description of a Growing Cell Colony Based on the Mechanical Bidomain Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debabrata%20Auddya">Debabrata Auddya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bradley%20J.%20Roth"> Bradley J. Roth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mechanical bidomain model is used to describe a colony of cells growing on a substrate. Analytical expressions are derived for the intracellular and extracellular displacements. Mechanotransduction events are driven by the difference between the displacements in the two spaces, corresponding to the force acting on integrins. The equation for the displacement consists of two terms: one proportional to the radius that is the same in the intracellular and extracellular spaces (the monodomain term) and one that is proportional to a modified Bessel function that is responsible for mechanotransduction (the bidomain term). The model predicts that mechanotransduction occurs within a few length constants of the colony’s edge, and an expression for the length constant contains the intracellular and extracellular shear moduli and the spring constant of the integrins coupling the two spaces. The model predictions are qualitatively consistent with experiments on human embryonic stem cell colonies, in which differentiation is localized near the edge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20colony" title="cell colony">cell colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrin" title=" integrin"> integrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20bidomain%20model" title=" mechanical bidomain model"> mechanical bidomain model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain" title=" stress-strain"> stress-strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traction%20force" title=" traction force"> traction force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982/a-mathematical-description-of-a-growing-cell-colony-based-on-the-mechanical-bidomain-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2177</span> Influence of Cationic Surfactant (TTAB) on the Rate of Dipeptide (Gly-DL-Asp) Ninhydrin Reaction in Absence and Presence of Organic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Akram">Mohd. Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20Saeed"> A. A. M. Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surfactants are widely used in our daily life either directly in household and personal care products or indirectly in the industrial processes. The kinetics of the interaction of glycyl-DL-aspartic acid (Gly-DL-Asp) with ninhydrin has been investigated spectrophotometrically in aqueous and organic-solvent media in the absence and presence of cationic surfactant of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). The study was carried out under different experimental conditions. The first and fractional order-rate were observed for [Gly-DL-Asp] and [ninhydrin], respectively. The reaction was enhanced about four-fold by TTAB micelles. The effect of organic solvents was studied at a constant concentration of TTAB and showed an increase in the absorbance as well as the rate constant for the formation of product (Ruhemann's purple). The results obtained in micellar media are treated quantitatively in terms of pseudo-phase and Piszkiewicz cooperativity models. The Arrhenius and Eyring equations are valid for the reaction over the range of temperatures used and different activation parameters (Ea, ∆H#, ∆S#, and ∆G#) have been evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycyl-DL-aspartic%20acid" title="glycyl-DL-aspartic acid">glycyl-DL-aspartic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ninhydrin" title=" ninhydrin"> ninhydrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvents" title=" organic solvents"> organic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TTAB" title=" TTAB"> TTAB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18950/influence-of-cationic-surfactant-ttab-on-the-rate-of-dipeptide-gly-dl-asp-ninhydrin-reaction-in-absence-and-presence-of-organic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2176</span> Numerical Optimization of Trapezoidal Microchannel Heat Sinks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue-Tzu%20Yang">Yue-Tzu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Ching%20Liao"> Shu-Ching Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible steady and laminar fluid flow and conjugate heat transfer of a trapezoidal microchannel heat sink using water as a cooling fluid in a silicon substrate. Navier-Stokes equations with conjugate energy equation are discretized by finite-volume method. We perform numerical computations for a range of 50 ≦ Re ≦ 600, 0.05W ≦ P ≦ 0.8W, 20W/cm2 ≦ ≦ 40W/cm2. The present study demonstrates the numerical optimization of a trapezoidal microchannel heat sink design using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the genetic algorithm method (GA). The results show that the average Nusselt number increases with an increase in the Reynolds number or pumping power, and the thermal resistance decreases as the pumping power increases. The thermal resistance of a trapezoidal microchannel is minimized for a constant heat flux and constant pumping power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel%20heat%20sinks" title="microchannel heat sinks">microchannel heat sinks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20heat%20transfer" title=" conjugate heat transfer"> conjugate heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm%20method" title=" genetic algorithm method"> genetic algorithm method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7509/numerical-optimization-of-trapezoidal-microchannel-heat-sinks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2175</span> Mixed Integer Programing for Multi-Tier Rebate with Discontinuous Cost Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Long">Y. Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Liu"> L. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20V.%20Branin"> K. V. Branin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One challenge faced by procurement decision-maker during the acquisition process is how to compare similar products from different suppliers and allocate orders among different products or services. This work focuses on allocating orders among multiple suppliers considering rebate. The objective function is to minimize the total acquisition cost including purchasing cost and rebate benefit. Rebate benefit is complex and difficult to estimate at the ordering step. Rebate rules vary for different suppliers and usually change over time. In this work, we developed a system to collect the rebate policies, standardized the rebate policies and developed two-stage optimization models for ordering allocation. Rebate policy with multi-tiers is considered in modeling. The discontinuous cost function of rebate benefit is formulated for different scenarios. A piecewise linear function is used to approximate the discontinuous cost function of rebate benefit. And a Mixed Integer Programing (MIP) model is built for order allocation problem with multi-tier rebate. A case study is presented and it shows that our optimization model can reduce the total acquisition cost by considering rebate rules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discontinuous%20cost%20function" title="discontinuous cost function">discontinuous cost function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20integer%20programming" title=" mixed integer programming"> mixed integer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement" title=" procurement"> procurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebate" title=" rebate"> rebate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84161/mixed-integer-programing-for-multi-tier-rebate-with-discontinuous-cost-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2174</span> Discrete Estimation of Spectral Density for Alpha Stable Signals Observed with an Additive Error</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sabre">R. Sabre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Horrigue"> W. Horrigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20Simon"> J. C. Simon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is interested in two difficulties encountered in practice when observing a continuous time process. The first is that we cannot observe a process over a time interval; we only take discrete observations. The second is the process frequently observed with a constant additive error. It is important to give an estimator of the spectral density of such a process taking into account the additive observation error and the choice of the discrete observation times. In this work, we propose an estimator based on the spectral smoothing of the periodogram by the polynomial Jackson kernel reducing the additive error. In order to solve the aliasing phenomenon, this estimator is constructed from observations taken at well-chosen times so as to reduce the estimator to the field where the spectral density is not zero. We show that the proposed estimator is asymptotically unbiased and consistent. Thus we obtain an estimate solving the two difficulties concerning the choice of the instants of observations of a continuous time process and the observations affected by a constant error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20density" title="spectral density">spectral density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20processes" title=" stable processes"> stable processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aliasing" title=" aliasing"> aliasing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodogram" title=" periodogram"> periodogram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118023/discrete-estimation-of-spectral-density-for-alpha-stable-signals-observed-with-an-additive-error" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2173</span> Control Strategy of Solar Thermal Cooling System under the Indonesia Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budihardjo%20Sarwo%20Sastrosudiro">Budihardjo Sarwo Sastrosudiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnas%20Lubis"> Arnas Lubis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Idrus%20Alhamid"> Muhammad Idrus Alhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasruddin%20Jusuf"> Nasruddin Jusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar thermal cooling system was installed on Mechanical Research Center (MRC) Building that is located in Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia. It is the first cooling system in Indonesia that utilizes solar energy as energy input combined with natural gas; therefore, the control system must be appropriated with the climates. In order to stabilize the cooling capacity and also to maximize the use of solar energy, the system applies some controllers. Constant flow rate and on/off controller are applied for the hot water, chilled water and cooling water pumps. The hot water circulated by pump when the solar radiation is over than 400W/m<sup>2</sup>, and the chilled water is continually circulated by pump and its temperature is kept constant 7 °C by absorption chiller. The cooling water is also continually circulated until the outlet temperature of cooling tower below than 27 <sup>o</sup>C. Furthermore, the three-way valve is used to control the hot water for generate vapor on absorption chiller. The system performance using that control system is shown in this study results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20chiller" title="absorption chiller">absorption chiller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cooling" title=" solar cooling"> solar cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43453/control-strategy-of-solar-thermal-cooling-system-under-the-indonesia-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2172</span> Chaotic Response of Electrical Insulation System with Gaseous Dielectric under High AC and DC Voltages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arijit%20Basuray">Arijit Basuray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that if an electrical insulation system is stressed under high voltage then discharge may occur in various form and if the system is made of composite dielectric having interfaces of materials having different dielectric constant discharge may occur due to gross mismatch of dielectric constant causing intense local field in the interfaces. Here author has studied, firstly, behavior of discharges in gaseous dielectric circuit under AC and DC voltages. A gaseous dielectric circuit is made such that a pair of electrode of typical geometry is used to make the discharges occur under application of AC and DC voltages. Later on, composite insulation system with air gap is also studied. Discharge response of the dielectric circuit is measured across a typically designed impedance. The time evolution of the discharge characteristics showed some interesting chaotic behavior. Author here proposed some analysis of such behavior of the discharge pattern and discussed about the possibility of presence of such discharge circuit in lumped electric circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20insulation%20system" title="electrical insulation system">electrical insulation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIS" title=" EIS"> EIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20dielectric" title=" composite dielectric"> composite dielectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharge" title=" discharge"> discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos" title=" chaos"> chaos</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103867/chaotic-response-of-electrical-insulation-system-with-gaseous-dielectric-under-high-ac-and-dc-voltages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2171</span> Save Balance of Power: Can We?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Arun">Swati Arun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper argues that Balance of Power (BOP) needs to conjugate with certain contingencies like geography. It is evident that sea powers (‘insular’ for better clarity) are not balanced (if at all) in the same way as land powers. Its apparent that artificial insularity that the US has achieved reduces the chances of balancing (constant) and helps it maintain preponderance (variable). But how precise is this approach in assessing the dynamics between China’s rise and reaction of other powers and US. The ‘evolved’ theory can be validated by putting China and US in the equation. Systemic Relation between the nations was explained through the Balance of Power theory much before the systems theory was propounded. The BOP is the crux of functionality of ‘power relation’ dynamics which has played its role in the most astounding ways leading to situations of war and peace. Whimsical; but true that, the BOP has remained a complicated and indefinable concepts since Hans. Morganthau to Kenneth Waltz. A challenge of the BOP, however remains; “ that it has too many meanings”. In the recent times it has become evident that the myriad of expectations generated by BOP has not met the practicality of the current world politics. It is for this reason; the BoP has been replaced by Preponderance Theory (PT) to explain prevailing power situation. PT does provide an empirical reasoning for the success of this theory but fails in a abstract logical reasoning required for making a theory universal. Unipolarity clarifies the current system as one where balance of power has become redundant. It seems to reach beyond the contours of BoP, where a superpower does what it must to remain one. The centrality of this arguments pivots around - an exception, every time BOP fails to operate, preponderance of power emerges. PT does not sit well with the primary logic of a theory because it works on an exception. The evolution of such a pattern and system where BOP fails and preponderance emerges is absent. The puzzle here is- if BOP really has become redundant or it needs polishing. The international power structure changed from multipolar to bipolar to unipolar. BOP was looked at to provide inevitable logic behind such changes and answer the dilemma we see today- why US is unchecked, unbalanced? But why was Britain unchecked in 19th century and why China was unbalanced in 13th century? It is the insularity of the state that makes BOP reproduce “imbalance of power”, going a level up from off-shore balancer. This luxury of a state to maintain imbalance in the region of competition or threat is the causal relation between BOP’s and geography. America has applied imbalancing- meaning disequilibrium (in its favor) to maintain the regional balance so that over time the weaker does not get stronger and pose a competition. It could do that due to the significant parity present between the US and the rest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance%20of%20power" title="balance of power">balance of power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china" title=" china"> china</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preponderance%20of%20power" title=" preponderance of power"> preponderance of power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=US" title=" US"> US</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30527/save-balance-of-power-can-we" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2170</span> Chemical Synthesis, Electrical and Antibacterial Properties of Polyaniline/Gold Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20N.%20Shubha">L. N. Shubha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kalpana"> M. Kalpana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Madhusudana%20Rao"> P. Madhusudana Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyaniline/gold (PANI/Au) nanocomposite was prepared by in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization method. The synthesis involved the formation of polyaniline-gold nanocomposite, by in-situ redox reaction and the dispersion of gold nano particles throughout the polyaniline matrix. The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM and UV-visible spectroscopy. The characteristic peaks in FTIR and UV-visible spectra confirmed the expected structure of polymer as reported in the literature. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of gold nano particles. The crystallite size of 30 nm for nanoAu was supported by the XRD pattern. Further, the A.C. conductivity, dielectric constant (€’(w)) and dielectric loss (€’’(w)) of PANI/Au nano composite was measured using impedance analyzer. The effect of doping on the conductivity was investigated. The antibacterial activity was examined for this nano composite and it was observed that PANI/Au nanocomposite could be used as an antibacterial agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC-conductivity" title="AC-conductivity">AC-conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-microbial%20activity" title=" anti-microbial activity"> anti-microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constant" title=" dielectric constant"> dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20loss" title=" dielectric loss"> dielectric loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline%2Fgold%20%28PANI%2FAU%29%20nanocomposite" title=" polyaniline/gold (PANI/AU) nanocomposite "> polyaniline/gold (PANI/AU) nanocomposite </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15221/chemical-synthesis-electrical-and-antibacterial-properties-of-polyanilinegold-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2169</span> Dimensioning of a Solar Dryer with Application of an Experiment Design Method for Drying Food Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Touati">B. Touati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Saad"> A. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Lips"> B. Lips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdenbi"> A. Abdenbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mokhtari."> M. Mokhtari.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is an application of experiment design method for dimensioning of a solar drying system. NIMROD software was used to build up the matrix of experiments and to analyze the results. The software has the advantages of being easy to use and consists of a forced way, with some choices about the number and range of variation of the parameters, and the desired polynomial shape. The first design of experiments performed concern the drying with constant input characteristics of the hot air in the dryer and a second design of experiments in which the drying chamber is coupled with a solar collector. The first design of experiments allows us to study the influence of various parameters and get the studied answers in a polynomial form. The correspondence between the polynomial thus determined, and the model results were good. The results of the polynomials of the second design of experiments and those of the model are worse than the results in the case of drying with constant input conditions. This is due to the strong link between all the input parameters, especially, the surface of the sensor and the drying chamber, and the mass of the product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20drying" title="solar drying">solar drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment%20design%20method" title=" experiment design method"> experiment design method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIMROD" title=" NIMROD"> NIMROD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mint%20leaves" title=" mint leaves"> mint leaves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20272/dimensioning-of-a-solar-dryer-with-application-of-an-experiment-design-method-for-drying-food-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2168</span> Suitable Tuning Method Selection for PID Controller Used in Digital Excitation System of Brushless Synchronous Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20M.%20Sajnekar">Deepak M. Sajnekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Deshpande"> S. B. Deshpande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20Mohril"> R. M. Mohril</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present many rotary excitation control system are using analog type of Automatic Voltage Regulator which now started to replace with the digital automatic voltage regulator which is provided with PID controller and tuning of PID controller is a challenging task. The cases where digital excitation control system is used tuning of PID controller are still carried out by pole placement method. Tuning of PID controller used for static excitation control system is not challenging because it does not involve exciter time constant. This paper discusses two methods of tuning PID controller i.e. Pole placement method and pole zero cancellation method. GUI prepared for both the methods on the platform of MATLAB. Using this GUI, performance results and time required for tuning for both the methods are compared. Sensitivity of the methods is also presented with parameter variation like loop gain ‘K’ and exciter time constant ‘te’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20excitation%20system" title="digital excitation system">digital excitation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20voltage%20regulator" title=" automatic voltage regulator"> automatic voltage regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole%20placement%20method" title=" pole placement method"> pole placement method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole%20zero%20cancellation%20method" title=" pole zero cancellation method"> pole zero cancellation method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12214/suitable-tuning-method-selection-for-pid-controller-used-in-digital-excitation-system-of-brushless-synchronous-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2167</span> Competitive Advantage on the Road Again: Exploring Nuances through a Conceptual Review and Future Research Avenues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedabdolali%20Mortazavi%20Kamalabadi">Seyedabdolali Mortazavi Kamalabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faegheh%20Taheran"> Faegheh Taheran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By giving an overview of previous arguments and findings concerned with the concept of competitive advantage, first, we define the overall concept of competitive advantage and discuss nuances of understanding such an important and strategic idea. Finally, by considering the major concerns of marketing academia, including globalization, AI-based technologies, consumer well-being, and internal coopetition between a firm’s units, fruitful avenues to be explored by future studies are presented in the form of research propositions. In the end, relevant gaps mentioned by numerous studies that are worth investigating are demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%20well-being" title=" consumer well-being"> consumer well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coopetition" title=" coopetition"> coopetition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature%20review" title=" literature review"> literature review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporary%20competitive%20advantage" title=" temporary competitive advantage"> temporary competitive advantage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165717/competitive-advantage-on-the-road-again-exploring-nuances-through-a-conceptual-review-and-future-research-avenues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2166</span> Experimental Measurements for the Effect of Dilution Procedure in Blood Esterases as Animals Biomarker for Exposure to Organophosphate Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasim%20Sakran%20Abass">Kasim Sakran Abass</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This main aim of this study was to confirm and extend our current knowledge about the effects of dilutions on esterases activities in the blood for birds with respect to protecting the enzyme from organophosphate inhibition. There were significantly higher esterases activities in dilution 1:10 in all blood samples from quail, duck, and chick compared to other dilutions (1:5, 1:15, 1:20, and 1:25). Furthermore, our results also pointed to the importance of estimating different dilutions effects prior to using in birds as biomarker tools of environmental exposure. Concentration–inhibition curves were determined for the inhibitor in the presence of dilutions 1:5, 1:10 plus 1:15 (to stimulate carboxylesterase). Point estimates (concentrations calculated to produce 20, 50, and 80% inhibition) were compared across conditions and served as a measure of esterase-mediated detoxification. Among the thiol esters (dilution 1:5) was observed to have the highest specificity constant (kcat/Km), and the Km and kcat values were 176 μM and 16,765 s−1, respectively for S-phenyl thioacetate ester, while detected in (dilution 1:15) the lowest specificity constant (kcat/Km), and the Km and kcat values were 943 μM and 1154 s−1, respectively for acetylthiocholine iodide ester. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=esterase" title="esterase">esterase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal" title=" animal"> animal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilution" title=" dilution"> dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title=" pesticides"> pesticides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11641/experimental-measurements-for-the-effect-of-dilution-procedure-in-blood-esterases-as-animals-biomarker-for-exposure-to-organophosphate-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2165</span> Coding Structures for Seated Row Simulation of an Active Controlled Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System for Astronaut’s Exercise Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziraguen%20O.%20Williams">Ziraguen O. Williams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shield%20B.%20Lin"> Shield B. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouad%20N.%20Matari"> Fouad N. Matari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20J.%20Quiocho"> Leslie J. Quiocho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simulation for seated row exercise was a continued task to assist NASA in analyzing a one-dimensional vibration isolation and stabilization system for astronaut’s exercise platform. Feedback delay and signal noise were added to the model as previously done in simulation for squat exercise. Simulation runs for this study were conducted in two software simulation tools, Trick and MBDyn, software simulation environments developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center. The exciter force in the simulation was calculated from the motion capture of an exerciser during a seated row exercise. The simulation runs include passive control, active control using a Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) controller, and active control using a Piecewise Linear Integral Derivative (PWLID) controller. Output parameters include displacements of the exercise platform, the exerciser, and the counterweight; transmitted force to the wall of spacecraft; and actuator force to the platform. The simulation results showed excellent force reduction in the actively controlled system compared to the passive controlled system, which showed less force reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title="control">control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counterweight" title=" counterweight"> counterweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration." title=" vibration."> vibration.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154195/coding-structures-for-seated-row-simulation-of-an-active-controlled-vibration-isolation-and-stabilization-system-for-astronauts-exercise-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2164</span> Signaling Theory: An Investigation on the Informativeness of Dividends and Earnings Announcements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faustina%20Masocha">Faustina Masocha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vusani%20Moyo"> Vusani Moyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For decades, dividend announcements have been presumed to contain important signals about the future prospects of companies. Similarly, the same has been presumed about management earnings announcements. Despite both dividend and earnings announcements being considered informative, a number of researchers questioned their credibility and found both to contain short-term signals. Pertaining to dividend announcements, some authors argued that although they might contain important information that can result in changes in share prices, which consequently results in the accumulation of abnormal returns, their degree of informativeness is less compared to other signaling tools such as earnings announcements. Yet, this claim in favor has been refuted by other researchers who found the effect of earnings to be transitory and of little value to shareholders as indicated by the little abnormal returns earned during the period surrounding earnings announcements. Considering the above, it is apparent that both dividends and earnings have been hypothesized to have a signaling impact. This prompts one to question which between these two signaling tools is more informative. To answer this question, two follow-up questions were asked. The first question sought to determine the event which results in the most effect on share prices, while the second question focused on the event that influenced trading volume the most. To answer the first question and evaluate the effect that each of these events had on share prices, an event study methodology was employed on a sample made up of the top 10 JSE-listed companies for data collected from 2012 to 2019 to determine if shareholders gained abnormal returns (ARs) during announcement dates. The event that resulted in the most persistent and highest amount of ARs was considered to be more informative. Looking at the second follow-up question, an investigation was conducted to determine if either dividends or earnings announcements influenced trading patterns, resulting in abnormal trading volumes (ATV) around announcement time. The event that resulted in the most ATV was considered more informative. Using an estimation period of 20 days and an event window of 21 days, and hypothesis testing, it was found that announcements pertaining to the increase of earnings resulted in the most ARs, Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) and had a lasting effect in comparison to dividend announcements whose effect lasted until day +3. This solidifies some empirical arguments that the signaling effect of dividends has become diminishing. It was also found that when reported earnings declined in comparison to the previous period, there was an increase in trading volume, resulting in ATV. Although dividend announcements did result in abnormal returns, they were lesser than those acquired during earnings announcements which refutes a number of theoretical and empirical arguments that found dividends to be more informative than earnings announcements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dividend%20signaling" title="dividend signaling">dividend signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20study%20methodology" title=" event study methodology"> event study methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20content%20of%20earnings" title=" information content of earnings"> information content of earnings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signaling%20theory" title=" signaling theory"> signaling theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134548/signaling-theory-an-investigation-on-the-informativeness-of-dividends-and-earnings-announcements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2163</span> The Study of Chitosan beads Adsorption Properties for the Removal of Heavy Metals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20O.%20Osifo">Peter O. Osifo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hein%20W.%20J.%20P.%20Neomagus"> Hein W. J. P. Neomagus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a predicted pH model was used to determine adsorption equilibrium properties of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium. Chitosan was prepared from the exoskeleton of Cape rock-lobsters, collected from the surroundings of Cape Town, South Africa. The beads were cross-linked with gluteraldehyde to restore its chemical stability in acid media. The chitosan beads were characterized; the beads water contents and pKa varied in the range of 90-96% and 4.3-6.0 respectively and the degree of crosslinking for the beads was 18%. A pH-model, which described the reversibility of the metal adsorbed onto the beads, was used to predict the equilibrium properties of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium adsorption onto the cross-linked beads. The model accounts for the effect of pH and the important model parameters; the equilibrium adsorption constant (Kads) and to a lesser extent the adsorbent adsorption capacity (qmax). The adsorption equilibrium constant for copper, lead, zinc and cadmium were found to be 2.58×10-3, 2.22×0-3, 9.55×0-3, and 4.79×0-3, respectively. The adsorbent maximum capacity was determined to be 4.2 mmol/g. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan%20beads" title="chitosan beads">chitosan beads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20water" title=" waste water"> waste water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42098/the-study-of-chitosan-beads-adsorption-properties-for-the-removal-of-heavy-metals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2162</span> Reduced General Dispersion Model in Cylindrical Coordinates and Isotope Transient Kinetic Analysis in Laminar Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Otarod">Masood Otarod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20M.%20Supkowski"> Ronald M. Supkowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This abstract discusses a method that reduces the general dispersion model in cylindrical coordinates to a second order linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients so that it can be utilized to conduct kinetic studies in packed bed tubular catalytic reactors at a broad range of Reynolds numbers. The model was tested by 13CO isotope transient tracing of the CO adsorption of Boudouard reaction in a differential reactor at an average Reynolds number of 0.2 over Pd-Al2O3 catalyst. Detailed experimental results have provided evidence for the validity of the theoretical framing of the model and the estimated parameters are consistent with the literature. The solution of the general dispersion model requires the knowledge of the radial distribution of axial velocity. This is not always known. Hence, up until now, the implementation of the dispersion model has been largely restricted to the plug-flow regime. But, ideal plug-flow is impossible to achieve and flow regimes approximating plug-flow leave much room for debate as to the validity of the results. The reduction of the general dispersion model transpires as a result of the application of a factorization theorem. Factorization theorem is derived from the observation that a cross section of a catalytic bed consists of a solid phase across which the reaction takes place and a void or porous phase across which no significant measure of reaction occurs. The disparity in flow and the heterogeneity of the catalytic bed cause the concentration of reacting compounds to fluctuate radially. These variabilities signify the existence of radial positions at which the radial gradient of concentration is zero. Succinctly, factorization theorem states that a concentration function of axial and radial coordinates in a catalytic bed is factorable as the product of the mean radial cup-mixing function and a contingent dimensionless function. The concentration of adsorbed compounds are also factorable since they are piecewise continuous functions and suffer the same variability but in the reverse order of the concentration of mobile phase compounds. Factorability is a property of packed beds which transforms the general dispersion model to an equation in terms of the measurable mean radial cup-mixing concentration of the mobile phase compounds and mean cross-sectional concentration of adsorbed species. The reduced model does not require the knowledge of the radial distribution of the axial velocity. Instead, it is characterized by new transport parameters so denoted by Ωc, Ωa, Ωc, and which are respectively denominated convection coefficient cofactor, axial dispersion coefficient cofactor, and radial dispersion coefficient cofactor. These cofactors adjust the dispersion equation as compensation for the unavailability of the radial distribution of the axial velocity. Together with the rest of the kinetic parameters they can be determined from experimental data via an optimization procedure. Our data showed that the estimated parameters Ωc, Ωa Ωr, are monotonically correlated with the Reynolds number. This is expected to be the case based on the theoretical construct of the model. Computer generated simulations of methanation reaction on nickel provide additional support for the utility of the newly conceptualized dispersion model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factorization" title="factorization">factorization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20dispersion%20model" title=" general dispersion model"> general dispersion model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotope%20transient%20kinetic" title=" isotope transient kinetic"> isotope transient kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20differential%20equations" title=" partial differential equations"> partial differential equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86344/reduced-general-dispersion-model-in-cylindrical-coordinates-and-isotope-transient-kinetic-analysis-in-laminar-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2161</span> Electrical and Magnetoelectric Properties of (y)Li0.5Ni0.7Zn0.05Fe2O4 + (1-y)Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Magnetoelectric Composites </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20U.%20Durgadsimi">S. U. Durgadsimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chouguleb"> S. Chouguleb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Belladc"> S. Belladc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> (y) Li0.5Ni0.7Zn0.05Fe2O4 + (1-y) Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 magnetoelectric composites with y = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 were prepared by a conventional standard double sintering ceramic technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the phase formation of ferrite, ferroelectric and their composites. logρdc Vs 1/T graphs reveal that the dc resistivity decreases with increasing temperature exhibiting semiconductor behavior. The plots of logσac Vs logω2 are almost linear indicating that the conductivity increases with increase in frequency i.e, conductivity in the composites is due to small polaron hopping. Dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (tan δ) were studied as a function of frequency in the range 100Hz–1MHz which reveals the normal dielectric behavior except the composite with y=0.1 and as a function of temperature at four fixed frequencies (i.e. 100Hz, 1KHz, 10KHz, 100KHz). ME voltage coefficient decreases with increase in ferrite content and was observed to be maximum of about 7.495 mV/cmOe for (0.1) Li0.5Ni0.7Zn0.05Fe2O4 + (0.9) Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title="XRD">XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20constant" title=" dielectric constant"> dielectric constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectric%20loss" title=" dielectric loss"> dielectric loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20and%20AC%20conductivity" title=" DC and AC conductivity"> DC and AC conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ME%20voltage%20coefficient" title=" ME voltage coefficient"> ME voltage coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6422/electrical-and-magnetoelectric-properties-of-yli05ni07zn005fe2o4-1-yba05sr05tio3-magnetoelectric-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2160</span> A Probabilistic View of the Spatial Pooler in Hierarchical Temporal Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mackenzie%20Leake">Mackenzie Leake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyu%20Xia"> Liyu Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Rocki"> Kamil Rocki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayne%20Imaino"> Wayne Imaino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) paradigm the effect of overlap between inputs on the activation of columns in the spatial pooler is studied. Numerical results suggest that similar inputs are represented by similar sets of columns and dissimilar inputs are represented by dissimilar sets of columns. It is shown that the spatial pooler produces these results under certain conditions for the connectivity and proximal thresholds. Following the discussion of the initialization of parameters for the thresholds, corresponding qualitative arguments about the learning dynamics of the spatial pooler are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20temporal%20memory" title="hierarchical temporal memory">hierarchical temporal memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HTM" title=" HTM"> HTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20algorithms" title=" learning algorithms"> learning algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20pooler" title=" spatial pooler"> spatial pooler</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210/a-probabilistic-view-of-the-spatial-pooler-in-hierarchical-temporal-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29210.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2159</span> Representations of Childcare Robots as a Controversial Issue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raya%20A.%20Jones">Raya A. Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper interrogates online representations of robot companions for children, including promotional material by manufacturers, media articles and technology blogs. The significance of the study lies in its contribution to understanding attitudes to robots. The prospect of childcare robots is particularly controversial ethically, and is associated with emotive arguments. The sampled material is restricted to relatively recent posts (the past three years) though the analysis identifies both continuous and changing themes across the past decade. The method extrapolates social representations theory towards examining the ways in which information about robotic products is provided for the general public. Implications for social acceptance of robot companions for the home and robot ethics are considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance%20of%20robots" title="acceptance of robots">acceptance of robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childcare%20robots" title=" childcare robots"> childcare robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20representations" title=" social representations"> social representations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71758/representations-of-childcare-robots-as-a-controversial-issue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2158</span> Modeling of Glycine Transporters in Mammalian Using the Probability Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Zaytsev">K. S. Zaytsev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20R.%20Nartsissov"> Y. R. Nartsissov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycine is one of the key inhibitory neurotransmitters in Central nervous system (CNS) meanwhile glycinergic transmission is highly dependable on its appropriate reuptake from synaptic cleft. Glycine transporters (GlyT) of types 1 and 2 are the enzymes providing glycine transport back to neuronal and glial cells along with Na⁺ and Cl⁻ co-transport. The distribution and stoichiometry of GlyT1 and GlyT2 differ in details, and GlyT2 is more interesting for the research as it reuptakes glycine to neuron cells, whereas GlyT1 is located in glial cells. In the process of GlyT2 activity, the translocation of the amino acid is accompanied with binding of both one chloride and three sodium ions consequently (two sodium ions for GlyT1). In the present study, we developed a computer simulator of GlyT2 and GlyT1 activity based on known experimental data for quantitative estimation of membrane glycine transport. The trait of a single protein functioning was described using the probability approach where each enzyme state was considered separately. Created scheme of transporter functioning realized as a consequence of elemental steps allowed to take into account each event of substrate association and dissociation. Computer experiments using up-to-date kinetic parameters allowed receiving the number of translocated glycine molecules, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions per time period. Flexibility of developed software makes it possible to evaluate glycine reuptake pattern in time under different internal characteristics of enzyme conformational transitions. We investigated the behavior of the system in a wide range of equilibrium constant (from 0.2 to 100), which is not determined experimentally. The significant influence of equilibrium constant in the range from 0.2 to 10 on the glycine transfer process is shown. The environmental conditions such as ion and glycine concentrations are decisive if the values of the constant are outside the specified range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine" title="glycine">glycine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20neurotransmitters" title=" inhibitory neurotransmitters"> inhibitory neurotransmitters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20approach" title=" probability approach"> probability approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20protein%20functioning" title=" single protein functioning"> single protein functioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109745/modeling-of-glycine-transporters-in-mammalian-using-the-probability-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2157</span> Optimization of Temperature Coefficients for MEMS Based Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijay%20Kumar">Vijay Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaspreet%20Singh"> Jaspreet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Wadhwa"> Manoj Wadhwa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piezo-resistive pressure sensors were one of the first developed micromechanical system (MEMS) devices and still display a significant growth prompted by the advancements in micromachining techniques and material technology. In MEMS based piezo-resistive pressure sensors, temperature can be considered as the main environmental condition which affects the system performance. The study of the thermal behavior of these sensors is essential to define the parameters that cause the output characteristics to drift. In this work, a study on the effects of temperature and doping concentration in a boron implanted piezoresistor for a silicon-based pressure sensor is discussed. We have optimized the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and temperature coefficient of sensitivity (TCS) values to determine the effect of temperature drift on the sensor performance. To be more precise, in order to reduce the temperature drift, a high doping concentration is needed. And it is well known that the Wheatstone bridge in a pressure sensor is supplied with a constant voltage or a constant current input supply. With a constant voltage supply, the thermal drift can be compensated along with an external compensation circuit, whereas the thermal drift in the constant current supply can be directly compensated by the bridge itself. But it would be beneficial to also compensate the temperature coefficient of piezoresistors so as to further reduce the temperature drift. So, with a current supply, the TCS is dependent on both the TCπ and TCR. As TCπ is a negative quantity and TCR is a positive quantity, it is possible to choose an appropriate doping concentration at which both of them cancel each other. An exact cancellation of TCR and TCπ values is not readily attainable; therefore, an adjustable approach is generally used in practical applications. Thus, one goal of this work has been to better understand the origin of temperature drift in pressure sensor devices so that the temperature effects can be minimized or eliminated. This paper describes the optimum doping levels for the piezoresistors where the TCS of the pressure transducers will be zero due to the cancellation of TCR and TCπ values. Also, the fabrication and characterization of the pressure sensor are carried out. The optimized TCR value obtained for the fabricated die is 2300 ± 100ppm/ᵒC, for which the piezoresistors are implanted at a doping concentration of 5E13 ions/cm³ and the TCS value of -2100ppm/ᵒC is achieved. Therefore, the desired TCR and TCS value is achieved, which are approximately equal to each other, so the thermal effects are considerably reduced. Finally, we have calculated the effect of temperature and doping concentration on the output characteristics of the sensor. This study allows us to predict the sensor behavior against temperature and to minimize this effect by optimizing the doping concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezo-resistive" title="piezo-resistive">piezo-resistive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20sensor" title=" pressure sensor"> pressure sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping%20concentration" title=" doping concentration"> doping concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCR" title=" TCR"> TCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCS" title=" TCS"> TCS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137637/optimization-of-temperature-coefficients-for-mems-based-piezoresistive-pressure-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2156</span> Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of the Directional Solidified Zn-Al-Cu Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Izzettin%20Yilmazer">Mehmet Izzettin Yilmazer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emin%20Cadirli"> Emin Cadirli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zn-7wt.%Al-2.96wt.%Cu eutectic alloy was directionally solidified upwards with different temperature gradients (from 6.70 K/mm to 10.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (16.4 Km/s) and also different growth rate (from 8.3 micron/s to 166 micron/s) at a constant temperature gradient (10.67 K/mm) using a Bridgman–type growth apparatus.The values of eutectic spacing were measured from longitudinal and transverse sections of the samples. The dependency of microstructures on the G and V were determined with linear regression analysis and experimental equations were found as λl=8.953xVexp-0.49, λt=5.942xVexp-0.42 and λl=0.008xGexp-1.23, λt=0.024xGexp-0.93. The measurements of microhardness of directionally solidified samples were obtained by using a microhardness test device. The dependence of microhardness HV on temperature gradient and growth rate were analyzed. The dependency of microhardness on the G and V were also determined with linear regression analysis as HVl=110.66xVexp0.02, HVt=111.94xVexp0.02 and HVl=69.66xGexp0.17, HVt=68.86xGexp0.18. The experimental results show that the microhardness of the directionally solidified Zn-Al-Cu alloy increases with increasing the growth rate. The results obtained in this work were compared with the previous similar experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20solidification" title="directional solidification">directional solidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eutectic%20alloys" title=" eutectic alloys"> eutectic alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title="microstructure">microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness "> microhardness </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27066/mechanical-properties-and-microstructures-of-the-directional-solidified-zn-al-cu-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2155</span> The Libyc Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ait%20Ali%20Yahia">S. Ait Ali Yahia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the main features of the Maghreb is its linguistic richness. The multilingualism is a fact which always marked the Maghreb since the beginning of the history up to know. Since the arrival of the Phoenicians, followed by the Carthaginians, Romans, and Arabs, etc, there was a social group in the Maghreb which controlled two kinds of idioms. The libyc one remained, despite everything, the local language used by the major part of the population. This language had a support of written transmission attested by many inscriptions. Among all the forms of the Maghreb writing, this alphabet, however, continues to cause a certain number of questions about the origin and the date of its appearance. The archaeological, linguistic and historical data remain insufficient to answer these questions. This did not prevent the researchers from giving an opinion. In order to answer these questions we will expose here the various assumptions adopted by various authors who are founded on more or less explicit arguments. We will also speak about the various forms taken by the libyc writing during antiquity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20alphabet%20libyc" title="the alphabet libyc">the alphabet libyc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eastern%20libyc" title=" Eastern libyc"> Eastern libyc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Western%20libyc" title=" Western libyc"> Western libyc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilingualism" title=" multilingualism"> multilingualism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6391/the-libyc-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2154</span> Sliding Mode Control of a Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System with Active and Reactive Power Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Doumi">M. Doumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tahir"> K. Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Miloudi"> A. Miloudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G.%20Aissaoui"> A. G. Aissaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Belfedal"> C. Belfedal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tahir"> S. Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic generation system with unity power factor for any situation of solar radiation based on voltage-oriented control (VOC). An input voltage clamping technique is proposed to control the power between the grid and photovoltaic system, where it is intended to achieve the maximum power point operation. This method uses a Perturb and Observe (P&O) controller. The main objective of this work is to compare the energy production unit performances by the use of two types of controllers (namely, classical PI and Sliding Mode (SM) Controllers) for the grid inverter control. The proposed control has a hierarchical structure with a grid side control level to regulate the power (PQ) and the current injected to the grid and to obtain a common DC voltage constant. To show the effectiveness of both control methods performances analysis of the system are analyzed and compared by simulation and results included in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20connected%20photovoltaic" title="grid connected photovoltaic">grid connected photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPPT" title=" MPPT"> MPPT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverter%20control" title=" inverter control"> inverter control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20PI" title=" classical PI"> classical PI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode" title=" sliding mode"> sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20voltage%20constant" title=" DC voltage constant"> DC voltage constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage-oriented%20control" title=" voltage-oriented control"> voltage-oriented control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOC" title=" VOC"> VOC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13975/sliding-mode-control-of-a-photovoltaic-grid-connected-system-with-active-and-reactive-power-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piecewise%20constant%20arguments&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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