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<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Tribe" title="Laurence Tribe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Laurence Tribe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC" title="लॉरेंस ट्राइब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लॉरेंस ट्राइब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="لاورينس تريب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاورينس تريب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American lawyer and Harvard Law School professor</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Laurence Tribe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png/220px-Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png/330px-Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png/440px-Larry_Tribe_in_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="1118" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tribe in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Laurence Henry Tribe</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1941-10-10</span>) </span>October 10, 1941<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 83)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>’s Henry M. Phillips Prize in Jurisprudence (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Tobriner" title="Mathew Tobriner">Tobriner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Stewart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_Ely" title="John Hart Ely">Ely</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law_of_the_United_States" title="Constitutional law of the United States">Constitutional law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><sup id="cite_ref-beststu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beststu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a><sup id="cite_ref-roberts_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a><sup id="cite_ref-20150407nytimes-us_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20150407nytimes-us-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a><sup id="cite_ref-garland_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garland-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Sullivan_(lawyer)" title="Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer)">Kathleen Sullivan</a><sup id="cite_ref-beststu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beststu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Jamie Raskin</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Adam Schiff</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Laurence Henry Tribe</b> (born October 10, 1941) is an American legal scholar who is a University Professor Emeritus at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. He previously served as the Carl M. Loeb University Professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. </p><p>A constitutional law scholar,<sup id="cite_ref-Association1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Association1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-archive201106142344_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive201106142344-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe is co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Society" title="American Constitution Society">American Constitution Society</a>. He is also the author of <i>American Constitutional Law</i> (1978), a major treatise in that field, and has argued before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> 36 times.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo-justice_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-justice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_education">Personal life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tribe was born in 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, which was then part of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> but had been taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> in 1937 following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">Battle of Shanghai</a>. He was the son of Paulina (<i>née</i> Diatlovitsky) and George Israel Tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family is Jewish. His father was from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and his mother was born in <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a> to immigrants from Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-bight1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bight1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20061018thecrimson-a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20061018thecrimson-a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe spent his early years in the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_French_Concession" title="Shanghai French Concession">French Concession of Shanghai</a> before his family immigrated to the United States when he was six years old.<sup id="cite_ref-bight1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bight1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HarvGazette_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarvGazette-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family settled in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, and he attended <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(San_Francisco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln High School (San Francisco)">Abraham Lincoln High School</a>. </p><p>After graduating from high school in 1958 at age 16, Tribe went to <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, where he majored in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and was a member of the Harvard Debate Team that won the intercollegiate <a href="/wiki/National_Debate_Tournament" title="National Debate Tournament">National Debate Tournament</a> in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from Harvard in 1962 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Latin_honors#United_States" title="Latin honors">summa cum laude</a></i>. </p><p>Tribe then received a <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> fellowship to pursue doctoral studies in mathematics at Harvard, but dropped out after one year.<sup id="cite_ref-HarvGazette_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarvGazette-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He decided to attend the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> instead, where he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Legal_Aid_Bureau" title="Harvard Legal Aid Bureau">Harvard Legal Aid Bureau</a>. He graduated from Harvard Law in 1966 with a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> <i>magna cum laude</i>. </p><p>Tribe married Carolyn Ricarda Kreye in 1964. They divorced in 2008. Their two children, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tribe" title="Mark Tribe">Mark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Tribe" title="Kerry Tribe">Kerry</a>, are visual artists.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 22, 2013, he was presented with an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> during its Class of 2013 <a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">commencement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from law school, Tribe <a href="/wiki/Law_clerk" title="Law clerk">clerked</a> for justice <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Tobriner" title="Mathew Tobriner">Mathew Tobriner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court of California</a> from 1966 to 1967, then for justice <a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Potter Stewart</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> from 1967 to 1968. He then joined the Harvard Law School faculty as an assistant professor, receiving tenure in 1972. Among his law students and research assistants while on the faculty at Harvard have been former President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (a research assistant for over two years),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> former <a href="/wiki/D.C._Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="D.C. Circuit">D.C. Circuit</a> Chief Judge and <a href="/wiki/U.S._attorney_general" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. attorney general">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable students of Tribe were U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Adam Schiff</a>, Chair of the <a href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a> and lead manager for the first <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20191001bostonglobe-adam_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20191001bostonglobe-adam-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Jamie Raskin</a>, lead manager for the second Donald Trump impeachment.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Tribe published the first version of what has become one of the core texts on its subject, <i>American Constitutional Law</i>. It has since been updated and expanded a number of times.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Tribe represented <a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon">Sun Myung Moon</a> in the appeal of his federal conviction on income tax charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe represented the restaurant <a href="/wiki/Grendel%27s_Den" title="Grendel's Den">Grendel's Den</a> in the case <i><a href="/wiki/Larkin_v._Grendel%27s_Den,_Inc." title="Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.">Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc.</a></i>, in which the restaurant challenged a Massachusetts law that allowed religious establishments to prohibit liquor sales in neighboring properties. The case reached the United States Supreme Court in 1982 and the court overturned the law as violating the separation of church and state.<sup id="cite_ref-Epps2001_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epps2001-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well</i> criticizes the opening of his brief as a "thicket of confusing citations and unnecessary definitions" stating that it would have been "measurably strengthened" if he had used the "more lively imagery" that he had used in a footnote later in the document.<sup id="cite_ref-GoldsteinLieberman2002_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoldsteinLieberman2002-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1985 <i><a href="/wiki/National_Gay_Task_Force_v._Board_of_Education" title="National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education">National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education</a></i> Supreme Court case, Tribe represented the National Gay Task Force who had won an Appeals Court ruling against an Oklahoma law that would have allowed schools to fire teachers who were attracted to people of the same sex or spoke in favor of civil rights for gay people. The Supreme Court deadlocked, which left the Appeals Court's favorable ruling in place, declaring the law would have violated the First Amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-Blount2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blount2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Supreme Court ruled against Tribe's client in <i><a href="/wiki/Bowers_v._Hardwick" title="Bowers v. Hardwick">Bowers v. Hardwick</a></i> in 1986 and held that a <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> state law criminalizing <a href="/wiki/Sodomy" title="Sodomy">sodomy</a>, as applied to consensual acts between persons of the same sex, did not violate fundamental liberties under the principle of substantive <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a>. However, in 2003 the Supreme Court overruled <i>Bowers</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a></i>, a case for which Tribe wrote the ACLU's <a href="/wiki/Amicus_curiae" title="Amicus curiae">amicus curiae</a> brief supporting Lawrence, who was represented by <a href="/wiki/Lambda_Legal" title="Lambda Legal">Lambda Legal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blount2005_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blount2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png/220px-Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png/330px-Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png/440px-Larry_Tribe_Testifying.png 2x" data-file-width="1652" data-file-height="1234" /></a><figcaption>Tribe in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>Tribe testified at length during the Senate confirmation hearings in 1987 about the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination">Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination</a>, arguing that Bork's stand on the limitation of rights in the Constitution would be unique in the history of the Court.<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner2007_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His participation in the hearings raised his profile outside of the legal realm and he became a target of right-wing critics.<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner2007_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His phone was later found to have been <a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">wiretapped</a>, but it has never been discovered who had placed the device or why.<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner2007_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner2007-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe's 1990 book <i>Abortion: Clash of Absolutes</i>, was called "informative, lucidly written and cogently reasoned" in a review in the <i>Journal</i> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">American Bar Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Association1990_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Association1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Tribe reargued <i><a href="/wiki/Cipollone_v._Liggett_Group,_Inc." title="Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.">Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc</a>.</i>, before the Supreme Court on behalf of Cipollone.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe was part of <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>'s legal team regarding the results of the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 United States presidential election</a>. Due to the close nature of the vote count, <a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">recounts had been initiated in Florida</a>, and the recounts had been challenged in court. Tribe argued the initial case in Federal Court in Miami in which they successfully argued that the court should not stop the recount of the votes which was taking place and scheduled to take place in certain counties.<sup id="cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toobin2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a> argued for the Gore team in a related matter in the Florida State Courts regarding the dates that <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Florida" title="Secretary of State of Florida">Secretary of State of Florida</a> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a> would accept recounts.<sup id="cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toobin2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the original Federal case, <i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i>, was appealed, Gore and his advisers decided at the last minute to have Boies instead of Tribe argue the case at the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toobin2002-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court determined that recounts of votes should cease and that accordingly George W. Bush had been elected president. </p><p>Since the mid-1990s, Tribe has represented a number of corporations advocating for their free speech rights and constitutional personhood.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker_2015-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe represented <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> in its defense against its liability under the <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act</a> ("Superfund"), in which GE and Tribe unsuccessfully argued that the act unconstitutionally violated General Electric's <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">due process</a> rights.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker_2015-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-findlaw20090226_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-findlaw20090226-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Tribe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Larry_Tribe.png/220px-Larry_Tribe.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Larry_Tribe.png/330px-Larry_Tribe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Larry_Tribe.png/440px-Larry_Tribe.png 2x" data-file-width="1146" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Tribe testifying in front of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a> in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2014, Tribe was retained to represent <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Energy" title="Peabody Energy">Peabody Energy</a> in a suit against the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Tribe argued that EPA's use of the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a> to implement its <a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a> was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-20150320nytimes-us_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20150320nytimes-us-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe's legal analysis has been criticized by other legal commentators, including fellow Harvard Law School professors Richard J. Lazarus and Jody Freeman, who described his conclusion as "wholly without merit".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20150325politico_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20150325politico-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His advocacy for corporations like Peabody has been criticized by some legal experts.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Yorker_2015-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 25, 2020, Tribe was named as one of the 25 members of the "Real Facebook Oversight Board", an independent monitoring group over <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_involvement">Political involvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tribe is one of the co-founders of the liberal <a href="/wiki/American_Constitution_Society" title="American Constitution Society">American Constitution Society</a>, the law and policy organization formed to counter the conservative <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a>, and is one of a number of scholars at Harvard Law School who have expressed their support for <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animal rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AAMC_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAMC-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe served as a judicial adviser to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_2008_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign">Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beststu_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beststu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Egelko2008_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egelko2008-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2010, he was named "Senior Counselor for Access to Justice" in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wapo-justice_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-justice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harvard_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvard-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned eight months later, citing health reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2016, Tribe and notable lawyers <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> and Andrew Dhuey established The Electors Trust under the aegis of <a href="/wiki/Equal_Citizens" title="Equal Citizens">Equal Citizens</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> legal counsel as well as a secure communications platform for those of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_electors,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States presidential electors, 2016">538 members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">United States Electoral College</a> who were considering a <a href="/wiki/Unfaithful_elector" class="mw-redirect" title="Unfaithful elector">vote of conscience</a> against <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Electors_Trust_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Electors_Trust-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">dismissal of James Comey</a> in May 2017, Tribe wrote: "The time has come for Congress to launch an impeachment investigation of President Trump for <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>." Tribe argued that Trump's conduct rose to the level of "<a href="/wiki/High_crimes_and_misdemeanors" title="High crimes and misdemeanors">high crimes and misdemeanors</a>" that are impeachable offenses under the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribe_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribe-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He added: "It will require serious commitment to constitutional principle, and courageous willingness to put devotion to the national interest above self-interest and party loyalty, for a Congress of the president's own party to initiate an impeachment inquiry."<sup id="cite_ref-Tribe_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribe-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe is on the board of the <a href="/wiki/Renew_Democracy_Initiative" title="Renew Democracy Initiative">Renew Democracy Initiative</a>, an American political organization founded in 2017 to promote and defend <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> in the U.S. and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-20180425washingtonpost-6170f646_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20180425washingtonpost-6170f646-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, Tribe acknowledged having <a href="/wiki/Plagiarized" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagiarized">plagiarized</a> several phrases and a sentence in his 1985 book, <i>God Save this Honorable Court</i>, from a 1974 book by <a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Abraham" title="Henry J. Abraham">Henry Abraham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20041004weeklystandard_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20041004weeklystandard-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20041124nytimes-nyregion_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20041124nytimes-nyregion-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After an investigation, Tribe was reprimanded by Harvard for "a significant lapse in proper academic practice," but the investigation concluded that Tribe did not intend to plagiarize.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tribe has stirred controversy due to his promotion of conspiracy theories about Donald Trump's fitness for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dartmouth political scientist <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Nyhan" title="Brendan Nyhan">Brendan Nyhan</a> harshly criticized Tribe, saying that he "has become an important vector of misinformation and conspiracy theories on Twitter."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to McKay Coppins of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>, Tribe has been "an especially active booster" of the <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Report" title="Palmer Report">Palmer Report</a>, "a liberal blog known for peddling conspiracy theories".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tribe removed the posted tweets following the Palmer Report and contests the accuracy of the story of controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 8, 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro" title="Kenneth Chesebro">Kenneth Chesebro</a>, who initially laid out "a plot to use <a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">false slates of electors</a> to subvert the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>", referred to comments by Tribe, to which Tribe responded that his referred comments were "a gross misrepresentation of my scholarship” by Chesebro, and were "taken out of context".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20230808_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20230808-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 19, 2023, several legal constitutional scholars, including conservative legal scholar <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">J. Michael Luttig</a> and Tribe,<sup id="cite_ref-ATL-20230819_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ATL-20230819-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have argued that the former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> is now barred from presidential office under section 3 of the 14th Amendment because of his apparent support for the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cases">Cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following is a list of cases Tribe has argued in the Supreme Court, as of the end of 2005: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case </th> <th>Citation </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_448" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 448">448</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=448&page=555">555</a></td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Heffron v. International Society for Krishna Consciousness</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_452" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 452">452</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=452&page=640">640</a></td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Crawford v. Board of Education</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_458" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 458">458</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=458&page=527">527</a></td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Larkin v. Grendel’s Den, Inc.</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_459" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 459">459</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=459&page=116">116</a></td> <td>1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>White v. Massachusetts Council</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_460" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 460">460</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=460&page=204">204</a></td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Pacific Gas & Electric v. California</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_461" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 461">461</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=461&page=190">190</a></td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hawaii Housing Auth. v. Midkiff</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_467" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 467">467</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=467&page=229">229</a></td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Northeast Bancorp v. Fed. Reserve</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_472" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 472">472</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=472&page=159">159</a></td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/National_Gay_Task_Force_v._Board_of_Education" title="National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education">National Gay Task Force v. Board of Education</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_470" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 470">470</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=470&page=159">159</a></td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Fisher v. City of Berkeley</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_475" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 475">475</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=475&page=260">260</a></td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bowers_v._Hardwick" title="Bowers v. Hardwick">Bowers v. Hardwick</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_478" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 478">478</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=478&page=186">186</a></td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Pennzoil v. Texaco</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_481" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 481">481</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=481&page=1">1</a></td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Schweiker_v._Chilicky" title="Schweiker v. Chilicky">Schweiker v. Chilicky</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_487" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 487">487</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=487&page=412">412</a></td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Granfinanciera v. Nordberg</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_492" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 492">492</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=492&page=33">33</a></td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sable Communications v. FCC</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_492" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 492">492</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=492&page=115">115</a></td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Adams Fruit v. Barrett</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_494" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 494">494</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=494&page=638">638</a></td> <td>1990 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rust_v._Sullivan" title="Rust v. Sullivan">Rust v. Sullivan</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_500" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 500">500</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=500&page=173">173</a></td> <td>1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cipollone_v._Liggett_Group,_Inc." title="Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc.">Cipollone v. Liggett</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_505" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 505">505</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=505&page=504">504</a></td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>TXO v. Alliance Resources</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_509" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 509">509</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=509&page=443">443</a></td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Honda_Motor_Co._v._Oberg" title="Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg">Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_512" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 512">512</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=512&page=415">415</a></td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_516" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 516">516</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=516&page=415">415</a></td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Timmons v. Twin Cities Area New Party</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_520" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 520">520</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=520&page=351">351</a></td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Vacco_v._Quill" title="Vacco v. Quill">Vacco v. Quill</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_521" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 521">521</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=521&page=793">793</a></td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Amchem Products v. Windsor</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_521" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 521">521</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=521&page=591">591</a></td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Baker v. General Motors</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_522" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 522">522</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=522&page=222">222</a></td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>AT&T v. Iowa Utilities Board</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_525" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 525">525</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=525&page=366">366</a></td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ortiz v. Fibreboard</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_527" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 527">527</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=527&page=815">815</a></td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board" title="Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board">Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_531" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 531">531</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=531&page=70">70</a></td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Tasini" title="New York Times Co. v. Tasini">New York Times Co. v. Tasini</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_533" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 533">533</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=533&page=438">438</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. United Foods</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_533" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 533">533</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=533&page=405">405</a></td> <td>2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>FCC v. NextWave</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_537" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 537">537</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=537&page=293">293</a></td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/State_Farm_v._Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="State Farm v. Campbell">State Farm v. Campbell</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_538" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 538">538</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=538&page=408">408</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Nike v. Kasky</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_539" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 539">539</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=654">654</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_544" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 544">544</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=544&page=550">550</a></td> <td>2005 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tribe has argued 26 cases in the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Case </th> <th>Citation </th> <th>Circuit </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Worldwide Church of God v. California</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/623/f2d/613/worldwide-church-of-god-inc-v-state-of-california-j-r">623 F.2d 613</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></td> <td>9th</td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Grendel's Den v. Goodwin</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/662/f2d/102/grendels-den-inc-v-n-goodwin-grendels-den-inc">662 F.2d 102</a></td> <td>1st</td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Pacific Legal Foundation v. State Energy Resources</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/659/f2d/903/659-f2d-903-pacific-v-state">659 F.2d 903</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></td> <td>9th</td> <td>1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Sun_Myung_Moon" title="United States v. Sun Myung Moon">United States v. Sun Myung Moon</a></i></td> <td>718 F.2d 1210</td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Romany v. Colegio de Abogados</i></td> <td>742 F.2d 32</td> <td>1st</td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Westmoreland v. CBS</i></td> <td>752 F.2d 16</td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1984 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Colombrito v. Kelly</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/764/f2d/122/colombrito-v-g-kelly">764 F.2d 122</a></td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Texaco v. Pennzoil</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/784/f2d/1133/texaco-inc-v-pennzoil-company">784 F.2d 1133</a></td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. Bank of New England</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/821/f2d/844/united-states-v-bank-of-new-england-na">821 F.2d 844</a></td> <td>1st</td> <td>1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. Gallo</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjurist.org/859/f2d/1078/united-states-v-n-gallo">859 F.2d 1078</a></td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. GAF Corporation</i></td> <td>884 F.2d 670</td> <td>2nd</td> <td>1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. Western Electric Company</i></td> <td>900 F.2d 283</td> <td>D.C.</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Fineman v. Armstrong World Industries</i></td> <td>980 F.2d 171</td> <td>D.C.</td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. v. Western Electric Company</i></td> <td>993 F.2d 1572</td> <td>D.C.</td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Lightning Lube v. Witco Corporation</i></td> <td>4 F.3d 1153</td> <td>3rd</td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hopkins v. Dow Corning Corporation</i></td> <td>33 F.3d 1116</td> <td>9th</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone v. U.S.</i></td> <td>42 F.3d 181</td> <td>4th</td> <td>1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Georgine v. Amchem Products, Inc.</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=3rd&navby=case&no=961312P">83 F.3d 610</a></td> <td>3rd</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>BellSouth Corp. v. F.C.C.</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=dc&navby=case&no=971113A">144 F.3d 58</a></td> <td>D.C.</td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/SBC_Communications_v._F.C.C." class="mw-redirect" title="SBC Communications v. F.C.C.">SBC Communications v. F.C.C.</a></i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.findlaw.com/5th/9810140cv0.html">154 F.3d 226</a></td> <td>5th</td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>City of Dallas v. F.C.C.</i></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.findlaw.com/5th/9660502cv0.html165">F.3d 341</a></td> <td>5th</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. West v. Tristani</i></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920142949/http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-2053.pdf">"182 F.3d 1202"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-2053.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=182+F.3d+1202&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ck10.uscourts.gov%2Fopinions%2F98%2F98-2053.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span> (90.5 KB)</td> <td>10th</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>U.S. West v. F.C.C.</i></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920150907/http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-9518.pdf">"182 F.3d 1224"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/98/98-9518.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=182+F.3d+1224&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ck10.uscourts.gov%2Fopinions%2F98%2F98-9518.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span> (220 KB)</td> <td>10th</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Southwest Voter Registration v. Shelley</i></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/BE5FACF826D7E79788256DAA00565FD7/$file/0356498eb.pdf">"344 F.3d 914"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=344+F.3d+914&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ca9.uscourts.gov%2Fca9%2Fnewopinions.nsf%2FBE5FACF826D7E79788256DAA00565FD7%2F%24file%2F0356498eb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span> (23.0 KB)</td> <td>9th</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Pacific Gas and Elec. v. California</i></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/9th/0216990ap.pdf">"350 F.3d 932"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=350+F.3d+932&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.lp.findlaw.com%2Fdata2%2Fcircs%2F9th%2F0216990ap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span> (144 KB)</td> <td>9th</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>General Electric v. E.P.A.</i></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071127105625/http://login.findlaw.com/scripts/case_login?dest=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data2/circs/dc/035114a.pdf">"360 F.3d 188"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/data2/circs/dc/035114A.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=360+F.3d+188&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.findlaw.com%2Fdata2%2Fcircs%2Fdc%2F035114A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span> (49.8 KB)</td> <td>D.C.</td> <td>2004 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>To End a Presidency: The Power of Impeachment</i> (2018; co-author with Joshua Matz)</li> <li><i>Uncertain Justice: The Roberts Court and the Constitution</i> (2014; co-author with Joshua Matz)</li> <li><i>The Invisible Constitution</i> (2008)</li> <li><i>American Constitutional Law</i> (treatise; 1978, 1979, 1988, and 2000)</li> <li><i>On Reading the Constitution</i> (1991; co-author with Michael Dorf)</li> <li><i>Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes</i> (1990)</li> <li><i>Constitutional Choices</i> (1985)</li> <li><i>God Save This Honorable Court: How the Choice of Supreme Court Justices Shapes Our History</i> (1985)</li> <li><i>The Supreme Court: Trends and Developments</i> (1979, 1980, 1982, 1983)</li> <li><i>When Values Conflict: Essays on Environmental Analysis, Discourse, and Decision</i> (editor; 1976)</li> <li><i>The American Presidency: Its Constitutional Structure</i> (1974)</li> <li><i>Channeling Technology Through Law</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>Environmental Protection</i> (1971; co-author with Louis Jaffe)</li> <li><i>Technology: Processes of Assessment and Choice</i> (1969)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates">Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_clerks_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(Seat_8)" title="List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)">List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States (Seat 8)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-beststu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beststu_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beststu_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beststu_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoenberg2007" class="citation news cs1">Schoenberg, Shira (November 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722214352/http://www.cmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/NEWS01/711140429/1217/NEWS98">"Law expert: Obama will preserve Constitution"</a>. <i>Concord Monitor</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmonitor.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/NEWS01/711140429/1217/NEWS98">the original</a> on July 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Concord+Monitor&rft.atitle=Law+expert%3A+Obama+will+preserve+Constitution&rft.date=2007-11-14&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Shira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmonitor.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20071114%2FNEWS01%2F711140429%2F1217%2FNEWS98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roberts-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roberts_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronner2012" class="citation web cs1">Bronner, Ethan (June 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/28/a-re-examination-of-roberts-legacy/?hp">"A Re-Examination of Roberts's Legacy?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701022958/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/28/a-re-examination-of-roberts-legacy/?hp">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Re-Examination+of+Roberts%27s+Legacy%3F&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F28%2Fa-re-examination-of-roberts-legacy%2F%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20150407nytimes-us-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20150407nytimes-us_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2015" class="citation web cs1">Davenport, Coral (April 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/us/laurence-tribe-fights-climate-case-against-star-pupil-from-harvard-president-obama.html">"Laurence Tribe Fights Climate Case Against Star Pupil From Harvard, President Obama"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730230514/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/us/laurence-tribe-fights-climate-case-against-star-pupil-from-harvard-president-obama.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Laurence+Tribe+Fights+Climate+Case+Against+Star+Pupil+From+Harvard%2C+President+Obama&rft.date=2015-04-06&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Coral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F07%2Fus%2Flaurence-tribe-fights-climate-case-against-star-pupil-from-harvard-president-obama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-garland-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-garland_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelber2016" class="citation web cs1">Melber, Ari (March 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/harvard-law-school-s-laurence-tribe-talks-merrick-garland-supreme-n546621">"Harvard Law School's Laurence Tribe Talks Merrick Garland, Supreme Court Fight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBCNews" class="mw-redirect" title="NBCNews">NBCNews</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBCNews&rft.atitle=Harvard+Law+School%27s+Laurence+Tribe+Talks+Merrick+Garland%2C+Supreme+Court+Fight&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=Melber&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fsupreme-court%2Fharvard-law-school-s-laurence-tribe-talks-merrick-garland-supreme-n546621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.law.harvard.edu/tribe-to-receive-henry-m-phillips-prize-in-jurisprudence/">"Tribe to receive Henry M. Phillips Prize in Jurisprudence"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208225618/http://today.law.harvard.edu/tribe-to-receive-henry-m-phillips-prize-in-jurisprudence/">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribe+to+receive+Henry+M.+Phillips+Prize+in+Jurisprudence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.law.harvard.edu%2Ftribe-to-receive-henry-m-phillips-prize-in-jurisprudence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Association1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Association1990_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Association1990_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Jost1990" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Jost (May 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=29ZMcVhqM4MC&pg=PA110">"Roe Revisited (ABA Review)"</a>. <i>ABA Journal</i>. American Bar Association. pp. 110–. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508155334/https://books.google.com/books?id=29ZMcVhqM4MC&pg=PA110">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roe+Revisited+%28ABA+Review%29&rft.btitle=ABA+Journal&rft.pages=110-&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=1990-05&rft.au=Kenneth+Jost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D29ZMcVhqM4MC%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive201106142344-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archive201106142344_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory, Vanessa (December 6, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=indefensible10">Indefensible</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614234450/http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=indefensible10">Archived</a> June 14, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Prospect" title="The American Prospect">The American Prospect</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-justice-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-justice_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wapo-justice_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2010" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Carrie (February 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/25/AR2010022505697.html">"Prominent Harvard law professor joins Justice Department"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033322/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/25/AR2010022505697.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2012</span>. <q>Tribe has served as lead counsel in 35 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, testified before Congress dozens of times and wrote a major treatise on constitutional law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Prominent+Harvard+law+professor+joins+Justice+Department&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F02%2F25%2FAR2010022505697.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Laurence+H.+Tribe&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DLaurence%2BH.%2BTribe%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Sullivan_(lawyer)" title="Kathleen Sullivan (lawyer)">Sullivan, Kathleen M</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u0BDAQAAIAAJ&q=Laurence+Tribe"><i>Legal scholarship symposium: the scholarship of Laurence Tribe</i></a>. University of Tulsa College Of Law<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+scholarship+symposium%3A+the+scholarship+of+Laurence+Tribe&rft.pub=University+of+Tulsa+College+Of+Law&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du0BDAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DLaurence%2BTribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bight1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bight1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bight1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigthink.com/videos/laurence-tribe-on-background">"Laurence Tribe on Background"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Big_Think" title="Big Think">Big Think</a>. January 15, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621103321/http://bigthink.com/videos/laurence-tribe-on-background">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laurence+Tribe+on+Background&rft.pub=Big+Think&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigthink.com%2Fvideos%2Flaurence-tribe-on-background&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20061018thecrimson-a-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20061018thecrimson-a_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhayani2006" class="citation web cs1">Bhayani, Paras D. (October 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/10/18/a-humble-start-on-the-path">"A Humble Start on the Path to Stardom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006083207/http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/10/18/a-humble-start-on-the-path/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Humble+Start+on+the+Path+to+Stardom&rft.pub=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.date=2006-10-18&rft.aulast=Bhayani&rft.aufirst=Paras+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2006%2F10%2F18%2Fa-humble-start-on-the-path&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inquisition_1991,_pages_384-386_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Sherwood" title="Carlton Sherwood">Carlton Sherwood</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Inquisition:_The_Persecution_and_Prosecution_of_the_Reverend_Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon">Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>, 1991, 0-89526-532-X, pages 384-386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HarvGazette-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HarvGazette_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HarvGazette_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPazzanese2020" class="citation web cs1">Pazzanese, Christina (June 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/laurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law/">"Laurence Tribe Speaks on His Career in Constitutional Law"</a>. <i>Harvard Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=Laurence+Tribe+Speaks+on+His+Career+in+Constitutional+Law&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Pazzanese&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2Flaurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Nugent2008" class="citation book cs1">Benjamin Nugent (May 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h6IjHtxvzZQC&pg=PA104"><i>American Nerd: The Story of My People</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416565512" title="Special:BookSources/9781416565512"><bdi>9781416565512</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611042800/https://books.google.com/books?id=h6IjHtxvzZQC&pg=PA104&dq=%22Laurence+Tribe%22+National+Debate+Tournament+in+1961&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI1NKG6fqiyAIVAj8-Ch3xZgKw#v=onepage&q=%22Laurence%20Tribe%22%20National%20Debate%20Tournament%20in%201961&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Nerd%3A+The+Story+of+My+People&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2008-05-13&rft.isbn=9781416565512&rft.au=Benjamin+Nugent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh6IjHtxvzZQC%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.nyu.edu/journals/annualsurveyofamericanlaw/dedications/laurencetribe">"2002 Dedication - Laurence H. Tribe"</a>. <i>New York University School of Law</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002064610/http://www.law.nyu.edu/journals/annualsurveyofamericanlaw/dedications/laurencetribe">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+University+School+of+Law&rft.atitle=2002+Dedication+-+Laurence+H.+Tribe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.nyu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fannualsurveyofamericanlaw%2Fdedications%2Flaurencetribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenkranz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Blumenkranz, Carla (September 22, 2008). "Radical Speak Performance Artist Mark Tribe Breathes New Life Into Old Politics". <i>New York</i>. <b>41</b>. New York Magazine Company: 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Radical+Speak+Performance+Artist+Mark+Tribe+Breathes+New+Life+Into+Old+Politics&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=66&rft.date=2008-09-22&rft.aulast=Blumenkranz&rft.aufirst=Carla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310045447/http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/3117">"Columbia Announces 2013 Honorary Degree Recipients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. April 8, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.columbia.edu/oncampus/3117">the original</a> on March 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia+Announces+2013+Honorary+Degree+Recipients&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.columbia.edu%2Foncampus%2F3117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2014/07/09/How-Barack-Obama-Amazed-His-Harvard-Law-Professor">"How Barack Obama Amazed His Harvard Law Professor"</a>. <i>The Fiscal Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Fiscal+Times&rft.atitle=How+Barack+Obama+Amazed+His+Harvard+Law+Professor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefiscaltimes.com%2FArticles%2F2014%2F07%2F09%2FHow-Barack-Obama-Amazed-His-Harvard-Law-Professor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/podcasts/cape-up/laurence-tribe-says-trump-should-be-impeached-again--even-if-a-senate-conviction-is-unlikely/">"Opinion | Laurence Tribe says Trump should be impeached again — even if a Senate conviction is unlikely"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Laurence+Tribe+says+Trump+should+be+impeached+again+%E2%80%94+even+if+a+Senate+conviction+is+unlikely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpodcasts%2Fcape-up%2Flaurence-tribe-says-trump-should-be-impeached-again--even-if-a-senate-conviction-is-unlikely%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzmmBZ7i4BQ"><span class="plainlinks">Laurence Tribe discusses John Roberts' Supreme Court</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20191001bostonglobe-adam-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20191001bostonglobe-adam_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevenson2019" class="citation news cs1">Levenson, Michael (October 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/01/adam-schiff-who-steered-clear-harvard-law-drama-now-center-impeachment-inquiry/rIkibOBpZIgRHFotJKr5rJ/story.html">"Adam Schiff, who steered clear of Harvard Law drama, now at the center of impeachment inquiry"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231045909/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/01/adam-schiff-who-steered-clear-harvard-law-drama-now-center-impeachment-inquiry/rIkibOBpZIgRHFotJKr5rJ/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Adam+Schiff%2C+who+steered+clear+of+Harvard+Law+drama%2C+now+at+the+center+of+impeachment+inquiry&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Levenson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2019%2F10%2F01%2Fadam-schiff-who-steered-clear-harvard-law-drama-now-center-impeachment-inquiry%2FrIkibOBpZIgRHFotJKr5rJ%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/06/laurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law/">"Laurence Tribe speaks on his career in constitutional law"</a>. <i>Harvard Gazette</i>. June 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=Laurence+Tribe+speaks+on+his+career+in+constitutional+law&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2Flaurence-tribe-speaks-on-his-career-in-constitutional-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2006" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Richard E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OEr3Ym3LWgcC&pg=PA192"><i>The Power to Legislate</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313086328" title="Special:BookSources/9780313086328"><bdi>9780313086328</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508000352/https://books.google.com/books?id=OEr3Ym3LWgcC&pg=PA192">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+to+Legislate&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780313086328&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOEr3Ym3LWgcC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epps2001-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Epps2001_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpps2001" class="citation book cs1">Epps, Garrett (March 15, 2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tounknowngodreli00epps"><i>To An Unknown God: Religious Freedom On Trial</i></a></span>. St. Martin's Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tounknowngodreli00epps/page/79">79</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312262396" title="Special:BookSources/9780312262396"><bdi>9780312262396</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+An+Unknown+God%3A+Religious+Freedom+On+Trial&rft.pages=79-&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2001-03-15&rft.isbn=9780312262396&rft.aulast=Epps&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftounknowngodreli00epps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoldsteinLieberman2002-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoldsteinLieberman2002_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsteinLieberman2002" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Tom; Lieberman, Jethro K. (December 14, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nlqUVnvd2_8C&pg=PA81"><i>The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well: Second Edition</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 81–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520929074" title="Special:BookSources/9780520929074"><bdi>9780520929074</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508130042/https://books.google.com/books?id=nlqUVnvd2_8C&pg=PA81">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lawyer%27s+Guide+to+Writing+Well%3A+Second+Edition&rft.pages=81-&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002-12-14&rft.isbn=9780520929074&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+Jethro+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnlqUVnvd2_8C%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blount2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blount2005_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blount2005_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlount2005" class="citation book cs1">Blount, Jackie M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=loz5qE50srgC&pg=PA160"><i>Fit to Teach: Same-Sex Desire, Gender, and School Work in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. SUNY Press. pp. 160–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791462676" title="Special:BookSources/9780791462676"><bdi>9780791462676</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508011942/https://books.google.com/books?id=loz5qE50srgC&pg=PA160">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Union Square Press. pp. 266–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402752278" title="Special:BookSources/9781402752278"><bdi>9781402752278</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509231807/https://books.google.com/books?id=VpFLtmfnRaMC&pg=PA266">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle+for+Justice%3A+How+the+Bork+Nomination+Shook+America&rft.pages=266-&rft.pub=Union+Square+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781402752278&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVpFLtmfnRaMC%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1991/90-1038">"Cipollone v. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oyez&rft.atitle=Cipollone+v.+Liggett+Group%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyez.org%2Fcases%2F1991%2F90-1038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toobin2002-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Toobin2002_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToobin2002" class="citation book cs1">Toobin, Jeffrey (October 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V1IHSL89yMIC&pg=PA100"><i>Too Close to Call: The Thirty-Six-Day Battle to Decide the 2000 Election</i></a>. Random House. pp. 100–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780375761072" title="Special:BookSources/9780375761072"><bdi>9780375761072</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190508141606/https://books.google.com/books?id=V1IHSL89yMIC&pg=PA100">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Too+Close+to+Call%3A+The+Thirty-Six-Day+Battle+to+Decide+the+2000+Election&rft.pages=100-&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2002-10-01&rft.isbn=9780375761072&rft.aulast=Toobin&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV1IHSL89yMIC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Yorker_2015-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Yorker_2015_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Wu2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Tim Wu (May 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/did-laurence-tribe-sell-out">"Did Laurence Tribe Sell Out?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930004319/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/did-laurence-tribe-sell-out">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Did+Laurence+Tribe+Sell+Out%3F&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.au=Tim+Wu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fdid-laurence-tribe-sell-out&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-findlaw20090226-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-findlaw20090226_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayberry2009" class="citation news cs1">Mayberry, Jodine (February 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528081306/http://news.findlaw.com/andrews/en/haz/20090226/20090226_ge.html">"GE Loses Last Issue in Lengthy Court Case on Superfund Liability"</a>. <i>Findlaw.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Findlaw.com&rft.atitle=GE+Loses+Last+Issue+in+Lengthy+Court+Case+on+Superfund+Liability&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.aulast=Mayberry&rft.aufirst=Jodine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.findlaw.com%2Fandrews%2Fen%2Fhaz%2F20090226%2F20090226_ge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20150320nytimes-us-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20150320nytimes-us_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2015" class="citation news cs1">Davenport, Coral (March 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/us/politics/mitch-mcconnell-urges-states-to-help-thwart-obamas-war-on-coal.html">"McConnell urges states to help thwart Obama's war on coal"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223141603/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/us/politics/mitch-mcconnell-urges-states-to-help-thwart-obamas-war-on-coal.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico+Magazine&rft.atitle=Larry+Tribe+and+Mitch+McConnell%27s+Flagrant+Constitutional+Error&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2015%2F03%2Fepa-climate-rules-mitch-mcconnell-116399.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtutay2021" class="citation web cs1">Ortutay, Barbara (May 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-technology-business-3e0cb7002231ae2e9e24ba44d44112ca">"A decision on suspended Trump Facebook account this week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved April 10, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Egelko2008-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egelko2008_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgelko2008" class="citation news cs1">Egelko, Bob (October 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/10/19/MNES13IOES.DTL&type=politics">"Next president will shape Supreme Court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508040722/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F10%2F19%2FMNES13IOES.DTL&type=politics">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Next+president+will+shape+Supreme+Court&rft.date=2008-10-20&rft.aulast=Egelko&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F10%2F19%2FMNES13IOES.DTL%26type%3Dpolitics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvard-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvard_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/02/26_tribe.senior.counselor.html">"Tribe named Senior Counselor for Access to Justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. February 26, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604153147/http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/02/26_tribe.senior.counselor.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribe+named+Senior+Counselor+for+Access+to+Justice&rft.pub=Harvard+Law+School&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.harvard.edu%2Fnews%2F2010%2F02%2F26_tribe.senior.counselor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/news/2010/11/18_tribe.html">"Laurence Tribe to return to Harvard Law School in January"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Conservative+Case+Emerges+to+Disqualify+Trump+for+Role+on+Jan.+6&rft.date=2023-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F08%2F10%2Fus%2Ftrump-jan-6-insurrection-conservatives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2023" class="citation news cs1">Nichols, John (August 4, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/trump-14th-amendment-indictment/">"The Biggest Threat to Donald Trump Could Be the Constitution Itself"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Biggest+Threat+to+Donald+Trump+Could+Be+the+Constitution+Itself&rft.date=2023-08-04&rft.issn=0027-8378&rft.aulast=Nichols&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-14th-amendment-indictment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaurence+Tribe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Schneps" title="Leila Schneps">Leila Schneps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coralie_Colmez" title="Coralie Colmez">Coralie Colmez</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Math_on_Trial" title="Math on Trial">Math on trial. How numbers get used and abused in the courtroom</a></i>, Basic Books, Chapter 2 (2013); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03292-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-03292-1">978-0-465-03292-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Tribe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Laurence_Tribe" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Laurence Tribe">Laurence Tribe</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10899/Tribe">Laurence H. Tribe | Harvard Law School</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/418">Laurence Tribe</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)"><i>Charlie Rose</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/author/laurence-tribe">Laurence Tribe essays</a> at <a href="/wiki/ScotusBlog" class="mw-redirect" title="ScotusBlog">ScotusBlog</a></li> <li>washingtonpost.com May 13, 2017: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-must-be-impeached-heres-why/2017/05/13/82ce2ea4-374d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html"><i>Trump must be impeached. Here’s why.</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?411">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="Legal theory">Legal theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_legal_studies" title="Critical legal studies">Critical legal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_law" title="Comparative law">Comparative law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_economics" title="Law and economics">Economic analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_norms" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal norms">Legal norms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_legal_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="International legal theory">International legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history" title="Legal history">Legal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of law">Philosophy of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_law" title="Sociology of law">Sociology of law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophers_of_law" title="Category:Philosophers of law">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alexy" title="Robert Alexy">Alexy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Austin_(legal_philosopher)" title="John Austin (legal philosopher)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norberto_Bobbio" title="Norberto Bobbio">Bobbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartosz_Bro%C5%BCek" title="Bartosz Brożek">Brożek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Cardozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Ehrlich" title="Eugen Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finnis" title="John Finnis">Finnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_L._Fuller" title="Lon L. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Gurvitch" title="Georges Gurvitch">Gurvitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._A._Hart" title="H. L. A. Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_H%C3%A4gerstr%C3%B6m" title="Axel Hägerström">Hägerström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Jellinek" title="Georg Jellinek">Jellinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Jhering" title="Rudolf von Jhering">Jhering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Kelsen" title="Hans Kelsen">Kelsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Leoni" title="Bruno Leoni">Leoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Llewellyn" title="Karl Llewellyn">Llewellyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_M%C3%BCller" title="Adam Müller">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Olivecrona" title="Karl Olivecrona">Olivecrona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Pashukanis" title="Evgeny Pashukanis">Pashukanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AFm_Perelman" title="Chaïm Perelman">Perelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Petra%C5%BCycki" title="Leon Petrażycki">Petrażycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Pound" title="Roscoe Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Radbruch" title="Gustav Radbruch">Radbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Raz" title="Joseph Raz">Raz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Reinach" title="Adolf Reinach">Reinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Renner" title="Karl Renner">Renner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Ross" title="Alf Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Mucius_Scaevola_Pontifex" title="Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex">Scaevola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Julius_Stahl" title="Friedrich Julius Stahl">Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Mangabeira_Unger" title="Roberto Mangabeira Unger">Unger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_jurisprudence" title="Category:Books about jurisprudence">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Laws_(dialogue)" title="Laws (dialogue)">Laws</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 355 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(c. 1270)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1748)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1820)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pure_Theory_of_Law" title="Pure Theory of Law">Pure Theory of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1934)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Concept_of_Law" title="The Concept of Law">The Concept of Law</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1961)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_and_Natural_Rights" title="Natural Law and Natural Rights">Natural Law and Natural Rights</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1980)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law%27s_Empire" title="Law's Empire">Law's Empire</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1986)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Theories_of_law" title="Category:Theories of law">Theories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_jurisprudence" title="Analytical jurisprudence">Analytical jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deontological_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Deontological ethics">Deontological ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_historical_school" title="German historical school">German historical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretivism_(legal)" title="Interpretivism (legal)">Interpretivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_moralism" title="Legal moralism">Legal moralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_positivism" title="Legal positivism">Legal positivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_realism" title="Legal realism">Legal realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Libertarian theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">Paternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_jurisprudence" title="Virtue jurisprudence">Virtue jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa (concept)">Fa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_interpretation" title="Judicial interpretation">Judicial interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_without_the_state" title="Law without the state">Law without the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_legal_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country legal systems">Legal system</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Neo-Confucianism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (Neo-Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_of_law" title="Question of law">Question of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational-legal_authority" title="Rational-legal authority">Rational-legal authority</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usul_al-Fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Usul al-Fiqh">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000374075358">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41900632">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/58951/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8xfYGyKPBjX4tRjfcyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/131367811">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80102283">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278677d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278677d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tribe, Laurence H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV010992">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tribe, Laurence H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20221153264&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1466309">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068662750">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018O8914">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810538797505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276052305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058508179306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/994586">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031604102">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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