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Toggle Forms subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Printed_ephemera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printed_ephemera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Printed ephemera </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Printed_ephemera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digital_ephemera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_ephemera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Digital ephemera </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_ephemera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collecting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collecting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Collecting </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collecting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Collecting subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Collecting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Academia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ephemera</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" > 18 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efemera" title="Efemera – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Efemera" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_ef%C3%ADmer" title="Material efímer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Material efímer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A5tryk" title="Småtryk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Småtryk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ephemera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ephemera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemera_(imprim%C3%A9s)" title="Ephemera (imprimés) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ephemera (imprimés)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%94" title="אפמרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפמרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ephemera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9" title="エフェメラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エフェメラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcydens_(poligrafia)" title="Akcydens (poligrafia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akcydens (poligrafia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ef%C3%AAmera_(arte)" title="Efêmera (arte) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Efêmera (arte)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efemer" title="Efemer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Efemer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эфемера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эфемера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemera" title="Ephemera – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ephemera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efem%C3%A9ra_(zberate%C4%BEstvo)" title="Efeméra (zberateľstvo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Efeméra (zberateľstvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drobni_tisk" title="Drobni tisk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Drobni tisk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efem%C3%A4rt_material" title="Efemärt material – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Efemärt material" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about temporary objects. For the genus of mayflies, see <a href="/wiki/Ephemera_(mayfly)" title="Ephemera (mayfly)">Ephemera (mayfly)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ephemera_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ephemera (disambiguation)">Ephemera (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Transient items, usually printed</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ephemera_Collection;_QV;_Advertising;_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg/220px-Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg/330px-Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg/440px-Ephemera_Collection%3B_QV%3B_Advertising%3B_1850-1_Wellcome_L0031705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2706" data-file-height="4202" /></a><figcaption>A historical example of ephemera</figcaption></figure> Ephemera are items which were not originally designed to be retained or preserved, but have been collected or retained. The word is <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologically</a> derived from the Greek ephēmeros ‘lasting only a day’.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The word is both plural and singular.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> One definition for ephemera is "the minor transient documents of everyday life".<a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-4">[4]</a> Ephemera are often paper-based, printed items, including menus, ticket stubs, newspapers, postcards, posters, sheet music, stickers, and greeting cards. However, since the 1990s, the term has been used to refer to digital artefacts or texts.<a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Printing_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing revolution">printing revolution</a>, ephemera has been a long-standing element of everyday life. Some ephemera are ornate in their design, acquiring prestige, whereas others are minimal and notably utilitarian. Virtually all conceptions of ephemera make note of the object's disposability. Collectors and special interest <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">societies</a> have contributed to a greater willingness to preserve ephemera, which is now ubiquitous in archives and library collections. Ephemera have become a source for <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> research, as ephemera reveal the <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociological</a>, historical, cultural, and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropological</a> contexts of their production and preservation. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_categorisation">Etymology and categorisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and categorisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Haft.jpg/220px-Haft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Haft.jpg/330px-Haft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Haft.jpg/440px-Haft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>The mayfly <a href="/wiki/Ephemera_danica" title="Ephemera danica">Ephemera danica</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg/220px-Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg/330px-Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg/440px-Trade_card_for_Esther_Burney_fan_shop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3029" data-file-height="2477" /></a><figcaption>A piece of ephemera circa 1749–1751, around the time Samuel Johnson may have coined the term</figcaption></figure> The etymological origin of Ephemera (ἐφήμερα) is the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> epi (ἐπί) – "on, for" and hemera (ἡμέρα) – "day". This combination generated the term ephemeron in <a href="/wiki/Neuter_(grammar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuter (grammar)">neuter</a> gender; the neuter plural form is ephemera, the source of the modern word, which can be traced back to the works of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a> The initial sense extended to the <a href="/wiki/Mayfly" title="Mayfly">mayfly</a> and other short-lived insects and flowers, belonging to the biological order <a href="/wiki/Ephemeroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeroptera">Ephemeroptera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasserman20202-7">[7]</a> In 1751, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> used the term ephemerae in reference to "the papers of the day".<a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a> This application of ephemera has been cited as the first example of aligning it with transient prints.<a href="#cite_note-:20-8">[8]</a> Ephemeral, by the mid-19th century, began to be used to generically refer to printed items.<a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a> Ephemera and <a href="/wiki/Ephemerality" title="Ephemerality">ephemerality</a> have mutual connotations of "passing time, change, and the philosophically ultimate vision of our own existence".<a href="#cite_note-:29-9">[9]</a> The degree to which ephemera is ephemeral is due in part to the value bestowed upon it. Over time, the ephemerality of certain ephemera may change, as items fall in and out of fashion or popularity with collectors.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a> Comic books, for example, were once considered ephemera; however, that perception later faded.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> As a conceptual category, ephemera has interested scholars. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jenkins" title="Henry Jenkins">Henry Jenkins</a> has argued that the emergence of ephemera, and the interest that some people show in collecting items that other people throw away, showcases the immaterial nature of culture arising in daily life.<a href="#cite_note-:28-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone20057-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rick_Prelinger" title="Rick Prelinger">Rick Prelinger</a> noted that when a piece of ephemera is preserved, and greater value is placed upon it, the object then arguably stops being ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Categorising types of ephemera has presented difficulties to fixed systems in <a href="/wiki/Library_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Library science">library science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> due to the ambiguity of the kinds of items that might be included.<a href="#cite_note-:10-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[17]</a> A piece of ephemera's purpose, field of use and geography are among the various elements relevant to its categorisation.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Challenges pertaining to ephemera include determining its creator, purpose, date and location of origin and impact thereof.<a href="#cite_note-:11-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver20106-20">[20]</a> Determining its worth in a present context, distinct from its perhaps obscured purpose, is also of interest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019634-21">[21]</a> The breadth of printed ephemera is vast and varied, often eluding simple definition.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a> Librarians often conflate ephemera with <a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">grey literature</a> whereas collectors often broaden the scope and definition of ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019637-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Esteban_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="José Esteban Muñoz">José Esteban Muñoz</a> considered the characteristics of ephemera to be subversion and social experience; <a href="/wiki/Alison_Byerly" title="Alison Byerly">Alison Byerly</a> described ephemera as the response to cultural trends.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-26">[26]</a> Wasserman, who defined ephemera as "objects destined for disappearance or destruction", categorised the following as ephemera:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasserman20202,_2362–3-27">[27]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>air transport labels</li> <li>bank checks</li> <li>bingo cards</li> <li>bookmarks</li> <li>broadsides</li> <li>bus tickets</li> <li>catalogs</li> <li>envelopes</li> <li>flyers</li> <li>maps</li> <li>menus</li> <li>newspapers</li> <li>pamphlets</li> <li>paper dolls</li> <li>postcards</li> <li>receipts</li> <li>sheet music</li> <li>stamps</li> <li>theater programs</li> <li>ticket stubs</li> <li>valentines</li></ul></div>Further items that have been categorised as ephemera include: posters, album covers, <a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">meeting minutes</a>, buttons, stickers, financial records and personal memorabilia; announcements of events in a life, such as a birth, a death, a graduation or marriage, have been described as ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:28-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Textual material, uniformly, could be considered ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a> Artistic ephemera include sand paintings, sculptures composed of intentionally transient material, graffiti, and guerrilla art.<a href="#cite_note-:4-29">[29]</a> Historically, there has been various categories of ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerMacKenzie2015150-31">[31]</a> Genres may be defined by function or encompass and detail a specific item.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a> Over 500 categories are listed in The Encyclopedia of Ephemera, ranging from the 18th to 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-:17-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms">Forms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Forms">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">There is scarcely a subject that has not generated its own ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Rickards and, the librarian, Julie Anne Lambert</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printed_ephemera">Printed ephemera</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Printed ephemera">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg/220px-Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg/330px-Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg/440px-Young_Temperance_Volunteer%27s_diploma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3725" data-file-height="2793" /></a><figcaption>The temperance movement generated a vast amount of ephemera</figcaption></figure> Commonly, printed ephemera is seen to not exceed "more than thirty-two pages in length", although some understandings are more broadly encompassing.<a href="#cite_note-:1-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussell20203-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[a]</a> Ephemera is chiefly observed as single page materials, with variance and repeat characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-:28-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-:22-38">[37]</a> The material usage of printed ephemera is very often minimal and much are without art, although a distinct design lexicon can be found in pieces.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a> Early ephemera, functionally monochromatic and predominantly textual, indicates a greater access to printing from common people and later cheap photography.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201066–67-39">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie198421-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019635–636-41">[40]</a> 17th century ephemera incorporated administrative elements and more visuals.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201074-43">[42]</a> Advertising and information are among the primary elements of ephemera; design elements, which are typically indicative of the period of origin, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Renaissance">the Renaissance</a>, likely changed in accordance to higher literacy rates.<a href="#cite_note-:28-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone20056SuarezTurner201066–67-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerMacKenzie2015145-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[b]</a> The prose of ephemera could range from pithy to relatively long (~400 words, for example).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerMacKenzie2015146-48">[46]</a> By the 19th century, color printing was present, as were vivid, creative, innovative and ornate design, due to the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerMacKenzie2015145-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019636-49">[47]</a> The modern ephemera of duplicating machines and <a href="/wiki/Photocopier" title="Photocopier">photocopiers</a> are chiefly informative.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a> Ephemera's "generic legibility" was achieved through the use of visuals, a quality that was significantly democratised by ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie198421-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurphyO'Driscoll2013199-50">[48]</a> Various forms of printed ephemera deteriorate quickly, a key element in definitions of ephemera. Although broad, pre-19th century ephemera has seldom survived.<a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:31-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:23-46">[45]</a> Much of ephemera was not intended to be disposed of.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019633-52">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Assignat" title="Assignat">Assignats</a> saw widespread contempt on account of their low-quality, endangering their survival rate.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> produced ubiquitous ephemera; some printed ephemera have had production quantities of millions, although quantifying the matter is often reliant upon limited yet vast approximation.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPettegree201779-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[c]</a> Such temperance ephemera was prominent enough to elicit contemporaneous sentimentality and disdain.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger201816-58">[55]</a> By this point, ephemera was printed by various establishments, having likely become a major element of some.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201066–67-39">[38]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marten_Ephemera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Marten_Ephemera.jpg/220px-Marten_Ephemera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Marten_Ephemera.jpg/330px-Marten_Ephemera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Marten_Ephemera.jpg/440px-Marten_Ephemera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2823" data-file-height="2486" /></a><figcaption>Smoking-related ephemera depicting a <a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">marten</a></figcaption></figure> The mid-15th century has been identified as the origin of ephemera, following the <a href="/wiki/Printing_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing Revolution">Printing Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:20-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a> Ephemera, such as religious <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgences</a>, were significant in the early days of printing.<a href="#cite_note-:29-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a> The first mass-produced ephemera is presumed to be a variant of indulgences (~1454/55).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPettegree201781-59">[56]</a> Demand for ephemera corresponded with an increasing scale of towns whereupon they were commonly dispersed on streets.<a href="#cite_note-:22-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201068-60">[57]</a> Ephemera has functioned as a substantial means of disseminating information, evident in public sectors such as tourism, finance, law and recreation and has "aided the proliferation of print media as an exchange of information".<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone20056-62">[59]</a> In their times, ephemera has been used for documentation, education, belligerence, critique and propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-:2-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAleerMacKenzie2015143-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[d]</a> Lottery tickets, playbills and <a href="/wiki/Trade_card" title="Trade card">trade cards</a> have been among the most prominent ephemera of eras, such as the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">Civil War</a> eras.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBellows2020159–160-71">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panoramic_painting" title="Panoramic painting">Panoramic paintings</a> were a far-reaching class of ephemera, few remaining as a result.<a href="#cite_note-:15-72">[68]</a> Junk mail is a contemporary example of prominent ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone20056-62">[59]</a> Ephemera's mundane ubiquity is a relatively modern phenomenon, evidenced by <a href="/wiki/Henri_B%C3%A9raldi" title="Henri Béraldi">Henri Béraldi</a>'s amazed writings on their proliferation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIskinSalsbury2019119-73">[69]</a> Ubiquitous descriptions of printed ephemera have extended back to the 1840s and by the turn of the century, a time in which a deluge of ephemera had become commonplace, "readers [were] defined by their relationship with print ephemera".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger201814-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEliotRose2019472–473-76">[72]</a> Discussing an increase in ephemera by the mid-19th century, <a href="/wiki/Eneas_Sweetland_Dallas" title="Eneas Sweetland Dallas">E.S Dallas</a> wrote that new etiquette had been introduced, thus "a new era" was to follow, espousing the impression that authorship and literature were no longer hermetic.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_ephemera">Digital ephemera</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Digital ephemera">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, librarian Richard Stone wrote that the internet "can be seen as the ultimate in ephemera with its vast amount of information and advertising which is extremely transitory and volatile in nature, and vulnerable to change or deletion".<a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a> Multiple academics have described digital ephemera as being possibly more vulnerable than traditional forms.<a href="#cite_note-:31-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a> Internet memes and selfies have been described as forms of ephemera and various modern print ephemera features a digital component.<a href="#cite_note-:26-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> Commonly printed ephemera increasingly only manifests digitally.<a href="#cite_note-:30-81">[77]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Library</a> defines "e-ephemera" as the digital-born content and <a href="/wiki/Paratext" title="Paratext">paratext</a> of an email, typically of a promotional variety, produced by cultural institutions; similar in nature, monographs, catalogues and micro-sites are excluded, per being considered e-books.<a href="#cite_note-:26-79">[75]</a> Websites, such as those of an administrative nature, have seen description as ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> The likes of <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> feature accounts dedicated to displaying graphically designed ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> Digital ephemera is of comparable nature to printed ephemera, although it is even more prevalent and subject to altering perceptions of ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:30-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIskinSalsbury2019125-85">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasserman2020236-86">[82]</a> Holly Callaghan of the Tate Library noted a proliferation of "e-ephemera"; an increased reliance upon this form of ephemera has engendered concern, with note to later accessibility and a difficultly to those outside of the intended recipients.<a href="#cite_note-:26-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> Citing ostensibly infinite digital storage, Wasserman said that the category, ephemera, may cease to exist, its contents have being ultimately preserved.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasserman2020231-89">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting">Collecting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collecting">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="British Ministry of Health poster." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg/220px-Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg/330px-Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg/440px-Coughs_and_Sneezes_Spread_Diseases_-_British_Ministry_of_Health.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4497" data-file-height="6527" /></a><figcaption>20th-century ephemera from the UK </figcaption></figure> Ephemera has long been substantially collected, both with and without intention, presevering what may be the only remaining reproductions.<a href="#cite_note-:8-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-:32-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone200513-92">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> families pasted their <a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">collections</a> of ephemera, acquiring the likes of scraps and trade cards, in scrapbooks whereas Georgian curators thoroughly archived ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEField201981-94">[90]</a> It was a private endeavour, with little outward cultural presence, although an eminent interpersonal function.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger20182-95">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_card" title="Cigarette card">Cigarette cards</a> were widely collected, by-design.<a href="#cite_note-:0-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKenzie198417-97">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[e]</a> Contemporarily, institutions have attempted to preserve digital ephemera, although problems may exist in regards to scope and interest.<a href="#cite_note-:17-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:26-79">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> Ephemera has been considered for curation since the 1970s, due in part to collectors, at which point <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">societies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">professional associations</a> and publications regarding ephemera arose.<a href="#cite_note-:6-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haug-101">[96]</a> Although ephemera is a global occurrence, interest is chiefly present in Britain and America.<a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2010234–35Blum2019xix-102">[97]</a> Ephemera collections can be idiosyncratic, sequential and difficult to peruse.<a href="#cite_note-:17-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-103">[98]</a> Multiple scholars articulated a connection to the past, such as <a href="/wiki/Nostalgia" title="Nostalgia">nostalgia</a>, as a key motivation for ephemera collecting.<a href="#cite_note-:17-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-:32-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver2010135,_188-105">[100]</a> Such a connection has been described as evocative and atmospheric; the memory as <a href="/wiki/Collective_memory" title="Collective memory">collective</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">cultural</a>; the nostalgia as <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> and the ephemera associated with melancholy.<a href="#cite_note-:14-106">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStone200513-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasserman2020230-107">[102]</a> Aesthetics, academic advancement and existential <a href="/wiki/Ephemerality" title="Ephemerality">ephemerality</a> have also been seen as motivation.<a href="#cite_note-:32-91">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academia">edit</a>]</div> The study of print ephemera has seen much contention; various viewpoints and interpretations have been proposed from scholars, with comparisons to <a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">folklore studies</a> and popular culture studies, due to the invoking of "remembrance and echoed retellings" and contending that which is more prestigious, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:7-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a> Literature around ephemera concern its production, varieties: trade cards, broadside ballads, chapbooks, almanacs, and newspapers; scholars predominately examine ephemera post-19th century due to greater quantities thereof.<a href="#cite_note-:22-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201068-60">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-:25-111">[106]</a> A significant amount of scholars have been collectors, archivists and amateurs, particularly at the inception of ephemera studies, a now burgeoning academic field.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussell20203-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-:33-112">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIskinSalsbury2019118-113">[108]</a> Digitisation of ephemera has provided accessibility and spurred renewed interest, following the "few writings" present at the start of the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-:27-114">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-:24-115">[110]</a> As a source, ephemera has been widely accepted.<a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a> Ephemera has been credited with illustrating social dynamics, including daily life, communication, social mobility and the enforcement of social norms.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a> Furthermore, varied cultures from differing groups can be assessed via ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:122-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:192-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger201822-116">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[f]</a> Ephemera, to Rickards, documents "the other side of history...[which] contains all sorts of human qualities that would otherwise be edited out".<a href="#cite_note-:33-112">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Found_Footage_Festival" title="Found Footage Festival">Found Footage Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelinger_Archives" title="Prelinger Archives">Prelinger Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Show_with_No_Name" title="The Show with No Name">The Show with No Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeral">Ephemeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephemeris" title="Ephemeris">Ephemeris</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> A qualifier from the National Library of Australia, devised in 1992, virtually excluded material of more than five pages.<a href="#cite_note-:18-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typefaces</a> were an advertising component present prominently in 19th-century ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-:23-46">[45]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Ephemera relating to beer, wine and <a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">drinking</a> is vast and developed in accordance with drinking movements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaver201041–50-56">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Soon after, political propaganda arose as a category of ephemera.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuarezTurner201078-68">[65]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> In an overview of ephemera, Rickards and Lambert wrote that the specification of cigarette cards as collectable means they should not be classified as ephemera, though rarely is this distinction acknowledged.<a href="#cite_note-:16-33">[33]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> of 1849, by means of visual ephemera, the citizens of San Francisco, regardless of race or class, "were exposed to one another".<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095754277">"ephemera"</a>. 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RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage. 9 (1): 142–156. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Frbm.9.1.304">10.5860/rbm.9.1.304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RBM%3A+A+Journal+of+Rare+Books%2C+Manuscripts%2C+and+Cultural+Heritage&rft.atitle=Immortalizing+the+Mayfly%3A+Permanent+Ephemera%3A+An+Illusion+or+a+%28Virtual%29+Reality%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=142-156&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Frbm.9.1.304&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Julie+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frbm.acrl.org%2Findex.php%2Frbm%2Farticle%2Fview%2F304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZieger201822-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZieger201822_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFZieger2018">Zieger 2018</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippert2018" class="citation book cs1">Lippert, Amy DeFalco (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190268978.001.0001/oso-9780190268978">Consuming Identities</a>. 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University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5149%2Fnorthcarolina%2F9781469655543.001.0001">10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655543.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5554-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5554-3"><bdi>978-1-4696-5554-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225964519">225964519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Slavery+and+Russian+Serfdom+in+the+Post-Emancipation+Imagination&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225964519%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5149%2Fnorthcarolina%2F9781469655543.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-5554-3&rft.aulast=Bellows&rft.aufirst=Amanda+Brickell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorthcarolina.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.5149%2Fnorthcarolina%2F9781469655543.001.0001%2Fupso-9781469655543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlum2019" class="citation book cs1">Blum, Hester (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/65200">The News at the Ends of the Earth: The Print Culture of Polar Exploration</a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-0448-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-0448-6"><bdi>978-1-4780-0448-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+News+at+the+Ends+of+the+Earth%3A+The+Print+Culture+of+Polar+Exploration&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4780-0448-6&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=Hester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F65200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Buday, György. (1971). The History of the Christmas Card. Salisbury Square.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliotRose2019" class="citation book cs1">Eliot, Simon; Rose, Jonathan, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1099543594">A Companion to the History of the Book</a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-01821-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-01821-6"><bdi>978-1-119-01821-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1099543594">1099543594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+History+of+the+Book&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1099543594&rft.isbn=978-1-119-01821-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1099543594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField2019" class="citation book cs1">Field, Hannah (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/66674">Playing with the Book: Victorian Movable Picture Books and the Child Reader</a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-5958-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-5958-0"><bdi>978-1-4529-5958-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playing+with+the+Book%3A+Victorian+Movable+Picture+Books+and+the+Child+Reader&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4529-5958-0&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F66674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIskinSalsbury2019" class="citation book cs1">Iskin, Ruth E.; Salsbury, Britany, eds. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/collecting-prints-posters-and-ephemera-9781501338496/">Collecting Prints, Posters, and Ephemera</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. Retrieved 2021-12-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collecting+Prints%2C+Posters%2C+and+Ephemera&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fuk%2Fcollecting-prints-posters-and-ephemera-9781501338496%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAleerMacKenzie2015" class="citation book cs1">McAleer, John; MacKenzie, John, eds. (2015). Exhibiting the Empire: Cultures of Display and the British Empire. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-9109-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-9109-4"><bdi>978-0-7190-9109-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exhibiting+the+Empire%3A+Cultures+of+Display+and+the+British+Empire&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-9109-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1984" class="citation book cs1">MacKenzie, John (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10208219">Propaganda and Empire: The Manipulation of British Public Opinion, 1880-1960</a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1499-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1499-9"><bdi>0-7190-1499-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10208219">10208219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Propaganda+and+Empire%3A+The+Manipulation+of+British+Public+Opinion%2C+1880-1960&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10208219&rft.isbn=0-7190-1499-9&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F10208219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphyO'Driscoll2013" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Kevin; O'Driscoll, Sally, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/812254905">Studies in Ephemera : Text and Image in Eighteenth-Century Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bucknell_University_Press" title="Bucknell University Press">Bucknell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-494-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-494-6"><bdi>978-1-61148-494-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/812254905">812254905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Ephemera+%3A+Text+and+Image+in+Eighteenth-Century+Print&rft.pub=Bucknell+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F812254905&rft.isbn=978-1-61148-494-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F812254905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettegree2017" class="citation book cs1">Pettegree, Andrew, ed. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwnfd">Broadsheets: Single-sheet Publishing in the First Age of Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34030-5"><bdi>978-90-04-34030-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwnfd">10.1163/j.ctv2gjwnfd</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Broadsheets%3A+Single-sheet+Publishing+in+the+First+Age+of+Print&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctv2gjwnfd%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34030-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1163%2Fj.ctv2gjwnfd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2020" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Gillian (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/ephemeral-eighteenth-century/4F9B8D61D476ED883A5B739C720BBD4F">The Ephemeral Eighteenth Century: Print, Sociability, and the Cultures of Collecting</a>. Cambridge Studies in Romanticism. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48758-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-48758-0"><bdi>978-1-108-48758-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ephemeral+Eighteenth+Century%3A+Print%2C+Sociability%2C+and+the+Cultures+of+Collecting&rft.series=Cambridge+Studies+in+Romanticism&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-108-48758-0&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Gillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fephemeral-eighteenth-century%2F4F9B8D61D476ED883A5B739C720BBD4F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2005" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3413498">Fragments of the Everyday: A Book of Australian Ephemera</a>. National Library of Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27601-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27601-8"><bdi>978-0-642-27601-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fragments+of+the+Everyday%3A+A+Book+of+Australian+Ephemera&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Australia&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-642-27601-8&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalogue.nla.gov.au%2FRecord%2F3413498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuarezTurner2010" class="citation book cs1">Suarez, Michael F. SJ; Turner, Michael L., eds. (2010). <a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_the_Book_in_Britain" title="The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain">The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain</a>. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fchol9780521810173">10.1017/chol9780521810173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139056069" title="Special:BookSources/9781139056069"><bdi>9781139056069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+Book+in+Britain&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fchol9780521810173&rft.isbn=9781139056069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasserman2020" class="citation book cs1">Wasserman, Sarah (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/78266">The Death of Things: Ephemera and the American Novel</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-6414-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4529-6414-0"><bdi>978-1-4529-6414-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+Things%3A+Ephemera+and+the+American+Novel&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4529-6414-0&rft.aulast=Wasserman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F78266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2010" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, William Woys (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794663706">Culinary Ephemera : an Illustrated History</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94706-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94706-1"><bdi>978-0-520-94706-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/794663706">794663706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culinary+Ephemera+%3A+an+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F794663706&rft.isbn=978-0-520-94706-1&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=William+Woys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F794663706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZieger2018" class="citation book cs1">Zieger, Susan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/59089">The Mediated Mind: Affect, Ephemera, and Consumerism in the Nineteenth Century</a>. Fordham University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-7985-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8232-7985-2"><bdi>978-0-8232-7985-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mediated+Mind%3A+Affect%2C+Ephemera%2C+and+Consumerism+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-7985-2&rft.aulast=Zieger&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fbook%2F59089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Printed Ephemera: The Changing Uses of Type and Letterforms in English and American Printing, <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_(typographer)" title="John Lewis (typographer)">John Lewis</a>, Ipswich, Suffolk, Eng.: W. S. Cowell, 1962</li> <li>The Encyclopedia of Ephemera: A Guide to the Fragmentary Documents of Everyday Life for the Collector, Curator, and Historian by Maurice Rickards et alia. London: The British Library; New York: Routledge, 2000.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/apps/onlineshop?action=OLSDisplay&id=nla.int-ls27601-bk">Fragments of the Everyday: A Book of Australian Ephemera</a> by Richard Stone (2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-642-27601-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-642-27601-3">0-642-27601-3</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwyman2002" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Twyman" title="Michael Twyman">Twyman, Michael</a> (August 2002). "Ephemera: whose responsibility are they?". Library and Information Update. 1 (5): 54–55. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-7171">1476-7171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+and+Information+Update&rft.atitle=Ephemera%3A+whose+responsibility+are+they%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=54-55&rft.date=2002-08&rft.issn=1476-7171&rft.aulast=Twyman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ephemeron" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ephemeron">ephemeron</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ephemera" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ephemera">Ephemera</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemerasociety.org.au/">Ephemera Society of Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemera-society.org.uk/">The Ephemera Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemerasociety.org/">Ephemera Society of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/broadsides-and-other-printed-ephemera/about-this-collection/">Printed Ephemera</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/">Rare Book and Special Collections Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alga.org.au/the-collection#ephemera">Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives – Ephemera Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115235646/http://alga.org.au/the-collection#ephemera">Archived</a> 2019-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nla.gov.au/find/ephemera.html">National Library of Australia – Ephemera Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ggarchives.com/">GG Archives – Ephemera Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/evancoll/index.html">British Library – Evanian Collection of Ephemera</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713133624/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/evancoll/index.html">Archived</a> 2017-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/our-collections/what-we-collect/ephemera">State Library of Victoria – Ephemera</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140430125804/http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/our-collections/what-we-collect/ephemera">Archived</a> 2014-04-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liswa.wa.gov.au/waephemera.html">State Library of Western Australia – Ephemera</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johngrossmancollection.com/">The John Grossman Collection of Antique Images</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028232252/http://newzealandephemerist.org/">New Zealand Ephemera Society website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnf.fr/fr/les-collections-dimagerie-et-dephemera">Bibliothèque Nationale de France – Ephemera</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemerastudies.org">ephemerastudies.org</a> at Louisiana Tech University</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheaff" class="citation web cs1">Sheaff, Dick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheaff-ephemera.com/">"Sheaff: Ephemera"</a>. Ephemera. Retrieved 12 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ephemera&rft.atitle=Sheaff%3A+Ephemera&rft.aulast=Sheaff&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheaff-ephemera.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEphemera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/Search.do?destacadas1=Ephemera&home=true&languageView=en">Collection of digitized ephemera</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Digital_Hisp%C3%A1nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Digital Hispánica (page does not exist)">Biblioteca Digital Hispánica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ephemerajournal.org">Ephemerajournal. theory & politics of organization</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&oldid=1256492502">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ephemera&oldid=1256492502</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ephemera" title="Category:Ephemera">Ephemera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_collecting" title="Category:Book collecting">Book collecting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Documents" title="Category:Documents">Documents</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 05:06 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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