CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="pt-BR" class="no-js"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#d8352a"> <meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#d8352a"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="127105130696839"> <meta name="current-region" content="br"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="pt-BR"> <script> //<![CDATA[ window.public_path = "https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"; window.TC = {}; window.TC.Config = {"cookie_domain":".theconversation.com","image_cdn_domain":"images.theconversation.com","analytics_url":"https://analytics.theconversation.com","sharejs_init_delay_ms":0,"recaptcha":{"enabled":true,"siteKey":"6Lf3Oc0UAAAAAIbME3Lv7iS7EVeuQzpru1Jbij5N"}}; //]]> </script>  <title>Nossa Equipe: The Conversation Brasil</title> <style media="screen"> @font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;src:local("Montserrat Thin "),local("Montserrat-Thin"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100-a5bfe500a212b55e1d97ab22ec963cc2.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100-f3fd3a8cda2788c9187834cf76d76d57.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:100;src:local("Montserrat Thin italic"),local("Montserrat-Thinitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100italic-c4fd7303dedad09a44867a2c79296456.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-100italic-8545c5c9716e859e79c61d608b561504.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:200;src:local("Montserrat Extra Light "),local("Montserrat-Extra Light"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200-11e53b4b006a3bacb5b027c6a9bb64ce.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200-b6f663e2de4a8379688cdba1b954edbc.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:200;src:local("Montserrat Extra Light italic"),local("Montserrat-Extra Lightitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200italic-32131f2a84c4a3abee7d2fd2b49850ad.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-200italic-cd7b7fa2da727185e9a74724658bcc65.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local("Montserrat Light "),local("Montserrat-Light"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300-c587fd5d56f85fb730092fc82551b5a1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300-46b5c290e8fd38b7639e3f9383c2ac56.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;src:local("Montserrat Light italic"),local("Montserrat-Lightitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300italic-ca09533c023a3a9df2fb0167c26e0fdb.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-300italic-f56d740b2c209398b341cc025a9c77d6.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Montserrat Regular "),local("Montserrat-Regular"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400-504499c7e16ee847a32a7a8bf6923a79.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400-7710fcbaccd9837e1c5e7e819bf1d230.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local("Montserrat Regular italic"),local("Montserrat-Regularitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400italic-920286bb1fd8ffb693ef17a42546ee3a.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-400italic-035e0faa25a71eeab032f07cf5490eef.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local("Montserrat Medium "),local("Montserrat-Medium"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500-6fd836a65acf6d59bd2f5e0be5717207.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500-561e37f444fecedbe680a382e941392a.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:local("Montserrat Medium italic"),local("Montserrat-Mediumitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500italic-44f475da8da3427ecc77a4450f00452c.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-500italic-4d2fdf6bcf6c74b893e69fec9c8907e5.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;src:local("Montserrat SemiBold "),local("Montserrat-SemiBold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600-c18b4ac34e93857f7437c28f94923dc0.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600-010ceaeb92611d327450a647f8ce6017.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;src:local("Montserrat SemiBold italic"),local("Montserrat-SemiBolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600italic-2dbbde16b836db7a390a71d3aa2a232e.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-600italic-045adf4940dd14d523350697cd984663.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Montserrat Bold "),local("Montserrat-Bold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700-66fd2310725b78026454e50d0dd9effc.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700-a7a97263d97c409f1a624f88d4f8f00e.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local("Montserrat Bold italic"),local("Montserrat-Bolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700italic-a9005293d3425d6e611c7c5f451d6f68.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-700italic-2413952457cc83b0bc6fe20b12ffa15b.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:800;src:local("Montserrat ExtraBold "),local("Montserrat-ExtraBold"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800-abbac7439df45ab1a1e316d480a5c281.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800-5e564db333b8b21c83b84ed531d94eb2.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:800;src:local("Montserrat ExtraBold italic"),local("Montserrat-ExtraBolditalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800italic-4dac3f51b5a7a0609d210cc4fd4d5980.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-800italic-61120b3c6f076e91b0a7e86ac6966634.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;src:local("Montserrat Black "),local("Montserrat-Black"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900-041d8fc07df6765187171717d5b810fb.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900-c440708c3b73b3d9cea7e345718de728.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Montserrat;font-style:italic;font-weight:900;src:local("Montserrat Black italic"),local("Montserrat-Blackitalic"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900italic-3028f5dd9ff9ce34cb18fac0f6ffbbda.woff2) format("woff2"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/typeface-montserrat/files/montserrat-latin-900italic-1d7048d5048513c46705b15fb67a4379.woff) format("woff")}@keyframes (progress){to{background-position:-60px 0}}abbr,address,article,aside,audio,b,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,em,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,object,ol,p,pre,q,samp,section,small,span,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,ul,var,video{background:transparent;border:0;font-size:100%;margin:0;outline:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline}body,html{height:100%;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}table{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0}caption,td,th{font-weight:400;text-align:left}table,td,th{vertical-align:middle}blockquote:after,blockquote:before,q:after,q:before{content:""}blockquote,q{quotes:"" ""}img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}a img{border:none}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}nav ol,nav ul{list-style:none}del{text-decoration:line-through}sup{vertical-align:super}sub,sup{font-size:smaller}sub{vertical-align:sub}abbr[title],dfn[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}input,select{vertical-align:middle}[class*=" icon-"],[class^=icon-],h1{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}@font-face{font-family:TCFont-Regular;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-f612b8e50274f80fce402eb6dd5356ea.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-f612b8e50274f80fce402eb6dd5356ea.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-b820d37bb7b5e511344449a3bb688f10.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/tcfont-regular-f5cd784c207a3587678e5864b0e6a5ce.ttf) format("truetype")}[class*=" icon-"],[class^=icon-]{display:inline-block;font-family:TCFont-Regular;font-size:1.231em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:400!important;position:relative;top:-.1em;vertical-align:middle;width:1.231em}[class*=" icon-"].icon-comments:before,[class^=icon-].icon-comments:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-twitter:before,[class^=icon-].icon-twitter:before{color:#000;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-email:before,[class^=icon-].icon-email:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-facebook:before,[class^=icon-].icon-facebook:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-maximise:before,[class^=icon-].icon-maximise:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-republish:before,[class^=icon-].icon-republish:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-globe:before,[class^=icon-].icon-globe:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-delete:before,[class^=icon-].icon-delete:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-add:before,[class^=icon-].icon-add:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-layout:before,[class^=icon-].icon-layout:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-article-published:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-article:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article-published:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-article-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-article-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-chart:before,[class^=icon-].icon-chart:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-reader:before,[class^=icon-].icon-reader:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-readers:before,[class^=icon-].icon-readers:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-subtract:before,[class^=icon-].icon-subtract:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-comment:before,[class^=icon-].icon-comment:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-search:before,[class^=icon-].icon-search:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-help:before,[class^=icon-].icon-help:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-rss:before,[class^=icon-].icon-rss:before{color:#eb7f3e;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-rss-non-coloured:before,[class^=icon-].icon-rss-non-coloured:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-location:before,[class^=icon-].icon-location:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-time:before,[class^=icon-].icon-time:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc-outer:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc-outer:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-friend-of-tc-heart:before,[class^=icon-].icon-friend-of-tc-heart:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite-add:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite-add:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-followed:before,[class^=icon-].icon-followed:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-skype:before,[class^=icon-].icon-skype:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-media-enquiries:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-phone:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-work-phone:before,[class^=icon-].icon-media-enquiries:before,[class^=icon-].icon-phone:before,[class^=icon-].icon-work-phone:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-mobile:before,[class^=icon-].icon-mobile:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-private:before,[class^=icon-].icon-private:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-public:before,[class^=icon-].icon-public:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-topics:before,[class^=icon-].icon-topics:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-menu:before,[class^=icon-].icon-menu:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-external-link:before,[class^=icon-].icon-external-link:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-trash:before,[class^=icon-].icon-trash:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-image:before,[class*=" icon-"].icon-picture:before,[class^=icon-].icon-image:before,[class^=icon-].icon-picture:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-edit:before,[class^=icon-].icon-edit:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-heading:before,[class^=icon-].icon-heading:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-bold:before,[class^=icon-].icon-bold:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-italic:before,[class^=icon-].icon-italic:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-link:before,[class^=icon-].icon-link:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-video:before,[class^=icon-].icon-video:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-fullscreen:before,[class^=icon-].icon-fullscreen:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-close-fullscreen:before,[class^=icon-].icon-close-fullscreen:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-favourite-minus:before,[class^=icon-].icon-favourite-minus:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-envelope:before,[class^=icon-].icon-envelope:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-simple-check:before,[class^=icon-].icon-simple-check:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-calendar:before,[class^=icon-].icon-calendar:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-the-conversation:before,[class^=icon-].icon-the-conversation:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-lock:before,[class^=icon-].icon-lock:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-unlock:before,[class^=icon-].icon-unlock:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-audio:before,[class^=icon-].icon-audio:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-chevron-right:before,[class^=icon-].icon-chevron-right:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-down:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-down:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-left:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-left:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-right:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-right:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-caret-up:before,[class^=icon-].icon-caret-up:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-pastespecial:before,[class^=icon-].icon-pastespecial:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-linkedin:before,[class^=icon-].icon-linkedin:before{color:#0181b2;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-pause:before,[class^=icon-].icon-pause:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-cog:before,[class^=icon-].icon-cog:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-orcid:before,[class^=icon-].icon-orcid:before{color:#a6ce39;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-music:before,[class^=icon-].icon-music:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-print:before,[class^=icon-].icon-print:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-google-plus:before,[class^=icon-].icon-google-plus:before{color:#de4931;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-home:before,[class^=icon-].icon-home:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-facebook-simple:before,[class^=icon-].icon-facebook-simple:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-tag:before,[class^=icon-].icon-tag:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-left-guillemet:before,[class^=icon-].icon-left-guillemet:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-input:before,[class^=icon-].icon-input:before{content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-whatsapp:before,[class^=icon-].icon-whatsapp:before{color:#455a64;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-fb-messenger:before,[class^=icon-].icon-fb-messenger:before{color:#0084ff;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-youtube:before,[class^=icon-].icon-youtube:before{color:red;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-facebook:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-facebook:before{color:#3a5a93;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-twitter:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-twitter:before{color:#000;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-linkedin:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-linkedin:before{color:#0181b2;content:""}[class*=" icon-"].icon-auth-google:before,[class^=icon-].icon-auth-google:before{color:#de4931;content:""}.icon-combine .icon-friend-of-tc-heart{margin-top:.045em;position:absolute}span.icon-combine-heart{display:inline-block;font-size:inherit;height:inherit;padding-left:10px;position:relative}span.icon-combine-heart i{left:0;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0}i.icon-conversation-red{color:#d8372c}.vivus-icon-examples li{float:left;height:25px;list-style:none;padding:10px 0;width:25%}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-979b88dad081c654981a0c29d46e27bc.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-979b88dad081c654981a0c29d46e27bc.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-6fbec92a1e6cb891ff0da1af2e97a523.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-regular-116bba3f2aa32286b63c594118c67f74.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-9f88f945d8445fa58978dfbc4bce5ae9.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-9f88f945d8445fa58978dfbc4bce5ae9.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-98b8244fa821eed601d3d92165b098c6.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bold-1c63ea5a813372cc806d3885496b3308.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-760c6e0b5a6ab858f15ea6cc6a864a40.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-760c6e0b5a6ab858f15ea6cc6a864a40.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-022309ef5c47fb36921851f730a90a84.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-italic-e6cc30071bd07d243648b875a10a6c02.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-family:Libre Baskerville;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-4fc9003b7c507a3909502ccc05a9cf2a.eot);src:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-4fc9003b7c507a3909502ccc05a9cf2a.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-005508da94d530c4715b860b63e014bc.woff) format("woff"),url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/carlton/fonts/librebaskerville-bolditalic-d0e7fc2079d2288a9c737a386bd46401.ttf) format("truetype")}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body{font-size:16px;height:100%;line-height:22px;width:100%}body #page-wrapper.overlay-visible{height:100%;overflow:hidden}body .handheld{display:block}body p{padding:0}body.pages-show .highlight-panel{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-analysis,body.pages-show .page-layout.section .series{display:block}body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section .handheld-briefs{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-briefs,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-research{display:block}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research #special_section,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research .series,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-research section#research-news .bordered{display:none}body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-ad,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-columnists{display:block}body #analysis-and-comment .bordered,body #columnists .bordered,body #eb,body #editors-picks,body #members-footer,body #misc-sidebar,body #partners-footer,body #primary-navigation,body #research-news .bordered,body .masthead-search,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns #special_section,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .handheld-briefs,body.pages-show .page-layout.section.handheld-display-columns .series{display:none}body .wrapper{margin:0;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;width:auto}body.search-index #search_form #search-header{background:none;padding:0}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form{padding-bottom:0}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form label{box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 0 0 8px}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form input{-webkit-appearance:none;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:20px;min-width:100%;padding:4px 8px 4px 35px;width:100%}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form input[type=submit]{left:-110%;position:absolute}body.search-index #search_form #search-header .search-form nav,body.search-index #search_form aside#search-sidebar{display:none}body.search-index #search_form section#search-results{margin-top:12px}body.search-index #search_form section#search-results h1{font-size:20px;text-align:left}body footer#footer{padding:5px 0}body footer#footer a{letter-spacing:normal;margin-right:10px}body footer#footer p.copyright{clear:both;float:none;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:normal;margin-bottom:0;padding:5px 0;text-align:center}body footer#footer p.copyright span{display:block}body footer#footer p.copyright span+span{margin-top:3px}body footer#footer p.copyright a{display:inline}body footer#footer p.copyright .comma{display:none}body #outer{padding-top:12px}body #outer>.wrapper{padding-bottom:0}body #outer .sidebar-link-list{display:none}body.pages .page-layout.section nav#tabbed-navigation{display:table}body h1.page-header{font-size:20px!important;line-height:1.3!important;width:100%}body h2{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3}body.partners.partners-index .partner article:after,body.partners.partners-index .partner:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}body.info.info-contact_us #email tr th{border:0!important;display:block;padding-bottom:10px!important}body.info.info-contact_us #email tr td{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;border-top:0!important;display:block;margin:0!important;padding-top:0!important}body article aside.share{clear:both}body article aside.share li{float:left;margin-right:5px}body article aside.share li .button{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:8px}body .content-list figure{display:none}body.columns-show article{margin-bottom:1em}body.columns-show .pagination{font-size:.9em;margin-bottom:1em}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){html body .article-section article h2{font-size:20px}html body .article-section .lead-story h2{font-size:30px}html body .article-section .c-format h2{font-size:12px}html body.profiles-dashboards-show .metrics-wrapper .metrics-column{width:50%}html body .donations-video iframe{height:279px}}.vivus-grid-example{background-color:#212121;color:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;padding:20px;text-align:center}body{min-width:992px}.wrapper{margin:0 auto;position:relative;width:972px}.wrapper:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.wrapper [class*=" grid-"],.wrapper [class^=grid-]{float:left;margin-right:20px}.wrapper .grid-one{width:42px}.wrapper .grid-two{width:104px}.wrapper .grid-three{width:166px}.wrapper .grid-four{width:228px}.wrapper .grid-five{width:290px}.wrapper .grid-six{width:352px}.wrapper .grid-seven{width:414px}.wrapper .grid-eight{width:476px}.wrapper .grid-nine{width:538px}.wrapper .grid-ten{width:600px}.wrapper .grid-eleven{width:662px}.wrapper .grid-twelve{width:724px}.wrapper .grid-thirteen{width:786px}.wrapper .grid-fourteen{width:848px}.wrapper .grid-fifteen{width:910px}.wrapper .grid-sixteen{width:972px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-one{margin-left:62px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:124px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-three{margin-left:186px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-four{margin-left:248px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-five{margin-left:310px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-six{margin-left:372px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:434px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:496px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:558px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:620px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:682px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:744px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:806px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:868px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:930px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:992px}.wrapper .grid-append-one{margin-right:62px}.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:124px}.wrapper .grid-append-three{margin-right:186px}.wrapper .grid-append-four{margin-right:248px}.wrapper .grid-append-five{margin-right:310px}.wrapper .grid-append-six{margin-right:372px}.wrapper .grid-append-seven{margin-right:434px}.wrapper .grid-append-eight{margin-right:496px}.wrapper .grid-append-nine{margin-right:558px}.wrapper .grid-append-ten{margin-right:620px}.wrapper .grid-append-eleven{margin-right:682px}.wrapper .grid-append-twelve{margin-right:744px}.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:806px}.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:868px}.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:930px}.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:992px}.wrapper .grid-last{margin-right:0}.wrapper .grid-left{float:left}.wrapper .grid-right{float:right}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body{min-width:100%}.wrapper,.wrapper .grid-eight,.wrapper .grid-eleven,.wrapper .grid-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-five,.wrapper .grid-four,.wrapper .grid-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-nine,.wrapper .grid-one,.wrapper .grid-seven,.wrapper .grid-six,.wrapper .grid-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-ten,.wrapper .grid-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-three,.wrapper .grid-twelve,.wrapper .grid-two{width:100%}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight,.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven,.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-five,.wrapper .grid-prepend-four,.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine,.wrapper .grid-prepend-one,.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven,.wrapper .grid-prepend-six,.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten,.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-prepend-three,.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve,.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:0}.wrapper .grid-append-eight,.wrapper .grid-append-eleven,.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen,.wrapper .grid-append-five,.wrapper .grid-append-four,.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen,.wrapper .grid-append-nine,.wrapper .grid-append-one,.wrapper .grid-append-seven,.wrapper .grid-append-six,.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen,.wrapper .grid-append-ten,.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen,.wrapper .grid-append-three,.wrapper .grid-append-twelve,.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){body{min-width:1376px}.wrapper{width:1356px}.wrapper .grid-one{width:66px}.wrapper .grid-two{width:152px}.wrapper .grid-three{width:238px}.wrapper .grid-four{width:324px}.wrapper .grid-five{width:410px}.wrapper .grid-six{width:496px}.wrapper .grid-seven{width:582px}.wrapper .grid-eight{width:668px}.wrapper .grid-nine{width:754px}.wrapper .grid-ten{width:840px}.wrapper .grid-eleven{width:926px}.wrapper .grid-twelve{width:1012px}.wrapper .grid-thirteen{width:1098px}.wrapper .grid-fourteen{width:1184px}.wrapper .grid-fifteen{width:1270px}.wrapper .grid-sixteen{width:1356px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-one{margin-left:86px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-two{margin-left:172px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-three{margin-left:258px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-four{margin-left:344px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-five{margin-left:430px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-six{margin-left:516px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:602px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:688px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:774px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:860px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:946px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:1032px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:1118px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:1204px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:1290px}.wrapper .grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:1376px}.wrapper .grid-append-one{margin-right:86px}.wrapper .grid-append-two{margin-right:172px}.wrapper .grid-append-three{margin-right:258px}.wrapper .grid-append-four{margin-right:344px}.wrapper .grid-append-five{margin-right:430px}.wrapper .grid-append-six{margin-right:516px}.wrapper .grid-append-seven{margin-right:602px}.wrapper .grid-append-eight{margin-right:688px}.wrapper .grid-append-nine{margin-right:774px}.wrapper .grid-append-ten{margin-right:860px}.wrapper .grid-append-eleven{margin-right:946px}.wrapper .grid-append-twelve{margin-right:1032px}.wrapper .grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:1118px}.wrapper .grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:1204px}.wrapper .grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:1290px}.wrapper .grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:1376px}.wrapper .large-grid-one{width:66px}.wrapper .large-grid-two{width:152px}.wrapper .large-grid-three{width:238px}.wrapper .large-grid-four{width:324px}.wrapper .large-grid-five{width:410px}.wrapper .large-grid-six{width:496px}.wrapper .large-grid-seven{width:582px}.wrapper .large-grid-eight{width:668px}.wrapper .large-grid-nine{width:754px}.wrapper .large-grid-ten{width:840px}.wrapper .large-grid-eleven{width:926px}.wrapper .large-grid-twelve{width:1012px}.wrapper .large-grid-thirteen{width:1098px}.wrapper .large-grid-fourteen{width:1184px}.wrapper .large-grid-fifteen{width:1270px}.wrapper .large-grid-sixteen{width:1356px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-one{margin-left:86px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-two{margin-left:172px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-three{margin-left:258px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-four{margin-left:344px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-five{margin-left:430px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-six{margin-left:516px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-seven{margin-left:602px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-eight{margin-left:688px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-nine{margin-left:774px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-ten{margin-left:860px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-eleven{margin-left:946px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-twelve{margin-left:1032px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-thirteen{margin-left:1118px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-fourteen{margin-left:1204px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-fifteen{margin-left:1290px}.wrapper .large-grid-prepend-sixteen{margin-left:1376px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-one{margin-right:86px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-two{margin-right:172px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-three{margin-right:258px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-four{margin-right:344px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-five{margin-right:430px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-six{margin-right:516px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-seven{margin-right:602px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-eight{margin-right:688px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-nine{margin-right:774px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-ten{margin-right:860px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-eleven{margin-right:946px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-twelve{margin-right:1032px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-thirteen{margin-right:1118px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-fourteen{margin-right:1204px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-fifteen{margin-right:1290px}.wrapper .large-grid-append-sixteen{margin-right:1376px}}#header{background:#f2f2f3;border-bottom:5px solid #f2f2f3;border-top:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-top:24px}#header.condensed{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-top:17px}#header.condensed #masthead{margin-bottom:18px}#header.condensed .masthead-home-link{display:block;float:left;top:3px;width:260px}#header.condensed .masthead-home-link img{width:100%}#header.condensed .masthead-tagline{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#header,#header.condensed{border:none;padding:0}#header .wrapper,#header.condensed .wrapper{position:static}#header #masthead,#header.condensed #masthead{margin:0}}#masthead{margin:0 0 24px;position:relative}#masthead .masthead-home-link{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;float:left;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:32px;font-weight:700;height:29px;margin-bottom:0;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;width:350px}#masthead .masthead-home-link img{display:block}html.no-svg #masthead .masthead-home-link{background:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/logos/logo-no-svg-44adbb10155a857a2ee142b13158122f.png) 0 0 no-repeat;height:30px;width:262px}html.no-svg #masthead .masthead-home-link img{display:none}#masthead .masthead-tagline{clear:left;color:#4b4b4e;float:left;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;height:18px;padding-top:4px;width:300px}#masthead .masthead-search{float:right;margin-left:20px;margin-top:-3px}#masthead .masthead-search input{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;min-width:280px;padding:7px 6px 6px 26px;position:relative}#masthead .masthead-search input:focus{border-color:#d7d7db;outline:none}#masthead .masthead-search label{color:#4b4b4e;padding:8px 0 0 12px;position:absolute;z-index:3}#masthead .masthead-search label i:before{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:14px;left:-4px;position:relative;top:0}#masthead .masthead-search .button,#masthead .masthead-search legend{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#masthead{display:none}}#topbar{background:#fff;height:46px;line-height:18px;position:relative;z-index:25}.topbar-module{float:left}.topbar-button-list{list-style:none}.topbar-button-list li{float:left;margin-right:8px}.topbar-button-list li:first-child{margin-left:8px}.topbar-button-list a{border-radius:16px;display:block;height:32px;line-height:32px;margin:7px 0;text-align:center;width:32px}.topbar-button-list i{font-size:16px;line-height:16px;margin:0 auto;top:2px;vertical-align:baseline}.topbar-button-list i:before{color:#fff}.topbar-stay-informed{float:right}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button-text{color:#fff;display:none;padding:0 6px 0 0}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button.with-label a{padding:0 6px;width:auto}.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button i:before{color:#fff}.topbar-stay-informed .newsletter a{background:#d8372c}.topbar-stay-informed .newsletter a:hover{background:#b12a20}.topbar-stay-informed .facebook a{background:#3a5a93}.topbar-stay-informed .facebook a:hover{background:#4971b7}.topbar-stay-informed .twitter a{background:#00b0e9}.topbar-stay-informed .twitter a:hover{background:#1dc8ff}.topbar-stay-informed .rss a{background:#eb7f3e}.topbar-stay-informed .rss a:hover{background:#f09e6c}.topbar-stay-informed .linkedin a{background:#0181b2}.topbar-stay-informed .linkedin a:hover{background:#01a6e5}.topbar-stay-informed .googleplus a{background:#de4931}.topbar-stay-informed .googleplus a:hover{background:#e5705d}.topbar-item-list{list-style:none}.topbar-item-list li{border-left:1px solid #d7d7db;float:left}.topbar-item-list li:first-child{border-left:0;padding-left:0}.topbar-item-list li a{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 10px 13px;transition:background .3s}.topbar-item-list li a:active,.topbar-item-list li a:focus,.topbar-item-list li a:hover{background:#f2f2f3;color:#000}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate{background-color:#d8372c}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a{color:#fff;font-weight:700;padding:14px 10px}.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:active,.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:focus,.topbar-item-list .tc-donate a:hover{background:#990a00;color:#fff}.topbar-dropdown a{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 15px 13px;position:relative;transition:background .3s;white-space:nowrap;z-index:200}.topbar-dropdown a:active,.topbar-dropdown a:focus,.topbar-dropdown a:hover{background:#f2f2f3;color:#000}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-10000px;top:0}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close:focus,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-close:hover,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open:focus,.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-open:hover{background:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7") repeat 0 0}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-contents{display:block;height:18px;padding:15px 6px 13px 15px;position:relative}.topbar-dropdown .menu-button-text{float:left;max-width:150px;overflow:hidden;padding-right:6px;position:relative;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.topbar-dropdown .drop-down-caret{color:transparent;font-size:1em;opacity:.6;top:-2px}.js .topbar-dropdown .drop-down-caret{color:inherit}.topbar-dropdown.open .menu{display:block;z-index:8}.topbar-dropdown.open .menu-button-contents{border-bottom:1px solid #fff;margin-bottom:-1px;position:relative;z-index:10}.topbar-dropdown .menu{background:#fff;border:1px solid #f1f1f2;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-sizing:border-box;display:none;left:0;margin-right:-1px;min-width:100%;position:absolute;top:46px}.topbar-mobile-home-link{color:#4b4b4e;display:none;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;height:46px;margin-left:25%;text-transform:uppercase;width:50%;z-index:100}.topbar-mobile-home-link img{position:relative;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:100%}.topbar-home-link{text-align:center}.topbar-dashboard-link{float:right}.topbar-dashboard-link a{border-left:1px solid #f2f2f3;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3}.topbar-label{padding:15px 0 13px 10px}.topbar-edition-selector{border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3;height:46px;position:relative}.topbar-edition-selector .current-region{color:#d8372c}.topbar-account-nav{border-right:1px solid #f2f2f3;float:right;position:relative}.editing-page .topbar-account-nav{border-right:0}.topbar-account-nav img{border-radius:32px;display:inline;height:36px;margin-top:-10px;width:36px}.topbar-account-nav .dashboard{display:none}.topbar-account-nav .activity-count{background:#d8372c;border:1px solid #d8372c;border-radius:10px;color:#fff;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;height:14px;line-height:14px;padding:2px 6px;position:absolute;right:-11px;top:3px;z-index:12}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){.topbar-stay-informed .topbar-button-text{display:inline}}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.topbar-admin-shortcuts,.topbar-dashboard-link,.topbar-edition-selector,.topbar-edition-selector-title,.topbar-home-link,.topbar-promotional-links,.topbar-stay-informed{display:none}#topbar{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;font-size:12px}#topbar .wrapper{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}#topbar .topbar-mobile-home-link{display:block}#topbar .author-signup,#topbar .reader-signup{display:none}.topbar-account-nav{border-right:0;display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.topbar-account-nav .activity-count{right:33px}.topbar-account-nav.open .menu-button-contents{border-left:1px solid #f2f2f3}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button-contents{padding-left:6px}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button-name{display:none}.topbar-account-nav .menu{border-right:0;left:auto;right:1px}.topbar-account-nav .dashboard{display:block}.topbar-account-nav .menu-button{padding-left:0}}#page-wrapper,body,html{height:100%}body{background-color:#fff;line-height:18px}#page-wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column}#outer{flex:1;padding-top:48px}#outer>.wrapper{padding-bottom:48px}#footers{flex-shrink:0}.handheld{display:none}h1 a:hover{text-decoration:none}div.crop{overflow:hidden}table.grid td,table.grid tr{border-bottom:1px solid #000}input::-moz-placeholder{color:#62626a}input::placeholder{color:#62626a}input.placeholder{color:#62626a}input:focus::-moz-placeholder{color:#d7d7db}input:focus::placeholder{color:#d7d7db}input:focus.placeholder{color:#d7d7db}.fluid-width-video-wrapper{margin-bottom:18px}audio{display:none;height:0;visibility:hidden;width:0}.placeholder-container{background-color:var(--background-color);position:relative}.placeholder-container:before{content:"";float:left;height:0;margin-left:-1px;padding-top:var(--aspect-ratio-percent);width:1px}.placeholder-container:after{clear:both;content:"";display:table}.placeholder-container iframe,.placeholder-container img{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;opacity:.1;position:absolute!important;right:0;top:0;transition:opacity .5s;width:100%}.placeholder-container iframe.lazyloaded,.placeholder-container img.lazyloaded{filter:blur(0);opacity:1}.placeholder-container img{background-color:#fff}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body,input,select,textarea{color:#000;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:13px}.text-center{text-align:center}span.nobr{white-space:nowrap}p{margin-bottom:18px}p.fine-print{font-size:11px!important}strong{font-weight:700}blockquote,em{font-style:italic}blockquote{clear:both;color:#4b4b4e;margin-bottom:18px;padding:9px 18px 12px;text-align:center}blockquote p:last-child,blockquote>blockquote:last-child{margin-bottom:0}blockquote,blockquote.left{border-left:4px solid #d7d7db;text-align:left}blockquote.right{border-right:4px solid #d7d7db;text-align:right}blockquote.feature{border-bottom:4px solid #f2f2f3;border-left:none;border-top:4px solid #f2f2f3;color:#000;font-family:LeagueGothicRegular,League Gothic,Impact,sans-serif;font-size:32px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;margin:18px 0 36px;padding:30px 0 24px;position:relative;text-align:left;text-transform:uppercase}blockquote.feature p:first-child{text-indent:50px}blockquote.feature:before{color:#d7d7db;content:"“";font-size:125px;left:0;position:absolute;top:62px}blockquote.feature,blockquote.feature p{line-height:36px}blockquote.feature cite{font-size:24px}blockquote.feature cite:before{content:"— "}blockquote cite{color:#4b4b4e;font-style:normal}blockquote,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{-webkit-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-moz-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-ms-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;-o-text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}h1.legacy.slammed,h2.slammed,h3.slammed,h4.legacy.slammed,h5.slammed,h6.slammed{margin-bottom:0}h1.legacy.border,h2.border,h3.border,h4.legacy.border,h5.border,h6.border{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;padding-bottom:.33em}h1.legacy{font-size:28px;font-weight:700;line-height:36px;margin-bottom:18px}h1.legacy.page-header{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;margin-bottom:36px;padding-bottom:9px}h1.legacy.page-header span{color:#d7d7db}h2{font-size:23px}h2,h3{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:12px}h3{color:#000;font-size:15px;line-height:18px}h4.legacy{color:#000;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:10px;text-transform:uppercase}h6{color:#d7d7db}hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #d7d7db;clear:both;margin-bottom:18px}.link,a{color:#085d91;outline:none;text-decoration:none}.link:hover,a:hover{color:#003461;text-decoration:none}.link:focus,a:focus{outline:none}.link:visited,a:visited{color:#4b4b4e}.link:visited:hover,a:visited:hover{color:#085d91}nav ol li,nav ul li{list-style:none;margin-left:0}ul li{margin-left:0}ul.fine-print li{font-size:11px}ul.semantic li{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}ol li{margin-left:0}ol.fine-print li{font-size:11px}ol.semantic li{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}dl dt{clear:left;float:left;font-weight:700}dl dd{float:left;margin-left:1em;text-align:left}.league-gothic{font-family:LeagueGothicRegular,League Gothic,Impact,sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-size-adjust:.455;font-weight:400;line-height:40px;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}.meslo{font-family:MesloLGMDZ,Monaco,monospace}.figure,figure{display:block;position:relative}.figure:after,figure:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.figure iframe,figure iframe{display:block}.figure .figcaption,.figure figcaption,figure .figcaption,figure figcaption{color:#212121;display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;padding-top:6px}.figure .figcaption a,.figure figcaption a,figure .figcaption a,figure figcaption a{font-weight:400!important}.figure .figcaption .attribution,.figure .figcaption .attribution a,.figure figcaption .attribution,.figure figcaption .attribution a,figure .figcaption .attribution,figure .figcaption .attribution a,figure figcaption .attribution,figure figcaption .attribution a{color:#212121}.figure .figcaption .attribution a:focus,.figure .figcaption .attribution a:hover,.figure figcaption .attribution a:focus,.figure figcaption .attribution a:hover,figure .figcaption .attribution a:focus,figure .figcaption .attribution a:hover,figure figcaption .attribution a:focus,figure figcaption .attribution a:hover{color:#085d91}article header p.byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;line-height:18px;margin-bottom:0;padding:2px 0}.callout{background:#f2f2f3;border-top:4px solid #d7d7db;color:#000;display:block;margin:1em 0;padding:.5em 1em}.right{float:right}.left{float:left}.clear{clear:both}.clear-left{clear:left}.clear-right{clear:right}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before{content:" ";display:block;height:0;visibility:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.clearfix{zoom:1}@keyframes pulse{40%{transform:scale(1)}47%{transform:scale(1.03)}55%{transform:scale(1)}to{transform:scale(1)}}.information{background:#f2f2f3 url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-instructions-76f48e944055d94f9ad902aca4ffe1f1.png) no-repeat 15px 13px;border-radius:2px;color:#4b4b4e;padding:12px 12px 12px 42px}.information a{color:inherit;font-weight:700}.information p{margin-bottom:0}.information p+p{margin-top:1em}.information .button{margin:-3px 6px}.information ul{list-style-position:inside}.information.prominent{background-color:#f2f2f3;border:1px solid #d7d7db}.information.success{background-color:#29a37a;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-success-cefcd0dc236e8d3c0a77863b29040399.png);color:#fff}.information.error{background-color:#d8372c;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-error-f95893328ecf3dd6c51eba085c089084.png);color:#fff}.information.warning{background-color:#ffda75;background-image:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/icons/alert-information-30e614f3f403049753170ccd98ce7053.png);color:#000}.formtastic .information{padding:12px 12px 12px 42px}p.flash{animation-duration:5s;animation-iteration-count:infinite;animation-name:pulse;animation-timing-function:ease-in-out;backface-visibility:hidden;background-color:#f2f2f3;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-top:none;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#000;filter:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/"data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><filter id='grayscale'><feColorMatrix type='matrix' values='1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0'/></filter></svg>#grayscale");font-size:13px;left:50%;margin-left:-240px;padding:10px 20px;position:fixed;text-align:center;top:0;transform-style:preserve-3d;width:440px;z-index:30000}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){p.flash{margin-left:-37%;padding:10px 2%;width:70%}}p.flash.hidden{top:-200px;transition:top .5s}p.flash.show{top:0;transition:top .5s}p.flash.notice{background-color:#29a37a;border-color:#29a37a;color:#fff;font-weight:700}p.flash.warning{background-color:#ffda75;border-color:#ffda75}p.flash.alert{background-color:#d8372c;border-color:#d8372c;color:#fff;font-weight:700}#masthead{padding-top:5px}#masthead a.masthead-home-link{height:40px;margin-top:-8px}#masthead .masthead-search #q{box-sizing:border-box}#primary-navigation{position:relative}#primary-navigation:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}#primary-navigation ol{float:left;list-style:none;margin-bottom:-4px;width:100%;z-index:3}#primary-navigation li{float:left;margin-right:.8em}#primary-navigation li:last-child{margin-right:0}#primary-navigation li.custom-nav-link{float:right;margin-left:20px}#primary-navigation a{border-bottom:5px solid transparent;color:#4b4b4e;display:block;float:left;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;margin-bottom:-1px;padding-bottom:5px}#primary-navigation a.current,#primary-navigation a:hover{border-color:#d8372c;text-decoration:none}#primary-navigation a:hover{color:#4b4b4e}#primary-navigation a.current{color:#212121}#primary-navigation span span{color:#4b4b4e}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){#primary-navigation li{margin-right:1.2em}#primary-navigation a{font-size:14px}}.region-select{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:.25rem;float:left;height:28px;margin:10px 10px 0 0;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:140px}.region-select:after{bottom:0;color:#d7d7db;content:"";font-family:TCFont-Regular;line-height:2;position:absolute;right:10px;top:0}.region-select select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;-moz-outline:none;-moz-user-focus:none;background:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:#383838;display:block;font-size:inherit;height:28px;outline:none;padding:5px 7px;position:absolute;text-indent:.01px;text-overflow:"";width:120%;z-index:1}.region-select select:-moz-focusring{color:transparent}.region-select select::-ms-expand{display:none}.search-form legend{display:none}.search-form .input-wrapper{position:relative}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text],.search-form .input-wrapper label{display:block;font-size:12px;line-height:16px}.search-form .input-wrapper label{color:#4b4b4e;padding:8px 0 0 12px;position:absolute;z-index:3}.search-form .input-wrapper label i:before{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:14px;left:-4px;position:relative;top:0}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text]{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;min-width:280px;padding:7px 6px 6px 26px;position:relative}.search-form .input-wrapper input[type=text]:focus{border-color:#293299;outline:none}#small-sidebar{background:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border-top:46px solid transparent;box-sizing:border-box;display:none;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;height:0;overflow-y:auto;position:absolute;top:0;transition:height .55s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1);width:100%;z-index:11;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}#small-sidebar.visible{height:100%}#small-sidebar.visible .small-sidebar-group{opacity:1;top:0}.new-header #small-sidebar{border-top:96px solid transparent;z-index:9}#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button{color:#383838;display:none;font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:46px;padding:0 12px;position:absolute;top:auto;transition:opacity .275s}.new-header #small-sidebar-close-button,.new-header #small-sidebar-open-button{color:#000;font-family:Montserrat;line-height:57px;padding:0 16px;top:44px}#small-sidebar-open-button{opacity:1;z-index:101}#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button.visible{opacity:0;z-index:100}#small-sidebar-close-button.visible{opacity:1;z-index:101}.small-sidebar-editions .region-select{border:none;box-sizing:border-box;height:33px;margin:0;width:100%}.small-sidebar-editions .region-select:after{color:#727272;line-height:1em;padding:10px;pointer-events:none;right:0;top:0}.small-sidebar-editions select{font-size:15px;height:33px;padding:0 4px}#small-sidebar-search form{position:relative}#small-sidebar-search input{border:none;border-radius:.25rem;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:15px;height:33px;width:100%}#small-sidebar-search input::-moz-placeholder{color:#383838;opacity:1}#small-sidebar-search input::placeholder{color:#383838;opacity:1}#small-sidebar-search input:focus::-moz-placeholder{opacity:.2}#small-sidebar-search input:focus::placeholder{opacity:.2}#small-sidebar-search button{background:none;border:none;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;height:29px;padding:7px 0;position:absolute;right:2px;top:2px;transition:background .3s;width:33px}#small-sidebar-search button .icon-search{color:#727272;font-size:22px}#small-sidebar-search input,.small-sidebar-editions .region-select{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:.25rem;float:none;height:auto;width:100%}#small-region-select-dropdown,#small-sidebar-search input{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;height:auto;padding:10px 12px;position:static;width:100%}.small-sidebar-group{opacity:0;padding:12px;position:relative;top:-50px;transition:opacity 1.1s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1) .198s,top .55s cubic-bezier(.32,.08,.24,1)}.small-sidebar-group:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.small-sidebar-group+.small-sidebar-group{margin-top:0}.small-sidebar-group h3{color:#383838;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.small-sidebar-group h3:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.small-sidebar-group ul{list-style:none}.small-sidebar-group li{margin:5px 0 0}.small-sidebar-group a{color:#383838;display:block;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0 0 .8em;padding:.2em 0;position:relative}.small-sidebar-group a.active{border-left:6px solid #d7d7db;margin-left:-12px;padding-left:6px}.small-sidebar-group .icon-chevron-right{font-size:14px;line-height:1;position:absolute;right:2px;top:10px}.sections-sidebar-group a{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#small-sidebar,#small-sidebar-close-button,#small-sidebar-open-button{display:block}}#topbar .topbar-stay-informed a{border-right:1px solid #f1f1f2}#topbar .topbar-dashboard-link a{border-left:0}#topbar .topbar-account-nav h4{padding:0 15px}#topbar .topbar-admin-shortcuts{border-right:1px solid #f1f1f2;float:right}#topbar .topbar-account-nav .menu{left:auto;min-width:125%;right:0}#topbar .menu-button-contents{cursor:pointer}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#topbar{border-bottom:none}#topbar #topbar-dynamic-content.language-override-es .reader-signin{font-size:11px}#topbar .topbar-account-nav{font-family:Noto Sans,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}#topbar .topbar-account-nav li{border-left:none}#topbar .topbar-account-nav li a{color:#383838}#topbar .topbar-account-nav .metrics{display:none}}.content-authors{font-size:12px}.content-authors h3{font-size:11px}.content-authors a{font-weight:700}.content-authors .institution_name{color:#4b4b4e;font-weight:400}.content-authors-synopsis{display:none}.content-authors-synopsis i{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:50%;color:#4b4b4e;height:16px;line-height:16px;margin-right:6px;text-align:center;width:16px}.content-authors-synopsis .icon-caret-up{display:none}.content-authors-group{margin-bottom:36px}.content-authors-group ol{list-style:none;padding-top:6px}.content-authors-group li{clear:left}.content-authors-group li+li{margin-top:24px}.content-authors-group img{border-radius:50%;display:block;float:left;margin:0 12px 18px 0;width:48px}.content-post .team-blog .content-authors-group img{display:block}.content-post .content-authors-group img{display:none}.content-post .content-authors-group .role{margin-left:0}.content-authors-group .role{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;line-height:1.4;margin-left:60px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-authors h3{margin-left:0}.content-authors-synopsis{display:block;margin-bottom:12px}.content-authors-group{display:none}.content-authors-group img{margin-left:0}.open .icon-caret-down{display:none}.open .icon-caret-up{display:inline-block}.open .content-authors-group{display:block}}@media only screen and (min-width:1466px){.content-authors-group .role{line-height:1.4}}.content-body{font-family:Libre Baskerville,serif;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;padding-bottom:12px}.content-body .figcaption a,.content-body a,.content-body figcaption a{white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word;color:#4b4b4e;text-decoration:underline}.content-body .figcaption a:hover,.content-body a:hover,.content-body figcaption a:hover{color:#293299}.content-body .figcaption a:visited,.content-body a:visited,.content-body figcaption a:visited{color:#4b4b4e}.content-body .figcaption a:visited:hover,.content-body a:visited:hover,.content-body figcaption a:visited:hover{color:#293299}.content-body blockquote{border-left:8px solid #d7d7db}.content-body ol,.content-body ul{margin-bottom:18px;padding-left:2em}.content-body table{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;empty-cells:show;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:18px;width:100%}.content-body table thead th{font-weight:700;vertical-align:top}.content-body table tbody td,.content-body table thead th{border:1px solid #d7d7db;padding:.5em 1em}.content-body figure{margin-bottom:18px}.content-body figure table{margin-bottom:0}.content-body figure.align-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:20px;width:237px}.content-body figure.align-left{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:20px;width:237px}.content-body figure.align-center img{width:100%}.content-body figure a,.content-body figure img{display:block;max-width:100%;text-decoration:none}.content-body figure figcaption{color:#4b4b4e;cursor:default;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif}.content-body figure figcaption a{display:inline}.content-topics{margin-bottom:12px}.content-topics ul{margin-left:25px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}.content-body blockquote{margin-left:-10px}.content-body figure.align-left,.content-body figure.align-right{margin-bottom:12px;width:100%}.content-body figure.align-left img,.content-body figure.align-right img{width:100%}}.content-column-header{margin-top:1px;position:relative}.content-column-header .column-header{background-color:#f2f2f3;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e5e6;color:#383838;display:block;height:118px}.content-column-header .column-header:after{clear:both;content:".";display:block;font-size:0;height:0;visibility:hidden}.content-column-header .column-header:hover h3{text-decoration:underline}.content-column-header .content-column-feed{cursor:pointer;display:block;padding-top:5px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:18px;z-index:7}.content-column-header .content-column-feed-itunes{top:54px}.content-column-header img{border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;float:left;margin-top:15px;width:90px}.content-column-header h3{font-size:27px;padding-top:40px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-column-header .column-header{height:auto}.content-column-header .content-column-feed{right:10px}.content-column-header .content-column-feed span{display:none}.content-column-header .content-column-image{position:absolute}.content-column-header .content-column-image img{width:60px}.content-column-header .content-column-title{float:none;margin-left:80px;margin-right:45px;width:auto}.content-column-header h3{font-size:22px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:6px;padding-top:20px}.content-column-header .byline{font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:20px}}.content-column-podcast-header{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;color:#4b4b4e;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;padding:20px 0}.content-column-podcast-header a{color:inherit}.content-column-podcast-header a:hover{color:#212121;text-decoration:underline}.content-column-podcast-header .podcast-link-title{display:block;font-size:28px;line-height:28px;margin-top:18px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.podcast-info .image{display:none}}.content-disclosure-statement{margin-bottom:36px}.content-disclosure-statement h3{font-size:11px}.content-disclosure-statement p{margin-bottom:0}.content-disclosure-statement p+p{margin-top:18px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-disclosure-statement{display:none;line-height:1.4;margin-left:0}.open .content-disclosure-statement{display:block}}.content-header{padding-bottom:36px;padding-top:36px}.content-header-container h1{color:#383838;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:38px;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 12px}.content-header-container time{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:13px}.content-header-container .time-separator{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;padding-left:2px;padding-right:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-header{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:12px}.content-header-container h1{font-size:28px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:0}.content-header-container .time-separator{display:none}.content-header-container .timestamps{padding:12px 0}.content-header-container time{display:block}}.content-lead-image{padding-bottom:36px}.content-lead-image img{display:block;width:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-lead-image{padding-bottom:0}}.content-partners{margin-bottom:36px}.content-partners h3{font-size:11px}.content-partners .disclosure-logo{display:table;text-align:center;width:100%}.content-partners .logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;width:120px}.content-partners .funding-statement,.content-partners .partners-jobs-links{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;margin-bottom:12px;padding-bottom:12px}.content-partners img{margin:0 auto;max-width:120px;width:100%}.conversation-partners{margin-bottom:36px}.conversation-partners h3{font-size:11px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-partners{display:none;line-height:1.4;margin-left:0}.content-partners .disclosure-logo{display:none}.open .content-partners{display:block}.conversation-partners{display:none}.open .conversation-partners{display:block}}.content-social-distribution{font-size:11px;padding-bottom:36px;padding-top:5px}.content-social-distribution div{padding-bottom:10px;position:relative}.content-social-distribution a{color:#4b4b4e}.content-social-distribution a:hover{color:#000}.content-social-distribution i{font-size:12px}.content-social-distribution .fb-messenger,.content-social-distribution .whatsapp{display:none}.content-social-distribution .data-count{border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:2px;color:#4b4b4e;padding:0 3px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.gallery-content .content-social-distribution{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-social-distribution{border-bottom:1px solid #d7d7db;border-top:1px solid #d7d7db;clear:both;display:flex;margin:0 0 12px;padding:6px 0;width:100%}.content-social-distribution div{flex:1;padding:3px 0;text-align:center}.content-social-distribution div+div{border-left:1px solid #d7d7db}.content-social-distribution .fb-messenger,.content-social-distribution .whatsapp{display:block}.content-social-distribution a{display:block;width:100%}.content-social-distribution i{font-size:20px;top:0}.content-social-distribution i.icon-facebook{top:.1em}.content-social-distribution span,.data-count,.print{display:none}}#article .content-sidebar{float:right;position:relative}.content-sidebar{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:60px}.content-sidebar section.column-authors,.content-sidebar section.column-banner{margin-left:0}.content-sidebar .related-topics a{font-weight:700}.content-sidebar .byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:12px}.column-banner{margin-bottom:36px}.column-banner .byline{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:11px;font-style:italic;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:12px}.column-title{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;display:block;height:108px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-top:28px;position:relative}.column-title:after{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f2f3;bottom:-3px;content:"";position:absolute;width:100%}.column-title h3{bottom:1px;font-size:15px;margin:0;padding-bottom:12px;padding-right:80px;position:absolute}.column-title img{bottom:0;position:absolute;right:0}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-sidebar{margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0}.content-sidebar section{margin-left:0}}.content-translations{margin-bottom:36px}.content-translations ul{list-style:none}.content-translations-toggle{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.content-translations{position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.content-translations h3,.content-translations ul{display:none}.content-translations.open{background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);min-width:50%;padding:10px;position:absolute;right:0;top:-10px;z-index:100}.content-translations.open h3,.content-translations.open ul{display:block}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle{top:0}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-up{display:inline-block}.content-translations.open .content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-down{display:none}.content-translations-toggle{display:block;font-size:20px;height:40px;line-height:40px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:-10px;width:60px}.content-translations-toggle img{vertical-align:middle;width:26px}.content-translations-toggle i{border:1px solid #b0b3ba;border-radius:50%;color:#b0b3ba;font-size:15px;height:16px;line-height:16px;text-align:center;width:16px}.content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-down{display:inline-block}.content-translations-toggle .icon-caret-up{display:none}}body.refresh-article #outer{padding:0}body.refresh-article .audio-player{margin-bottom:36px}body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-header,body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-lead-image{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-header,body.refresh-article .has-desktop-magazine .content-lead-image,body.refresh-article .normal .content-header,body.refresh-article .normal .content-lead-image{display:block}}.magazine{display:none;padding-bottom:24px}.has-desktop-magazine .magazine{display:block}.magazine .image{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;-ms-behavior:url(https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/stylesheets/backgroundsize.min-fd1df32bcabf45d9ca0f1696b9e81652.htc);height:600px}.magazine .image .placeholder-container,.magazine .image img{display:none}.magazine .wrapper{height:100%}.magazine-title{bottom:0;position:absolute;width:100%}.magazine-title header{bottom:70px;position:absolute}.magazine-title .content-header-block{border-left:24px solid #fff;display:inline-block;left:-12px;line-height:normal;padding:4px 0 0;position:relative}.magazine-title h1{background-color:#fff;color:#383838;display:inline;left:-1px;line-height:normal;margin:0;padding:4px 0 6px;position:relative}.magazine-title strong{left:-12px;position:relative;z-index:10}.magazine-title time{background-color:#fff;color:#4b4b4e;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;margin:-1px 0 0 -12px;padding:6px 12px}.magazine-title .time-separator{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){.magazine{padding-bottom:0}.has-desktop-magazine .magazine{display:none}.has-mobile-magazine .magazine{display:block}.magazine .image{background-image:none!important;height:auto}.magazine .image img{display:block;width:100%}.magazine .image .placeholder-container{display:block}.magazine-header{height:auto}.magazine-title{position:relative}.magazine-title header{bottom:auto;position:relative}.magazine-title .content-header-block{border-left:none;display:block;left:auto}.magazine-title h1{background:transparent;display:block;padding-bottom:0}.magazine-title h1 strong{left:0}.magazine-title .timestamps{padding:12px 0}.magazine-title time{display:block;margin:0;padding:0}}.content-gallery-item{background:#f2f2f3;clear:both;margin:0 0 40px;padding:10px 10px 0}.content-gallery-item img{display:block;max-height:90%;max-width:100%}.content-gallery-item figcaption{color:#4b4b4e;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;padding:20px 20px 20px 50px;position:relative}.content-gallery-item figcaption .count{color:#4b4b4e;left:5px;position:absolute;text-align:right;width:35px}.content-gallery-item figcaption .source{color:#62626a;font-weight:700;padding-left:.75em}.content-gallery-item:last-child{cursor:n-resize}.content-gallery-cover.loading{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}.gallery-cover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.9);height:150%;left:0;transition:opacity .35s ease-out;z-index:1000}.gallery-content,.gallery-cover{bottom:0;opacity:1;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%}.gallery-content{overflow:scroll;padding-top:38px;transition:opacity .75s ease-in .3s;z-index:1001}.gallery-content .close-gallery{box-shadow:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);position:fixed;right:26px;top:10px}.gallery-content.hidden,.gallery-cover.hidden{opacity:0}.gallery-content-inner{color:#fff;margin:0 auto;width:75%}.gallery-content-inner header h1{color:#fff}.gallery-content-inner header time{color:#62626a}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item{background:transparent;cursor:default}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item img{background:#fff;margin:0;padding:5px}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item:last-child{cursor:default}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item:last-child img{cursor:n-resize}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption{color:#fff}.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption .count,.gallery-content-inner .content-gallery-item figcaption .source{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.6)}#article .post-navigation{clear:both;margin-bottom:20px}#article .post-navigation ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}#article .post-navigation li{display:flex;float:left;width:50%}#article .post-navigation li:first-child .post-navigation-option{margin-right:10px}#article .post-navigation li:first-child .post-navigation-option:before{content:"";left:-20px;padding-left:10px;text-align:left}#article .post-navigation li:last-child .post-navigation-option{margin-left:10px}#article .post-navigation li:last-child .post-navigation-option:before{content:"";padding-right:10px;right:-20px;text-align:right}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d7d7db;position:relative;transform-style:preserve-3d;width:100%}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option:before{background:inherit;border:1px solid #d7d7db;border-radius:50%;font-family:TCFont-Regular;height:40px;line-height:40px;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:30px;z-index:1}#article .post-navigation .post-navigation-option .article{background:inherit;display:block;min-height:65px;padding:20px;position:relative;z-index:2}#article .post-navigation .empty{opacity:0}#article .post-navigation h4{letter-spacing:normal}#article .post-navigation time{color:#4b4b4e;display:block;font-size:11px}#article .content-sidebar.column-sidebar .content-authors{margin-top:60px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#article .content-sidebar.column-sidebar .content-authors{margin-top:12px}} /*# sourceMappingURL=webpacked-critical-d0f67762b617f895.css.map*/ </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-core-58ad5155c495e18d.css" media="screen" preload="false" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-secondary-ddb3eab7974a117d.css" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/webpacked-print-53ada9a8162f5384.css" media="print" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/web-app-logo-192x192-2d05bdd6de6328146de80245d4685946.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/favicon-cdcdc0dd51ffe5238483c3f27fd2eb57.ico"> <script> (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WX8PHK9'); </script> <script> window.GTM = window.GTM || {} window.GTM.CustomDimensions = {"UserType":"Reader","RegionCode":"br","CommissioningRegion":"br"} </script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> window.didomiOnReady = window.didomiOnReady || []; window.DIDOMI = { ENABLED: true, THE_CONVERSATION_SDK_ID: "c:theconver-dUNGGyiP", THE_CONVERSATION_PROMOS_PURPOSE: "theconver-AA8pWL4T", } </script> <script> window.didomiEventListeners = window.didomiEventListeners || []; window.didomiEventListeners.push({ event: 'consent.changed', listener: function () { window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('didomi:consent.changed')) } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.gdprAppliesGlobally=true;(function(){function a(e){if(!window.frames[e]){if(document.body&&document.body.firstChild){var t=document.body;var n=document.createElement("iframe");n.style.display="none";n.name=e;n.title=e;t.insertBefore(n,t.firstChild)} else{setTimeout(function(){a(e)},5)}}}function e(n,r,o,c,s){function e(e,t,n,a){if(typeof n!=="function"){return}if(!window[r]){window[r]=[]}var i=false;if(s){i=s(e,t,n)}if(!i){window[r].push({command:e,parameter:t,callback:n,version:a})}}e.stub=true;function t(a){if(!window[n]||window[n].stub!==true){return}if(!a.data){return} var i=typeof a.data==="string";var e;try{e=i?JSON.parse(a.data):a.data}catch(t){return}if(e[o]){var r=e[o];window[n](r.command,r.parameter,function(e,t){var n={};n[c]={returnValue:e,success:t,callId:r.callId};a.source.postMessage(i?JSON.stringify(n):n,"*")},r.version)}} if(typeof window[n]!=="function"){window[n]=e;if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("message",t,false)}else{window.attachEvent("onmessage",t)}}}e("__tcfapi","__tcfapiBuffer","__tcfapiCall","__tcfapiReturn");a("__tcfapiLocator");(function(e){ var t=document.createElement("script");t.id="spcloader";t.type="text/javascript";t.async=true;t.src="https://sdk.privacy-center.org/"+e+"/loader.js?target="+document.location.hostname;t.charset="utf-8";var n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n)})("a1179046-1792-42d9-812f-3daba6c97289")})();</script> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="The Conversation"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/581997/original/9275d5c0-7dd5-4ddf-b50b-98d537e016f4.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> </head> <body class="region_br info info-team "> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WX8PHK9" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div> <a id="small-sidebar-open-button" href="#"> Menu </a> <a id="small-sidebar-close-button" href="#"> Fechar </a> <div id="small-sidebar"> <nav id="small-sidebar-search" class="small-sidebar-group"> <form action="/search"> <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Análises, pesquisas, acadêmicos..."> <button type="submit" aria-label="Busca"><span class="icon-search"></span></button> </form> </nav> <nav class="small-sidebar-group sections-sidebar-group"> <ul> <li class="home-page "> <a class="" href="/br">Home</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="small-sidebar-group small-sidebar-editions"> <h3>Edição</h3> <fieldset class="region-select"> <select id="small-region-select-dropdown"> <option data-code="AFRICA" value="/africa"> Africa </option> <option data-code="AU" value="/au"> Australia </option> <option data-code="BR" value="/br" selected="selected"> Brasil </option> <option data-code="CA" value="/ca"> Canada </option> <option data-code="CA-FR" value="/ca-fr"> Canada (français) </option> <option data-code="ES" value="/es"> España </option> <option data-code="EUROPE" value="/europe"> Europe </option> <option data-code="FR" value="/fr"> France </option> <option data-code="GLOBAL" value="/global"> Global </option> <option data-code="ID" value="/id"> Indonesia </option> <option data-code="NZ" value="/nz"> New Zealand </option> <option data-code="UK" value="/uk"> United Kingdom </option> <option data-code="US" value="/us"> United States </option> </select> </fieldset> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="page-wrapper"> <section id="topbar"> <div class="wrapper clearfix"> <a class="topbar-mobile-home-link" href="/br"> <img alt="The Conversation" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/logo-en-b159aca2598f351db37072c75294e4c8.svg" /> </a> <nav class="topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list"> <li class="topbar-home-link"> <a aria-label="Home" href="/br"> <i class="icon-home"></i> </a> </li> <li class="topbar-edition-selector-title topbar-label">Edição:</li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="topbar-edition-selector topbar-dropdown topbar-module"> <a class="menu-button-open" href="/br">Edições disponíveis</a> <div class="menu-button-contents"> <span class="menu-button-text"> <span class="current-region">Brasil</span> </span> <i class="icon-caret-down drop-down-caret"></i> </div> <ul class="menu"> <li class="region africa"> <a title="Africa edition" href="/africa">Africa</a> </li> <li class="region au"> <a title="Australia edition" href="/au">Australia</a> </li> <li class="region ca"> <a title="Canada edition" href="/ca">Canada</a> </li> <li class="region ca-fr"> <a title="Canada (français) edition" href="/ca-fr">Canada (français)</a> </li> <li class="region es"> <a title="España edition" href="/es">España</a> </li> <li class="region europe"> <a title="Europe edition" href="/europe">Europe</a> </li> <li class="region fr"> <a title="France edition" href="/fr">France</a> </li> <li class="region global"> <a title="Global edition" href="/global">Global</a> </li> <li class="region id"> <a title="Indonesia edition" href="/id">Indonesia</a> </li> <li class="region nz"> <a title="New Zealand edition" href="/nz">New Zealand</a> </li> <li class="region uk"> <a title="United Kingdom edition" href="/uk">United Kingdom</a> </li> <li class="region us"> <a title="United States edition" href="/us">United States</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="topbar-promotional-links topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list"> <li> <a title="Inscreva-se para receber a nossa newsletter" href="/br/newsletters/destaques-semanais-157?utm_campaign=System&utm_content=newsletter&utm_medium=TopBar&utm_source=theconversation.com"> Assine nossa newsletter </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="topbar-dynamic-content" class="language-override-pt"> <nav class="topbar-account-nav topbar-dropdown topbar-module"> <ul class="topbar-item-list auth"> <li class="author-signup"> <a href="/become-an-author">Torne-se um autor</a> </li> <li class="reader-signup"> <a href="/sign_up?return_to=%2Fbr%2Fteam">Cadastre-se como leitor</a> </li> <li class="reader-signin"> <a href="/sign_in?return_to=%2Fbr%2Fteam">Entrar</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="slot" data-id="14"></div> <section id="header"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <header id="masthead" class="clearfix"> <a class="masthead-home-link" href="/br"> <img alt="The Conversation" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/@theconversation/ui/dist/esm/logos/logo-en-b159aca2598f351db37072c75294e4c8.svg" /> </a> <form class="masthead-search" action="/br/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Busca</legend> <div class="row"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <label for="q"><i class="icon-search"></i></label> <input type="text" name="q" id="q" value="" placeholder="Análises, pesquisas, acadêmicos..." /> </div> <button type="submit" class="button" value="Busca"></button> </div> </fieldset> </form> <div class="masthead-tagline"> Rigor acadêmico, estilo jornalístico </div> </header> <nav id="primary-navigation" class=" nocontent"> <ol> </ol> </nav> </div> </section> <div id="outer"> <div class="wrapper"> <aside class="grid-four"> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Comunidade</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/br/community-standards">Normas comunitárias</a></li> <li><a href="/br/republishing-guidelines">Diretrizes para republicação por outros veículos</a></li> <li><a href="/br/feeds">Nossos feeds</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Companhia</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/br/who-we-are">Quem somos</a></li> <li><a href="/br/charter">Carta Editorial</a></li> <li><a href="/br/team">Nossa Equipe</a></li> <li><a href="/br/partners">Apoiadores</a></li> <li><a href="/br/resources-for-media">Recursos para mídias</a></li> <li><a href="/br/10-ways-we-are-different">10 maneiras pelas quais somos diferentes</a></li> <li><a href="/br/contact-us">Fale conosco</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="sidebar-link-list"> <h2>Site</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/br/privacy-policy">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li><a href="/br/terms-and-conditions">Termos e condições</a></li> <li><a href="/br/corrections">Correções</a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <section class="grid-twelve grid-last"> <h1 class="legacy page-header">Nossa equipe e diretoria</h1> <nav class="pill"> <ul> <li><a href="#redacao">Redação</a></li> <li><a href="#conselho-editorial">Conselho Editorial</a></li> <li><a href="#conselho-administrativo">Conselho Administrativo</a></li> <li><a href="#conselho-fiscal">Conselho Fiscal</a></li> </ul> </nav> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Redação <a name="redacao"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Voltar ao topo</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="daniel-stycer"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Daniel Stycer" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1456010/width170/image-20240411-22-letbp5.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Daniel Stycer</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:daniel.stycer@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Editor-chefe e diretor executivo do The Conversation Brasil. Foi editor-executivo do site do jornal O Globo e chefe da Sucursal Rio da Revista IstoÉ. É pós-graduado em Estudos Internacionais pela Universidade de Birmingham, Reino Unido, e tem MBA em Marketing pelo IAG-PUC Rio. Recebeu o Prêmio Esso de jornalismo na categoria informação científica em 1998. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="paulo-mussoi"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Paulo Mussoi" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1456011/width170/image-20230817-25-s78fs7.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Paulo Mussoi</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:paulo.mussoi@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Editor-executivo</p> </header> <p>Jornalista com especialização em redes sociais e narrativa audiovisual, Paulo Mussoi formou-se pela Escola de Comunicação da UFRJ e trabalhou como repórter, editor e roteirista em várias redações, agências e produtoras brasileiras. Foi coordenador de projetos e editor de mídias sociais em O Globo, editor na Época Rio e repórter na Veja Rio e no Jornal do Brasil. No audiovisual, foi coordenador de roteiros na Conspiração Filmes e na Selu Content, e diretor de criação na agência Take4Content.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="cesar-baima"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Cesar Baima" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1456013/width170/image-20230807-32500-jdy3rg.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Cesar Baima</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:cesar.baima@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Jornalista há mais de 20 anos, entusiasta da ciência, foi repórter do jornal O Globo, onde a partir de 2009 escreveu sobre este e outros temas ligados às editorias de saúde, meio ambiente, história, sociedade e internacional. Antes disso, passou por algumas das principais redações do país, como Jornal do Brasil, Veja e G1, e foi correspondente do serviço internacional Mergermarket, cobrindo economia, negócios, política e tecnologia. É também editor-assistente do Instituto Questão de Ciência.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="iasmim-amiden"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Iasmim Amiden" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1456012/width170/image-20230728-21-1c4ax5.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Iasmim Amiden</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:iasmim.amiden@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Iasmim Amiden é jornalista científica e ambiental. Mestre em Comunicação Científica e Engajamento Público pela University of Edinburgh (Reino Unido) e Doutoranda em Informação e Mídia na Michigan State University (EUA). Coordenou projetos de divulgação científica e conservação ambiental no Pantanal e tem experiência com comunicação no terceiro setor.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="eliabe-figueiredo"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Eliabe Figueiredo" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1462424/width170/image-20230823-17-zdys2n.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Eliabe Figueiredo</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:eliabe.figueiredo@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Eliabe Figueiredo é uma jornalista recém-formada pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Tem experiências em reportagens textuais para veículos online, como o Fala! Universidades, e em áudio para a Rádio UFRJ e a Webrádio Audioativo. Além disso, já atuou na área de assessoria de imprensa e PR de uma consultoria de tecnologia gaúcha. Atualmente, colabora como Social Media no The Conversation Brasil.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="luciana-juliao"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Luciana Julião" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1456014/width170/image-20230823-19-zmu6u0.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Luciana Julião</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:luciana.juliao@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Jornalista e produtora audiovisual. Graduada em Jornalismo pela PUC-Minas e em Direito pela UFMG. Mestre em Mídia e Movimentos Sociais pela University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) e em Documentário Criativo pela Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB). Especialista em Comunicação Pública da Ciência pela UFMG. Trabalhou em diversos veículos de imprensa e hoje é diretora da videoprodutora Tao - Ideias em Movimento e servidora do Centro de Comunicação da UFMG.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="monica-tarantino"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Monica Tarantino" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1489964/width170/image-20231121-4161-z6h0vc.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Monica Tarantino</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:monica.tarantino@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Editor</p> </header> <p>Mônica Tarantino é repórter especializada em saúde e ciência. Foi editora do site Saúde!Brasileiros, da revista Brasileiros e da revista IstoÉ. Recebeu o prêmio APCA na categoria literatura/biografia, pelo projeto e edição da obra “PretoBras, O livro de Canções e Histórias de Itamar Assumpção” (Ediouro) e o Prêmio Jornalista Tropical, título do qual gosta bastante, da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="marcelo-moreira"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Marcelo Moreira" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1505524/width170/image-20240123-29-c0cklt.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Marcelo Moreira</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:marcelo.moreira@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Editor</p> </header> <p>Jornalista com mais de 30 anos de atuação. Trabalhou como repórter nos jornais o Dia e Jornal do Brasil. Foi diretor de jornalismo da TV Globo em Minas Gerais. Fellow da Universidade de Michigan/EUA, onde estudou liberdade de expressão e racismo. É um dos fundadores da Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (Abraji), entidade que presidiu em 2012/2013. É sócio-diretor da DiversaCom, agência que promove a aceleração da diversidade social em empresas e associações.</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Conselho Editorial <a name="conselho-editorial"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Voltar ao topo</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="marcelo-takeshi-yamashita"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1494254/width170/image-20231206-23-czbn14.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Professor do Instituto de Física Teórica, assessor-chefe da Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa</p> </header> <p>Doutor em física pela USP, Marcelo Takeshi Yamashita é professor do Instituto de Física Teórica da Unesp. Atualmente é Assessor-chefe da Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Unesp, Diretor Editorial do Jornal da Unesp, Diretor científico do Instituto Questão de Ciência, membro do Conselho Editorial da Revista Questão de Ciência, membro do Conselho Curador da Fundação Editora da Unesp e membro do Comitê Consultivo do Projeto SciELO Livros.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="ruth-de-aquino"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Ruth de Aquino" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1495215/width170/image-20231210-23-3es788.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Ruth de Aquino</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Jornalista e colunista</p> </header> <p>Jornalista, colunista do Jornal O Globo. Foi editora e diretora em empresas como o JB, O Dia, a Editora Abril, a Editora Globo. Foi correspondente em Londres e Paris. Fez mestrado em mídia na LSE, com a tese “Ética versus necessidade de vender”</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="eugenio-trivinho"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Eugênio Trivinho" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464886/width170/image-20230823-17-imszvo.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Eugênio Trivinho</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Semiótica da PUC-SP</p> </header> <p>Doutor em Ciências da Comunicação pela Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP, é Pesquisador do CNPq (Bolsa de Produtividade) e Assessor ad hoc desta agência e da CAPES. Em 2006, articulou a fundação da ABCiber - Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Cibercultura. De 2016 a 2020, foi Assessor de Assuntos Internacionais da PUC-SP. Autor de vários livros e ensaios de crítica da comunicação, da cultura pós-moderna e da cibercultura.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="marcelo-moreira"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Marcelo Moreira" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1505524/width170/image-20240123-29-c0cklt.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Marcelo Moreira</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> <li> <a class="email" href="mailto:marcelo.moreira@theconversation.com"> <i class="icon-email"></i> </a> </li> </ul> <p class="role">Editor</p> </header> <p>Jornalista com mais de 30 anos de atuação. Trabalhou como repórter nos jornais o Dia e Jornal do Brasil. Foi diretor de jornalismo da TV Globo em Minas Gerais. Fellow da Universidade de Michigan/EUA, onde estudou liberdade de expressão e racismo. É um dos fundadores da Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (Abraji), entidade que presidiu em 2012/2013. É sócio-diretor da DiversaCom, agência que promove a aceleração da diversidade social em empresas e associações.</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Conselho Administrativo <a name="conselho-administrativo"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Voltar ao topo</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="mara-bun"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Mara Bun" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/985/width170/image-20230823-15-zier36.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Mara Bun</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Ex-executiva do Morgan Stanley, Macquarie Bank, The Allen Consulting Group e Greenpeace, Mara Bún preside os conselhos da Australian Conservation Foundation e da Gold Coast Waterways Authority. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="fabio-guedes-gomes"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Fábio Guedes Gomes" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464889/width170/image-20230823-23-novuun.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Fábio Guedes Gomes</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Prof. de Economia da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (Feac/Ufal), diretor presidente</p> </header> <p>Prof. de Economia da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (Feac/Ufal). Diretor Presidente da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas (Fapeal). Secretário Executivo da Iniciativa Para a Ciência e Tecnologia no Parlamento Brasileiro (ICTP.Br). </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="jorge-felix"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Jorge Felix" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1153258/width170/image-20230826-17-usmb49.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Jorge Felix</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Presidente do Conselho Administrativo do The Conversation Brasil e Professor de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia</p> </header> <p>Doutor em Ciências Sociais e mestre em Economia Política (PUC-SP). Foi professor no bacharelado em Gerontologia na USP (Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades) e leciona na pós-graduação. É pioneiro na pesquisa sobre economia da longevividdade no Brasil e autor de dois livros e vários artigos. Jornalista de formação, com passagem por diversos veículos. Hoje trabalha na TV Globo como comentarista de temas relacionados à longevidade e políticas públicas nos programas de info-entretenimento.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="mariluce-moura"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Mariluce Moura" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464887/width170/image-20230823-23-3sax2u.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Mariluce Moura</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Idealizadora da revista Pesquisa Fapesp, Moura lidera o Instituto Ciência na Rua, projeto de jornalismo científico voltado para jovens de 14 a 25 anos. Dedica-se inteiramente ao jornalismo científico desde 1988. </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="joao-tude"> <div class="image"> <img alt="João Tude" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464899/width170/image-20230823-32976-df2rt1.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">João Tude</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Professor e Diretor</p> </header> <p>João Tude é professor e diretor da Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="paulo-artaxo"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Paulo Artaxo" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464971/width170/Paulo_Artaxo.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Paulo Artaxo</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Centro de Estudos Amazônia Sustentável</p> </header> <p>Paulo Artaxo é professor do Instituto de Física da USP, membro do IPCC – Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas da ONU. Desenvolveu sua carreira trabalhando com meio ambiente amazônico e mudanças climáticas globais. É membro da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) e da World Academy of Sciences (TWAS). É vice-presidente da SBPC. Foi incluído na lista da Clarivate Analytics como pertencente aos top 1% dos pesquisadores mais citados no mundo em 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 e 2020.</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="sandra-sinicco"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Sandra Sinicco" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1465499/width170/image-20230825-16121-lhyfct.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Sandra Sinicco</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Sandra Sinicco, CEO do GrupoCASA BR e UK, empresa de comunicação estratégica com foco em in- dústrias inovadoras e CEO da LatamScaleup, consultoria britânica para apoiar o soft landing de star- tups e pré-scaleups em sua expansão global. Fundadora da Ecopresss, primeira agência de notícias ambientais a produzir conteúdo acessível baseado em pesquisas científicas ambientais e difundi-lo para jornalistas no Brasil. </p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="natalia-pasternak"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Natalia Pasternak" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464676/width170/file-20230822-23-e18sq6.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Natalia Pasternak</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Microbiologista, Presidente do Instituto Questão de Ciência (IQC) e Professora pesquisadora</p> </header> <p>Professora pesquisadora da Universidade Columbia (EUA), premiada autora de livros de ciência e respeitada fonte de informações sobre saúde e ciência para jornalistas de todo o mundo. Durante a pandemia COVID-19, suas colunas em O Globo, contribuições para jornais, livros de divulgação científica, quadros na rádio CBN e aparições na TV trouxeram informações cruciais que ajudaram a salvar milhões de vidas. É microbiologista com doutorado em Genética Bacteriana pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP).</p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="manoel-barral-netto"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Manoel Barral-Netto" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1495711/width170/image-20231212-15-fyt02f.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Manoel Barral-Netto</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Presidente da ACB</p> </header> <p>Dr. Barral-Netto é Pesquisador Titular da FIOCRUZ-Bahia e Professor aposentado de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da UFBA. Os seus interesses de pesquisa tratam da imunopatologia de doenças infeccto-parasitárias, focando na imunorregulação e compreendendo a complexa inter-relação de aspectos imunológicos, metabólicos e clínicos em doenças parasitárias humanas. O seu trabalho em systems immunology contribuiu para o avanço do conhecimento nas leishmanioses e na malária. Ele também pesquisa n...</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="joana-angelica-guimaraes-da-luz"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Joana Angélica Guimarães da Luz" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1518646/width170/image-20240513-18-1cbfcq.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Joana Angélica Guimarães da Luz</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Geóloga, reitora</p> </header> <p>Geóloga, mestra em Geoquímica e Meio Ambiente pela Universidade Federal da Bahia e PhD em Engenharia Ambiental e Florestal pela Universidade de Cornell, EUA. Foi Diretora do Instituto de Ciências Ambientais e Desenvolvimento Ambiental, Campus da UFBA em Barreiras. Foi reitora da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia-UFSB entre 2018 e 2022 e está no segundo mandato (2022-2026). Foi Vice-Presidente da Associação Nacional de Dirigentes de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior gestão 2020-2021....</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> <section> <header> <h1 class="legacy page-header"> Conselho Fiscal <a name="conselho-fiscal"> </a> <a href="#" class="back-to-top">Voltar ao topo</a> </h1> </header> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="eduardo-luque"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Eduardo Luque" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1408619/width170/image-20230823-27-j7w8bk.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Eduardo Luque</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role">Presidente do Conselho Fiscal do The Conversation Brasil</p> </header> <p>Presidente do Conselho Fiscal da Fundação da Ambev, coordenador da Qualicorp SA e da Natura e membro do Conselho Fiscal da Itaúsa.</p> </div> </article> <article class="grid-six vcard grid-last clearfix" id="marta-pelucio"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Marta Pelucio" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1464884/width170/image-20230823-17-kxiftb.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Marta Pelucio</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Doutora em Administração de Empresas pelo Mackenzie, com doutorado na Universidade de Salamanca e mestrado em Controladoria e Contabilidade pela FEA-USP, Marta é presidente da Associação Nacional dos Executivos (ANEFAC), e membro da Academia Paulista de Contabilidade (APC). </p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="row"> <article class="grid-six vcard clearfix" id="jacqueline-ribeiro"> <div class="image"> <img alt="Jacqueline Ribeiro" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1467924/width170/image-20230903-25-z6vsmm.jpg" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="> </div> <div class="content"> <header> <h3 class="fn">Jacqueline Ribeiro</h3> <ul class="contact-options"> </ul> <p class="role"></p> </header> <p>Executiva com graduação em Ciências Contábeis, MBA em Finanças e Controladoria, além de especialização em Gestão Estratégica de Impostos e formação em Governança pelo IBGC. Com passagens em empresas do segmento de Alimentos, Logística, Energia, Porto, está atualmente em uma empresa de educação como CFO BRASIL, tendo como objetivo adicional a implementação da Governança Corporativa. É Membro do Conselho Fiscal no Hospital e Instituto Social Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, no The Conversation Brasil...</p> </div> </article> </div> </section> </section> </div> </div> <div id="footers"> <section class="footer-primary"> <div class="wrapper nocontent"> <section class="community footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-four"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static_files/files/2985/Diretrizes_Editoriais_Globais.pdf">Diretrizes Editoriais Globais</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/community-standards">Normas da comunidade</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/republishing-guidelines">Guia de republicação</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/feeds">Feeds</a> </li> <li> <a title="Sign up to receive our weekly email newsletter" href="/br/newsletters/destaques-semanais-157?utm_campaign=System&utm_content=newsletter&utm_medium=TopBar&utm_source=theconversation.com">Assine nossa newsletter</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="company footer-link-list grid-five large-grid-seven"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="/br/who-we-are">Quem somos</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/charter">Carta editorial</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/team">Nossa equipe</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/partners">Parceiros</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/resources-for-media">Recursos para outros veículos</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/contact-us">Entre em contato</a> </li> <li> <a href="/br/pitches">Sugira um artigo</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> <section class="grid-six large-grid-five grid-last"> <div class="sitewide-social-media"> <ul> <li class="facebook"> <a title="The Conversation no Facebook" rel="me" href="https://facebook.com/ConversationBR"></a> </li> <li class="instagram"> <a title="The Conversation no Instagram" rel="me" href="https://www.instagram.com/theconversationbr"></a> </li> <li class="twitter"> <a title="The Conversation no Twitter" rel="me" href="https://twitter.com/ConversationBR"></a> </li> <li class="linkedin"> <a title="The Conversation no LinkedIn" rel="me" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-conversation-brasil"></a> </li> <li class="whatsapp"> <a title="The Conversation no WhatsApp" rel="me" href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDKKLHKgsNwdhxwW10l/100"></a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </section> <footer id="footer"> <div class="wrapper flex flex-col mx-auto pt-4 text-2xs md:flex-row 2xl:text-xs"> <nav class="flex flex-col gap-4 text-center md:flex-row"> <a class="mb-2" href="/br/privacy-policy">Política de privacidade</a> <a class="mb-2" href="/br/terms-and-conditions">Termos e condições</a> <a class="mb-2" href="/br/corrections">Correções</a> <a class="mb-2" href="javascript:Didomi.preferences.show()">Preferências de consentimento</a> </nav> <p class="copyright mx-auto mt-4 md:mt-0 lg:mr-0 lg:ml-auto"> Copyright © 2010–2024, <a href="https://theconversation.com/br/who-we-are">The Conversation Media Group Ltd</a> </p> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="slot" data-id="13"></div> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/application-1c0d85be7f86e7cdc33c.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/gtm_data_layer-2f5b94c0bf06c1289d2a.js"></script> <script> //<![CDATA[ TC.locale = "pt-BR"; TC.env = "production"; TC.pageType = "info#team"; TC.localePath = "https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/pt-BR-0efed718a18bb10b32bd403688b874fe.json"; TC.bugsnagConfig = {"apiKey":"e6966b978008ed1612ea7793efb88e93","appVersion":"39bb155e1fcf00099c87c61b2593cfc93847fdf7","collectUserIp":false,"releaseStage":"production","notifyReleaseStages":["development","staging","production"]}; TC.init = function() { TC.page = new TC.BasePage(); } //]]> </script> <script> //<![CDATA[ "use strict";(self.webpackChunktc=self.webpackChunktc||[]).push([[952],{51250:function(e,t,s){s(52146).A.init(TC.localePath,TC.locale,!1,TC.init)},52146:function(e,t,s){s.d(t,{A:function(){return R}});var i=s(23029),n=s(92901),o=[],r=o.forEach,a=o.slice;function l(e,t,s,i){var n=e.read.bind(e);if(2!==n.length)n(t,s,i);else try{var o=n(t,s);o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((function(e){return i(null,e)})).catch(i):i(null,o)}catch(e){i(e)}}var c=function(){function e(t){var s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};(0,i.A)(this,e),this.backends=[],this.type="backend",this.allOptions=n,this.init(t,s)}return(0,n.A)(e,[{key:"init",value:function(e){var t=this,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};this.services=e,this.options=function(e){return r.call(a.call(arguments,1),(function(t){if(t)for(var s in t)void 0===e[s]&&(e[s]=t[s])})),e}(s,this.options||{},{handleEmptyResourcesAsFailed:!0,cacheHitMode:"none"}),this.allOptions=i,this.options.backends&&this.options.backends.forEach((function(s,n){var o;t.backends[n]=t.backends[n]||((o=s)?"function"==typeof o?new o:o:null),t.backends[n].init(e,t.options.backendOptions&&t.options.backendOptions[n]||{},i)})),this.services&&this.options.reloadInterval&&setInterval((function(){return t.reload()}),this.options.reloadInterval)}},{key:"read",value:function(e,t,s){var i=this,n=this.backends.length,o=function s(n,o){if(!(n<0)){var r=i.backends[n];r.save?(r.save(e,t,o),s(n-1,o)):s(n-1,o)}};!function r(a){if(a>=n)return s(new Error("non of the backend loaded data",!0));var c=a===n-1,u=i.options.handleEmptyResourcesAsFailed&&!c?0:-1,h=i.backends[a];h.read?l(h,e,t,(function(n,c,p){if(!n&&c&&Object.keys(c).length>u){if(s(null,c,a),o(a-1,c),h.save&&i.options.cacheHitMode&&["refresh","refreshAndUpdateStore"].indexOf(i.options.cacheHitMode)>-1){if(p&&i.options.refreshExpirationTime&&p+i.options.refreshExpirationTime>Date.now())return;var g=i.backends[a+1];g&&g.read&&l(g,e,t,(function(s,n){s||n&&(Object.keys(n).length<=u||(o(a,n),"refreshAndUpdateStore"===i.options.cacheHitMode&&i.services&&i.services.resourceStore&&i.services.resourceStore.addResourceBundle(e,t,n)))}))}}else r(a+1)})):r(a+1)}(0)}},{key:"create",value:function(e,t,s,i){var n=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:function(){},o=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{};this.backends.forEach((function(r){if(r.create){var a=r.create.bind(r);if(a.length<6)try{var l;(l=5===a.length?a(e,t,s,i,o):a(e,t,s,i))&&"function"==typeof l.then?l.then((function(e){return n(null,e)})).catch(n):n(null,l)}catch(e){n(e)}else a(e,t,s,i,n,o)}}))}},{key:"reload",value:function(){var e=this,t=this.services,s=t.backendConnector,i=t.languageUtils,n=t.logger,o=s.language;if(!o||"cimode"!==o.toLowerCase()){var r=[],a=function(e){i.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((function(e){r.indexOf(e)<0&&r.push(e)}))};a(o),this.allOptions.preload&&this.allOptions.preload.forEach((function(e){return a(e)})),r.forEach((function(t){e.allOptions.ns.forEach((function(e){s.read(t,e,"read",null,null,(function(i,o){i&&n.warn("loading namespace ".concat(e," for language ").concat(t," failed"),i),!i&&o&&n.log("loaded namespace ".concat(e," for language ").concat(t),o),s.loaded("".concat(t,"|").concat(e),i,o)}))}))}))}}}]),e}();c.type="backend";var u=s(72635),h=s(64467);function p(e,t){var s=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var i=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(i=i.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),s.push.apply(s,i)}return s}function g(e){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var s=null!=arguments[t]?arguments[t]:{};t%2?p(Object(s),!0).forEach((function(t){(0,h.A)(e,t,s[t])})):Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors?Object.defineProperties(e,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(s)):p(Object(s)).forEach((function(t){Object.defineProperty(e,t,Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(s,t))}))}return e}var d=function(){function e(t){(0,i.A)(this,e),this.store=t.store}return(0,n.A)(e,[{key:"setItem",value:function(e,t){if(this.store)try{this.store.setItem(e,t)}catch(e){}}},{key:"getItem",value:function(e,t){if(this.store)try{return this.store.getItem(e,t)}catch(e){}}}]),e}();var f=function(){function e(t){var s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};(0,i.A)(this,e),this.init(t,s),this.type="backend"}return(0,n.A)(e,[{key:"init",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.services=e,this.options=g(g(g({},function(){var e=null;try{e=window.localStorage}catch(e){"undefined"!=typeof window&&console.log("Failed to load local storage.",e)}return{prefix:"i18next_res_",expirationTime:6048e5,defaultVersion:void 0,versions:{},store:e}}()),this.options),t),this.storage=new d(this.options)}},{key:"read",value:function(e,t,s){var i=Date.now();if(!this.storage.store)return s(null,null);var n=this.storage.getItem("".concat(this.options.prefix).concat(e,"-").concat(t));if(n){n=JSON.parse(n);var o=this.getVersion(e);if(n.i18nStamp&&n.i18nStamp+this.options.expirationTime>i&&o===n.i18nVersion){var r=n.i18nStamp;return delete n.i18nVersion,delete n.i18nStamp,s(null,n,r)}}return s(null,null)}},{key:"save",value:function(e,t,s){if(this.storage.store){s.i18nStamp=Date.now();var i=this.getVersion(e);i&&(s.i18nVersion=i),this.storage.setItem("".concat(this.options.prefix).concat(e,"-").concat(t),JSON.stringify(s))}}},{key:"getVersion",value:function(e){return this.options.versions[e]||this.options.defaultVersion}}]),e}();f.type="backend";var m=s(62046),y=s(80030),v=s(82284),b=[],x=b.forEach,k=b.slice;function S(e,t){if(t&&"object"===(0,v.A)(t)){var s="",i=encodeURIComponent;for(var n in t)s+="&"+i(n)+"="+i(t[n]);if(!s)return e;e=e+(-1!==e.indexOf("?")?"&":"?")+s.slice(1)}return e}function O(e,t,s,i,n){i&&"object"===(0,v.A)(i)&&(n||(i._t=new Date),i=S("",i).slice(1)),t.queryStringParams&&(e=S(e,t.queryStringParams));try{var o;(o=XMLHttpRequest?new XMLHttpRequest:new ActiveXObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0")).open(i?"POST":"GET",e,1),t.crossDomain||o.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With","XMLHttpRequest"),o.withCredentials=!!t.withCredentials,i&&o.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),o.overrideMimeType&&o.overrideMimeType("application/json");var r=t.customHeaders;if(r="function"==typeof r?r():r)for(var a in r)o.setRequestHeader(a,r[a]);o.onreadystatechange=function(){o.readyState>3&&s&&s(o.responseText,o)},o.send(i)}catch(e){console&&console.log(e)}}var w=function(){function e(t){var s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};(0,i.A)(this,e),this.init(t,s),this.type="backend"}return(0,n.A)(e,[{key:"init",value:function(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.services=e,this.options=function(e){return x.call(k.call(arguments,1),(function(t){if(t)for(var s in t)void 0===e[s]&&(e[s]=t[s])})),e}(t,this.options||{},{loadPath:"/locales/{{lng}}/{{ns}}.json",addPath:"/locales/add/{{lng}}/{{ns}}",allowMultiLoading:!1,parse:JSON.parse,parsePayload:function(e,t,s){return(0,h.A)({},t,s||"")},crossDomain:!1,ajax:O})}},{key:"readMulti",value:function(e,t,s){var i=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(i=this.options.loadPath(e,t));var n=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(i,{lng:e.join("+"),ns:t.join("+")});this.loadUrl(n,s)}},{key:"read",value:function(e,t,s){var i=this.options.loadPath;"function"==typeof this.options.loadPath&&(i=this.options.loadPath([e],[t]));var n=this.services.interpolator.interpolate(i,{lng:e,ns:t});this.loadUrl(n,s)}},{key:"loadUrl",value:function(e,t){var s=this;this.options.ajax(e,this.options,(function(i,n){if(n.status>=500&&n.status<600)return t("failed loading "+e,!0);if(n.status>=400&&n.status<500)return t("failed loading "+e,!1);var o,r;try{o=s.options.parse(i,e)}catch(t){r="failed parsing "+e+" to json"}if(r)return t(r,!1);t(null,o)}))}},{key:"create",value:function(e,t,s,i){var n=this;"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]);var o=this.options.parsePayload(t,s,i);e.forEach((function(e){var s=n.services.interpolator.interpolate(n.options.addPath,{lng:e,ns:t});n.options.ajax(s,n.options,(function(e,t){}),o)}))}}]),e}();w.type="backend";var L=w;function P(e,t){for(var s=0;s<t.length;s++){var i=t[s];i.enumerable=i.enumerable||!1,i.configurable=!0,"value"in i&&(i.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,i.key,i)}}var R=function(){function e(){!function(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}(this,e)}var t,s,i;return t=e,i=[{key:"init",value:function(e,t,s,i){var n,o,r,a=[];(0,m.A)()&&a.push(f),a.push(L),u.Ay.use(c).init({backend:{backends:a,backendOptions:[{versions:(n={},o=t,r=e,o in n?Object.defineProperty(n,o,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):n[o]=r,n)},{crossDomain:s,loadPath:e}]},lng:t},(function(e){e&&e.length&&(0,y.A)("/no_js_locale?message=".concat(e[0]));try{i()}catch(e){throw(0,y.A)("/js_init_failure?message=".concat(e)),e}}))}},{key:"t",value:function(){return u.Ay.t.apply(u.Ay,arguments)||(arguments.length<=0?void 0:arguments[0])}}],(s=null)&&P(t.prototype,s),i&&P(t,i),e}()},62046:function(e,t,s){function i(){var e="local-storage-availability-test";try{return window.localStorage.setItem(e,e),window.localStorage.getItem(e),window.localStorage.removeItem(e),!0}catch(e){return!1}}s.d(t,{A:function(){return i}})},80030:function(e,t){t.A=function(e){var t=!1;window.XMLHttpRequest?t=new XMLHttpRequest:window.ActiveXObject&&(t=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")),!1!==t&&(t.open("GET",e,!0),t.send())}},23029:function(e,t,s){function i(e,t){if(!(e instanceof t))throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function")}s.d(t,{A:function(){return i}})},92901:function(e,t,s){s.d(t,{A:function(){return o}});var i=s(20816);function n(e,t){for(var s=0;s<t.length;s++){var n=t[s];n.enumerable=n.enumerable||!1,n.configurable=!0,"value"in n&&(n.writable=!0),Object.defineProperty(e,(0,i.A)(n.key),n)}}function o(e,t,s){return t&&n(e.prototype,t),s&&n(e,s),Object.defineProperty(e,"prototype",{writable:!1}),e}},64467:function(e,t,s){s.d(t,{A:function(){return n}});var i=s(20816);function n(e,t,s){return(t=(0,i.A)(t))in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:s,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=s,e}},20816:function(e,t,s){s.d(t,{A:function(){return n}});var i=s(82284);function n(e){var t=function(e,t){if("object"!=(0,i.A)(e)||!e)return e;var s=e[Symbol.toPrimitive];if(void 0!==s){var n=s.call(e,t||"default");if("object"!=(0,i.A)(n))return n;throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value.")}return("string"===t?String:Number)(e)}(e,"string");return"symbol"==(0,i.A)(t)?t:t+""}},82284:function(e,t,s){function i(e){return i="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(e){return typeof e}:function(e){return e&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&e.constructor===Symbol&&e!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof e},i(e)}s.d(t,{A:function(){return i}})},72635:function(e,t,s){s.d(t,{Ay:function(){return q}});const i={type:"logger",log(e){this.output("log",e)},warn(e){this.output("warn",e)},error(e){this.output("error",e)},output(e,t){console&&console[e]&&console[e].apply(console,t)}};class n{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.init(e,t)}init(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.prefix=t.prefix||"i18next:",this.logger=e||i,this.options=t,this.debug=t.debug}log(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.forward(t,"log","",!0)}warn(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.forward(t,"warn","",!0)}error(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.forward(t,"error","")}deprecate(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),s=0;s<e;s++)t[s]=arguments[s];return this.forward(t,"warn","WARNING DEPRECATED: ",!0)}forward(e,t,s,i){return i&&!this.debug?null:("string"==typeof e[0]&&(e[0]=`${s}${this.prefix} ${e[0]}`),this.logger[t](e))}create(e){return new n(this.logger,{prefix:`${this.prefix}:${e}:`,...this.options})}clone(e){return(e=e||this.options).prefix=e.prefix||this.prefix,new n(this.logger,e)}}var o=new n;class r{constructor(){this.observers={}}on(e,t){return e.split(" ").forEach((e=>{this.observers[e]||(this.observers[e]=new Map);const s=this.observers[e].get(t)||0;this.observers[e].set(t,s+1)})),this}off(e,t){this.observers[e]&&(t?this.observers[e].delete(t):delete this.observers[e])}emit(e){for(var t=arguments.length,s=new Array(t>1?t-1:0),i=1;i<t;i++)s[i-1]=arguments[i];if(this.observers[e]){Array.from(this.observers[e].entries()).forEach((e=>{let[t,i]=e;for(let e=0;e<i;e++)t(...s)}))}if(this.observers["*"]){Array.from(this.observers["*"].entries()).forEach((t=>{let[i,n]=t;for(let t=0;t<n;t++)i.apply(i,[e,...s])}))}}}const a=()=>{let e,t;const s=new Promise(((s,i)=>{e=s,t=i}));return s.resolve=e,s.reject=t,s},l=e=>null==e?"":""+e,c=/###/g,u=e=>e&&e.indexOf("###")>-1?e.replace(c,"."):e,h=e=>!e||"string"==typeof e,p=(e,t,s)=>{const i="string"!=typeof t?t:t.split(".");let n=0;for(;n<i.length-1;){if(h(e))return{};const t=u(i[n]);!e[t]&&s&&(e[t]=new s),e=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)?e[t]:{},++n}return h(e)?{}:{obj:e,k:u(i[n])}},g=(e,t,s)=>{const{obj:i,k:n}=p(e,t,Object);if(void 0!==i||1===t.length)return void(i[n]=s);let o=t[t.length-1],r=t.slice(0,t.length-1),a=p(e,r,Object);for(;void 0===a.obj&&r.length;)o=`${r[r.length-1]}.${o}`,r=r.slice(0,r.length-1),a=p(e,r,Object),a&&a.obj&&void 0!==a.obj[`${a.k}.${o}`]&&(a.obj=void 0);a.obj[`${a.k}.${o}`]=s},d=(e,t)=>{const{obj:s,k:i}=p(e,t);if(s)return s[i]},f=(e,t,s)=>{for(const i in t)"__proto__"!==i&&"constructor"!==i&&(i in e?"string"==typeof e[i]||e[i]instanceof String||"string"==typeof t[i]||t[i]instanceof String?s&&(e[i]=t[i]):f(e[i],t[i],s):e[i]=t[i]);return e},m=e=>e.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g,"\\$&");var y={"&":"&","<":"<",">":">",'"':""","'":"'","/":"/"};const v=e=>"string"==typeof e?e.replace(/[&<>"'\/]/g,(e=>y[e])):e;const b=[" ",",","?","!",";"],x=new class{constructor(e){this.capacity=e,this.regExpMap=new Map,this.regExpQueue=[]}getRegExp(e){const t=this.regExpMap.get(e);if(void 0!==t)return t;const s=new RegExp(e);return this.regExpQueue.length===this.capacity&&this.regExpMap.delete(this.regExpQueue.shift()),this.regExpMap.set(e,s),this.regExpQueue.push(e),s}}(20),k=function(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:".";if(!e)return;if(e[t])return e[t];const i=t.split(s);let n=e;for(let e=0;e<i.length;){if(!n||"object"!=typeof n)return;let t,o="";for(let r=e;r<i.length;++r)if(r!==e&&(o+=s),o+=i[r],t=n[o],void 0!==t){if(["string","number","boolean"].indexOf(typeof t)>-1&&r<i.length-1)continue;e+=r-e+1;break}n=t}return n},S=e=>e&&e.replace("_","-");class O extends r{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{ns:["translation"],defaultNS:"translation"};super(),this.data=e||{},this.options=t,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),void 0===this.options.ignoreJSONStructure&&(this.options.ignoreJSONStructure=!0)}addNamespaces(e){this.options.ns.indexOf(e)<0&&this.options.ns.push(e)}removeNamespaces(e){const t=this.options.ns.indexOf(e);t>-1&&this.options.ns.splice(t,1)}getResource(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const n=void 0!==i.keySeparator?i.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,o=void 0!==i.ignoreJSONStructure?i.ignoreJSONStructure:this.options.ignoreJSONStructure;let r;e.indexOf(".")>-1?r=e.split("."):(r=[e,t],s&&(Array.isArray(s)?r.push(...s):"string"==typeof s&&n?r.push(...s.split(n)):r.push(s)));const a=d(this.data,r);return!a&&!t&&!s&&e.indexOf(".")>-1&&(e=r[0],t=r[1],s=r.slice(2).join(".")),a||!o||"string"!=typeof s?a:k(this.data&&this.data[e]&&this.data[e][t],s,n)}addResource(e,t,s,i){let n=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:{silent:!1};const o=void 0!==n.keySeparator?n.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let r=[e,t];s&&(r=r.concat(o?s.split(o):s)),e.indexOf(".")>-1&&(r=e.split("."),i=t,t=r[1]),this.addNamespaces(t),g(this.data,r,i),n.silent||this.emit("added",e,t,s,i)}addResources(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{silent:!1};for(const i in s)("string"==typeof s[i]||Array.isArray(s[i]))&&this.addResource(e,t,i,s[i],{silent:!0});i.silent||this.emit("added",e,t,s)}addResourceBundle(e,t,s,i,n){let o=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{silent:!1,skipCopy:!1},r=[e,t];e.indexOf(".")>-1&&(r=e.split("."),i=s,s=t,t=r[1]),this.addNamespaces(t);let a=d(this.data,r)||{};o.skipCopy||(s=JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(s))),i?f(a,s,n):a={...a,...s},g(this.data,r,a),o.silent||this.emit("added",e,t,s)}removeResourceBundle(e,t){this.hasResourceBundle(e,t)&&delete this.data[e][t],this.removeNamespaces(t),this.emit("removed",e,t)}hasResourceBundle(e,t){return void 0!==this.getResource(e,t)}getResourceBundle(e,t){return t||(t=this.options.defaultNS),"v1"===this.options.compatibilityAPI?{...this.getResource(e,t)}:this.getResource(e,t)}getDataByLanguage(e){return this.data[e]}hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e){const t=this.getDataByLanguage(e);return!!(t&&Object.keys(t)||[]).find((e=>t[e]&&Object.keys(t[e]).length>0))}toJSON(){return this.data}}var w={processors:{},addPostProcessor(e){this.processors[e.name]=e},handle(e,t,s,i,n){return e.forEach((e=>{this.processors[e]&&(t=this.processors[e].process(t,s,i,n))})),t}};const L={};class P extends r{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};super(),((e,t,s)=>{e.forEach((e=>{t[e]&&(s[e]=t[e])}))})(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector","i18nFormat","utils"],e,this),this.options=t,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),this.logger=o.create("translator")}changeLanguage(e){e&&(this.language=e)}exists(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};if(null==e)return!1;const s=this.resolve(e,t);return s&&void 0!==s.res}extractFromKey(e,t){let s=void 0!==t.nsSeparator?t.nsSeparator:this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===s&&(s=":");const i=void 0!==t.keySeparator?t.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let n=t.ns||this.options.defaultNS||[];const o=s&&e.indexOf(s)>-1,r=!(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator||t.keySeparator||this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator||t.nsSeparator||((e,t,s)=>{t=t||"",s=s||"";const i=b.filter((e=>t.indexOf(e)<0&&s.indexOf(e)<0));if(0===i.length)return!0;const n=x.getRegExp(`(${i.map((e=>"?"===e?"\\?":e)).join("|")})`);let o=!n.test(e);if(!o){const t=e.indexOf(s);t>0&&!n.test(e.substring(0,t))&&(o=!0)}return o})(e,s,i));if(o&&!r){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);if(t&&t.length>0)return{key:e,namespaces:n};const o=e.split(s);(s!==i||s===i&&this.options.ns.indexOf(o[0])>-1)&&(n=o.shift()),e=o.join(i)}return"string"==typeof n&&(n=[n]),{key:e,namespaces:n}}translate(e,t,s){if("object"!=typeof t&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(t=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof t&&(t={...t}),t||(t={}),null==e)return"";Array.isArray(e)||(e=[String(e)]);const i=void 0!==t.returnDetails?t.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,n=void 0!==t.keySeparator?t.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:o,namespaces:r}=this.extractFromKey(e[e.length-1],t),a=r[r.length-1],l=t.lng||this.language,c=t.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if(l&&"cimode"===l.toLowerCase()){if(c){const e=t.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return i?{res:`${a}${e}${o}`,usedKey:o,exactUsedKey:o,usedLng:l,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(t)}:`${a}${e}${o}`}return i?{res:o,usedKey:o,exactUsedKey:o,usedLng:l,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(t)}:o}const u=this.resolve(e,t);let h=u&&u.res;const p=u&&u.usedKey||o,g=u&&u.exactUsedKey||o,d=Object.prototype.toString.apply(h),f=void 0!==t.joinArrays?t.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,m=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject;if(m&&h&&("string"!=typeof h&&"boolean"!=typeof h&&"number"!=typeof h)&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(d)<0&&("string"!=typeof f||!Array.isArray(h))){if(!t.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const e=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(p,h,{...t,ns:r}):`key '${o} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return i?(u.res=e,u.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(t),u):e}if(n){const e=Array.isArray(h),s=e?[]:{},i=e?g:p;for(const e in h)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(h,e)){const o=`${i}${n}${e}`;s[e]=this.translate(o,{...t,joinArrays:!1,ns:r}),s[e]===o&&(s[e]=h[e])}h=s}}else if(m&&"string"==typeof f&&Array.isArray(h))h=h.join(f),h&&(h=this.extendTranslation(h,e,t,s));else{let i=!1,r=!1;const c=void 0!==t.count&&"string"!=typeof t.count,p=P.hasDefaultValue(t),g=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(l,t.count,t):"",d=t.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(l,t.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",f=c&&!t.ordinal&&0===t.count&&this.pluralResolver.shouldUseIntlApi(),m=f&&t[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||t[`defaultValue${g}`]||t[`defaultValue${d}`]||t.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(h)&&p&&(i=!0,h=m),this.isValidLookup(h)||(r=!0,h=o);const y=(t.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&r?void 0:h,v=p&&m!==h&&this.options.updateMissing;if(r||i||v){if(this.logger.log(v?"updateKey":"missingKey",l,a,o,v?m:h),n){const e=this.resolve(o,{...t,keySeparator:!1});e&&e.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let e=[];const s=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,t.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&s&&s[0])for(let t=0;t<s.length;t++)e.push(s[t]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t.lng||this.language):e.push(t.lng||this.language);const i=(e,s,i)=>{const n=p&&i!==h?i:y;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(e,a,s,n,v,t):this.backendConnector&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(e,a,s,n,v,t),this.emit("missingKey",e,a,s,h)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?e.forEach((e=>{const s=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(e,t);f&&t[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&s.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&s.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),s.forEach((s=>{i([e],o+s,t[`defaultValue${s}`]||m)}))})):i(e,o,m))}h=this.extendTranslation(h,e,t,u,s),r&&h===o&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(h=`${a}:${o}`),(r||i)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(h="v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI?this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${o}`:o,i?h:void 0):this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(h))}return i?(u.res=h,u.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(t),u):h}extendTranslation(e,t,s,i,n){var o=this;if(this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.parse)e=this.i18nFormat.parse(e,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...s},s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,i.usedNS,i.usedKey,{resolved:i});else if(!s.skipInterpolation){s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...s,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...s.interpolation}});const r="string"==typeof e&&(s&&s.interpolation&&void 0!==s.interpolation.skipOnVariables?s.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(r){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=t&&t.length}let l=s.replace&&"string"!=typeof s.replace?s.replace:s;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(l={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...l}),e=this.interpolator.interpolate(e,l,s.lng||this.language||i.usedLng,s),r){const t=e.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(t&&t.length)&&(s.nest=!1)}!s.lng&&"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&i&&i.res&&(s.lng=this.language||i.usedLng),!1!==s.nest&&(e=this.interpolator.nest(e,(function(){for(var e=arguments.length,i=new Array(e),r=0;r<e;r++)i[r]=arguments[r];return n&&n[0]===i[0]&&!s.context?(o.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${i[0]} in key: ${t[0]}`),null):o.translate(...i,t)}),s)),s.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const r=s.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a="string"==typeof r?[r]:r;return null!=e&&a&&a.length&&!1!==s.applyPostProcessor&&(e=w.handle(a,e,t,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...i,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(s)},...s}:s,this)),e}resolve(e){let t,s,i,n,o,r=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{if(this.isValidLookup(t))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(e,r),l=a.key;s=l;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const u=void 0!==r.count&&"string"!=typeof r.count,h=u&&!r.ordinal&&0===r.count&&this.pluralResolver.shouldUseIntlApi(),p=void 0!==r.context&&("string"==typeof r.context||"number"==typeof r.context)&&""!==r.context,g=r.lngs?r.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(r.lng||this.language,r.fallbackLng);c.forEach((e=>{this.isValidLookup(t)||(o=e,!L[`${g[0]}-${e}`]&&this.utils&&this.utils.hasLoadedNamespace&&!this.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(o)&&(L[`${g[0]}-${e}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${s}" for languages "${g.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${o}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")),g.forEach((s=>{if(this.isValidLookup(t))return;n=s;const o=[l];if(this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys)this.i18nFormat.addLookupKeys(o,l,s,e,r);else{let e;u&&(e=this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(s,r.count,r));const t=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`,i=`${this.options.pluralSeparator}ordinal${this.options.pluralSeparator}`;if(u&&(o.push(l+e),r.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(i)&&o.push(l+e.replace(i,this.options.pluralSeparator)),h&&o.push(l+t)),p){const s=`${l}${this.options.contextSeparator}${r.context}`;o.push(s),u&&(o.push(s+e),r.ordinal&&0===e.indexOf(i)&&o.push(s+e.replace(i,this.options.pluralSeparator)),h&&o.push(s+t))}}let a;for(;a=o.pop();)this.isValidLookup(t)||(i=a,t=this.getResource(s,e,a,r))})))}))})),{res:t,usedKey:s,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:n,usedNS:o}}isValidLookup(e){return!(void 0===e||!this.options.returnNull&&null===e||!this.options.returnEmptyString&&""===e)}getResource(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat&&this.i18nFormat.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(e,t,s,i):this.resourceStore.getResource(e,t,s,i)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const t=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],s=e.replace&&"string"!=typeof e.replace;let i=s?e.replace:e;if(s&&void 0!==e.count&&(i.count=e.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(i={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...i}),!s){i={...i};for(const e of t)delete i[e]}return i}static hasDefaultValue(e){const t="defaultValue";for(const s in e)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,s)&&t===s.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==e[s])return!0;return!1}}const R=e=>e.charAt(0).toUpperCase()+e.slice(1);class C{constructor(e){this.options=e,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=o.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(e){if(!(e=S(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const t=e.split("-");return 2===t.length?null:(t.pop(),"x"===t[t.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(t.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(e){if(!(e=S(e))||e.indexOf("-")<0)return e;const t=e.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(t[0])}formatLanguageCode(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.indexOf("-")>-1){if("undefined"!=typeof Intl&&void 0!==Intl.getCanonicalLocales)try{let t=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(e)[0];if(t&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(t=t.toLowerCase()),t)return t}catch(e){}const t=["hans","hant","latn","cyrl","cans","mong","arab"];let s=e.split("-");return this.options.lowerCaseLng?s=s.map((e=>e.toLowerCase())):2===s.length?(s[0]=s[0].toLowerCase(),s[1]=s[1].toUpperCase(),t.indexOf(s[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[1]=R(s[1].toLowerCase()))):3===s.length&&(s[0]=s[0].toLowerCase(),2===s[1].length&&(s[1]=s[1].toUpperCase()),"sgn"!==s[0]&&2===s[2].length&&(s[2]=s[2].toUpperCase()),t.indexOf(s[1].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[1]=R(s[1].toLowerCase())),t.indexOf(s[2].toLowerCase())>-1&&(s[2]=R(s[2].toLowerCase()))),s.join("-")}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?e.toLowerCase():e}isSupportedCode(e){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(e=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(e)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(e){if(!e)return null;let t;return e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.formatLanguageCode(e);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(s)||(t=s)})),!t&&this.options.supportedLngs&&e.forEach((e=>{if(t)return;const s=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e);if(this.isSupportedCode(s))return t=s;t=this.options.supportedLngs.find((e=>e===s?e:e.indexOf("-")<0&&s.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:e.indexOf("-")>0&&s.indexOf("-")<0&&e.substring(0,e.indexOf("-"))===s||0===e.indexOf(s)&&s.length>1?e:void 0))})),t||(t=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),t}getFallbackCodes(e,t){if(!e)return[];if("function"==typeof e&&(e=e(t)),"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),Array.isArray(e))return e;if(!t)return e.default||[];let s=e[t];return s||(s=e[this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.formatLanguageCode(t)]),s||(s=e[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)]),s||(s=e.default),s||[]}toResolveHierarchy(e,t){const s=this.getFallbackCodes(t||this.options.fallbackLng||[],e),i=[],n=e=>{e&&(this.isSupportedCode(e)?i.push(e):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${e}`))};return"string"==typeof e&&(e.indexOf("-")>-1||e.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&n(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))):"string"==typeof e&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e)),s.forEach((e=>{i.indexOf(e)<0&&n(this.formatLanguageCode(e))})),i}}let N=[{lngs:["ach","ak","am","arn","br","fil","gun","ln","mfe","mg","mi","oc","pt","pt-BR","tg","tl","ti","tr","uz","wa"],nr:[1,2],fc:1},{lngs:["af","an","ast","az","bg","bn","ca","da","de","dev","el","en","eo","es","et","eu","fi","fo","fur","fy","gl","gu","ha","hi","hu","hy","ia","it","kk","kn","ku","lb","mai","ml","mn","mr","nah","nap","nb","ne","nl","nn","no","nso","pa","pap","pms","ps","pt-PT","rm","sco","se","si","so","son","sq","sv","sw","ta","te","tk","ur","yo"],nr:[1,2],fc:2},{lngs:["ay","bo","cgg","fa","ht","id","ja","jbo","ka","km","ko","ky","lo","ms","sah","su","th","tt","ug","vi","wo","zh"],nr:[1],fc:3},{lngs:["be","bs","cnr","dz","hr","ru","sr","uk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:4},{lngs:["ar"],nr:[0,1,2,3,11,100],fc:5},{lngs:["cs","sk"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:6},{lngs:["csb","pl"],nr:[1,2,5],fc:7},{lngs:["cy"],nr:[1,2,3,8],fc:8},{lngs:["fr"],nr:[1,2],fc:9},{lngs:["ga"],nr:[1,2,3,7,11],fc:10},{lngs:["gd"],nr:[1,2,3,20],fc:11},{lngs:["is"],nr:[1,2],fc:12},{lngs:["jv"],nr:[0,1],fc:13},{lngs:["kw"],nr:[1,2,3,4],fc:14},{lngs:["lt"],nr:[1,2,10],fc:15},{lngs:["lv"],nr:[1,2,0],fc:16},{lngs:["mk"],nr:[1,2],fc:17},{lngs:["mnk"],nr:[0,1,2],fc:18},{lngs:["mt"],nr:[1,2,11,20],fc:19},{lngs:["or"],nr:[2,1],fc:2},{lngs:["ro"],nr:[1,2,20],fc:20},{lngs:["sl"],nr:[5,1,2,3],fc:21},{lngs:["he","iw"],nr:[1,2,20,21],fc:22}],j={1:e=>Number(e>1),2:e=>Number(1!=e),3:e=>0,4:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:e%10>=2&&e%10<=4&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),5:e=>Number(0==e?0:1==e?1:2==e?2:e%100>=3&&e%100<=10?3:e%100>=11?4:5),6:e=>Number(1==e?0:e>=2&&e<=4?1:2),7:e=>Number(1==e?0:e%10>=2&&e%10<=4&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),8:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:8!=e&&11!=e?2:3),9:e=>Number(e>=2),10:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:e<7?2:e<11?3:4),11:e=>Number(1==e||11==e?0:2==e||12==e?1:e>2&&e<20?2:3),12:e=>Number(e%10!=1||e%100==11),13:e=>Number(0!==e),14:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:3==e?2:3),15:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:e%10>=2&&(e%100<10||e%100>=20)?1:2),16:e=>Number(e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:0!==e?1:2),17:e=>Number(1==e||e%10==1&&e%100!=11?0:1),18:e=>Number(0==e?0:1==e?1:2),19:e=>Number(1==e?0:0==e||e%100>1&&e%100<11?1:e%100>10&&e%100<20?2:3),20:e=>Number(1==e?0:0==e||e%100>0&&e%100<20?1:2),21:e=>Number(e%100==1?1:e%100==2?2:e%100==3||e%100==4?3:0),22:e=>Number(1==e?0:2==e?1:(e<0||e>10)&&e%10==0?2:3)};const $=["v1","v2","v3"],A=["v4"],E={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5};class I{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=e,this.options=t,this.logger=o.create("pluralResolver"),this.options.compatibilityJSON&&!A.includes(this.options.compatibilityJSON)||"undefined"!=typeof Intl&&Intl.PluralRules||(this.options.compatibilityJSON="v3",this.logger.error("Your environment seems not to be Intl API compatible, use an Intl.PluralRules polyfill. Will fallback to the compatibilityJSON v3 format handling.")),this.rules=(()=>{const e={};return N.forEach((t=>{t.lngs.forEach((s=>{e[s]={numbers:t.nr,plurals:j[t.fc]}}))})),e})(),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(e,t){this.rules[e]=t}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(this.shouldUseIntlApi())try{const s=S("dev"===e?"en":e),i=t.ordinal?"ordinal":"cardinal",n=JSON.stringify({cleanedCode:s,type:i});if(n in this.pluralRulesCache)return this.pluralRulesCache[n];const o=new Intl.PluralRules(s,{type:i});return this.pluralRulesCache[n]=o,o}catch(e){return}return this.rules[e]||this.rules[this.languageUtils.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]}needsPlural(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const s=this.getRule(e,t);return this.shouldUseIntlApi()?s&&s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.length>1:s&&s.numbers.length>1}getPluralFormsOfKey(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};return this.getSuffixes(e,s).map((e=>`${t}${e}`))}getSuffixes(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const s=this.getRule(e,t);return s?this.shouldUseIntlApi()?s.resolvedOptions().pluralCategories.sort(((e,t)=>E[e]-E[t])).map((e=>`${this.options.prepend}${t.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${e}`)):s.numbers.map((s=>this.getSuffix(e,s,t))):[]}getSuffix(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const i=this.getRule(e,s);return i?this.shouldUseIntlApi()?`${this.options.prepend}${s.ordinal?`ordinal${this.options.prepend}`:""}${i.select(t)}`:this.getSuffixRetroCompatible(i,t):(this.logger.warn(`no plural rule found for: ${e}`),"")}getSuffixRetroCompatible(e,t){const s=e.noAbs?e.plurals(t):e.plurals(Math.abs(t));let i=e.numbers[s];this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix&&2===e.numbers.length&&1===e.numbers[0]&&(2===i?i="plural":1===i&&(i=""));const n=()=>this.options.prepend&&i.toString()?this.options.prepend+i.toString():i.toString();return"v1"===this.options.compatibilityJSON?1===i?"":"number"==typeof i?`_plural_${i.toString()}`:n():"v2"===this.options.compatibilityJSON||this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix&&2===e.numbers.length&&1===e.numbers[0]?n():this.options.prepend&&s.toString()?this.options.prepend+s.toString():s.toString()}shouldUseIntlApi(){return!$.includes(this.options.compatibilityJSON)}}const T=function(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:".",n=!(arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4])||arguments[4],o=((e,t,s)=>{const i=d(e,s);return void 0!==i?i:d(t,s)})(e,t,s);return!o&&n&&"string"==typeof s&&(o=k(e,s,i),void 0===o&&(o=k(t,s,i))),o},D=e=>e.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");class F{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=o.create("interpolator"),this.options=e,this.format=e.interpolation&&e.interpolation.format||(e=>e),this.init(e)}init(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};e.interpolation||(e.interpolation={escapeValue:!0});const{escape:t,escapeValue:s,useRawValueToEscape:i,prefix:n,prefixEscaped:o,suffix:r,suffixEscaped:a,formatSeparator:l,unescapeSuffix:c,unescapePrefix:u,nestingPrefix:h,nestingPrefixEscaped:p,nestingSuffix:g,nestingSuffixEscaped:d,nestingOptionsSeparator:f,maxReplaces:y,alwaysFormat:b}=e.interpolation;this.escape=void 0!==t?t:v,this.escapeValue=void 0===s||s,this.useRawValueToEscape=void 0!==i&&i,this.prefix=n?m(n):o||"{{",this.suffix=r?m(r):a||"}}",this.formatSeparator=l||",",this.unescapePrefix=c?"":u||"-",this.unescapeSuffix=this.unescapePrefix?"":c||"",this.nestingPrefix=h?m(h):p||m("$t("),this.nestingSuffix=g?m(g):d||m(")"),this.nestingOptionsSeparator=f||",",this.maxReplaces=y||1e3,this.alwaysFormat=void 0!==b&&b,this.resetRegExp()}reset(){this.options&&this.init(this.options)}resetRegExp(){const e=(e,t)=>e&&e.source===t?(e.lastIndex=0,e):new RegExp(t,"g");this.regexp=e(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=e(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=e(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(e,t,s,i){let n,o,r;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},c=e=>{if(e.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const n=T(t,a,e,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(n,void 0,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:e}):n}const n=e.split(this.formatSeparator),o=n.shift().trim(),r=n.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(T(t,a,o,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),r,s,{...i,...t,interpolationkey:o})};this.resetRegExp();const u=i&&i.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,h=i&&i.interpolation&&void 0!==i.interpolation.skipOnVariables?i.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:e=>D(e)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:e=>this.escapeValue?D(this.escape(e)):D(e)}].forEach((t=>{for(r=0;n=t.regex.exec(e);){const s=n[1].trim();if(o=c(s),void 0===o)if("function"==typeof u){const t=u(e,n,i);o="string"==typeof t?t:""}else if(i&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,s))o="";else{if(h){o=n[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${s} for interpolating ${e}`),o=""}else"string"==typeof o||this.useRawValueToEscape||(o=l(o));const a=t.safeValue(o);if(e=e.replace(n[0],a),h?(t.regex.lastIndex+=o.length,t.regex.lastIndex-=n[0].length):t.regex.lastIndex=0,r++,r>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),e}nest(e,t){let s,i,n,o=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const r=(e,t)=>{const s=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(e.indexOf(s)<0)return e;const i=e.split(new RegExp(`${s}[ ]*{`));let o=`{${i[1]}`;e=i[0],o=this.interpolate(o,n);const r=o.match(/'/g),a=o.match(/"/g);(r&&r.length%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(o=o.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{n=JSON.parse(o),t&&(n={...t,...n})}catch(t){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${e}`,t),`${e}${s}${o}`}return n.defaultValue&&n.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete n.defaultValue,e};for(;s=this.nestingRegexp.exec(e);){let a=[];n={...o},n=n.replace&&"string"!=typeof n.replace?n.replace:n,n.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete n.defaultValue;let c=!1;if(-1!==s[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(s[1])){const e=s[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((e=>e.trim()));s[1]=e.shift(),a=e,c=!0}if(i=t(r.call(this,s[1].trim(),n),n),i&&s[0]===e&&"string"!=typeof i)return i;"string"!=typeof i&&(i=l(i)),i||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${s[1]} for nesting ${e}`),i=""),c&&(i=a.reduce(((e,t)=>this.format(e,t,o.lng,{...o,interpolationkey:s[1].trim()})),i.trim())),e=e.replace(s[0],i),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return e}}const V=e=>{const t={};return(s,i,n)=>{let o=n;n&&n.interpolationkey&&n.formatParams&&n.formatParams[n.interpolationkey]&&n[n.interpolationkey]&&(o={...o,[n.interpolationkey]:void 0});const r=i+JSON.stringify(o);let a=t[r];return a||(a=e(S(i),n),t[r]=a),a(s)}};class U{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=o.create("formatter"),this.options=e,this.formats={number:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),currency:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.NumberFormat(e,{...t,style:"currency"});return e=>s.format(e)})),datetime:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)})),relativetime:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e,t.range||"day")})),list:V(((e,t)=>{const s=new Intl.ListFormat(e,{...t});return e=>s.format(e)}))},this.init(e)}init(e){const t=(arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}}).interpolation;this.formatSeparator=t.formatSeparator?t.formatSeparator:t.formatSeparator||","}add(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=t}addCached(e,t){this.formats[e.toLowerCase().trim()]=V(t)}format(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const n=t.split(this.formatSeparator);if(n.length>1&&n[0].indexOf("(")>1&&n[0].indexOf(")")<0&&n.find((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1))){const e=n.findIndex((e=>e.indexOf(")")>-1));n[0]=[n[0],...n.splice(1,e)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return n.reduce(((e,t)=>{const{formatName:n,formatOptions:o}=(e=>{let t=e.toLowerCase().trim();const s={};if(e.indexOf("(")>-1){const i=e.split("(");t=i[0].toLowerCase().trim();const n=i[1].substring(0,i[1].length-1);"currency"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.currency||(s.currency=n.trim()):"relativetime"===t&&n.indexOf(":")<0?s.range||(s.range=n.trim()):n.split(";").forEach((e=>{if(e){const[t,...i]=e.split(":"),n=i.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),o=t.trim();s[o]||(s[o]=n),"false"===n&&(s[o]=!1),"true"===n&&(s[o]=!0),isNaN(n)||(s[o]=parseInt(n,10))}}))}return{formatName:t,formatOptions:s}})(t);if(this.formats[n]){let t=e;try{const r=i&&i.formatParams&&i.formatParams[i.interpolationkey]||{},a=r.locale||r.lng||i.locale||i.lng||s;t=this.formats[n](e,a,{...o,...i,...r})}catch(e){this.logger.warn(e)}return t}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${n}`),e}),e)}}class M extends r{constructor(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=e,this.store=t,this.services=s,this.languageUtils=s.languageUtils,this.options=i,this.logger=o.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=i.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=i.maxRetries>=0?i.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=i.retryTimeout>=1?i.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend&&this.backend.init&&this.backend.init(s,i.backend,i)}queueLoad(e,t,s,i){const n={},o={},r={},a={};return e.forEach((e=>{let i=!0;t.forEach((t=>{const r=`${e}|${t}`;!s.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(e,t)?this.state[r]=2:this.state[r]<0||(1===this.state[r]?void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0):(this.state[r]=1,i=!1,void 0===o[r]&&(o[r]=!0),void 0===n[r]&&(n[r]=!0),void 0===a[t]&&(a[t]=!0)))})),i||(r[e]=!0)})),(Object.keys(n).length||Object.keys(o).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:o,pendingCount:Object.keys(o).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:i}),{toLoad:Object.keys(n),pending:Object.keys(o),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(r),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(e,t,s){const i=e.split("|"),n=i[0],o=i[1];t&&this.emit("failedLoading",n,o,t),!t&&s&&this.store.addResourceBundle(n,o,s,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[e]=t?-1:2,t&&s&&(this.state[e]=0);const r={};this.queue.forEach((s=>{((e,t,s,i)=>{const{obj:n,k:o}=p(e,t,Object);n[o]=n[o]||[],n[o].push(s)})(s.loaded,[n],o),((e,t)=>{void 0!==e.pending[t]&&(delete e.pending[t],e.pendingCount--)})(s,e),t&&s.errors.push(t),0!==s.pendingCount||s.done||(Object.keys(s.loaded).forEach((e=>{r[e]||(r[e]={});const t=s.loaded[e];t.length&&t.forEach((t=>{void 0===r[e][t]&&(r[e][t]=!0)}))})),s.done=!0,s.errors.length?s.callback(s.errors):s.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",r),this.queue=this.queue.filter((e=>!e.done))}read(e,t,s){let i=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,n=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,o=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!e.length)return o(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:e,ns:t,fcName:s,tried:i,wait:n,callback:o});this.readingCalls++;const r=(r,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const e=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(e.lng,e.ns,e.fcName,e.tried,e.wait,e.callback)}r&&a&&i<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,e,t,s,i+1,2*n,o)}),n):o(r,a)},a=this.backend[s].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(e,t,r);try{const s=a(e,t);s&&"function"==typeof s.then?s.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,s)}catch(e){r(e)}}prepareLoading(e,t){let s=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),i&&i();"string"==typeof e&&(e=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e)),"string"==typeof t&&(t=[t]);const n=this.queueLoad(e,t,s,i);if(!n.toLoad.length)return n.pending.length||i(),null;n.toLoad.forEach((e=>{this.loadOne(e)}))}load(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{},s)}reload(e,t,s){this.prepareLoading(e,t,{reload:!0},s)}loadOne(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const s=e.split("|"),i=s[0],n=s[1];this.read(i,n,"read",void 0,void 0,((s,o)=>{s&&this.logger.warn(`${t}loading namespace ${n} for language ${i} failed`,s),!s&&o&&this.logger.log(`${t}loaded namespace ${n} for language ${i}`,o),this.loaded(e,s,o)}))}saveMissing(e,t,s,i,n){let o=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},r=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(this.services.utils&&this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace&&!this.services.utils.hasLoadedNamespace(t))this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${s}" as the namespace "${t}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!");else if(null!=s&&""!==s){if(this.backend&&this.backend.create){const a={...o,isUpdate:n},l=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(l.length<6)try{let n;n=5===l.length?l(e,t,s,i,a):l(e,t,s,i),n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((e=>r(null,e))).catch(r):r(null,n)}catch(e){r(e)}else l(e,t,s,i,r,a)}e&&e[0]&&this.store.addResource(e[0],t,s,i)}}}const H=()=>({debug:!1,initImmediate:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:e=>{let t={};if("object"==typeof e[1]&&(t=e[1]),"string"==typeof e[1]&&(t.defaultValue=e[1]),"string"==typeof e[2]&&(t.tDescription=e[2]),"object"==typeof e[2]||"object"==typeof e[3]){const s=e[3]||e[2];Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{t[e]=s[e]}))}return t},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:e=>e,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),K=e=>("string"==typeof e.ns&&(e.ns=[e.ns]),"string"==typeof e.fallbackLng&&(e.fallbackLng=[e.fallbackLng]),"string"==typeof e.fallbackNS&&(e.fallbackNS=[e.fallbackNS]),e.supportedLngs&&e.supportedLngs.indexOf("cimode")<0&&(e.supportedLngs=e.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),e),J=()=>{};class z extends r{constructor(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var s;if(super(),this.options=K(e),this.services={},this.logger=o,this.modules={external:[]},s=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(s)).forEach((e=>{"function"==typeof s[e]&&(s[e]=s[e].bind(s))})),t&&!this.isInitialized&&!e.isClone){if(!this.options.initImmediate)return this.init(e,t),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(e,t)}),0)}}init(){var e=this;let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},s=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t={}),!t.defaultNS&&!1!==t.defaultNS&&t.ns&&("string"==typeof t.ns?t.defaultNS=t.ns:t.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(t.defaultNS=t.ns[0]));const i=H();this.options={...i,...this.options,...K(t)},"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&(this.options.interpolation={...i.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation}),void 0!==t.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=t.keySeparator),void 0!==t.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=t.nsSeparator);const n=e=>e?"function"==typeof e?new e:e:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let t;this.modules.logger?o.init(n(this.modules.logger),this.options):o.init(null,this.options),this.modules.formatter?t=this.modules.formatter:"undefined"!=typeof Intl&&(t=U);const s=new C(this.options);this.store=new O(this.options.resources,this.options);const r=this.services;r.logger=o,r.resourceStore=this.store,r.languageUtils=s,r.pluralResolver=new I(s,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,compatibilityJSON:this.options.compatibilityJSON,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!t||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==i.interpolation.format||(r.formatter=n(t),r.formatter.init(r,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=r.formatter.format.bind(r.formatter)),r.interpolator=new F(this.options),r.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},r.backendConnector=new M(n(this.modules.backend),r.resourceStore,r,this.options),r.backendConnector.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(r.languageDetector=n(this.modules.languageDetector),r.languageDetector.init&&r.languageDetector.init(r,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(r.i18nFormat=n(this.modules.i18nFormat),r.i18nFormat.init&&r.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new P(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(t){for(var s=arguments.length,i=new Array(s>1?s-1:0),n=1;n<s;n++)i[n-1]=arguments[n];e.emit(t,...i)})),this.modules.external.forEach((e=>{e.init&&e.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,s||(s=J),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const e=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);e.length>0&&"dev"!==e[0]&&(this.options.lng=e[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((t=>{this[t]=function(){return e.store[t](...arguments),e}}));const r=a(),l=()=>{const e=(e,t)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),r.resolve(t),s(e,t)};if(this.languages&&"v1"!==this.options.compatibilityAPI&&!this.isInitialized)return e(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,e)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initImmediate?l():setTimeout(l,0),r}loadResources(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:J;const s="string"==typeof e?e:this.language;if("function"==typeof e&&(t=e),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if(s&&"cimode"===s.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return t();const e=[],i=t=>{if(!t)return;if("cimode"===t)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t).forEach((t=>{"cimode"!==t&&e.indexOf(t)<0&&e.push(t)}))};if(s)i(s);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((e=>i(e)))}this.options.preload&&this.options.preload.forEach((e=>i(e))),this.services.backendConnector.load(e,this.options.ns,(e=>{e||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),t(e)}))}else t(null)}reloadResources(e,t,s){const i=a();return"function"==typeof e&&(s=e,e=void 0),"function"==typeof t&&(s=t,t=void 0),e||(e=this.languages),t||(t=this.options.ns),s||(s=J),this.services.backendConnector.reload(e,t,(e=>{i.resolve(),s(e)})),i}use(e){if(!e)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!e.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===e.type&&(this.modules.backend=e),("logger"===e.type||e.log&&e.warn&&e.error)&&(this.modules.logger=e),"languageDetector"===e.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=e),"i18nFormat"===e.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=e),"postProcessor"===e.type&&w.addPostProcessor(e),"formatter"===e.type&&(this.modules.formatter=e),"3rdParty"===e.type&&this.modules.external.push(e),this}setResolvedLanguage(e){if(e&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1))for(let e=0;e<this.languages.length;e++){const t=this.languages[e];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t)){this.resolvedLanguage=t;break}}}changeLanguage(e,t){var s=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=e;const i=a();this.emit("languageChanging",e);const n=e=>{this.language=e,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(e)},o=(e,o)=>{o?(n(o),this.translator.changeLanguage(o),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",o),this.logger.log("languageChanged",o)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,i.resolve((function(){return s.t(...arguments)})),t&&t(e,(function(){return s.t(...arguments)}))},r=t=>{e||t||!this.services.languageDetector||(t=[]);const s="string"==typeof t?t:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(t);s&&(this.language||n(s),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(s),this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage&&this.services.languageDetector.cacheUserLanguage(s)),this.loadResources(s,(e=>{o(e,s)}))};return e||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!e&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(r):this.services.languageDetector.detect(r):r(e):r(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),i}getFixedT(e,t,s){var i=this;const n=function(e,t){let o;if("object"!=typeof t){for(var r=arguments.length,a=new Array(r>2?r-2:0),l=2;l<r;l++)a[l-2]=arguments[l];o=i.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler([e,t].concat(a))}else o={...t};o.lng=o.lng||n.lng,o.lngs=o.lngs||n.lngs,o.ns=o.ns||n.ns,""!==o.keyPrefix&&(o.keyPrefix=o.keyPrefix||s||n.keyPrefix);const c=i.options.keySeparator||".";let u;return u=o.keyPrefix&&Array.isArray(e)?e.map((e=>`${o.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`)):o.keyPrefix?`${o.keyPrefix}${c}${e}`:e,i.t(u,o)};return"string"==typeof e?n.lng=e:n.lngs=e,n.ns=t,n.keyPrefix=s,n}t(){return this.translator&&this.translator.translate(...arguments)}exists(){return this.translator&&this.translator.exists(...arguments)}setDefaultNamespace(e){this.options.defaultNS=e}hasLoadedNamespace(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};if(!this.isInitialized)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18next was not initialized",this.languages),!1;if(!this.languages||!this.languages.length)return this.logger.warn("hasLoadedNamespace: i18n.languages were undefined or empty",this.languages),!1;const s=t.lng||this.resolvedLanguage||this.languages[0],i=!!this.options&&this.options.fallbackLng,n=this.languages[this.languages.length-1];if("cimode"===s.toLowerCase())return!0;const o=(e,t)=>{const s=this.services.backendConnector.state[`${e}|${t}`];return-1===s||0===s||2===s};if(t.precheck){const e=t.precheck(this,o);if(void 0!==e)return e}return!!this.hasResourceBundle(s,e)||(!(this.services.backendConnector.backend&&(!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages))||!(!o(s,e)||i&&!o(n,e)))}loadNamespaces(e,t){const s=a();return this.options.ns?("string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]),e.forEach((e=>{this.options.ns.indexOf(e)<0&&this.options.ns.push(e)})),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}loadLanguages(e,t){const s=a();"string"==typeof e&&(e=[e]);const i=this.options.preload||[],n=e.filter((e=>i.indexOf(e)<0&&this.services.languageUtils.isSupportedCode(e)));return n.length?(this.options.preload=i.concat(n),this.loadResources((e=>{s.resolve(),t&&t(e)})),s):(t&&t(),Promise.resolve())}dir(e){if(e||(e=this.resolvedLanguage||(this.languages&&this.languages.length>0?this.languages[0]:this.language)),!e)return"rtl";const t=this.services&&this.services.languageUtils||new C(H());return["ar","shu","sqr","ssh","xaa","yhd","yud","aao","abh","abv","acm","acq","acw","acx","acy","adf","ads","aeb","aec","afb","ajp","apc","apd","arb","arq","ars","ary","arz","auz","avl","ayh","ayl","ayn","ayp","bbz","pga","he","iw","ps","pbt","pbu","pst","prp","prd","ug","ur","ydd","yds","yih","ji","yi","hbo","men","xmn","fa","jpr","peo","pes","prs","dv","sam","ckb"].indexOf(t.getLanguagePartFromCode(e))>-1||e.toLowerCase().indexOf("-arab")>1?"rtl":"ltr"}static createInstance(){return new z(arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0)}cloneInstance(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:J;const s=e.forkResourceStore;s&&delete e.forkResourceStore;const i={...this.options,...e,isClone:!0},n=new z(i);void 0===e.debug&&void 0===e.prefix||(n.logger=n.logger.clone(e));return["store","services","language"].forEach((e=>{n[e]=this[e]})),n.services={...this.services},n.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},s&&(n.store=new O(this.store.data,i),n.services.resourceStore=n.store),n.translator=new P(n.services,i),n.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var t=arguments.length,s=new Array(t>1?t-1:0),i=1;i<t;i++)s[i-1]=arguments[i];n.emit(e,...s)})),n.init(i,t),n.translator.options=i,n.translator.backendConnector.services.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:n.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(n)},n}toJSON(){return{options:this.options,store:this.store,language:this.language,languages:this.languages,resolvedLanguage:this.resolvedLanguage}}}const q=z.createInstance();q.createInstance=z.createInstance;q.createInstance,q.dir,q.init,q.loadResources,q.reloadResources,q.use,q.changeLanguage,q.getFixedT,q.t,q.exists,q.setDefaultNamespace,q.hasLoadedNamespace,q.loadNamespaces,q.loadLanguages}},function(e){var t;t=51250,e(e.s=t)}]); //# sourceMappingURL=i18n_init-9f062a0de30195f0d756.js.map //]]> </script> <script src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/runtime-8563a1641acaeb567def.js"></script> <script>window.tentacles = { apiToken: "zu0fth1pwaw4xbz53mh0yl3ik80ndct1" };</script> <script src="https://tentacles.smartocto.com/ten/tentacle.js" type="didomi/javascript" data-vendor="c:smartocto-GJ7CA7CP"></script> </body> </html>