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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landformer_og_natur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landformer_og_natur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Landformer og natur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landformer_og_natur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vegetasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Elver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Klima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sosiale_forhold" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sosiale_forhold"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sosiale forhold</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sosiale_forhold-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folketall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folketall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Folketall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folketall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folkegrupper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folkegrupper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Folkegrupper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folkegrupper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Språk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utdannelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utdannelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Utdannelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utdannelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forhistorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forhistorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Forhistorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forhistorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selvstendighet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selvstendighet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Selvstendighet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selvstendighet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grunnlov_av_1956" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grunnlov_av_1956"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Grunnlov av 1956</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grunnlov_av_1956-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Øst-_og_Vest-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Øst-_og_Vest-Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Øst- og Vest-Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Øst-_og_Vest-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir-konflikten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir-konflikten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Kashmir-konflikten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir-konflikten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deling_fra_Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deling_fra_Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Deling fra Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deling_fra_Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan_etter_1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan_etter_1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Pakistan etter 1971</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan_etter_1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flommen_i_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flommen_i_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Flommen i 2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flommen_i_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politikk_og_administrasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politikk og administrasjon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Politikk og administrasjon</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politikk_og_administrasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politiske_partier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiske_partier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Politiske partier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiske_partier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativ_inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Administrativ inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativ_inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provinser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Provinser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Territorier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistansk-administrerte_deler_av_Kasjmir-regionen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistansk-administrerte_deler_av_Kasjmir-regionen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Pakistansk-administrerte deler av Kasjmir-regionen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistansk-administrerte_deler_av_Kasjmir-regionen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menneskerettigheter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneskerettigheter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Menneskerettigheter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneskerettigheter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Økonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Økonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Økonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kraftproduksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kraftproduksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Kraftproduksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kraftproduksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mineralutvinning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineralutvinning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mineralutvinning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineralutvinning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordbruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordbruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Jordbruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordbruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Økonomiske_nøkkeltall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Økonomiske_nøkkeltall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Økonomiske nøkkeltall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Økonomiske_nøkkeltall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Helse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samferdsel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samferdsel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Samferdsel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samferdsel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oppføring_på_UNESCOs_lister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oppføring_på_UNESCOs_lister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Oppføring på UNESCOs lister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oppføring_på_UNESCOs_lister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fotnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Fotnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pakistan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 271 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-271" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">271 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Пакистэн – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Пакистэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ፓኪስታን – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓኪስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacistan" title="Pacistan – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pacistan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باكستان – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باكستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C3%A1n" title="Pakistán – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pakistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%90%DC%A9%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܐܩܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Paquistan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পাকিস্তান – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পাকিস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Paquistán – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakit%C3%A3" title="Pakitã – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pakitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکیستان – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاکیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পাকিস্তান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাকিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакістан – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пакістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакістан – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пакістан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%93" title="པ་ཀི་སི་ཐན – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པ་ཀི་སི་ཐན" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1n" title="Pákistán – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pákistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacistan" title="Pacistan – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pacistan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاكيستان – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پاكيستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – pennsylvaniatysk" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsylvaniatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ޕާކިސްތާން – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕާކިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%CA%BCe%CA%BCaahj%C3%AD_Naakaii_Doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Eʼeʼaahjí Naakaii Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Eʼeʼaahjí Naakaii Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Πακιστάν – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πακιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C3%A1n" title="Pakistán – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pakistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistano" title="Pakistano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pakistano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Paquistán – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – fulfulde" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulfulde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phacast%C3%A1in" title="An Phacastáin – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phacastáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Phakistaan" title="Yn Phakistaan – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Phakistaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagast%C3%A0n" title="Pagastàn – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pagastàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquist%C3%A1n" title="Paquistán – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="巴基斯坦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="પાકિસ્તાન – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પાકિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – goansk konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="goansk konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="파키스탄 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파키스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakitana" title="Pakitana – hawaiisk" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pakitana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Պակիստան – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պակիստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পাকিস্তান – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পাকিস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B8%E1%91%AD%E1%94%85%E1%91%95%E1%93%90" title="ᐸᑭᔅᑕᓐ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐸᑭᔅᑕᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPakistani" title="IPakistani – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPakistani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="פקיסטן – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פקיסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakisitaan%C9%A9" title="Pakisitaanɩ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pakisitaanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პაკისტანი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაკისტანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%B2%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پٲکِستان – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پٲکِستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пәкістан – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пәкістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakisitani" title="Pakisitani – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Pakisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachistan" title="Pachistan – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pachistan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດປາກິດສະຖານ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດປາກິດສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistania" title="Pakistania – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pakistania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C4%81na" title="Pakistāna – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pakistāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanas" title="Pakistanas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pakistanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C3%A1ni" title="Pakistáni – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pakistáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacistan" title="Pacistan – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pacistan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistuanu" title="Pakistuanu – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pakistuanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kisygu%27e" title="kisygu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kisygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakiszt%C3%A1n" title="Pakisztán – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pakisztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C3%A0na" title="Pakistàna – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pakistàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="പാകിസ്താൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാകിസ്താൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakit%C4%81ne" title="Pakitāne – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakitāne" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პაკისტანი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პაკისტანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باكستان – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باكستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="پاکستون – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاکستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯥꯀꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paquistan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပါကစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါကစ္စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="パキスタン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パキスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistaan" title="Pakistaan – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pakistaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistaan" title="Pakistaan – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Pakistaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquistan" title="Paquistan – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paquistan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପାକିସ୍ତାନ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାକିସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paakistaan" title="Paakistaan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Paakistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokiston" title="Pokiston – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pokiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="ប៉ាគីស្ថាន – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉ាគីស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakisuyu" title="Pakisuyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pakisuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакістан – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пакістан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистаан – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пакистаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakisitana" title="Pakisitana – samoansk" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Pakisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पाकिस्थानम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पाकिस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – nord-sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nord-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani" title="Pakistani – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pakistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පාකිස්ථානය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාකිස්ථානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاڪستان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڪستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhakhistani" title="IPhakhistani – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IPhakhistani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Пакистанъ – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Пакистанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakistaan" title="Bakistaan – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bakistaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பாக்கித்தான் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாக்கித்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baksitan" title="Baksitan – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Baksitan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Пакистан Ислам Җөмһүрияте – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Пакистан Ислам Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပႃႇၵိတ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပႃႇၵိတ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పాకిస్తాన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాకిస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistaun" title="Pakistaun – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Pakistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศปากีสถาน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศปากีสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ፓኪስታን – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፓኪስታን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Покистон – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Покистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81kisitani" title="Pākisitani – tongansk" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pākisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%86%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%96%E1%8F%82" title="ᏆᎩᏍᏖᏂ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏆᎩᏍᏖᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paki%CC%B1si%CC%B1tan" title="Paki̱si̱tan – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Paki̱si̱tan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨄᨀᨗᨔᨈᨊ – buginesisk" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨀᨗᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пакистан – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пакистан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پاکستان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاکستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="پاكىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پاكىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakist%C3%A4n" title="Pakistän – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Pakistän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴基斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistaan" title="Pakistaan – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Pakistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴基斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פאקיסטאן – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאקיסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak%C3%ADst%C3%A0n" title="Pakístàn – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pakístàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴基斯坦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak%C4%B1stan" title="Pakıstan – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pakıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak%C4%97stans" title="Pakėstans – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pakėstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴基斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Pakistan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ – standard marrokansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⴰⴽⵉⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marrokansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q843#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Pakistan" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Pakistan" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Pakistan" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&oldid=24794144" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Pakistan&id=24794144&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPakistan"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPakistan"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pakistan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_/_Pakistan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategori:Pakistan" hreflang="no"><span>Wikinytt</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q843" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" style="font-size:85%; margin:0 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Geografiske_koordinater" title="Geografiske koordinater">Koordinater</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=no&pagename=Pakistan&params=29_N_69_E_type:country_region:PK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kart, flyfoto og andre data for dette stedet"><span class="latitude">29°N</span> <span class="longitude">69°Ø</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><div id="catlinks"><p id="portlinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portaler" title="Wikipedia:Portaler">Portal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></p></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks geografi bred"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Den islamske republikken Pakistan</th></tr><tr class="hode"><th colspan="4">اسلامی جمہوریت پاکستان<br />Islami Jamahuriat Pakistan</th></tr><tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"><table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"> <p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flagg"><img alt="Flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/143px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/215px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/285px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td><td style="vertical-align:center;text-align:center;"> <p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Våpen"><img alt="Våpen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/83px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="83" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/125px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/166px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Pakistans_flagg" title="Pakistans flagg">Flagg</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pakistans_riksv%C3%A5pen" title="Pakistans riksvåpen">Riksvåpen</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center headercenter">Nasjonalt motto:</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center center"><i>Iman, Ittehad, Nazaam</i><br />(<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a>: Tro, enhet, disiplin)</td></tr><tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"> <p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pk-map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kart over Den islamske republikken Pakistan"><img alt="Kart over Den islamske republikken Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Pk-map.png/272px-Pk-map.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Pk-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="347" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Innbyggernavn" title="Innbyggernavn">Innbyggernavn</a></th><td colspan="2">Pakistaner, pakistansk‌</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Grunnlagt</th><td colspan="2">14. august 1947</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Oppkalt etter</th><td colspan="2">ikhlas, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutsjistan</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hovedstad" title="Hovedstad">Hovedstad</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tidssone" title="Tidssone">Tidssone</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC+5</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Areal" title="Areal">Areal</a><br /> – Totalt<br /> – Vann</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_verdens_stater_etter_areal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste over verdens stater etter areal">Rangert som nr. 35</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">881 913</span> km²<br />3,1 %</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Befolkning" title="Befolkning">Befolkning</a><br /> – Totalt</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_verdens_stater_etter_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste over verdens stater etter befolkningsstørrelse">Rangert som nr. 5</a><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">223 773 700</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-631187becf79dfca8d0865eec7868319d479f686-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-631187becf79dfca8d0865eec7868319d479f686-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small><i>(2021)</i></small> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Befolkningstetthet" title="Befolkningstetthet">Bef.tetthet</a></th><td colspan="2">253,74 <a href="/wiki/Innbygger" title="Innbygger">innb.</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">0,544</span> <span style="font-size:85%">(2021)</span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lesekyndighet" title="Lesekyndighet">Lesekyndighet</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">59,1</span> % <span style="font-size:85%">(2017)</span><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-43c14249c705784252c4c5a3da79558441961bfb-v2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-43c14249c705784252c4c5a3da79558441961bfb-v2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Styreform</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8derasjon" title="Føderasjon">Føderal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parlamentarisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlamentarisk">parlamentarisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamsk_republikk" title="Islamsk republikk">islamsk republikk</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_Pakistans_statsoverhoder" title="Liste over Pakistans statsoverhoder">President</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_over_Pakistans_statsministre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste over Pakistans statsministre (ikke skrevet ennå)">Statsminister</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Offisielle språk</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Uavhengighet fra</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/14._august" title="14. august">14. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Valuta</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pakistansk_rupi" title="Pakistansk rupi">Pakistansk rupi</a> <span style="font-family:monospace">(<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PKR</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Nasjonaldag</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/23._mars" title="23. mars">23. mars</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Nasjonalsang</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pak_Sar_Zameen_Shaad_Baad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pak Sar Zameen Shaad Baad (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pak Sar Zameen Shaad Baad</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="160" style="width:160px;" data-durationhint="83" data-mwtitle="Pakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Pakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg/Pakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Pakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track 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label="тоҷикӣ ‪(tg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=tt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tt" label="татарча / tatarça ‪(tt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=ur&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ur" label="اردو ‪(ur)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3APakistani_national_anthem_-_United_States_Navy_Band.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166-kode</a></th><td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PK" title="ISO 3166-2:PK">PK</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasjonalt_toppniv%C3%A5domene" title="Nasjonalt toppnivådomene">Toppnivådomene</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/.pk" title=".pk">.pk</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_landsnumre_for_telefon" title="Liste over landsnumre for telefon">Landskode for telefon</a></th><td colspan="2">+92</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Landskode for mobilnett</th><td colspan="2">410</td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pakistan">Pakistan på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Pakistan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offisielt <b>Den islamske republikken Pakistan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er en uavhengig stat i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Asia" title="Sør-Asia">Sør-Asia</a> på <a href="/wiki/Det_indiske_subkontinent" title="Det indiske subkontinent">Det indiske subkontinent</a>. Landet er det sjette <a href="/wiki/Liste_over_verdens_stater_etter_befolkningsst%C3%B8rrelse" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste over verdens stater etter befolkningsstørrelse">mest befolkede</a> landet i verden. Pakistan har en 1046 km lang kystlinje langs <a href="/wiki/Arabiahavet" title="Arabiahavet">Arabiahavet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Omanbukta" title="Omanbukta">Omanbukta</a> i sør, og grenser mot <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> i øst, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> i vest og nord, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> i sørvest og <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> lengst nordøst. Landet er adskilt fra <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a> av <a href="/wiki/Wakhankorridoren" title="Wakhankorridoren">Wakhankorridoren</a> mot nord. Pakistan deler også en <a href="/wiki/Marin_grense" title="Marin grense">marin grense</a> med Oman. Grenseområdene i <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> er et uløst stridstema med India.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det nåværende Pakistan var opprinnelig <a href="/wiki/Vest-Pakistan" title="Vest-Pakistan">Vest-Pakistan</a> som ble en selvstendig stat da føderasjonen med <a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Pakistan" title="Øst-Pakistan">Øst-Pakistan</a> ble oppløst og <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> etablert i 1971. <a href="/wiki/Dominionen_Pakistan" title="Dominionen Pakistan">Dominionen Pakistan</a> ble i 1947 skilte ut fra den britiske kolonien <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">Britisk India</a> da denne fikk uavhengighet, til en selvstendig <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">muslimsk</a> stat takket være Quaid-E-Azam <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>. Landet er delt opp i fire provinser: <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sind_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sind (Pakistan)">Sind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutsjistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>. </p><p>Hovedstaden i Pakistan er <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>. Andre store byer: <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a> og <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>. Det høyeste fjellet er <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> (8 611 moh.). Dette er også verdens nest høyeste fjell.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pakistan er et multietnisk land. 95 % av landets befolkning er muslimer. Det nasjonale språket er <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a>, i tillegg snakkes de fire provinsspråkene punjabi, pashto, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_(spr%C3%A5k)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi (språk)">sindhi</a> og baluchi. Urdu og engelsk er begge anerkjent som offisielle språk.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan har hatt en sterk befolkningsvekst.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet hadde ved uavhengigheten omkring 30 millioner innbygger og hadde omkring 235 millioner i 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra tidlig 1900-tall til 2020 økte landets befolkning med omkring 1000 %. Befolkningsveksten økte fra 2,6 % årlig rundt 1960 til 3,5 % i 1980-årene (sammenlignet med 0,3 % i Norge), hvorpå <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8dselsrate" title="Fødselsrate">fødselsraten</a> falt og dermed folkeveksten (2,5 % årlig ved år 2000). I 1980-årene ble det født rundt 7 barn for hver kvinne og ved år 2000 hadde dette falt til nær 4 barn. I 1960 var forventet levealder 43–44 år, i år 2000 rundt 61 år.<sup id="cite_ref-Feeney_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feeney-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etter at Pakistan ble en uavhengig stat, har landets historie vært preget av militærstyre, politisk ustabilitet og stadige <a href="/wiki/Indo-pakistanske_kriger_og_konflikter" title="Indo-pakistanske kriger og konflikter">konflikter med nabolandet India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet møter fortsatt utfordrende problemer som terrorisme, fattigdom, analfabetisme og korrupsjon. Pakistan var med i dannelsen av Den islamske konferanse (det nåværende <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid" title="Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid">Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid</a>), og er medlemsstat i <a href="/wiki/De_forente_nasjoner" title="De forente nasjoner">FN</a> (siden 1947),<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Samveldet av nasjoner">Samveldet av nasjoner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Eleven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Eleven (ikke skrevet ennå)">Next Eleven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rasiatiske_regionale_samarbeidsorganisasjonen" title="Den sørasiatiske regionale samarbeidsorganisasjonen">SAARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">ECO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=D-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-8 (ikke skrevet ennå)">D-8</a> og G20 for utviklingsland. Pakistan ligger i et krysningspunkt for de strategisk viktige regionene Sør-Asia, <a href="/wiki/Sentral-Asia" title="Sentral-Asia">Sentral-Asia</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vest-Asia" title="Vest-Asia">Vest-Asia</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="infobox borderless"> <caption>Pakistans nasjonalsymboler </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Nasjonaldyr</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Markhor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Markhor.jpg/50px-Markhor.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Markhor.jpg/75px-Markhor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Markhor.jpg/100px-Markhor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="403" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalfugl</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Keklik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Keklik.jpg/50px-Keklik.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Keklik.jpg/75px-Keklik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Keklik.jpg/100px-Keklik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonaltre</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg/50px-Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg/75px-Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg/100px-Pedrengo_cedro_nel_parco_Frizzoni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalblomst</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jasminum_officinale.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jasminum_officinale.JPG/50px-Jasminum_officinale.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jasminum_officinale.JPG/75px-Jasminum_officinale.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jasminum_officinale.JPG/100px-Jasminum_officinale.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalarvdyr</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Snow_Leopard_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_Leopard_13.jpg/50px-Snow_Leopard_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_Leopard_13.jpg/75px-Snow_Leopard_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Snow_Leopard_13.jpg/100px-Snow_Leopard_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalarvfugl</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG/50px-V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG/75px-V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG/100px-V%C3%A1ndors%C3%B3lyom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalt havpattedyr</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Platanista_gangetica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Platanista_gangetica.jpg/50px-Platanista_gangetica.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Platanista_gangetica.jpg/75px-Platanista_gangetica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Platanista_gangetica.jpg/100px-Platanista_gangetica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="452" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalreptil</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Persiancrocodile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Persiancrocodile.jpg/50px-Persiancrocodile.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Persiancrocodile.jpg/75px-Persiancrocodile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Persiancrocodile.jpg/100px-Persiancrocodile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="266" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalamfibie</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg/50px-Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg/75px-Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg/100px-Bufo_stomaticus04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalfrukt</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chaunsa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chaunsa.JPG/50px-Chaunsa.JPG" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chaunsa.JPG/75px-Chaunsa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chaunsa.JPG/100px-Chaunsa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalmoské</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Shah_Faisal_Mosque_(Islamabad,_Pakistan).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg/50px-Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg/75px-Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg/100px-Shah_Faisal_Mosque_%28Islamabad%2C_Pakistan%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="981" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalmausoleum</b> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalelv</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg/50px-Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg/75px-Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg/100px-Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><b>Nasjonalfjell</b> </th> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:K2,_Mount_Godwin_Austen,_Chogori,_Savage_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg/50px-K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg/75px-K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg/100px-K2%2C_Mount_Godwin_Austen%2C_Chogori%2C_Savage_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Navnet Pakistan ble konstruert i 1933 som <i>Pakstan</i> av Choudhry Rahmat Ali.<sup id="cite_ref-nowornever_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowornever-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er et <a href="/wiki/Akronym" title="Akronym">akronym</a> for de fem nordlige regionene av <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">britisk Sør-Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab"><b>P</b>unjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"><b>A</b>fghania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir"><b>K</b>ashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sind_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sind (Pakistan)"><b>S</b>ind</a> og <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutsjis<b>tan</b></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Now_or_Never_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Now_or_Never-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ikram1995_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ikram1995-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Så ble <b>i</b>-en lagt til for å lette uttale og for å forme et meningsfullt språklig ord.<sup id="cite_ref-davison_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davison-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En annen etymologi er at navnet Pakistan betyr «de renes land» på urdu, fra persisk پاک (transkriberes pak).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan har totalt et areal som er 803 940 km² stort, litt mindre enn <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> og <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a> til sammen. Pakistan har utstrekning mellom 25° og 37° nord og 60 og 70° øst.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pakistan ligger i Sør-Asia og er av og til regnet som del av det utvidede <a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten">Midtøsten</a>. I sør ligger <a href="/wiki/Arabiahavet" title="Arabiahavet">Arabiahavet</a> som Pakistan har 1046 km kystlinje til. Øst for Pakistan ligger <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> med en grense på 2912 km. I vest ligger <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> som deler 909 km med grense. I nordvest ligger <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> med 2430 km grense. <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> ligger i nordøst med 523 km grense. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peshawardalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peshawardalen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Peshawardalen</a> i nord danner inngangen til <a href="/wiki/Khyberpasset" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyberpasset">Khyberpasset</a> med forbindelse til Afghanistan. Veien mellom Kabul og Peshawar går gjennom dette passet som i mange hundre år har vært viktig vei mellom øst og vest.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hovedstaden Islamabad er en relativt liten by anlagt i 1961. Karachi er landets største by og har vært en verdens raskest voskende byer. Karachi var hovedstad fra 1947 til 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I hver provins ligger det hovedbyer av en viss størrelse: I Punjab den gamle byen Lahore samt <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a> og <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>; nord i landet er Peshawar den viktigste byen; i Balutsjistan ligger den noe mindre byen <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>; og i Sind ligger Hyderabad.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landformer_og_natur">Landformer og natur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Landformer og natur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Landformer og natur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Topografisk består landet av fire hovedområder:<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Grenseområdene i nordvest med <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalayas</a> vestligste gren med fjellkjeden <a href="/wiki/Hindukush" title="Hindukush">Hindukush</a>. De høyeste fjellene er på 5000 til 7500 meter, sør for Khyberpasset går fjellene opp til 2500 meter over havet.</li> <li>Balutsjistan og de sørvestlige områdene består av kalksteinsbergarter med fjell over 3000 meter og ved grensen mot Iran dominerer sandsteinsberg. Disse områdene er til dels svært ugjestmilde.</li> <li>Sind er Pakistans ene lavlandsområde og omfatter den sørligste delen av Indus-bekkenet i form av en helt flat slette uten forhøyninger samt Indus-deltaet. Havet kan strømme inntil 30 kilometer inn i landet og skape store ødeleggelser.</li> <li>Lavlandet Punjab er Pakistans sentrale område. Dette er hovedsakelig et flatt og lavt område stort sett under 175 meter over havet.</li></ul> <p>Indussletten utgjør store deler av landet. I sørøst er det ørken og i nord/nordvest er høyfjell blant verdens høyeste. Det er mer nedbør i fjellene enn i lavlandet.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rundt Indus er det store fruktbare sletter i midtre deler av landet (Punjab) mens det i sør er ørkenområder. Indus munning i havet danner et stort <a href="/wiki/Delta_(landform)" title="Delta (landform)">delta</a> preget av <a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">sumper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De nordlige og vestlige delene av Pakistan, deriblant de Pakistanskstyrte områdene av <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, er fjellrike og inneholder noen av de høyeste fjellene i verden. Her ligger den vestligste delen av <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> med <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> (8125 <a href="/wiki/Moh." class="mw-redirect" title="Moh.">moh.</a>), i tillegg til fjellkjedene <a href="/wiki/Karakorum_(fjellkjede)" title="Karakorum (fjellkjede)">Karakorum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> og deler av <a href="/wiki/Pamir" title="Pamir">Pamir</a>. Karakoram har mer enn 60 fjell som strekker seg over 7000 meter over havet. Fire av disse er over 8000 meter, deriblant <a href="/wiki/K2" title="K2">K2</a> (8611 moh.), verdens nest høyeste fjell. </p><p>Nordlige Pakistan pleier å få mer regn enn de sørlige delene av landet og har områder av bevarte fuktige tempererte skoger. I sørøst passerer Pakistans grenser med India gjennom en flat <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rken" title="Ørken">ørken</a>, som blir kalt <i>Cholistan</i> eller <i>Thar</i>-ørkenen. Det vestlige sentral-Balutsjistan har et høyt ørkenplatå, avgrenset av lave fjellrekker. Mesteparten av Punjab, og deler av Sind, er fruktbare sletter hvor landbruk er av stor betydning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetasjon">Vegetasjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vegetasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vegetasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er for en stor del beskjeden naturlig vegetasjon i Pakistan. I Balutsjistan er det spredte tørre busker i sanddynene og grusslettene, mens <a href="/wiki/Einer" title="Einer">einer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Oliven" title="Oliven">oliven</a> vokser i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulaimanfjellene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulaimanfjellene (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sulaimanfjellene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedertre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedertre">sedertre</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kristtorn" title="Kristtorn">kristtorn</a> finnes i fjellene i nordvest; i de nordlige dalførene vokser det løvtrær blant annet <a href="/wiki/Platan" class="mw-redirect" title="Platan">platan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Poppelslekten" title="Poppelslekten">poppel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elver">Elver</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Elver" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Elver"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg/250px-Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg/375px-Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg/500px-Sukkur_Barrage_in_daylight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>-deminingen brukes til å reguler vannstrømmen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den viktigste vannåren i Pakistan er <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>-elven som begynner i Himalaya og renner delvis gjennom <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> før den krysser grensen over til Pakistan. Den flyter gjennom alle Pakistans provinser med unntak av <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutjistan</a>. Flere større elver (<a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beas" class="mw-redirect" title="Beas">Beas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravi_(elv)" title="Ravi (elv)">Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chenab_(elv)" title="Chenab (elv)">Chenab</a> og <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_(elv)" title="Jhelum (elv)">Jhelum</a>), sammenbundet av verdens største system av landbrukskanaler, renner ut i Indus før den flyter ut i <a href="/wiki/Det_arabiske_hav" class="mw-redirect" title="Det arabiske hav">Det arabiske hav</a> nær Karachi. Indus renner mellom <a href="/wiki/Thar" title="Thar">Thar</a>-ørknene og Balutsjistan før den når havet.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hele Pakistan blir drenert av Indus-vassdraget. Vannføringen varierer sterkt i løpet av året for eksempel ved Sukkur-demningen ble i forbindelse med flommen i juli-august 1973 målt 25 000 m<sup>3</sup>/s, mot 500 m<sup>3</sup>/s ved liten vannføring. Noen sideelver kommer fra India og det har derfor vært vanskelig å komme til en ordning med regulering av vannføringen.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima">Klima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klima"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan er for en stor del subtropisk med stor forskjeller gjennom døgnet og året. I Sind kan temperaturen om sommeren komme opp i 50° <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a>. I den lavere delen av Peshawar-dalen er middeltemperaturen på 10° C og det forekommer frost om vinteren. I fjellområdene er høyde over havet avgjørende for temperatureforholdene og feriebyer («<a href="/wiki/Hill_Station" title="Hill Station">fjellstasjoner</a>») har blitt anlagt på steder med moderate sommertemperaturer.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den 26. mai 2010 ble det målt 53,5° <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad Celsius">C</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro">Mohenjo-Daro</a>. Ikke bare er dette den høyeste temperaturen som er registrert i Pakistan, men også den høyeste pålitelig målte temperaturen som er registrert på kontinentet Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siden Pakistan ligger på en stor landmasse nord for <a href="/wiki/Krepsens_vendekrets" title="Krepsens vendekrets">Krepsens vendekrets</a> (mellom 25° og 35° nord) har landet et <a href="/wiki/Innlandsklima" title="Innlandsklima">kontinentalklima</a> preget av ekstreme variasjoner i temperatur, både sesongmessig og daglig. På grunn av landets <a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografi</a> kan klimaet variere likevel fra <a href="/wiki/Tropisk_klima" title="Tropisk klima">tropisk</a> til <a href="/wiki/Temperert_klima" title="Temperert klima">temperert</a>, med tørre forhold langs kysten i sør. </p><p>Klimaet er sterkt preget av <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">monsunen</a>. I sommerhalvåret er det overveiende vind fra sør og i vinterhalvåret fra nordvest og nordøst; de store fjellene i nord skjermer mot den kald luft fra indre høylandet i Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er en <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">monsunsesong</a> med hyppige oversvømmelser som følge av kraftig regn, og en tørr sesong med betydelig mindre eller ingen nedbør i det hele tatt. Det er fire årstider: en kjølig, tørr vinter fra desember til februar, en varm, tørr vår fra mars til mai, sommeren får regntiden fra juni til september, og den trekker går over til monsunperioden i oktober og november. Veldig store høyder påvirker klimaet i de kalde, snødekte fjellene i nord, temperaturene på <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan" title="Balutsjistan">Balutsjistanplatået</a> er noe høyere. Langs kyststripen påvirkes klimaet av vinder fra havet. I resten av landet kan temperaturene nå store høyder om sommeren, middeltemperaturen i løpet av juni er 38 °C på slettene og maksimumstemperaturen kan overstige 47 °C. Om sommeren blåser varme vinder kalt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loovind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loovind (ikke skrevet ennå)">Loovind</a> over slettene i løpet av dagen. Trærne kaster bladene for å unngå tap av fuktighet. Det tørre, varme været brytes tidvis av støvstormer og tordenvær som midlertidig senker temperaturen. Om kvelden er det kjølig, variasjon i temperaturen på dagtid kan være så mye som 11° til 17 °C. Vintrene er kalde med minimum middeltemperatur i Punjab på ca 4 °C i januar, og minusgrader i nord og <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan" title="Balutsjistan">Balutsjistan</a>. </p> <table style="background:#efefef; border: 1px solid #b5b5b5; margin-bottom:.5em; margin-top:.5em;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:90%; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Klimadata for Islamabad (1961–1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Måned </th> <th><abbr title="Januar">Jan</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Februar">Feb</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Mars">Mar</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="April">Apr</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Mai">Mai</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Juni">Jun</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Juli">Jul</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="August">Aug</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="September">Sep</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Oktober">Okt</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="November">Nov</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Desember">Des</abbr> </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">År </th></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Varmerekord °C </th> <td style="background:#FF6A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">26.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF4F00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF3300;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">34.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF0600;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">40.6 </td> <td style="background:#C60000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">45.6 </td> <td style="background:#C00000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">46.0 </td> <td style="background:#D60000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">44.4 </td> <td style="background:#F80000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">42.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF1700;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF1700;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF4000;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">32.2 </td> <td style="background:#FF6200;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.2 </td> <td style="background:#C00000;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">46 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Normal maks. temp. °C </th> <td style="background:#FFA851;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF9A35;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF7900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF4E00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.1 </td> <td style="background:#FF2A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF1300;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">38.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF2C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">35.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF3700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF3700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">33.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF4900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">30.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF6E00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">25.4 </td> <td style="background:#FF962D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF5900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">28,5 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Døgnmiddeltemp. °C </th> <td style="background:#FFD8B1;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">10.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFCA96;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">12.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFA954;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.9 </td> <td style="background:#FF8205;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.6 </td> <td style="background:#FF6000;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF4600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">31.2 </td> <td style="background:#FF5100;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">29.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF5900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">28.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF6300;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">27.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF8308;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">22.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFAC59;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">16.5 </td> <td style="background:#FFCE9D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">21,34 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Normal min. temp. °C </th> <td style="background:#F4F4FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">2.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFAF6;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFD9B4;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">9.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFB66E;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FF962D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">19.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF7A00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.7 </td> <td style="background:#FF7600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">24.3 </td> <td style="background:#FF7C00;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">23.5 </td> <td style="background:#FF9021;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">20.6 </td> <td style="background:#FFBE7D;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.9 </td> <td style="background:#FFEAD5;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">7.5 </td> <td style="background:#F9F9FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">3.4 </td> <td style="background:#FFBC7A;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">14,1 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Kulderekord °C </th> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−3.9 </td> <td style="background:#DCDCFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">-2.0 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−0.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFF3E8;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">6.1 </td> <td style="background:#FFD2A5;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFB66E;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFA347;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.8 </td> <td style="background:#FFA852;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFC285;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">13.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFF6EE;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">5.7 </td> <td style="background:#E3E3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−0.6 </td> <td style="background:#D7D7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">−2.8 </td> <td style="background:#D1D1FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">−3,9 </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16">Nedbør (mm) </th> <td style="background:#ABABFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">56.1 </td> <td style="background:#8686FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">73.5 </td> <td style="background:#7979FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">89.8 </td> <td style="background:#9F9FFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">61.8 </td> <td style="background:#C4C4FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">39.2 </td> <td style="background:#9F9FFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">62.2 </td> <td style="background:#000070;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">267.0 </td> <td style="background:#000030;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">309.9 </td> <td style="background:#6767FF;color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">98.2 </td> <td style="background:#D3D3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">29.3 </td> <td style="background:#E3E3FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">17.8 </td> <td style="background:#C7C7FF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">37.3 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th height="16" style="font-size:90%">Normal månedlige solskinnstimer </th> <td style="background:#D6D600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">195.3 </td> <td style="background:#D9D900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">189.3 </td> <td style="background:#D8D800;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">201.5 </td> <td style="background:#E5E500;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">252.0 </td> <td style="background:#F1F112;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">313.1 </td> <td style="background:#F0F011;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">300.0 </td> <td style="background:#E6E600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">263.5 </td> <td style="background:#E3E300;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">251.1 </td> <td style="background:#E7E700;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">261.0 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">275.9 </td> <td style="background:#E4E400;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">249.0 </td> <td style="background:#D6D600;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center;">195.3 </td> <td style="background:#E3E300;color:#000000; font-size:85%;text-align:center; border-left-width:medium">2 947,0 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width:90%; font-size:95%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left" width="182px"> Diagram </th> <td colspan="12" width="480px" align="right" style="font-size:90%;"> • <i>Kilde: HKO <sup id="cite_ref-HKO_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HKO-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td width="181px"> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-right:none;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:22px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>56</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:150px; height:58px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:208px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>17</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:137px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>3</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:29px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>74</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:160px; height:56px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:216px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>19</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:147px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>5</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:36px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>90</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:180px; height:56px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:236px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>24</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:167px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>10</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:25px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>62</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:200px; height:60px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:260px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>30</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:187px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>15</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:16px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>39</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:219px; height:62px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:281px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>35</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:206px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>20</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:25px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>62</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:235px; height:60px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:295px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>39</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:222px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>24</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:107px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>267</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:237px; height:43px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:280px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>35</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:224px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>24</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:124px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>310</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:234px; height:40px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:274px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>33</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:221px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>24</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:39px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>98</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:222px; height:52px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:274px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>34</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:209px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>21</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:12px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>29</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:196px; height:68px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:264px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>31</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:183px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>14</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="66px" style="background:white; border-top:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-bottom:1px solid #b5b5b5;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:7px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>18</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:170px; height:72px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:242px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>25</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:157px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>8</small></div> </div> </td> <td width="65px" style="background:white; border:1px solid #b5b5b5; border-left:none;"> <div style="width:60px; height:320px; position:relative; z-index:100; padding:0; margin:0;"> <div style="height:120px; bottom:20px; width:60px; position:absolute; left:0; border-top:dotted 1px silver; border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc; z-index:1; padding:0; margin:0;"> </div> <div style="background:#ace; position:absolute; bottom:20px; left:13px; width:35px; height:15px; z-index:3; overflow:hidden;"> </div> <div style="color:blue; position:absolute; bottom:5px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center;"><small>37</small></div> <div style="overflow:hidden; background:#e8e8e8; position:absolute; left:12px; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid blue; width:35px; z-index:4; bottom:154px; height:65px;"> </div> <div style="position:absolute; margin-bottom:5px; bottom:219px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4;"><small>20</small></div> <div style="position:absolute; bottom:141px; left:0; width:60px; height:15px; text-align:center; z-index:4"><small>3</small></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Landskap og klima</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nanga_parbat,_fairy_medow,_Pak_by_gul791.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Utsikt mot Nanga Parbat med barskog i forgrunnen."><img alt="Utsikt mot Nanga Parbat med barskog i forgrunnen." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg/120px-Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg/180px-Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg/240px-Nanga_parbat%2C_fairy_medow%2C_Pak_by_gul791.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Utsikt mot <a href="/wiki/Nanga_Parbat" title="Nanga Parbat">Nanga Parbat</a> med <a href="/wiki/Barskog" title="Barskog">barskog</a> i forgrunnen. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Manorastranden nær Karachi."><img alt="Manorastranden nær Karachi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG/120px-Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG/180px-Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG/240px-Manora_Beach_1100641.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="1541" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Manorastranden nær <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:MangoTree.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mangoplantasje i Multan."><img alt="Mangoplantasje i Multan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MangoTree.jpeg/120px-MangoTree.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MangoTree.jpeg/180px-MangoTree.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/MangoTree.jpeg/240px-MangoTree.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mangoplantasje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Thar_Khuri.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tharørkenen mellom Pakistan og India."><img alt="Tharørkenen mellom Pakistan og India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thar_Khuri.jpg/120px-Thar_Khuri.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thar_Khuri.jpg/180px-Thar_Khuri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Thar_Khuri.jpg/240px-Thar_Khuri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2878" data-file-height="1923" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thar" title="Thar">Tharørkenen</a> mellom Pakistan og <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Demografi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sosiale_forhold">Sosiale forhold</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sosiale forhold" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sosiale forhold"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1982 var <a href="/wiki/Forventet_levealder" title="Forventet levealder">forventet levealder</a> 59 år mens Norge hadde 76 år; <a href="/wiki/Spedbarnsd%C3%B8delighet" title="Spedbarnsdødelighet">spedbarnsdødeligheten</a> var 131 per 1000 levendefødte (omtrent som India og Sudan) mot 8 for Norge. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legetetthet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legetetthet (ikke skrevet ennå)">Legetettheten</a> var 1 lege per 3200 innbyggere, mot 1 per 500 i Norge og 1 per 270 i <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a>. I 1981 kunne 26 % av innbyggerne lese og skrive, mot 99 % eller høyere i Nord-Europa og Sovjetunionen.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1961 kunne 24 % av mennene lese og skrive, mens blant kvinnene var andelen 7 %.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Balutsjistan var analfabetismen på 98 % i 1950-årene.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analfabetisme har vært svært utbredt og på nivå med de aller fattigste landene i verden. Spedbarnsdødeligheten har vært blant den høyeste i verden.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pakistan_population_density.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pakistan_population_density.png/250px-Pakistan_population_density.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pakistan_population_density.png/375px-Pakistan_population_density.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pakistan_population_density.png/500px-Pakistan_population_density.png 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="5056" /></a><figcaption>Befolkningstetthet i Pakistan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kalasha_women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kalasha_women.jpg/250px-Kalasha_women.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kalasha_women.jpg/375px-Kalasha_women.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Kalasha_women.jpg/500px-Kalasha_women.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalash-folket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalash-folket (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kalash-folket</a> i det nordlige Pakistan har unike tradisjoner og egen religion.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folketall">Folketall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Folketall" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Folketall"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per 2023 hadde Pakistan 247 millioner innbyggere, og var med dette verdens femte største befolkning, etter Indonesia, men foran Brasil.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landets befolkningsvekst på 2 prosent per år er høyest blant <a href="/wiki/Den_s%C3%B8rasiatiske_regionale_samarbeidsorganisasjonen" title="Den sørasiatiske regionale samarbeidsorganisasjonen">SAARCs</a> medlemsland, og utgjør en årlig befolkningsvekst på 3,6 millioner innbyggere. Pakistans innbyggertall var estimert til å nå 210 millioner innbyggere i 2020, og dobling fra 2012 til 2045. I 1947 hadde Pakistan 32,5 millioner innbyggere.<sup id="cite_ref-young_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2022 hadde folketallet nådd 235 millioner.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra 1990 til 2009 var befolkningsveksten 57,2 prosent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er forventet at Pakistan vil ha passert <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> som det største landet med en majoritet av muslimske innbyggere i 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan har en relativ ung befolkning; 104 millioner av landets innbyggere var i 2010 under tretti år, og median for innbyggernes alder er 22 år. Pakistans <a href="/wiki/Samlet_fruktbarhetstall" title="Samlet fruktbarhetstall">samlede fruktbarhetstall</a> er 3,07, og er dermed høyere enn for nabolandene <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (2,57) og <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (1,73). Om lag 35 prosent av Pakistans innbyggere er under 15 år.<sup id="cite_ref-young_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1971 var 45 % av befolkningen under 15 år. I 1972 ble det anslått at befolkningen ville nå 170 millioner ved år 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Burki1973_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burki1973-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Folketettheten i Pakistan er omtrent som tett befolkede områder av Vest-Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Befolkningen er særlig konsentrert i de fruktbare områdene rundt Indus og de stor sidelvene. Pakistanske myndigheter har fremmet familiplanlegging for å senke fødsesltallene.<sup id="cite_ref-kulturgeografi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulturgeografi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Punjab (<a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>-området) og Karachi-området er særlig tett befolket. Store deler av det sørlige Balutsjistan er svært tynt befolket og til dels ubebodd. I 1961 bodde knapt ¼ av innbyggerne i byer, og urbaniseringen økte sterkt etter uavhengigheten. De fleste tilflytterne fra indiske side av grensen slo seg ned i de store byene. Særlig Karachi hadde en voldsomt vekst fra under en halv million i 1947 til 3,5 millioner i 1972 og 15 millioner i 2022 (og med det en av <a href="/wiki/Liste_over_byer_etter_innbyggertall" title="Liste over byer etter innbyggertall">verdens mest folkerike byer</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storbyområdet ble i 2011 anslått til 21 millioner.<sup id="cite_ref-Gayer_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gayer-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karachis folkevekst fra 1947 er den raskeste som er registrert for noen storby. Det første tiåret var det muslimer som flyktet fra India slik at Karachi gikk fra å være hindudominert til å ha nesten utelukkende muslimske innbyggere; samtidig ble urdu det dominernede språket mens <a href="/wiki/Sindi_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Sindi (språk)">sindi</a> tidligere var i flertall. Senere var det for en stor del arbeidssøkende av punjabi og <a href="/wiki/Pasjtunere" title="Pasjtunere">pasjtunsk</a> bakgrunn som flyttet til byen. På 1980-tallet kom en stor del pasjtunske flyktninger fra Afghanistan til Karachi.<sup id="cite_ref-Gayer_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gayer-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Befolkning i millioner </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>År</th> <th>Folketall<sup id="cite_ref-Feeney_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feeney-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-young_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burki1973_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burki1973-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1901</td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td>49 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td>56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975</td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983</td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>91 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>108 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>126<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td>125 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>142 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023</td> <td>247 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I forbindelse med uavhengigheten og adskillelsen fra India innvandret i siste del av 1947 omkring 7,5 millioner fra indisk side av grensen og 5,5 ikke-muslimer utvandret; det var særlig knyttet til delingen av Punjab. Dette er en av største folkeforflytningene i moderne tid, ved siden av <a href="/wiki/Fordrivelsen_av_tyskere_etter_annen_verdenskrig" title="Fordrivelsen av tyskere etter annen verdenskrig">fordrivelsen av tyskere etter annen verdenskrig</a>. Etter uavhengigheten gjennomgikk Karachi en rask industrialisering og befolkningen der vokste 144 % på ti år. Den første folketellingen etter frigjøringen ble avholdt i 1951 og konkluderte med 43 millioner innbyggere, 27 % høyere enn i 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-kulturgeografi_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kulturgeografi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burki1973_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burki1973-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Majoriteten av det sørlige Pakistans innbyggere bor langs elven <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>. Pakistan har om lag <a href="/wiki/Liste_over_byer_i_Pakistan" title="Liste over byer i Pakistan">100 byer</a> med over 100 000 innbyggere, og den mest folkerike er <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I den nordlige halvdelen av landet er befolkningen kosentrert langs en bue av byer, bestående av <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujrat" title="Gujrat">Gujrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargodha" title="Sargodha">Sargodha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura" title="Sheikhupura">Sheikhupura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nowshera" title="Nowshera">Nowshera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mardan" title="Mardan">Mardan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>. I perioden 1990 til 2008 utgjorde innbyggerne i byene 36 prosent av landets befolkning. Pakistan er dermed det mest urbaniserte landet i det sørlige Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-young_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-young-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ciafactbook_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciafactbook-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50 prosent av Pakistans innbyggere bor dessuten i tettbygde områder med 5 000 eller flere innbyggere.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folkegrupper">Folkegrupper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Folkegrupper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Folkegrupper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg/250px-Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg/375px-Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg/500px-Bhangra_Dance_punjab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Punjabi folkedans.</figcaption></figure> <p>Etnisk regnes størstedelen av befolkningen som indo-ariske. <a href="/wiki/Brahui" title="Brahui">Brahuistammen</a> i nordvest taler et <a href="/wiki/Dravidisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidisk">dravidisk</a> språk (som eller brukes i Sør-India og på Sri Lanka) og det antas at brahuiene og deres språk ble værende etter at indo-ariske stammer fortrengte eller assimilerte de øvrige.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi">Punjabiere</a> utgjør den største etniske gruppen i landet, med <a href="/wiki/Pashtun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun">pashtunere</a> som nummer to. Andre viktige etniske grupper er <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a>-talende, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seraik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seraik (ikke skrevet ennå)">seraikere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhere" title="Sindhere">sindhere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">hindkowaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">kasjmirere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balutsjere" title="Balutsjere">balutsjere</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhaj (ikke skrevet ennå)">muhajere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er også er et lite antall <a href="/wiki/Brahui" title="Brahui">brahuiere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">bengalere</a> <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Befolkningen i fjellområdene i nord er etnisk forbundet med Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punjaberne har lenge dominert militæret og statsadministrasjonen.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Språk"><span id="Spr.C3.A5k"></span>Språk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Språk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Språk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> og <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a> er begge anerkjente som offisielle språk i Pakistan. Engelsk brukes over hele landet.<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urdu blir snakket av mange, men er morsmålet til bare 8 %. Engelsk brukes til offisielle formål, i administrasjonen, i næringslivet og av den utdannede, urbane eliten. Urdu er kommunikasjonsspråket (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca#I_betydningen_'fellesspråk'" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>) blant folket. Utenom disse snakker nesten alle pakistanere beslektede indoeuropeiske språk. De vanligste er <a href="/wiki/Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi">punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pashto" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto">pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persisk" title="Persisk">persisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_(spr%C3%A5k)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhi (språk)">sindhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">hindko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balutsji_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Balutsji (språk)">balutsji</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Religion"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majoriteten av befolkningen er <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">muslimer</a>, 95-97 % av befolkningen tilhører <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. De fleste muslimene i Pakistan er <a href="/wiki/Sunni_islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni islam">sunnimuslimer</a> (75 %) og <a href="/wiki/Sjiaislam" title="Sjiaislam">sjiamuslimer</a> (20 %), selv om et antall mindre sekter eksisterer. Pakistan har en liten ikke-muslimsk befolkning, for det meste bestående av <a href="/wiki/Sikher" title="Sikher">sikher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">kristne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" title="Hinduisme">hinduer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animister</a> i de fjerne nordlige områdene. Islam er en viktig fellesskapsfaktor i landet, samtidig er det vesentlige forskjeller i livsstil mellom stammer og områder. Det er også forskjeller mellom by og land, og store økonomiske forskjeller.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utdannelse">Utdannelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Utdannelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Utdannelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Fil:UIS_Literacy_Rate_Pakistan_population_plus15_1980_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/UIS_Literacy_Rate_Pakistan_population_plus15_1980_2015.png" decoding="async" width="397" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Lesekyndighet hos voksne i Pakistan 1980–2015. Kilde: <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Liste_over_kriger_Pakistan_har_deltatt_i" title="Liste over kriger Pakistan har deltatt i">Liste over kriger Pakistan har deltatt i</a></i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forhistorie">Forhistorie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forhistorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forhistorie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Induskulturen" title="Induskulturen">Induskulturen</a></i></div> <p>Pakistan inngår i <a href="/wiki/Det_indiske_subkontinentet" class="mw-redirect" title="Det indiske subkontinentet">det indiske subkontinentet</a> hvor avanserte sivilisasjoner kan spores tilbake til 4000 år f.Kr. i form av <a href="/wiki/Induskulturen" title="Induskulturen">Induskulturen</a>. Persiske styrker erobret området 500 år f.Kr. og senere kom området under indisk og arabisk styre. I perioden 700–1000 gikk området helt over til islam og inngikk i et rike med sentrum i <a href="/wiki/Dehli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehli">Dehli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dagens Pakistan deler sin historie med <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (se <a href="/wiki/Indias_historie" title="Indias historie">Indias historie</a>). Området ligger mellom <a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten">Midtøsten</a> og <a href="/wiki/Indusdalen" title="Indusdalen">Indusdalens</a> silvilisasjon og grenser til <a href="/wiki/Sentral-Asia" title="Sentral-Asia">Sentral-Asia</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a> ble Pakistan erobret av mange grupper, blant andre <a href="/wiki/Akamenide-dynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Akamenide-dynastiet">perserne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">grekere</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresk-baktrianere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresk-baktrianere (ikke skrevet ennå)">gresk-baktrianere</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushaner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushaner (ikke skrevet ennå)">kushaner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunere" title="Hunere">hunere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Skytia" title="Skytia">skytere</a>. Pakistan er delvis separert fra resten av <a href="/wiki/Indiske_subkontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiske subkontinent">subkontinentet</a> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutchranden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kutchranden (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kutchranden</a> og den 800 km lange <a href="/wiki/Thar-%C3%B8rkenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Thar-ørkenen">Thar-ørkenen</a>, derfor gikk ikke mange av disse gruppene inn i moderne <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> I vesten ble «India» lenge brukt som fellesbetegnelse for hele det store området fra Iran til Kina, inkludert Indonesia og Filippinene. Pakistan regnes naturgeografisk med i det indiske subkontinentet.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_den_store" title="Aleksander den store">Aleksander den store</a> nedkjempet <a href="/wiki/Porus" class="mw-redirect" title="Porus">Porus</a> ved <a href="/wiki/Slaget_om_Hydaspeselven" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaget om Hydaspeselven">slaget om Hydaspeselven</a> (nær dagens <a href="/wiki/Jhelum" title="Jhelum">Jhelum</a> i Pakistan) og erobret mye av <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>. Greske kolonister slo seg ned ved <a href="/wiki/Khyber" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber">Khyber</a>-passet og i Punjab. <a href="/wiki/Seleukide-dynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleukide-dynastiet">Seleukidene</a> styrte området frem til den østlige delen rev seg løs og dannet det <a href="/wiki/Gresk-bactriske_konged%C3%B8mmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk-bactriske kongedømmet">gresk-bactriske kongedømmet</a> i det 3.århundret f.Kr. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islams</a> fremvekst så ankomsten til <a href="/wiki/Arabere" title="Arabere">arabere</a> og sentralasiatiske <a href="/wiki/Tyrkere" title="Tyrkere">tyrkere</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sufismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufismen">Sufismen</a> spredte seg fra Sentral-Asia som appellerte til den buddhistiske befolkningen i Pakistan. Gradvis ble befolkningen omvendt til islam. Fra midten av 1500-tallet ble Pakistan del av <a href="/wiki/Mugal-riket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mugal-riket">mugal-riket</a> som for en tid hadde hovedstaden i <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selvstendighet">Selvstendighet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Selvstendighet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Selvstendighet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Delingen_av_Britisk_India" title="Delingen av Britisk India">Delingen av Britisk India</a> og <a href="/wiki/Den_f%C3%B8rste_indisk-pakistanske_krig" title="Den første indisk-pakistanske krig">Den første indisk-pakistanske krig</a></i></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Britene</a> erobret mesteparten av Pakistan i midten av det 19.århundret og det forble del av <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">Britisk India</a> inntil <a href="/wiki/14._august" title="14. august">14. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>. I begynnelsen av 1900-årene begynte en bevegelse å ta form som ønsket å opprette en egen stat for muslimene i <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">Britisk India</a>. Blant de første som krevde en egen muslimsk stat var forfatteren og filosofen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allama_Iqbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allama Iqbal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Allama Iqbal</a> som i en tale til den <a href="/wiki/Muslimske_liga" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslimske liga">muslimske liga</a> i 1939 sa at han følte en separat nasjon for muslimene var essensielt i et ellers <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">hindu</a>-dominert subkontinent. Sindh-forsamlingen gjorde det til et krav i 1935 i en resolusjon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg/250px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg/375px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg/500px-Photograph_of_President_Truman_and_Prime_Minister_Liaquat_Ali_Khan_of_Pakistan_in_Washington_during_the_Prime..._-_NARA_-_200197.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2410" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a> sammen USAs president <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (til venstre), <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." title="Washington D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, 3. mai 1950.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Abbie Rowe </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg/250px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg/375px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg/500px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_wearing_her_Coronation_robes_and_regalia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_av_Storbritannia" title="Elizabeth II av Storbritannia">Elizabeth II av Storbritannia</a> var Pakistans monark fra hun tiltrådte i 1952 til grunnloven av 1956. Foto fra 1953 der Pakistans symboler (hvete, bomull og <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a>) brodert inn i kroningsantrekket (<i>coronation gown</i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> kalte <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> sammen en generalforsamling i <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> for å diskutere situasjonen som oppstod da regjeringen i <a href="/wiki/Britisk_India" title="Britisk India">Britisk India</a> sluttet seg til <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdenskrig" title="Andre verdenskrig">andre verdenskrig</a> uten å rådføre seg med de ikke-britiske lederne. Generalforsamlingen ble enige om en resolusjon som også sa at «de områdene hvor muslimer er i flertall, som i det nordvestlige og østlige sonene av India, burde utgjøre <i>uavhengige stater</i> hvor de konstitusjonelle enhetene skal være autonome og suverene». Jinnahs bevegelse var særlig bygget på støtte fra vestpakistanske godseiere og motstand mot <a href="/wiki/Kongresspartiet" title="Kongresspartiet">Kongresspartiet</a>. Jinnah døde i 1948 og ble etterfulgt av <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a> som ble myrdet i 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Bjol352_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjol352-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour">Labour</a>-regjeringen i London ønsket i 1945 å gi Britisk India selvstendighet. <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka) ble selvstendig samtidig med India og Pakistan. Burma ble selvstendig i 1948 og gikk ut av Samveldet.<sup id="cite_ref-Stang1961_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stang1961-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det bor over 1 million personer av pakistansk opphav i Storbritannia, den tidligere kolonimakten.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den nye statens ledere var for en stor del innvandret fra India med liten kontakt og oppslutning befolkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-det20_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-det20-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navnet ble satt sammen av den muslimske nasjonalisten og <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>-studenten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choudhary Rahmat Ali (ikke skrevet ennå)">Choudhary Rahmat Ali</a>. Han så på navnet som et akronym laget av navnene til muslimene i Sør-Asia. P for <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, A for de <a href="/wiki/Pashtoer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtoer">afghanske</a> områdene, K for <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>, S for <a href="/wiki/Sind_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sind (Pakistan)">Sindh</a> og <i>tan</i> for <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan" title="Balutsjistan">Balutsjistan</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> En «I» ble senere lagt til den engelske utgaven for å lette uttalen.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Senere fanget en også de <a href="/wiki/Persisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Persisk språk">persiske</a> betydningene fra ordene «pak» (<i>ren</i>) og «stan» (<i>land</i> eller <i>hjem</i>) som dermed ga betydningen «de renes land».<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Da britene ga uavhengighet i august 1947 sluttet de to landene seg til <a href="/wiki/Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Samveldet av nasjoner">Det britiske samveldet</a> som selvstyrende områder.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I dagene med uavhengighet migrerte mer enn to millioner mennesker over den nye grensen og mer enn 100 000 døde. Pakistans uavhengighet ble vunnet gjennom en demokratisk og konstitusjonell kamp. Selv om landet har hatt delte erfaringer med parlamentarisk demokrati, har Pakistan vendt tilbake til denne styreformen. Pakistans politisk historie er delt inn i vekslende perioder med autoritære militærregimer og demokratiske sivile/parlamentarisk valgte regjeringer. I tillegg har Pakistan vært i konstant konflikt med India over territoriet <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir,</a> og til tider med <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> over <a href="/wiki/Durand-linjen" title="Durand-linjen">Durand-linjen</a>. </p><p>Ved uavhengigheten forble <a href="/wiki/Den_britiske_monarken" title="Den britiske monarken">den britiske monarken</a> landets statsoverhode representert ved en <a href="/wiki/Generalguvern%C3%B8rer_og_visekonger_av_India" title="Generalguvernører og visekonger av India">generalguvernør</a> som var fungerende statsoverhode. Ved uavhengigheten fortsatte Pakistan å bruke den britiske Government of India Act (1935) som forfatning inntil landet fikk utarbeidet sin egen grunnlov; dermed fortsatte Pakistan et konstitusjonelt monarki og <i><a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a></i> i samveldet.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinnah var den første generalguvernøren og som «landsfader» styrte han med særlig autoritet. Jinnahs raskt sviktende helse gjorde at han i praksis ikke var så involvert i styringen av landet som han hadde tenkt.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten" title="Louis Mountbatten">Louis Mountbatten</a>, den siste <a href="/wiki/Visekonge_av_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Visekonge av India">visekonge av India</a>, skal planlagt å selv bli generalguvernør av Pakistan, men Jinnah ville selv ha dette vervet.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grunnlov_av_1956">Grunnlov av 1956</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grunnlov av 1956" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grunnlov av 1956"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1954 oppløste generalguvernør Ghulam Mohammad grunnlovsforsamlingen og innførte unntakstilstand, og i 1955 ble det innkalt en ny grunnlovgivende forsamling. Militæret tvang i 1955 Ghulam Mohammad og statsminister Mohammad Ali til å gå av og <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Mirza" title="Iskandar Mirza">Iskandar Mirza</a> ble innsatt som generalguvernør og Mirza ble president da Pakistan ble omdannet til republikk i 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statusen som <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> i det britske samveldet opphørte i <a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a> da landet fikk sin grunnlov, og ble erklært som den islamske republikken Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og med ble forbindelsen til det britiske monarkiet brutt.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidenten hadde med denne grunnloven primært en seremoniell rolle, mens den utøvende makten lå hos statsministeren.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Militæret under general <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a> tok kontroll i et ublodig kupp 7. oktober <a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og holdt makten i 10 år. Ayub Khan var utdannet i den britiske hæren og fremsto som svært britisk i utseende og manerer, noe som trolig ga ham en del godvilje i vesten. Økonomien bedret seg i 1960-årene og med bistand fra Verdensbanken ble det inngått en traktat med India om vanningssystemene i Punjab. Khan satt i 1959 i gang en mindre jordreform. I utviklingsplanen 1961–1965 gikk Khan inn for familiplanlegging. <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> var utenriksminister under Khan. I 1962 sørget Khan for en ny forfatning inspirert av <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulles</a> franske: Presidenten skulle han sterk stilling og bli valgt av 80 000 valgmenn fra lokalsamfunnene. Ayub Khan ble i 1965 valgt etter dette systemet i konkurranse med <a href="/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a> (søster av «landsfader» <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feltmarskalk <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a> ble valgt til president og forholdet til <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a> vokste seg sterkere. </p><p>Etter et nasjonalt opprør i <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a> trådte Ayub Khan til side, og ga makten til general <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> som lovte å gjennomføre valg på slutten av <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. I desember 1970 ble for første gang holdt frie valg etter etableringen av staten Pakistan. De dominerende partiene var Ali Bhuttos Folkeparti i Vest-Pakistan og <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahmans</a> <i>Liga</i> i Bengal. Mujibur Rahman var tilhenger av vidtgående selvstyre for Øst-Pakistan blant annet kontroll over egne valuta- og skatteinntekter. Bengalerne i Øst-Pakistan mente de ble behandlet som en koloni av Vest-Pakistan som dominerte i hæren og statsadministrasjonen; mens Øst-Pakistan sto for en stor del av landets eksport. I november 1970 ble Øst-Pakistan rammet av en <a href="/wiki/Syklon" title="Syklon">syklon</a> og stormflod som skapte store oversvømmelser i deltaområdet for Ganges og Brahmaputra; dødstallene anslås til opp mot 200 000. Naturkatastrofen tilskyndet Øst-Pakistans krav om løsrivelse i form av staten Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Den britiske kolonimaketen hadde opparbeidet et omfattende vanningssystem i <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a>-dalen, noe Pakistan dro nytte av. Grunnvannet begynte å stige og i de lavtliggende områdene kom det opp til overflaten og etterlot et lag av salt når det fordampet i den sterk solen. Pakistan var tidligere selvforsynt og måtte fra 1952 importere matkorn. I 1961 ba de pakistanske myndighetene USA om hjelp til å gjenvinne store forsumpede og saltholdige jordbruksarealer. De viktigste eksportvarene var jute og bomull, og prisen på disse ble halvert tidlig i 1950-årene. Pakistan hadde en betydelig befolkningsvekst<sup id="cite_ref-Bjol352_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjol352-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som fortsatte i siste halvdel av 1900-tallet.<sup id="cite_ref-det20_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-det20-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Øst-_og_Vest-Pakistan"><span id=".C3.98st-_og_Vest-Pakistan"></span>Øst- og Vest-Pakistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Øst- og Vest-Pakistan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Øst- og Vest-Pakistan"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Dominionen_Pakistan" title="Dominionen Pakistan">Dominionen Pakistan</a></i></div> <p>Pakistan besto fra 1947 av to deler <a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Pakistan" title="Øst-Pakistan">Øst-Pakistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vest-Pakistan" title="Vest-Pakistan">Vest-Pakistan</a> helt adskilt av India i mellom, det var 1700 kilometer mellom det to delene. Fellesskapet mellom delene besto særlig av motstanden mot det <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">hindudominerte</a> India. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> regnes som statens grunnlegger. De dominerende kretsene i Vest-Pakistan ville gjøre <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">urdu</a> (som da ble brukt av rundt 7 % av innbyggerne) til statens offisielle språk. Urdu er nært beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Punjabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi">punjabim</a> det mest utbredte språket, og forslaget om urdu møttet derfor lite motstand. I Øst-Pakistan snakket over halvparten av befolkningen <a href="/wiki/Bengali" title="Bengali">bengali</a> som ligner lite på urdu. I 1956 ble urdu og bengali likestilt som offisielle språk. I Vest-Pakistan var det vanlig å se på ned på bengalene som skilte seg ut blant annet med mørkere hudfarge. Pakistan var overveiende muslimsk og islam vektlegger likhet, i kontrast til de dominenrende religionene og normene i India. Pakistan var et klassesamfunn med stor avstand mellom høy og lav i samfunnet.<sup id="cite_ref-Bjol352_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bjol352-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kashmir-konflikten">Kashmir-konflikten</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kashmir-konflikten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kashmir-konflikten"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Den_andre_indisk-pakistanske_krig" title="Den andre indisk-pakistanske krig">Den andre indisk-pakistanske krig</a></i></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a> brøt det ut krig med India over Kasjmir og Kutchranden. I 1965 sørget Pakistan for at det ble smuglet væpnede geriljasoldater inn i den indiske delen av <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> der de ble møtt i flere trefninger med indiske soldater. Pakistan gikk 1. september 1965 til angrep med panservogner i <a href="/wiki/Chamba" title="Chamba">Chamba</a>-området. Indiske styrker gikk til motangrep i Punjap i retning Lahore for å lette presset mot Chamba. I de påfølgende kampene mistet Pakistan en tredjedel av sine panserstyrker og India en fjerdedel, før kampene ble innstilt 22. september. Panservåpenene var amerikanske og da USA innstilte leveranse av reserverdeler var Pakistan ikke i stand til å føre en lang krig. India hadde egen våpenindustri og kunne holde de gående lenger. Indiske myndigheter var urolige for kinesisk støtte til Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krigen varte fra april til september og ble provosert frem av Khan. Ayub Khan og <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> tok mot et sovjetisk tilbud om megling og møttes i <a href="/wiki/Tasjkent" title="Tasjkent">Tasjkent</a> i januar 1966. Statsminister <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Kosygin" title="Aleksej Kosygin">Aleksej Kosygin</a> ledet meglingen fra sovjetisk side. Forhandlingene brakte ikke en endelig løsning, men styrkene ble trukket tilbake på begge sider. Shastri døde i Tasjkent noen timer etter at avtalen var undertegnet. Shastris kiste ble båret til flyet av blant andre Kosygin og Khan. Etter et kort mellomspill ble <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> Indias statsminister.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deling_fra_Bangladesh">Deling fra Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Deling fra Bangladesh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Deling fra Bangladesh"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em;"><i>Se også: <a href="/wiki/Den_bangladeshiske_frigj%C3%B8ringskrigen" title="Den bangladeshiske frigjøringskrigen">Den bangladeshiske frigjøringskrigen</a></i></div> <p>Fra 14. august 1947 til <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> bestod landet av to deler, <a href="/wiki/Vest-Pakistan" title="Vest-Pakistan">Vest-Pakistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Pakistan" title="Øst-Pakistan">Øst-Pakistan</a>, geografisk separert med over 1600 km med India mellom områdene. Valget viste tydelig at landet var delt i to. I øst vant <a href="/w/index.php?title=Awami_ligaen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Awami ligaen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Awami-ligaen,</a> ledet av <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a>, flertall i nasjonalforsamlingen med 169 av de øst-pakistanske representantene, men ingen representanter fra Vest-Pakistan, hvor <a href="/wiki/Pakistans_Folkeparti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistans Folkeparti">Pakistans Folkeparti</a> ledet av <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> vant 85 representanter. I vest nektet Bhutto å la Mujibur få makten, og Mujibur svarte med å oppfordre til sivil ulydighet. </p><p>Det hele endte med at major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziaur_Rahman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziaur Rahman (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ziaur Rahman</a>, en dekorert bengalsk krigsveteran, erklærte <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> for uavhengig på vegne av Mujib som hadde måttet flykte til India. En geriljakrig brøt ut og varte i ni måneder.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> Bengalske avdelinger i det pakistanske heimevernet gjorde mytteri. Omkring 1 million flyktet til India under urolighetene og vestpakistanske styrker massakrerte et stort antall bengalere i 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India støttet bengalske frihetskrigere med trening og våpen, og da Pakistans hær begynte å bli svekket og trett av geriljakrigen slo India til <a href="/wiki/6._desember" title="6. desember">6. desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a> med et massivt angrep inn i Øst-Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I undertall og overrumplet overga den pakistanske hæren seg til India <a href="/wiki/16._desember" title="16. desember">16. desember</a> i en av de største overgivelsene etter andre verdenskrig, nesten 90 000 soldater ble <a href="/wiki/Krigsfange" title="Krigsfange">krigsfanger</a>.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> De vestpakistanske soldatene ble deretter beskyttet av indiske styrker mot hevnaksjon. Mujibur Rahman satt internert i Vest-Pakistan og <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> ønsket ham henrettet. Ali Bhutto kom til makten da nederlaget i Øst-Pakistan var et faktum og Bhutto satte Mujibur Rahman fri.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Resultatet var opprettelsen av den nye nasjonen <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, og <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> trakk seg som president etter ydmykelsen. Det antas at krigen i Øst-Pakistan kostet 1,5 millioner mennesker livet.<sup id="cite_ref-Pax7_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pax7-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachis</a> voldsomme vekst etter uavhengigheten var en del av bakgrunnen for at Islamabad ble anlagt fra grunnen av (fra 1961) som ny hovedstad.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I Karachi har relasjon mellom sindier og muslimer tilflyttet fra India skapt gnisninger og uroligheter med tap liv.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistan_etter_1971">Pakistan etter 1971</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pakistan etter 1971" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pakistan etter 1971"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sommeren 1972 møttes Ali Bhutto og Indira Ghandi i <a href="/wiki/Simla" title="Simla">Simla</a>, og de ble enige om at India trakk seg ut et erobret del av Punjab mens India fikk beholde et mindre område i Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-menneskene_66-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menneskene-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a> tok makten ved et statskupp i 1977 og begynte en islamisering landets styre.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fra 1980 ble Pakistan preget av <a href="/wiki/Den_afghansk-sovjetiske_krig" title="Den afghansk-sovjetiske krig">Den afghansk-sovjetiske krig</a> med flere millioner afghanske flyktninger.<sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> ble statsminister i 1988, ble hun den første kvinnen som ledet et muslimsk land. Hun ble gjenvalgt i 1993, men måtte gå av i 1996 på grunn av en korrupsjonsskandale. </p><p>Fra 1999 var Pakistan et militærdiktatur med president <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> ved makten. Etter <a href="/wiki/Terrorangrepet_11._september_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorangrepet 11. september 2001">terrorangrepet 11. september 2001</a> har landet stått sentralt i et spenningsfelt med religiøst motiverte aktivister, særlig etter å ha inngått politiske og militære allianser med <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>. Musharrafs provestlige politikk var omstridt i Pakistan og ellers i den muslimske verden. Etter urolighetene rundt drapet på Benazir Bhutto og det påfølgende valget i 2008, ble Musharraf truet med riksrett dersom han ikke gikk av frivillig, noe han til slutt gjorde 18. august 2008. I det påfølgende presidentvalget vant <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Pakistans_Folkeparti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistans Folkeparti">Pakistans Folkeparti</a> en overlegen seier. </p><p>Ved siden av vanlige våpen er Pakistan i besittelse av <a href="/wiki/Atomv%C3%A5pen" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomvåpen">atomvåpen</a> som landet hadde arbeidet med å utvikle fra 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet gjennomførte sin første prøvesprengning i 28. mars 1998. Landet har utviklet våpen, kort- og mellomdistanseraketter og missiler opptil 3 500 km. </p><p>Pakistan boikottet <a href="/wiki/Sommer-OL_1980" title="Sommer-OL 1980">sommer-OL 1980</a> i Moskva på grunn av Sovjetunionens invasjon av Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flommen_i_2022">Flommen i 2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Flommen i 2022" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Flommen i 2022"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27,_2021_vs._August_27,_2022_in_Sindh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg/250px-2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg/375px-2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg/500px-2022_Pakistan_Floods_-_August_27%2C_2021_vs._August_27%2C_2022_in_Sindh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8830" data-file-height="5792" /></a><figcaption>Satelittfoto fra 27. august 2022 og samme dag ett år tidligere.</figcaption></figure> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Flommen_i_Pakistan_2022" title="Flommen i Pakistan 2022">Flommen i Pakistan 2022</a> </p> </div> <p>I forbindelse med monsunregnet sommeren 2022 ble det stor flom i Pakistan og opptil en tredjedel av landet ble oversvømmet. Flommen ødela 150 broer og 3 500 km vei, anslagsvis 700 000 husdyr strøk med.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 30 millioner innbyggere er berørt<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, nær en halv millioner bolig er skadet og 1500 har omkommet<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (per 6. september 2022). Varmere atmosfære har større evne til å holde på vanndamp noe som gir mer og kraftigere regn når skyene kommer inn over land. I tillegg til regn smelter isbreer i høyfjellet og det var i 2022 flere breras enn vanlig<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pakistan er særlig utsatt for konsekvenser av klimaendring.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indus med sideelver utgjør 7 000 kilometer med ustabile elvebredder. Indus-sletten har et omfattende system av vanningskanaler på kryss og tvers. Store deler av Pakistan er utsatt for alvorlig flommer. Flommen i 1955 berørte 6 millioner innbyggere og førte til betydelig endringer i elveløp for flere elver. Flommen i 1973 raserte 10 000 landsbyer og berørte 10 millioner innbyggere, hvorav nær ½ million mistet boligene sine.<sup id="cite_ref-Burki1973_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burki1973-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politikk_og_administrasjon">Politikk og administrasjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Politikk og administrasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politikk og administrasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Benazir_Bhutto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/190px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/285px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Benazir_Bhutto.jpg/380px-Benazir_Bhutto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Offisielt er Pakistan er føderal <a href="/wiki/Republikk" title="Republikk">republikk</a>, men har hatt en lang historie av vekslende perioder med valgt demokrati og autoritære militærdiktatur. Fra 1947 til 1977 var det 4 militærkupp i Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Militære presidenter inkluderer general <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a> i 1960-årene, general <a href="/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> i 1980-årene og general <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> fra 1999 til 2008. Flertallet av Pakistans statsoverhoder og regjeringssjefer har vært valgte sivile ledere. </p><p>Pakistan er også det landet som fikk den første muslimske kvinnelige statsministeren (<a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>), og et av de tidligste landene som fikk en folkevalgt kvinnelig leder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politiske_partier">Politiske partier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Rediger avsnitt: Politiske partier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Politiske partier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistans to største parti er <a href="/wiki/Pakistans_Folkeparti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistans Folkeparti">Pakistans Folkeparti</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistans_Muslimske_Liga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakistans Muslimske Liga (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pakistans Muslimske Liga</a>, som fikk flertall i valget <a href="/wiki/Oktober" title="Oktober">oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>. I dette valget ble <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Majlis-e-Amal" title="Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal">Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal</a>, en koalisjon av seks muslimske parti, det tredje største partiet med 11 % av stemmene. I en provins, <a href="/wiki/Nordvestlige_Grenseprovinsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordvestlige Grenseprovinsen">Nordvestlige Grenseprovinsen</a>, fikk det 48 av 96 representanter i provinsforsamlingen. Det satte sammen en regjering i provinsen samt i <a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutsjistan</a>, i koalisjon med andre partier. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg/300px-Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg/450px-Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg/600px-Provinces_and_territories_of_Pakistan_named_es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Administrativ kart.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrativ_inndeling">Administrativ inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Rediger avsnitt: Administrativ inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrativ inndeling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan har fire provinser, og administrerer deler av <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a>. Provinsene er videre delt inn i totalt 105 distrikter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Provinser">Provinser</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Rediger avsnitt: Provinser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Provinser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan (Pakistan)">Balutsjistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sind_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sind (Pakistan)">Sind</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Territorier">Territorier</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Rediger avsnitt: Territorier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Territorier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_hovedstadsterritorium" title="Islamabad hovedstadsterritorium">Islamabad hovedstadsterritorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistans_f%C3%B8deralt_administrerte_stammeomr%C3%A5der" title="Pakistans føderalt administrerte stammeområder">Føderalt administrerte stammeområder</a></li> <li>To provinser, NVGP og Balutsjistan, har også PASO (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinsielt_administrete_stammeomr%C3%A5der&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provinsielt administrete stammeområder (ikke skrevet ennå)">provinsielt administrete stammeområder</a>.) Det er forventet at disse vil bli endret<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk"><span title="Foregående påstand må presiseres tidsmessig">når?</span></a></i>]</sup> til regulære distrikter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pakistansk-administrerte_deler_av_Kasjmir-regionen">Pakistansk-administrerte deler av <a href="/wiki/Kasjmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasjmir">Kasjmir</a>-regionen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Rediger avsnitt: Pakistansk-administrerte deler av Kasjmir-regionen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Pakistansk-administrerte deler av Kasjmir-regionen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forsvars-_og_utenrikspolitikk">Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Rediger avsnitt: Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=29" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forsvars- og utenrikspolitikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan har vært <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USAs</a> alliert i store deler av statens moderne historie, fra 1950-årene og som medlem av <a href="/wiki/CENTO" title="CENTO">CENTO</a> (oppløst 1979)<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og den antikommunistiske <a href="/wiki/SEATO" title="SEATO">SEATO</a> (stiftet 1954, oppløst 1977).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er medlem av <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid" title="Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid">Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid</a>. Pakistan er det nest største muslimske landet i forhold til befolkning og dets status som atomvåpenmakt, det eneste muslimske, gjør at det spiller en viktig rolle internasjonalt. Pakistan er også ett av syv land i verden som har atomvåpen. Pakistan har ikke sluttet seg til <a href="/wiki/Ikke-spredningsavtalen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikke-spredningsavtalen">ikke-spredningsavtalen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pax7_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pax7-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan var i 1980-årene et av Norges hovedsamarbeidsland (sammen med India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Tanzania og Zambia) for utviklingshjelp.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan ble lenge støttet av USA fordi India (Pakistans hovedfiende) ble støttet av Sovjetunionen. Landet har lenge hatt et ambivalent forhold til vesten og den islamske radikaliseringen på 1980-tallet var knyttet til anti-amerikanisme. Etter krigen mellom Irak og Kuwait i 1990 ble relasjonen til USA mer anstrengt fordi pakistanerne stort sett støttet <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneskerettigheter">Menneskerettigheter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Rediger avsnitt: Menneskerettigheter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=30" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneskerettigheter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistan har fengselsstraff inntil 10 år for homofili.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet har også hjemmel for å idømme dødsstraff for homofil praksis, men denne sanksjonen kan kun benyttes dersom den ene parten ikke har samtykket.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom Houses</a> indeks for borgerretter skåret Pakistan tidlig i 1980-årene 5 på en skala fra 1 (fulle retter) til 7 (minimale retter), Nordeuropeiske land og USA samt Japan og Australia skåret 1 enn på denne indeksen.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Økonomi"><span id=".C3.98konomi"></span>Økonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Rediger avsnitt: Økonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=31" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økonomi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1985 utgjorde Pakistans eksport 0,35 % av all internasjonal handel, sammenlignet med Norge som hadde 0,75 % og USA som hadde 18 %. <a href="/wiki/Brutto_nasjonalprodukt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brutto nasjonalprodukt">Brutto nasjonalprodukt</a> (BNP) per innbygger var i 1982 (i datidens pengeverdi) 2 300 kroner mot Norges 92 000 kroner. I 1980 var det 3 personbiler per 1000 innbyggere, mot 325 i Norge og over 500 i USA; og det var 4 telefoner per 1 000 innbyggere mot 500 i Norge og over 800 i Sverige.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er store økonomisk forskjeller i landet der inntektene er konsentrert hos få personer.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kraftproduksjon">Kraftproduksjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kraftproduksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=32" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kraftproduksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Demningen i Tarbela (ved Rawalpindi, 1976) og Mangla (i elven Jhelum, 1967) gir en del <a href="/wiki/Vannkraft" title="Vannkraft">vannkraft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineralutvinning">Mineralutvinning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mineralutvinning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=33" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mineralutvinning"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De viktigste mineralene er <a href="/wiki/Naturgass" title="Naturgass">naturgass</a> (i Sui i Balutsjistan), olje, kull (fra Great Salt Range), salt, <a href="/wiki/Gips" title="Gips">gips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalkstein" title="Kalkstein">kalkstein</a> og <a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">krom</a>. Kullforekomsten er liten og av dårlig kvalitet.<sup id="cite_ref-det20_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-det20-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordbruk">Jordbruk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Rediger avsnitt: Jordbruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=34" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Jordbruk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistans ledende næringsvei er <a href="/wiki/Jordbruk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordbruk">jordbruk</a> der de viktigste produktene er hvete, ris, <a href="/wiki/Bomull" title="Bomull">bomull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker">sukker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hirse" title="Hirse">hirse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mais" title="Mais">mais</a> og matolje. Punjab og Sind er de viktigste jordbruksområdene; mens det i Balutsjistan og andre perifere områder er vanlig med beitebasert (til dels <a href="/wiki/Nomadisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadisk">nomadisk</a>) jordbruk. I Punjab ble det på 1960-tallet satt i gang et program for bedring av jordbrukret med hvetesorter med stor avkastning, <a href="/wiki/Kunstgj%C3%B8dsel" title="Kunstgjødsel">kunstgjødsel</a> og vanning basert på rør (i stedet for kanaler) noe som ga raskt økende avlinger.<sup id="cite_ref-det20_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-det20-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bomull og bomullsprodukter er viktige eksportvarer, og Pakistan er en av verdens store bomullsprodusenter. Landet har en del tekstil- og næringsmiddelindustri.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-verdensland_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdensland-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landet er en stor produsent av blant annet <a href="/wiki/Hvete" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvete">hvete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> og <a href="/wiki/Appelsiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Appelsiner">appelsiner</a>, appelsineksporten er blant verdens største. Pakistan dyrker også <a href="/wiki/Ris" title="Ris">ris</a>, men er likevel en netto importør av denne viktige varen.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Trenger_referanse" title="Hjelp:Trenger referanse"><span title="Foregående påstand trenger referanse">trenger referanse</span></a></i>]</sup> I 1951 hadde landet 150 millioner <a href="/wiki/Dekar" title="Dekar">dekar</a> jordbruksareal og 194 millioner dekar i 1971. Landet hadde tidligere overskudd på kornprodukter og var i 1970-årene av hengig av import.<sup id="cite_ref-Burki1973_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burki1973-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordbruket er for en stor del basert på kunstig vanning fra Indus og bielver<sup id="cite_ref-faktum_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faktum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og vann er den avgjørende faktor for hvilket jordbruk som drives. Bare mindre områder i dalførene og under høyfjellene i nord klarer seg uten kunstig vanning; resten av landet er helt avhengig av kunstig vanning. Godt over 100 millioner <a href="/wiki/Dekar" title="Dekar">dekar</a> vannes kunstig særlig i Punjab og Sind. Tre demninger i Indus (Sukkur-, Ghulam Mohammad- og Gudu-demningene) står for en stor del av vannet. Kanalsystemet ble for det meste utviklet på slutten av 1800-tallet da de tidligere golde områdene mellom elvene ble gjort fruktbare. Den omfattende vanningen basert på kanaler har ført til økt saltinnhold.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 1980 sto jordbruket for over 50 % av sysselsettingen i landet, i 1950-årene var 70 % sysselsatt i jordbruket. I 1980 var 25 % jordbruksareal, mot over 60 % for Danmark og Bangladesh og 2,5 % for Norge. Det er lite skog og skogbruk.<sup id="cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aschehougs14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industri">Industri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Rediger avsnitt: Industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=35" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Industri"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etter <a href="/wiki/Andre_verdenskrig" title="Andre verdenskrig">andre verdenskrig</a> ble landet bevisst industrialisert etter løsrivelsen fra India, ikke minst for å bygge opp en forsvarsindustri. Pakistan hadde ved løsrivelsen svært få ressurser som grunnlag for utvikling av egen industri. Karachi er landets eneste havneby av betydning og sentrum for forskjellige industrier blant annet stålverk og gjenvinning av skrapjern. Noen industri ble utviklet med økonomisk og teknisk bistand fra Sovjetunionen. Fabrikker for produksjon av kunstgjødsel har blitt drevet av naturgass fra Balutsjistan.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I perioden frem til løsrivelsen av Øst-Pakistan (<a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>), var den vestlige delen (dagens Pakistan) den del av fellesstaten som ble mest industrialisert og utviklet økonomisk. Pakistan har en avansert automotiv industri som produserer både <a href="/wiki/Bil" title="Bil">biler</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kampfly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampfly">kampfly</a> på lisens fra Japan og USA. Den største industrien er likevel <a href="/wiki/Tekstilindustri" title="Tekstilindustri">tekstilindustrien</a>, Pakistan produserer spesielt mye sportsutstyr og sko, både på lisens og gjennom egne merkevarer. </p><p>Under general <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Musharraf</a> ble landet åpnet for etablering av <a href="/wiki/Mobiltelefoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobiltelefoni">mobiltelefoni</a>, og mange lisenser gikk til utenlandske selskaper, herunder <a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telenor_Pakistan" title="Telenor Pakistan">Telenor</a> (2005), og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etisalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etisalat (ikke skrevet ennå)">Etisalat</a>. Landet fikk økonomiske utfordringer fra omkring <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> da både ris- og oljeprisene økte. Etter gjeninnføringen av demokrati i <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a> har Pakistan slitt med å tiltrekke seg utenlandske investeringer, og har heller ikke maktet å gjenopprette økonomisk vekst på høyde med nabolandene. Mange produsenter har problemer med produksjonsflyten på grunn av hyppige strømbrudd. <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">Energi</a>-sektoren baserer seg på en del <a href="/wiki/Vannkraft" title="Vannkraft">vannkraft</a>, men utbyggingene har stoppet opp etter 1990-årene. All elektrisk kraft må selges til sluttbrukerne via den statlige monopolgrossisten WPDA, og problemer med korrupsjon og ujevn betaling til produsentene har redusert viljen til å investere videre. </p><p>Hæren – som har styrt Pakistan i lengre perioder – er en stor eiendomsbesitter og eier egne bedrifter, blant annet innen forsvarsproduksjon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Økonomiske_nøkkeltall"><span id=".C3.98konomiske_n.C3.B8kkeltall"></span>Økonomiske nøkkeltall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Rediger avsnitt: Økonomiske nøkkeltall" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=36" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Økonomiske nøkkeltall"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Økonomiske nøkkeltall <p><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>% av BNP </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>% av BNP </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>% av BNP </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>% av BNP </th> <th>Kilder </th></tr> <tr> <td>BNP mrd rupee </td> <td>8.708 </td> <td> </td> <td>14,867 </td> <td> </td> <td>22.379 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> 30.170 </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>BNP mrd US$ <sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>137,3 </td> <td> </td> <td>168,2 </td> <td> </td> <td>224,6 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> 285,0 </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Verdensbanken </td></tr> <tr> <td>BNP/innb US$ <sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>877,0 </td> <td> </td> <td>1.009,8 </td> <td> </td> <td>1.266,4 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>1.510,0</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF, Verdensbanken </td></tr> <tr> <td>BNP realvekst <sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>6,2 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,8 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,5 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> 4,5 </i> </td> <td>IMF, Verdensbanken </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konsumpriser, endring </td> <td>7,8 </td> <td> </td> <td>10,1 </td> <td> </td> <td>5,9 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> 4,7</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Renter, 6 mnd </td> <td>8,8 </td> <td> </td> <td>12,3 </td> <td> </td> <td>9,8 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>8,8</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Investering </td> <td> </td> <td>23,0 </td> <td> </td> <td>15,8 </td> <td> </td> <td>15,0 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>15,3 </i> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arbeidsløshet </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eksport mrd US$ </td> <td>17,1 </td> <td> </td> <td>19,7 </td> <td> </td> <td>24,7 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> </i> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Import mrd US$ </td> <td>27,0 </td> <td> </td> <td>31,2 </td> <td> </td> <td>39,8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Handelsbalanse mrd US$ </td> <td>17,7 </td> <td> </td> <td>-16,5 </td> <td> </td> <td>-23,2 </td> <td> </td> <td><i>-24,8 </i> </td> <td><i> </i> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Betalingsbalanse mrd US$ </td> <td>-7,1 </td> <td>-4,9 </td> <td>-3,9 </td> <td>-2,2 </td> <td>-2,5 </td> <td>-1,1 </td> <td><i> -1,5 </i> </td> <td><i> -0,5 </i> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Budsjettbalanse, primær </td> <td> </td> <td>0,2 </td> <td> </td> <td>-1,6 </td> <td> </td> <td>-3,9 </td> <td> </td> <td><i> 0,1 </i> </td> <td>IMF </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helse">Helse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Rediger avsnitt: Helse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=37" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Helse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pakistans forbruk på helse i 2011 utgjorde 2,5 prosent av <a href="/wiki/Bruttonasjonalprodukt" title="Bruttonasjonalprodukt">BNP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2010 var forventet levealder ved fødsel 64,5 år for kvinner og 63,6 år for menn. Privat sektor tar hånd om lag 80 prosent av pasientene som oppsøker behandling. Anslagsvis 19 prosent av befolkningen, og 30 prosent av barn under fem år er underernærte.<sup id="cite_ref-raid_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raid-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I 2009 var dødeligheten for barn i deres fem første leveår på 72 per 1000 levendefødte.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samferdsel">Samferdsel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Rediger avsnitt: Samferdsel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=38" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Samferdsel"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pakistan_Railways_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pakistan_Railways_Map.png/250px-Pakistan_Railways_Map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pakistan_Railways_Map.png/375px-Pakistan_Railways_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pakistan_Railways_Map.png/500px-Pakistan_Railways_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2572" /></a><figcaption>Jernbanenettet i Pakistan med hovedlinjen mellom Karachi og Lahore via Multan i bred svart strek.</figcaption></figure> <p>Landets jernbane var opprinnelig integrert med Indias. I Indusdalen har det vært vansker å vedlikehold jernbanelinjer og veier på grunn vasstrukken jord og jevnlige oversvømmelser. Ved den store flommen 1973 ble lange strekninger med vei og jernbane ødelagt, og brudd i samferdselen mellom Sind og Punjab. Indus er egnet bare for mindre båter på grunn av skiftende vannstand og mange grunner. Det er jernbaneforbindelse over grensen til Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistans jernbaner er <a href="/wiki/Bredspor" title="Bredspor">bredsporet</a> mens Iran har <a href="/wiki/Normalspor" title="Normalspor">normalspor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oppføring_på_UNESCOs_lister"><span id="Oppf.C3.B8ring_p.C3.A5_UNESCOs_lister"></span>Oppføring på UNESCOs lister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oppføring på UNESCOs lister" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=39" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oppføring på UNESCOs lister"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Verdensarvsteder</b> </p><p>Oppføringer på <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOs</a> <a href="/wiki/Verdensarvliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdensarvliste">verdensarvliste</a> (World Heritage List), verdens kultur- og naturarvsteder. </p> <ul><li>Arkeologiske ruinene i <a href="/wiki/Mohenjo-Daro" title="Mohenjo-Daro">Mohenjo-Daro</a></li> <li>Buddhistruinene <a href="/wiki/Takht-i-Bahi" title="Takht-i-Bahi">Takht-i-Bahi</a> og ruinene av nabobyen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahri_Bahlol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahri Bahlol (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sahri Bahlol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lahore_fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lahore fort (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lahore fort</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalimar_hagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shalimar hagen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shalimar hagen</a></li> <li>Ruinene i <a href="/wiki/Thatta" title="Thatta">Thatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohtas_fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohtas fort (ikke skrevet ennå)">Rohtas fort</a></li></ul> <p><b>Mesterverker i muntlig og immateriell kulturarv</b> </p><p>Oppføringer på UNESCOs liste knyttet til aktivt vern av <a href="/wiki/Immateriell_kultur" title="Immateriell kultur">immateriell kultur</a> (Intangible Cultural Heritage). Årstallet angir når det ble listeført hos UNESCO. </p> <ul><li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Norouz" class="mw-redirect" title="Norouz">Norouz</a></li> <li>2016 – <a href="/wiki/Falkoneri" title="Falkoneri">Falkoneri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=40" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_over_naturkatastrofer_i_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste over naturkatastrofer i Pakistan (ikke skrevet ennå)"><i>Liste over naturkatastrofer i Pakistan</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=41" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fotnoter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18775549">.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+ol li{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+ol li{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+ol li{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+ol li{list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-alpha+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-alpha!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-lower-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:lower-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-upper-roman+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:upper-roman!important}.mw-parser-output .following-list-style-type-decimal+.mw-references-wrap>ol.references li{list-style-type:decimal!important}</style><div class="ve-conditional-display-block following-list-style-type-lower-alpha"><b>Type nummerering</b></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>: پاکستان, <i>Pākistān</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">urdu: اِسلامی جُمہُوریۂ پاكِستان, <i>Islāmī Jumhūriya'eh Pākistān</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=42" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-631187becf79dfca8d0865eec7868319d479f686-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-631187becf79dfca8d0865eec7868319d479f686-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/">https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/pakistan-population/</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-43c14249c705784252c4c5a3da79558441961bfb-v2-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-43c14249c705784252c4c5a3da79558441961bfb-v2_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uis.unesco.org/country/PK">«Pakistan»</a>. <i>UNESCOs statistikkinstitutts database</i> (på flere språk). UNESCOs statistikkinstitutt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juni 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Pakistan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCOs+statistikkinstitutts+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fcountry%2FPK&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-faktum-5"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-faktum_5-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lundstøl, Sigrun Riedel (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2014111007515"><i>Land i Øst-Asia</i></a>. Oslo: Faktum Orfeus forl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8254002800" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8254002800">8254002800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Lundst%C3%B8l%2C+Sigrun+Riedel&rft.btitle=Land+i+%C3%98st-Asia&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8254002800&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Faktum+Orfeus+forl.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2014111007515&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worlddata.info/highest-mountains.php">«The highest mountains in the world»</a>. <i>Worlddata.info</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=The+highest+mountains+in+the+world&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worlddata.info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worlddata.info%2Fhighest-mountains.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://snl.no/Pakistan">https://snl.no/Pakistan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan">«Pakistan | History, Population, Religion, & Prime Minister | Britannica»</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 9. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Pakistan+%7C+History%2C+Population%2C+Religion%2C+%26+Prime+Minister+%7C+Britannica&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPakistan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feeney-9"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Feeney_9-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feeney_9-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Feeney, Griffith; Alam, Iqbal (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00483.x">«New Estimates and Projections of Population Growth in Pakistan»</a>. <i>Population and Development Review</i>. 3 (på engelsk). 29: 483–492. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0098-7921">0098-7921</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2003.00483.x">10.1111/j.1728-4457.2003.00483.x</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 9. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=New+Estimates+and+Projections+of+Population+Growth+in+Pakistan&rft.au=Alam%2C+Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Griffith&rft.aulast=Feeney&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0098-7921&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Development+Review&rft.pages=483-492&rft.volume=29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2003.00483.x&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2003.00483.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-verdensland-10"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdensland_10-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007112904035"><i>Alle verdens land</i></a>. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. 1992. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8257305499" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8257305499">8257305499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Alle+verdens+land&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8257305499&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007112904035&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gleditsch1988-11"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-9"><sup>j</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-10"><sup>k</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-11"><sup>l</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gleditsch1988_11-12"><sup>m</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gleditsch, Nils Petter (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007090701062"><i>Norge i verdenssamfunnet: en statistisk håndbok</i></a>. Oslo: Pax. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8253014244" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8253014244">8253014244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Gleditsch%2C+Nils+Petter&rft.btitle=Norge+i+verdenssamfunnet%3A+en+statistisk+h%C3%A5ndbok&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8253014244&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Pax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007090701062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nowornever-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nowornever_12-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Choudhary Rahmat Ali (28. januar 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_rahmatali_1933.html">«Now or never: Are we to live or perish for ever?»</a>. Columbia University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Choudhary+Rahmat+Ali&rft.btitle=Now+or+never%3A+Are+we+to+live+or+perish+for+ever%3F&rft.date=1933-01-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fitc%2Fmealac%2Fpritchett%2F00islamlinks%2Ftxt_rahmatali_1933.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Now_or_Never-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Now_or_Never_13-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Choudhary Rahmat Ali (28. januar 1933). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Now_or_Never;_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%3F">«Now or Never. Are we to live or perish forever?»</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Now+or+Never.+Are+we+to+live+or+perish+forever%3F&rft.au=Choudhary+Rahmat+Ali&rft.date=1933-01-28&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FNow_or_Never%3B_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%253F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ikram1995-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ikram1995_14-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">S.M. Ikram (1. januar 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=7q9EubOYZmwC&pg=PA177"><i>Indian Muslims and partition of India</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. s. 177–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-81-7156-374-6" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-81-7156-374-6">978-81-7156-374-6</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=S.M.+Ikram&rft.btitle=Indian+Muslims+and+partition+of+India&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-374-6&rft.pages=177-&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7q9EubOYZmwC%26pg%3DPA177&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rahmat Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110419012150/http://www.chaudhryrahmatali.com/now%20or%20never/index.htm">«Rahmat Ali ::Now or Never»</a>. The Pakistan National Movement. s. 2. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaudhryrahmatali.com/now%20or%20never/index.htm">originalen</a> 19. april 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Rahmat+Ali&rft.btitle=Rahmat+Ali+%3A%3ANow+or+Never&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=The+Pakistan+National+Movement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaudhryrahmatali.com%2Fnow%2520or%2520never%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110419012150/http://www.chaudhryrahmatali.com/now%20or%20never/index.htm">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Archived from the original on 19. april 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 6. oktober 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaudhryrahmatali.com%2Fnow%2520or%2520never%2Findex.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Uheldig_URL" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-davison-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davison_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Roderic H. Davidson (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_foreign-affairs_1960-07_38_4/page/665">«Where is the Middle East?»</a>. <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. 38 (4): 665–675. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20029452">10.2307/20029452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Where+is+the+Middle+East%3F&rft.au=Roderic+H.+Davidson&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.pages=665-675&rft.volume=38&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_foreign-affairs_1960-07_38_4%2Fpage%2F665&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20029452&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glosbe.com/ku/en/pak">«pak i engelsk»</a>. <i>glosbe.com</i>. Kurdisk-Engelsk Ordbok | Glosbe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juli 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=pak+i+engelsk&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=glosbe.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglosbe.com%2Fku%2Fen%2Fpak&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bajwa, Imran Sarwar; Sibalija, Tatjana; Jawawi, Dayang Norhayati Abang (8. mai 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=YJbiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA490&dq=pakistan+clean+word&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYrP2u-cDwAhVrxIsKHRU5DP0Q6AEwBHoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=pakistan%20clean%20word&f=false"><i>Intelligent Technologies and Applications: Second International Conference, INTAP 2019, Bahawalpur, Pakistan, November 6–8, 2019, Revised Selected Papers</i></a> (på engelsk). Springer Nature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-981-15-5232-8" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-981-15-5232-8">978-981-15-5232-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Jawawi%2C+Dayang+Norhayati+Abang&rft.au=Sibalija%2C+Tatjana&rft.aufirst=Imran+Sarwar&rft.aulast=Bajwa&rft.btitle=Intelligent+Technologies+and+Applications%3A+Second+International+Conference%2C+INTAP+2019%2C+Bahawalpur%2C+Pakistan%2C+November+6%E2%80%938%2C+2019%2C+Revised+Selected+Papers&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-981-15-5232-8&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.no%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYJbiDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA490%26dq%3Dpakistan%2Bclean%2Bword%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiYrP2u-cDwAhVrxIsKHRU5DP0Q6AEwBHoECAUQAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dpakistan%2520clean%2520word%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Raza, Syed Tahseen (11. november 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=eBEHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=%22it+originates+from+%E2%80%9CPak%E2%80%9D,+an+Urdu+word+with+a+Persian+origin+which+means%22&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj5erj-MDwAhVy-yoKHbmDDXMQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=%22it%20originates%20from%20%E2%80%9CPak%E2%80%9D,%20an%20Urdu%20word%20with%20a%20Persian%20origin%20which%20means%22&f=false"><i>United States and Pakistan in the 21st Century: Geostrategy and Geopolitics in South Asia</i></a> (på engelsk). Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-000-21813-8" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-1-000-21813-8">978-1-000-21813-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.aufirst=Syed+Tahseen&rft.aulast=Raza&rft.btitle=United+States+and+Pakistan+in+the+21st+Century%3A+Geostrategy+and+Geopolitics+in+South+Asia&rft.date=2020-11-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-000-21813-8&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.no%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeBEHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA7%26dq%3D%2522it%2Boriginates%2Bfrom%2B%25E2%2580%259CPak%25E2%2580%259D%2C%2Ban%2BUrdu%2Bword%2Bwith%2Ba%2BPersian%2Borigin%2Bwhich%2Bmeans%2522%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjj5erj-MDwAhVy-yoKHbmDDXMQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522it%2520originates%2520from%2520%25E2%2580%259CPak%25E2%2580%259D%2C%2520an%2520Urdu%2520word%2520with%2520a%2520Persian%2520origin%2520which%2520means%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">West, Barbara A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=AMYZAQAAIAAJ&q=pakistan+meaning+clean&dq=pakistan+meaning+clean&hl=no&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY8tGD-cDwAhWMtYsKHaHDAGM4FBDoATABegQIBBAC"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z</i></a> (på engelsk). Facts On File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8160-7109-8" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/978-0-8160-7109-8">978-0-8160-7109-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.aufirst=Barbara+A.&rft.aulast=West&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania%3A+M+to+Z&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7109-8&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.no%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMYZAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpakistan%2Bmeaning%2Bclean%26dq%3Dpakistan%2Bmeaning%2Bclean%26hl%3Dno%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjY8tGD-cDwAhWMtYsKHaHDAGM4FBDoATABegQIBBAC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geografiskleksikon-21"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-5"><sup>f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-6"><sup>g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-7"><sup>h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-8"><sup>i</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-9"><sup>j</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-10"><sup>k</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-11"><sup>l</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-12"><sup>m</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-13"><sup>n</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-14"><sup>o</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-15"><sup>p</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geografiskleksikon_21-16"><sup>q</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008060900083"><i>Geografisk leksikon</i></a>. Oslo: Cappelen. 1982. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8202044472" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8202044472">8202044472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Geografisk+leksikon&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8202044472&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2008060900083&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rødevand, Øivind (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007050204053"><i>Verden i vekst: økonomisk geografi for ungdomsskolen</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=R%C3%B8devand%2C+%C3%98ivind&rft.btitle=Verden+i+vekst%3A+%C3%B8konomisk+geografi+for+ungdomsskolen&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007050204053&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aschehougs10-23"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs10_23-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007030101067"><i>Aschehougs konversasjonsleksikon. Bind 10.</i></a> Oslo. 1958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Aschehougs+konversasjonsleksikon.+Bind+10.&rft.date=1958&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007030101067&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jeff Masters (30. juli 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1559&tstamp=">«Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 5. mars 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Jeff+Masters&rft.btitle=Dr.+Jeff+Masters%27+WunderBlog&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wunderground.com%2Fblog%2FJeffMasters%2Fcomment.html%3Fentrynum%3D1559%26tstamp%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKO-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HKO_25-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023174621/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/westasia/islamabad_e.htm">«Climatological Normals of Islamabad»</a>. Hong Kong Observatory. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/westasia/islamabad_e.htm">originalen</a> 23. oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 2. mai 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Climatological+Normals+of+Islamabad&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hko.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Fasia%2Fwestasia%2Fislamabad_e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aschehougs14-26"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aschehougs14_26-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009070703020"><i>Aschehougs konversasjonsleksikon. Bind 14.</i></a> Oslo. 1959.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Aschehougs+konversasjonsleksikon.+Bind+14.&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2009070703020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013062438062"><i>Pakistan: langt fra drømmen</i></a>. [Oslo]: NORAD. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+langt+fra+dr%C3%B8mmen&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=NORAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013062438062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/population-by-country.htm">https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/population-by-country.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/#people-and-society</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-young-30"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-young_30-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_30-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_30-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-young_30-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/16_Population.pdf">«Population, Labour Force and Employment»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929144355/http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/16_Population.pdf">Arkivert</a> 29. september 2013 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., av N.S. Nizami, Pakistans finansdepartement, 2010, ss. 1, 2, 9, 20. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120924165008/www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C07%5C12%5Cstory_12-7-2011_pg7_9">«'High population growth rate affecting economy'»</a>, dailytimes.com.pk, 12. juli 2011. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">«CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions from Fuel Combustion»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf">Arkivert</a> 6. januar 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/Det_internasjonale_energibyr%C3%A5et" title="Det internasjonale energibyrået">Det internasjonale energibyrået</a>, Paris 2011, s. 68. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aina.org/news/20110127104753.htm">«World Muslim Population Doubling, Report Projects»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724230920/http://www.aina.org/news/20110127104753.htm">Arkivert</a> 24. juli 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., av Richard Allen Greene/CNN, <i>Assyrian International News Agency</i>, 27. januar 2011. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=27990">«Pakistan set to become most populous Muslim nation»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110226230233/http://www.samaa.tv/newsdetail.aspx?ID=27990">Arkivert</a> 26. februar 2011 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., samaa.tv, 27. januar 2011. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burki1973-35"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Burki1973_35-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burki1973_35-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burki1973_35-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burki1973_35-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burki1973_35-4"><sup>e</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">BURKI, SHAHID JAVED (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25824759">«Rapid Population Growth and Urbanization: The Case of Pakistan»</a>. <i>Pakistan Economic and Social Review</i>. 3. 11: 239–276. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1011-002X">1011-002X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 9. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Rapid+Population+Growth+and+Urbanization%3A+The+Case+of+Pakistan&rft.aufirst=SHAHID+JAVED&rft.aulast=BURKI&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1011-002X&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Economic+and+Social+Review&rft.pages=239-276&rft.volume=11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25824759&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kulturgeografi-36"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-kulturgeografi_36-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kulturgeografi_36-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013010805050"><i>Kulturgeografi</i></a>. Aschehoug. 1980. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8203117309" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8203117309">8203117309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Kulturgeografi&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8203117309&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013010805050&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Karachi">«Karachi | History, Population, Climate, & Facts | Britannica»</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Karachi+%7C+History%2C+Population%2C+Climate%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKarachi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gayer-38"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Gayer_38-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gayer_38-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Gayer, L. (2014). <i>Karachi: Ordered disorder and the struggle for the city</i>. Oxford University Press, s.2, 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91009748">«The Urban Frontier — Karachi»</a>, National Public Radio, 2. juni 2008. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciafactbook-40"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciafactbook_40-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html">«Pakistan»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524220650/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html">Arkivert</a> 24. mai 2020 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>World Factbook</i>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/17/pakistan">«Pakistan looks to life without the general»</a>, av Jason Burke, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, 17. august 2008. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1719994/headcount-finalised-sans-third-party-audit">«Headcount finalised sans third-party audit»</a>. The Express Tribune. 27. mai 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Headcount+finalised+sans+third-party+audit&rft.date=2018-05-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Express+Tribune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1719994%2Fheadcount-finalised-sans-third-party-audit&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.dawn.com/news/1019505/iraqi-refugees-leading-an-uncertain-life">«Iraqi refugees – leading an uncertain life»</a>. <i>dawn.com</i> (på engelsk). 20. juni 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juli 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Iraqi+refugees+%E2%80%93+leading+an+uncertain+life&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dawn.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeta.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1019505%2Firaqi-refugees-leading-an-uncertain-life&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1020631">«Iraqi refugees protest against UNHCR»</a>. Dawn. 25. juni 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Iraqi+refugees+protest+against+UNHCR&rft.date=2013-06-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1020631&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/middle-east/20170101-who-are-kurds">«Mid-East Junction - Who are the Kurds?»</a>. <i>RFI</i> (på engelsk). 28. oktober 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juli 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Mid-East+Junction+-+Who+are+the+Kurds%3F&rft.date=2017-10-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20170101-who-are-kurds&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153771">«The woes of Bengalis, Burmese and Iranians of Karachi»</a> (på engelsk). Herald. 14. september 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=The+woes+of+Bengalis%2C+Burmese+and+Iranians+of+Karachi&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Herald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherald.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1153771&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Naamani, Israel T. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4324022">«The Kurdish Drive for Self-Determination»</a>. <i>Middle East Journal</i>. 3. 20: 279–295. <a href="/wiki/Internasjonalt_standard_periodikanummer" title="Internasjonalt standard periodikanummer">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juli 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=The+Kurdish+Drive+for+Self-Determination&rft.aufirst=Israel+T.&rft.aulast=Naamani&rft.date=1966&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.pages=279-295&rft.volume=20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4324022&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013062438062"><i>Pakistan: langt fra drømmen</i></a>. [Oslo]: NORAD. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+langt+fra+dr%C3%B8mmen&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=NORAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013062438062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bjol352-49"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Bjol352_49-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bjol352_49-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bjol352_49-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bjøl, Erling (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013042206035"><i>Menneskenes liv og historie: verdenshistorien etter 1945</i></a>. [Oslo]: Cappelen. s. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8202027330" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8202027330">8202027330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Bj%C3%B8l%2C+Erling&rft.btitle=Menneskenes+liv+og+historie%3A+verdenshistorien+etter+1945&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8202027330&rft.pages=352&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013042206035&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stang1961-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stang1961_50-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stang, Nic. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2014063008080"><i>90 år verdenshistorie 1870-1960: for handelsgymnaset</i></a>. Oslo: Tanum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Stang%2C+Nic.&rft.btitle=90+%C3%A5r+verdenshistorie+1870-1960%3A+for+handelsgymnaset&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Tanum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2014063008080&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/creativediversity/nuance-in-bame/pakistani/bbc.com/creativediversity/nuance-in-bame/pakistani/">«BAME We're Not the Same: Pakistani»</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i> (på engelsk)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 8. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=BAME+We%27re+Not+the+Same%3A+Pakistani&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fcreativediversity%2Fnuance-in-bame%2Fpakistani%2Fbbc.com%2Fcreativediversity%2Fnuance-in-bame%2Fpakistani%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-det20-52"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-det20_52-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-det20_52-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-det20_52-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-det20_52-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010042903012"><i>Det 20. århundre</i></a>. 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Besøkt 5. september 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Pakistan+ser+ut+som+%C2%ABsm%C3%A5+hav%C2%BB%3A+%E2%80%93+Monsunregnet+er+i+kraftig+endring&rft.aufirst=Kirsti+Haga&rft.aulast=Honnings%C3%B8y&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnorge%2Fpakistan-ser-ut-som-_sma-hav__-_-monsunregnet-er-i-kraftig-endring-1.16083464&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Svortdal, Knut (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2012041908020"><i>Historiske oversikter</i></a>. Oslo: Aschehoug. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8203054544" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8203054544">8203054544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Svortdal%2C+Knut&rft.btitle=Historiske+oversikter&rft.date=1973&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8203054544&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2012041908020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013062438062"><i>Pakistan: langt fra drømmen</i></a>. [Oslo]: NORAD. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+langt+fra+dr%C3%B8mmen&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=NORAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013062438062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-77"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_77-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_77-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amnesty.no/ulovlig-kjaerlighet?fbclid=IwAR38FP2AcF8ahA_e3_guJjlL6hFGdd5LjKI4uJco1W1BlqBCqdRg9xlajfg">«Ulovlig kjærlighet»</a>. Amnesty International. 15. desember 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 2. juni 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Ulovlig+kj%C3%A6rlighet&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famnesty.no%2Fulovlig-kjaerlighet%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR38FP2AcF8ahA_e3_guJjlL6hFGdd5LjKI4uJco1W1BlqBCqdRg9xlajfg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-78"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_78-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_78-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627212709/https://landinfo.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Pakistan-Homosexuals-and-homosexuality-03052013.pdf">«Pakistan: Homosexuals and homosexuality (pdf)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Landinfo Report</i>. 3. mai 2013. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://landinfo.no/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Pakistan-Homosexuals-and-homosexuality-03052013.pdf">originalen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 27. juni 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 16. juli 2022</span> – via The Country of Origin Information Centre (Landinfo).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Homosexuals+and+homosexuality+%28pdf%29&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landinfo+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flandinfo.no%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2FPakistan-Homosexuals-and-homosexuality-03052013.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013062438062"><i>Pakistan: langt fra drømmen</i></a>. [Oslo]: NORAD. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+langt+fra+dr%C3%B8mmen&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=NORAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013062438062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Amundsen, Jens (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2016011848023"><i>Mennesket og ressursane</i></a>. Oslo: Cappelen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8202101697" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/8202101697">8202101697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=Amundsen%2C+Jens&rft.btitle=Mennesket+og+ressursane&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=8202101697&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Cappelen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2016011848023&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rødevand, Øivind (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007050204053"><i>Verden i vekst: økonomisk geografi for ungdomsskolen</i></a>. Oslo: Gyldendal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APakistan&rft.au=R%C3%B8devand%2C+%C3%98ivind&rft.btitle=Verden+i+vekst%3A+%C3%B8konomisk+geografi+for+ungdomsskolen&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007050204053&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2015/cr15278.pdf">IMF Ch IV Report 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13287.pdf">IMF Ch IV Report 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr0821.pdf">IMF Ch IV Report 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD/countries/PK?display=graph">Verdensbanken - Data</a>, løpende dollar</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/countries/PK?display=graph">Verdensbanken - Data</a>, løpende priser</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG/countries/PK?display=graph">Verdensbanken - Data</a>, faste 2005-dollar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO-88"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_88-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO_88-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/countries/pak/en/">«Pakistan»</a>, fra <a href="/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon">WHOs</a> hjemmeside. Besøkt 4. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-raid-89"><b><a href="#cite_ref-raid_89-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rad-aid.org/UploadedFiles/RAD-AID%20Pakistan%20Health%20Care%20Radiology%20Report%202011.pdf">«Pakistan Country Report»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112021042/http://www.rad-aid.org/UploadedFiles/RAD-AID%20Pakistan%20Health%20Care%20Radiology%20Report%202011.pdf">Arkivert</a> 12. januar 2012 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (PDF), RAD-AID, 2010, ss. 3, 7. Besøkt 11. august 2013 <span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&action=edit&section=43" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pakistan.gov.pk">Offisielt nettsted</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p856"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843?uselang=nb#P856" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pakistan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pakistan">Pakistan</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_/_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="commons:پاکستان / Pakistan">پاکستان / Pakistan</a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalis.no/Land/Pakistan">Statistikk og andre data om Pakistan</a> i <a href="/wiki/FN-sambandet" title="FN-sambandet">FN-sambandets</a> nettsted Globalis.no</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907025255/http://www.hec.gov.pk/MediaPublication/HECPublication/PublishingImages/UOP/UOP.html">Universiteter i Pakistan</a> - samlet oversikt 2015.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Jammu & Kashmir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghsar" title="Baghsar">Baghsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjosa" title="Banjosa">Banjosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitta_Katha" title="Chitta Katha">Chitta Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shounter" title="Shounter">Shounter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subri (ikke skrevet ennå)">Subri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balutsjistan_(Pakistan)" title="Balutsjistan 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hovedstadsterritorium">Islamabad hovedstadsterritorium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rawal" title="Rawal">Rawal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansoo" title="Ansoo">Ansoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudipatsar" title="Dudipatsar">Dudipatsar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kundol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kundol (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kundol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulusar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulusar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lulusar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahodand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahodand (ikke skrevet ennå)">Mahodand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Payee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Payee (ikke skrevet ennå)">Payee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyala (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pyala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saiful_Muluk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saiful Muluk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Saiful Muluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri_(innsj%C3%B8)" title="Siri (innsjø)">Siri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khabikki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khabikki (ikke skrevet ennå)">Khabikki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Namal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchhali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchhali (ikke skrevet ennå)">Uchhali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sind" title="Sind">Sind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadero (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hadero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haleji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haleji (ikke skrevet ennå)">Haleji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keenjhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keenjhar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Keenjhar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Manchar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liste_over_elver_i_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liste over elver i Pakistan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Elver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astore (ikke skrevet ennå)">Astore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bara_(elv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bara (elv) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basol (ikke skrevet ennå)">Basol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braldu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braldu (ikke skrevet ennå)">Braldu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunhar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bunhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_(elv)" title="Chenab (elv)">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dasht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dasht (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori_(elv)" title="Dori (elv)">Dori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambila" title="Gambila">Gambila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghaggar-Hakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghaggar-Hakra (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ghaggar-Hakra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilgit_(elv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilgit (elv) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gilgit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gomal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haro (ikke skrevet ennå)">Haro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hingol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hingol (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hingol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hispar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunza_(elv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunza (elv) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hunza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_(elv)" title="Jhelum (elv)">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jindi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jindi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_(elv)" title="Kabul (elv)">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KechKech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KechKech (ikke skrevet ennå)">KechKech</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korang (ikke skrevet ennå)">Korang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunar (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_(elv_i_Pakistan)" title="Mula (elv i Pakistan)">Mula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neelum_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neelum River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Neelum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjkora_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjkora River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Panjkora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjnad_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjnad River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Panjnad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poonch_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poonch River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakshan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakshan River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Rakshan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravi_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravi River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupal_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupal River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Rupal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaksgam_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaksgam River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shaksgam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shigar_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shigar River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shigar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shingo_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shingo River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shingo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shyok_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shyok River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Shyok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soan_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soan River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Soan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suru_River_(Indus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suru River (Indus) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Suru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutlej_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sutlej River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sutlej</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swan_River_(Potohar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swan River (Potohar) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swat_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swat River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Swat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawi_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawi River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Tawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhob_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhob River (ikke skrevet ennå)">Zhob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyst</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indiahavet" title="Indiahavet">Indiahavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiahavet" title="Arabiahavet">Arabiahavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omanbukta" title="Omanbukta">Omanbukta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Land_i_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Asia" title="Mal:Asia"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r%C3%B8st-Asia" title="Sørøst-Asia">Sørøst-Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinene" title="Filippinene">Filippinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambodsja" title="Kambodsja">Kambodsja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98st-Timor" title="Øst-Timor">Øst-Timor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Asia" title="Sør-Asia">Sør-Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivene" title="Maldivene">Maldivene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Asia" title="Vest-Asia">Vest-Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_forente_arabiske_emirater" title="De forente arabiske emirater">De forente arabiske emirater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kypros" title="Republikken Kypros">Kypros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a> og <a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a> er <a href="/wiki/Kina#Administrativ_inndeling" title="Kina">Spesielle administrative områder</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medlemmer_av_Verdens_handelsorganisasjon_(WTO)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:WTO" title="Mal:WTO"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:WTO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:WTO (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:WTO" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:WTO"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medlemmer_av_Verdens_handelsorganisasjon_(WTO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Verdens_handelsorganisasjon#Medlemsland" title="Verdens handelsorganisasjon">Medlemmer av</a> <a href="/wiki/Verdens_handelsorganisasjon" title="Verdens handelsorganisasjon">Verdens handelsorganisasjon (WTO)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_og_Barbuda" title="Antigua og Barbuda">Antigua og Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_dominikanske_republikk" title="Den dominikanske republikk">Den dominikanske republikk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_union" title="Den europeiske union">Den europeiske union</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippinene" title="Filippinene">Filippinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_forente_arabiske_emirater" title="De forente arabiske emirater">De forente arabiske emirater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong" title="Hongkong">Hongkong</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambodsja" title="Kambodsja">Kambodsja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapp_Verde" title="Kapp Verde">Kapp Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kongo" title="Republikken Kongo">Republikken Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Kina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_demokratiske_republikken_Kongo" title="Den demokratiske republikken Kongo">Den demokratiske republikken Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao" title="Macao">Macao</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivene" title="Maldivene">Maldivene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Makedonia" title="Nord-Makedonia">Nord-Makedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea">Papua Ny-Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_og_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts og Nevis">Saint Kitts og Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_og_Grenadinene" title="Saint Vincent og Grenadinene">Saint Vincent og Grenadinene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_sentralafrikanske_republikk" title="Den sentralafrikanske republikk">Den sentralafrikanske republikk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon%C3%B8yene" title="Salomonøyene">Salomonøyene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveits" title="Sveits">Sveits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Korea" title="Sør-Korea">Sør-Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikken Kina">Republikken Kina (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_og_Tobago" title="Trinidad og Tobago">Trinidad og Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><ol style="text-align:left; font-size:100%"> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_union#Medlemsland" title="Den europeiske union">Alle medlemmer</a> av <a href="/wiki/Den_europeiske_union" title="Den europeiske union">EU</a> er også medlem i WTO: <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">Hellas</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">Irland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia">Kroatia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kypros" class="mw-redirect" title="Kypros">Kypros</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Litauen" title="Litauen">Litauen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sverige" title="Sverige">Sverige</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia">Tsjekkia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ungarn" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98sterrike" title="Østerrike">Østerrike</a> </li> <li>Spesielle administrative regioner i <a href="/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkerepublikken Kina">Folkerepublikken Kina</a>.</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medlemmer_av_Samveldet_av_nasjoner" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Mal:Samveldet av nasjoner"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/wiki/Maldiskusjon:Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Maldiskusjon:Samveldet av nasjoner"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Samveldet av nasjoner"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medlemmer_av_Samveldet_av_nasjoner" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medlemmer av <a href="/wiki/Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Samveldet av nasjoner">Samveldet av nasjoner</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afrika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Seychellene" title="Seychellene">Seychellene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amerika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_og_Barbuda" title="Antigua og Barbuda">Antigua og Barbuda</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_og_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts og Nevis">St. Kitts og Nevis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_og_Grenadinene" title="Saint Vincent og Grenadinene">St. Vincent og Grenadinene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_og_Tobago" title="Trinidad og Tobago">Trinidad og Tobago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maldivene" title="Maldivene">Maldivene</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kypros" title="Republikken Kypros">Kypros</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Storbritannia" title="Storbritannia">Storbritannia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oseania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea">Papua Ny-Guinea</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Salomon%C3%B8yene" title="Salomonøyene">Salomonøyene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:OIC" title="Mal:OIC"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:OIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:OIC (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:OIC" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:OIC"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_for_islamsk_samarbeid" title="Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid">Organisasjonen for islamsk samarbeid (OIC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medlemmer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Algerie" title="Algerie">Algerie</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aserbajdsjan" title="Aserbajdsjan">Aserbajdsjan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elfenbenskysten" title="Elfenbenskysten">Elfenbenskysten</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/De_forente_arabiske_emirater" title="De forente arabiske emirater">De forente arabiske emirater</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gambia" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan">Kasakhstan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kirgisistan" title="Kirgisistan">Kirgisistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Komorene" title="Komorene">Komorene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Maldivene" title="Maldivene">Maldivene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tsjad" title="Tsjad">Tsjad</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia">Tyrkia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Usbekistan" title="Usbekistan">Usbekistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observatører</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stater og territorier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Hercegovina" title="Bosnia-Hercegovina">Bosnia-Hercegovina</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nord-Kypros" title="Nord-Kypros">Nord-Kypros</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_sentralafrikanske_republikk" title="Den sentralafrikanske republikk">Den sentralafrikanske republikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internasjonale organisasjoner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Den_afrikanske_union" title="Den afrikanske union">Den afrikanske union</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Den_arabiske_liga" title="Den arabiske liga">Den arabiske liga</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/De_forente_nasjoner" title="De forente nasjoner">FN</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organisasjonen_av_alliansefrie_nasjoner" title="Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjoner">Organisasjonen av alliansefrie nasjoner</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/Pakistan">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Pakistan">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tasteatlas.com/pakistan">TasteAtlas</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/pakistan">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" 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Things</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/7c87112d-504d-31f1-8147-11ff45fc3bfd">MusicBrainz</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hentet fra «<a dir="ltr" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&oldid=24794144">https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistan&oldid=24794144</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kategorier" title="Kategori:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pakistan" title="Kategori:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Forbundsstater" title="Kategori:Forbundsstater">Forbundsstater</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Samveldet_av_nasjoner" title="Kategori:Samveldet av nasjoner">Samveldet av nasjoner</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skjulte kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_ikke-numeriske_argumenter_til_formatnum" title="Kategori:Sider med ikke-numeriske argumenter til formatnum">Sider med ikke-numeriske argumenter til formatnum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sider_med_duplikatargumenter_i_malkall" title="Kategori:Sider med duplikatargumenter i malkall">Sider med duplikatargumenter i malkall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Uheldig_URL" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL">CS1-vedlikehold: Uheldig URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_koordinater" title="Kategori:Artikler med koordinater">Artikler med koordinater</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikler_med_bilde_forskjellig_fra_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Artikler med bilde forskjellig fra 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