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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bel (mythology)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitologia)" title="Bel (mitologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bel (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belus_(Babylon)" title="Belus (Babylon) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belus (Babylon)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel" title="Bel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel" title="Bel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="بیل (افسانه‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیل (افسانه‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%93l" title="Bēl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bēl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8_(%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94)" title="벨 (신화) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨 (신화)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Բել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitologija)" title="Bel (mitologija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bel (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitologi)" title="Bel (mitologi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bel (mitologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(Mesopotami%C3%AB)" title="Bel (Mesopotamië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bel (Mesopotamië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel" title="Bel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(b%C3%B3stwo)" title="Bel (bóstwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bel (bóstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitologia)" title="Bel (mitologia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bel (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Бэл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бэл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7)" title="بيل (ديوتا) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بيل (ديوتا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitologija)" title="Bel (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bel (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel" title="Bel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bel_(mitoloji)" title="Bel (mitoloji) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bel (mitoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7)" title="بیل (دیوتا) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیل (دیوتا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE" title="柏爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="柏爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bel%22+mythology">"Bel" mythology</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bel%22+mythology+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bel%22+mythology&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bel%22+mythology+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bel%22+mythology">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bel%22+mythology&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Category:Mesopotamian mythology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cdc8b8; font-size:150%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient<br />Mesopotamian religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0.25em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaos Monster and Sun God"><img alt="Chaos Monster and Sun God" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/250px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/375px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/500px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Chaos Monster and Sun God</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Primordial beings</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abzu" title="Abzu">Abzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahamu" title="Lahamu">Lahamu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahmu" title="Lahmu">Lahmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishar" title="Kishar">Kishar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anshar" title="Anshar">Anshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummu" title="Mummu">Mummu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Seven gods who decree</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><b>Four primary</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anu" title="Anu">Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Three sky gods</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna/Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Nanna/Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utu" class="mw-redirect" title="Utu">Utu/Shamash</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Other major deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">Adad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Dumuzid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkimdu" title="Enkimdu">Enkimdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmesharra" title="Enmesharra">Enmesharra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ereshkigal" title="Ereshkigal">Ereshkigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_(goddess)" title="Ki (goddess)">Ki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingu" title="Kingu">Kingu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshtinanna" title="Geshtinanna">Geshtinanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahar_(god)" title="Lahar (god)">Lahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal" title="Nergal">Nergal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Minor deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agasaya" title="Agasaya">Agasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anunnaki" title="Anunnaki">Anunnaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaruludu" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaruludu">Asaruludu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashnan" title="Ashnan">Ashnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashgi" title="Ashgi">Ashgi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzi-abzu" title="Dumuzi-abzu">Dumuzi-abzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbilulu" title="Enbilulu">Enbilulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_(god)" title="Erra (god)">Erra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erragal" title="Erragal">Erragal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibil" title="Gibil">Gibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendursaga" title="Hendursaga">Hendursaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igigi" title="Igigi">Igigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isimud" title="Isimud">Isimud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishum" title="Ishum">Išum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajamanu" title="Kajamanu">Kajamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahar_(god)" title="Lahar (god)">Lahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%A3" title="Laṣ">Laṣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisin" title="Lisin">Lisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugala%27abba" title="Lugala'abba">Lugala'abba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_(goddess)" title="Mami (goddess)">Mami/Nintu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamitu" title="Mamitu">Mamitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugal-irra_and_Meslamta-ea" title="Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea">Maštabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namtar" title="Namtar">Namtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshe" title="Nanshe">Nanshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nindara" title="Nindara">Nindara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nin-MAR.KI" title="Nin-MAR.KI">Ninmarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisaba" title="Nisaba">Nisaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninazu" title="Ninazu">Ninazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningal" title="Ningal">Ningal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningirida" title="Ningirida">Ningirida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningirima" title="Ningirima">Ningirima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninkasi" title="Ninkasi">Ninkasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninkilim" title="Ninkilim">Ninkilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Ninlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninmug" title="Ninmug">Ninmug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nin%C5%A1ar" title="Ninšar">Ninšar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninshubur" title="Ninshubur">Ninšubur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninsun" title="Ninsun">Ninsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuska" title="Nuska">Nuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panigingarra" title="Panigingarra">Paniĝinĝarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpanit" title="Sarpanit">Sarpanit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shul-utula" title="Shul-utula">Shul-utula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ubula" title="Šubula">Šubula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishpak" title="Tishpak">Tišpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttu" title="Uttu">Uttu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Demigods and heroes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapa" title="Adapa">Adapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkidu" title="Enkidu">Enkidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar" title="Enmerkar">Enmerkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugalbanda" title="Lugalbanda">Lugalbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamhat" title="Shamhat">Shamhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siduri" title="Siduri">Siduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziusudra" title="Ziusudra">Ziusudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu">Apkallu</a> (seven sages)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Spirits and monsters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udug" title="Udug">Udug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu/Shedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asag" title="Asag">Asag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edimmu" title="Edimmu">Edimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(goddess)" title="Siris (goddess)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%BB" title="Anzû">Anzû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(Ninurta)" title="Dragon (Ninurta)">Ušum/Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid_(Ninurta)" title="Mermaid (Ninurta)">Kuli-ana/Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1mu" title="Bašmu">Bašmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1ma%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C5%AB" title="Mušmaḫḫū">Mušmaḫḫū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C5%A1umgallu" title="Ušumgallu">Ušumgallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-headed_serpent" title="Seven-headed serpent">Seven-headed serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbaba" title="Humbaba">Humbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbi" title="Hanbi">Hanbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_underworld" title="Ancient Mesopotamian underworld">Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamashtu" title="Lamashtu">Lamashtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilu_(mythology)" title="Lilu (mythology)">Lilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazuzu" title="Pazuzu">Pazuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabisu" title="Rabisu">Rabisu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Tales</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_%3D_Anum" title="An = Anum">An = Anum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar_and_the_Lord_of_Aratta" title="Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta">Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En%C5%ABma_Eli%C5%A1" title="Enūma Eliš">Enūma Eliš</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingir" title="Dingir">Dingir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkal" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#cdc8b8">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">myth series</a> on<br /><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cdc8b8; font-size:130%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities">Pre-Islamic Arabian deities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Amm" title="'Amm">'Amm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%27ra" class="mw-redirect" title="A'ra">A'ra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgal_(god)" title="Abgal (god)">Abgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaum" title="Al-Qaum">Al-Qaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaqah" title="Almaqah">Almaqah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbay" title="Anbay">Anbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BFA%E1%B9%AFtar" title="ʿAṯtar">ʿAṯtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basamum" title="Basamum">Basamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Dhul_Khalasa" title="Demolition of Dhul Khalasa">Dhu l-Khalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushara" title="Dushara">Dushara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haukim" title="Haukim">Haukim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubal" title="Hubal">Hubal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Is%C4%81f_and_N%C4%81%27ila" class="mw-redirect" title="Isāf and Nā'ila">Isāf and Nā'ila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahl_(god)" title="Kahl (god)">Kahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaf_(deity)" title="Manaf (deity)">Manaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Manāt">Manāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuha_(deity)" title="Nuha (deity)">Nuha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzah" title="Quzah">Quzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruda_(deity)" title="Ruda (deity)">Ruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27d_(deity)" title="Sa'd (deity)">Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shams (goddess)">Shams, Samas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwa'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27lab" title="Ta'lab">Ta'lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theandrios" title="Theandrios">Theandrios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%E2%80%98Uzz%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-‘Uzzá">al-‘Uzzá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Ya'uq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatha" title="Yatha">Yatha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities#Foreign_deities" title="List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities">Arabian deities of other Semitic origins</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglibol" title="Aglibol">Aglibol</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyrene</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atargatis" title="Atargatis">Atargatis</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Syrian)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalshamin" title="Baalshamin">Baalshamin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a> and Palmyrene)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bēl</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Palmyrene)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bes" title="Bes">Bes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">Ēl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilah" title="Ilah">Ilah</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NW Semitic)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna/Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakbel" title="Malakbel">Malakbel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Palmyrene)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabū, Nebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal" title="Nergal">Nergal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarhibol" title="Yarhibol">Yarhibol</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Palmyrene)</span></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="Template:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="Template talk:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bêl</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>; from <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>: <i lang="akk">bēlu</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a> signifying '<a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lord</a>' or 'master' applied to various gods in the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian religion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>. The feminine form is <i>Bêlit</i> ('Lady, Mistress') in <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>. <i>Bel</i> is represented in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> as <b>Belos</b> and in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as <b>Belus</b>. <i>Belit</i> appears in Greek form as <b>Beltis</b> (Βελτις). Linguistically, <i>Bel</i> is an <a href="/wiki/East_Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="East Semitic">East Semitic</a> form <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest Semitic">Northwest Semitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> with the same meaning. </p><p><i>Bel</i> was especially used for the Babylonian god <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a> in Assyrian and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">neo-Babylonian</a> personal names or mentioned in inscriptions in a Mesopotamian context. Similarly, <i>Bêlit</i> mostly refers to <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>'s spouse <a href="/wiki/Sarpanit" title="Sarpanit">Sarpanit</a>. Marduk's mother, the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a> goddess often referred to in the <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian language</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damgalnuna" title="Damgalnuna">Damkina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ninmah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninmah">Ninmah</a>, was often known as <i>Belit-ili</i> ('Lady of the Gods') in Akkadian. </p><p>Other gods called "Lord" were sometimes identified totally or in part with Bel Marduk. The god <a href="/wiki/Malak-bel" class="mw-redirect" title="Malak-bel">Malak-bel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a> is an example, attested as a messenger of Bel but existing as a deity separate to Bel/<a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a>. Similarly, Zeus Belus mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Sanchuniathon" title="Sanchuniathon">Sanchuniathon</a> as born to <a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a>/<a href="/wiki/El_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="El (god)">El</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Holy_Land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Holy Land)">Peraea</a> is unlikely to be Marduk. Early translators of Akkadian believed that the ideogram for the god called <i><a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> was to be read as <i>Bel</i> in Akkadian. Current scholarship holds this as incorrect, but <i>Bel</i> is used in referring to Enlil in older translations and discussions.<sup id="cite_ref-Orr1915_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orr1915-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Mandaean cosmology</a>, the name for <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Bil_(Mandaeism)" title="Bil (Mandaeism)">Bil</a></i> (<span title="Classical Mandaic-language text"><span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡁࡉࡋ</span></span>), which is derived from the name Bel.<sup id="cite_ref-Bhayro_2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhayro_2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bel_of_Palmyra,_Syria"><span id="Bel_of_Palmyra.2C_Syria"></span>Bel of Palmyra, Syria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_(mythology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bel of Palmyra, Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> A god named Bel was the chief-god of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in pre-<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> times; the deity was worshipped alongside the gods <a href="/wiki/Aglibol" title="Aglibol">Aglibol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yarhibol" title="Yarhibol">Yarhibol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was originally known as Bol,<sup id="cite_ref-Teixidor_1979_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teixidor_1979-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the Northwestern Semitic word <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Ba'al</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (usually used to refer to the god <a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">Hadad</a>), until the cult of Bel-<a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a> spread to <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>; by 213 BC, Bol was renamed to Bel.<sup id="cite_ref-Teixidor_1979_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teixidor_1979-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bel" title="Temple of Bel">Temple of Bel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmrya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> was dedicated to this god. The temple has <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">since been destroyed by ISIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right 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.skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style></p><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 355px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350px; height: 360px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bel of Palmyra, Syria, depicted on the far left alongside Ba'alshamin, Yarhibol and Aglibol on a relief from Palmyra"><img alt="Bel of Palmyra, Syria, depicted on the far left alongside Ba'alshamin, Yarhibol and Aglibol on a relief from Palmyra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg/320px-Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg/480px-Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg/640px-Relief_Bel_Baalshamin_Yarhibol_Aglibol_MBA_Lyon_1992-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bel of <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, depicted on the far left alongside <a href="/wiki/Baalshamin" title="Baalshamin">Ba'alshamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarhibol" title="Yarhibol">Yarhibol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aglibol" title="Aglibol">Aglibol</a> on a relief from Palmyra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 355px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350px; height: 360px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fortified gate of the Temple of Bel in Palmyra, Syria"><img alt="Fortified gate of the Temple of Bel in Palmyra, Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg/320px-Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg/480px-Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg/640px-Gate_of_the_fortified_Temple_of_Bel_Palmyra_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fortified gate of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Bel" title="Temple of Bel">Temple of Bel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmyra" title="Palmyra">Palmyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_(mythology)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Ba‘al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belial" title="Belial">Belial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Belus (disambiguation)">Belus (disambiguation)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belus_(Assyrian)" title="Belus (Assyrian)">Belus (Assyrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belus_(Babylonian)" title="Belus (Babylonian)">Belus (Babylonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belus_(Egyptian)" title="Belus (Egyptian)">Belus (Egyptian)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_(cuneiform)" title="EN (cuneiform)">EN (cuneiform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_deities" title="List of Mesopotamian deities">List of Mesopotamian deities</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_(mythology)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Orr1915-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orr1915_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrr1915" class="citation book cs1">Orr, James (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theinternational01unknuoft"><i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia</i></a>. Howard-Severance Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theinternational01unknuoft/page/n376">349</a>–<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopaedia&rft.pages=349-&rft.pub=Howard-Severance+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Orr&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheinternational01unknuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhayro_2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhayro_2020_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhayro2020" class="citation book cs1">Bhayro, Siam (10 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004400566/BP000051.xml">"Cosmology in Mandaean Texts"</a>. <i>Hellenistic Astronomy</i>. Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">572–</span>579. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004400566_046">10.1163/9789004400566_046</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004243361" title="Special:BookSources/9789004243361"><bdi>9789004243361</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213438712">213438712</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmology+in+Mandaean+Texts&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+Astronomy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E572-%3C%2Fspan%3E579&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213438712%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004400566_046&rft.isbn=9789004243361&rft.aulast=Bhayro&rft.aufirst=Siam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004400566%2FBP000051.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRostovtzeff1932" class="citation journal cs1">Rostovtzeff, M. I. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Rost1932JRSGodsOfPalmyra">"The Caravan-Gods of Palmyra"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Roman_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Roman Studies">The Journal of Roman Studies</a></i>. <b>22</b>. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies: <span class="nowrap">107–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F297093">10.2307/297093</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/297093">297093</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163542083">163542083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Roman+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Caravan-Gods+of+Palmyra&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163542083%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F297093%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F297093&rft.aulast=Rostovtzeff&rft.aufirst=M.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FRost1932JRSGodsOfPalmyra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teixidor_1979-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Teixidor_1979_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Teixidor_1979_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTeixidor1979" class="citation book cs1">Teixidor, Javier (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TccUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR1"><i>The Pantheon of Palmyra</i></a>. Brill Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004059873" title="Special:BookSources/9004059873"><bdi>9004059873</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pantheon+of+Palmyra&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9004059873&rft.aulast=Teixidor&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTccUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrijvers1980" class="citation book cs1">Drijvers, H. J. W. 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Brill Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004060502" title="Special:BookSources/9004060502"><bdi>9004060502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cults+and+Beliefs+at+Edessa&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9004060502&rft.aulast=Drijvers&rft.aufirst=H.+J.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D69YUAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomey2015" class="citation news cs1">Romey, Kristin (26 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/08/150826-syria-palmyra-islamic-state-isis-archaeology-history/">"How Ancient Palmyra, Now in ISIS's Grip, Grew Rich and Powerful"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_News" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic News">National Geographic News</a></i>. National Geographic Society. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Partners,_LLC." class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Partners, LLC.">National Geographic Partners, LLC.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=How+Ancient+Palmyra%2C+Now+in+ISIS%27s+Grip%2C+Grew+Rich+and+Powerful&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.aulast=Romey&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F08%2F150826-syria-palmyra-islamic-state-isis-archaeology-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABel+%28mythology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bel_(mythology)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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