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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anglia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statele_Italiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statele_Italiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Statele Italiene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statele_Italiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spania_si_Portugalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spania_si_Portugalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Spania si Portugalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spania_si_Portugalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusia_kieveana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusia_kieveana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Rusia kieveana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusia_kieveana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europa_Balcanica_si_de_Est" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa_Balcanica_si_de_Est"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Europa Balcanica si de Est</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europa_Balcanica_si_de_Est-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orientul_Mijlociu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orientul_Mijlociu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Orientul Mijlociu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orientul_Mijlociu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruciadele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruciadele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Cruciadele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruciadele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orientul_Extrem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orientul_Extrem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Orientul Extrem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orientul_Extrem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oameni_importanți" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oameni_importanți"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oameni importanți</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oameni_importanți-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invenții,_descoperiri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invenții,_descoperiri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Invenții, descoperiri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invenții,_descoperiri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decenii_și_ani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decenii_și_ani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decenii și ani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decenii_și_ani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Secolul al XII-lea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 136 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/12de_eeu" title="12de eeu – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="12de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="12ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XII" title="Sieglo XII – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_12" title="القرن 12 – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 12" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن الاتناشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن الاتناشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XII" title="Sieglu XII – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XII гӀасру – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XII гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-eafa_decemda" title="12-eafa decemda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="12-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C9%99sr" title="XII əsr – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XII əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۲. یوز ایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XII быуат – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XII быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_om%C5%BEios" title="XII omžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XII omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагоддзе – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XII стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XII стагодзьдзе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XII стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIIvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XII" title="Segle XII – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XII" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="12 sié-gī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="12 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XII бӀешо – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XII бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A2" title="سەدەی ١٢ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٢" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolet%C3%AD" title="12. století – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="12. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XII ĕмĕр – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XII ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12fed_ganrif" title="12fed ganrif – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="12fed ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="12. århundrede – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="12. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jahrhundert" title="12. Jahrhundert – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="12. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_12ine" title="Seserra 12ine – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 12ine" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="12ος αιώνας – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="12ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_s%C3%A9col" title="XII sécol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XII sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-a_jarcento" title="12-a jarcento – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="12-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XII" title="Siglo XII – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sajand" title="12. sajand – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="12. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._mendea" title="XII. mendea – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XII. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XII" title="Sigru XII – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XII" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده دوازدهم میلادی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده دوازدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-luku" title="1100-luku – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1100-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._aastagasada" title="12. aastagasada – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="12. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B8ld" title="12. øld – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="12. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIIe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._juarhunert" title="12. juarhunert – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="12. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_iuw" title="12e iuw – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="12e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%C3%BA_haois" title="12ú haois – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="12ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/12na_linn" title="12na linn – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="12na linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12h_eash" title="12h eash – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="12h eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-12" title="המאה ה-12 – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-12" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="१२वीं शताब्दी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२वीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stolje%C4%87e" title="12. stoljeće – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="12. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._sz%C3%A1zad" title="12. század – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="12. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="12-րդ դար – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="12-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_12" title="Seculo 12 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 12" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ma_yarcento" title="12ma yarcento – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="12ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%B6ldin" title="12. öldin – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="12. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_12" title="Abad ping 12 – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 12" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XII საუკუნე – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XII საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII ғасыр – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XII ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9F%A1%E1%9F%A2_%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%82.%E1%9E%9F" title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សតវត្សទី ១២ នៃគ.ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="12세기 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="12세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_12an" title="Sedsala 12an – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 12an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/12ves_kansbledhen" title="12ves kansbledhen – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="12ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_12" title="Saeculum 12 – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 12" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Joerhonnert" title="12. Joerhonnert – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="12. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XII виш йис – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XII виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_12" title="Sentenio 12 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 12" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfde_iew" title="Twelfde iew – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Twelfde iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XII" title="Sécul XII – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XII" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_am%C5%BEius" title="XII amžius – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XII amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._gadsimts" title="12. gadsimts – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="12. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-12" title="Abad kaping-12 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-12" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XII курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XII курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_12" title="Rautau 12 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 12" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12 век – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="12 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १२ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-12" title="Abad ke-12 – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-12" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XII пинге – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XII пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XII" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XII" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_seculo" title="XII seculo – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XII seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Johrhunnert" title="12. Johrhunnert – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="12. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_eeuw" title="12e eeuw – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="12e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%C3%A5rhundre" title="12. århundre – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="12. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIIe_s." title="XIIe s. – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIIe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_12" title="Ngwagakgolo 12 – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 12" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XII" title="Sègle XII – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle XII" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_wiek" title="XII wiek – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XII wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہويں صدی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بارہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XII" title="Século XII – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XII" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="12 ñiqin pachakwata – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="12 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XII век – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XII век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XII. стороча – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XII. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XII үйэ – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XII үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_XII" title="Sèculu XII – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XII" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._vijek" title="12. vijek – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="12. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasuta_tiss_XII" title="Tasuta tiss XII – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasuta tiss XII" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_12" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 12" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="12 වන සියවස – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="12 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="12th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._storo%C4%8Die" title="12. storočie – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="12. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._stoletje" title="12. stoletje – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="12. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XII" title="Shekulli XII – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XII" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="12. век – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="12. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._Jierhunnert" title="12. Jierhunnert – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="12. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-12" title="Abad ka-12 – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-12" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1100-talet" title="1100-talet – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1100-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_12" title="Karne ya 12 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 12" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="12-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XII" title="Садаи XII – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XII" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_12" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12 – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 12" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-nji_asyr" title="12-nji asyr – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="12-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_dantaon" title="Ika-12 dantaon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-12 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/12._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="12. yüzyıl – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="12. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XII гасыр – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XII гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XII століття – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XII століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بارہویں صدی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بارہویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_asr" title="XII asr – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XII asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_secolo" title="XII secolo – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XII secolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_12" title="Thế kỷ 12 – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 12" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/12inme_sieke" title="12inme sieke – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="12inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-12_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-12 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XII_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XII ოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XII ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="12טער י"ה – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="12טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/12e_e%C3%AAuw" title="12e eêuw – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="12e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="12世纪 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="12世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="12 sè-kí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="12 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="12世紀 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="12世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirecționat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_XII&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XII">Secolul XII</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px 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.ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Ambox_content.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><span style="text-align:left;"><b>Acest articol sau secțiune are mai multe probleme.</b> Puteți să <b><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit">contribuiți la rezolvarea lor</a></b> sau să le comentați pe <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie:Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție:Secolul al XII-lea — pagină inexistentă">pagina de discuție</a></b>. Pentru ajutor, consultați <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cum_scriu_un_articol" title="Ajutor:Cum scriu un articol">pagina de îndrumări</a>.</span> <ul><li>Trebuie pus(ă) în <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:STIL">formatul standard</a>.<small> Marcat din iulie 2012.</small></li> <li>Are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.<small> Marcat din iulie 2012.</small></li> <li>Este scris parțial sau în întregime <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Diacritice" title="Wikipedia:Diacritice">fără diacritice</a>.<small> Marcat din iulie 2012.</small></li> <li>Conține greșeli de <i>ortografie</i> și/sau de <i>punctuație</i>.<small> Marcat din iulie 2012.</small></li></ul> <hr /> <span style="font-size: 90%;"><span style="background-color:transparent; color:red;"> Nu ștergeți etichetele </span>înainte de rezolvarea problemelor.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both"></div> <table class="infobox"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#f3f3f3"> <td align="right"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Secole" class="mw-redirect" title="Secole">Secole</a>:</b></small> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Secolul_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XI">Secolul XI</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Secolul_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XII">Secolul XII</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Secolul_XIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XIII">Secolul XIII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Decenii" class="mw-redirect" title="Decenii">Decenii</a>:</b></small> </td> <td align="center"><span style="display: inline-block;margin: -0.5em 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Anii_1100" title="Anii 1100">Anii 1100</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1110" title="Anii 1110">Anii 1110</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1120" title="Anii 1120">Anii 1120</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1130" title="Anii 1130">Anii 1130</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1140" title="Anii 1140">Anii 1140</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1150" title="Anii 1150">Anii 1150</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1160" title="Anii 1160">Anii 1160</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1170" title="Anii 1170">Anii 1170</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1180" title="Anii 1180">Anii 1180</a> <a href="/wiki/Anii_1190" title="Anii 1190">Anii 1190</a> </p> </span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p>În istoria culturii europene, această perioadă este considerată ca făcând parte din Evul Mediu și este uneori numita perioada cisterciana. În timpul dinastiei Song din China, o invazie de jurcheni provoacă o schismă politică de nord și de sud. Prima utilizare cunoscuta a prafului de pusca și punerea în aplicare in arme, cum ar fi bombe, rachete si tunuri au fost înregistrate în timpul dinastiei Song. Imperiul Khmer din Cambodgia a înflorit în timpul acestui secol, în timp ce Dinastia Fatimida din Egipt au fost preluat de către dinastia Ayyubid. Crestinismul este raspandit in Estonia,Finlanda si Karelia. Se va infiinta prima universitate europeana. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evenimente">Evenimente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Evenimente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Evenimente"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ascensiunea Imperiului Shona in Africa</li> <li>Ascensiunea Aztecilor in America Centrala</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sfantul_Imperiu_Roman">Sfantul Imperiu Roman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sfantul Imperiu Roman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sfantul Imperiu Roman"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_(Christian_Siedentopf,_1847).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg/220px-Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg/330px-Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg/440px-Friedrich_I._Barbarossa_%28Christian_Siedentopf%2C_1847%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1977" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption>Friedrich I. Barbarossa (Christian Siedentopf, 1847)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1104:Ascensiunea Printilor</li> <li>1122:Concordatul de la Worms</li> <li>1125:Moartea lui Henric V</li> <li>1138:Alegerea lui Conrad III ca rege</li> <li>1142:Henric Leul recupereaza Saxonia</li> <li>1156:Frederic I este incoronat</li> <li>1176:Batalia de la Legnano</li> <li>1189:Frederic I conduce cea de-a treia Cruciada</li> <li>1190:Moartea lui Frederic I,Henric VI devine rege</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franta">Franta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Franta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Franta"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg/220px-Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg/330px-Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Louis_vii_and_alienor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Louis vii and alienor</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1137:Casatoria lui Ludovic VII cu Eleonora de Aquitania</li> <li>1152:Divortul lui Ludovic cu Eleonora</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglia">Anglia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Anglia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Anglia"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>File:A Chronicle of England - Page 204 - Richard Pardons His Brother John.jpg File:A Chronicle of England - Page 194 - Richard and the Master of St John.jpg File:Richard-Coeur-de-Lion-on-his-way-to-Jerusalem.JPG </p> <ul><li>1107:Sinodul de la Westmimster</li> <li>1135:Moartea lui Henric I</li> <li>1154:Henric II Plantagenent devine Regele Angliei</li> <li>1169:Incepe cucerirea Irlandei</li> <li>1170:Asasinarea Episcopului de Canterbury</li> <li>1189:Incoronarea lui Richard I Inima de Leu</li> <li>1199:Moartea lui Richard</li> <li>Incoronarea lui Ioan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statele_Italiene">Statele Italiene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Statele Italiene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Statele Italiene"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg/220px-Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg/330px-Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg/440px-Albigensian_Crusade_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Albigensian Crusade 01</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1130:Unificarea teritoriilor normande</li> <li>1194:Henric VI devine regele Siciliei</li> <li>1122:Sfarsitul controversei investiturii</li> <li>1198-1216:Pontificatul lui Inocentiu III</li> <li>1167:Infiintarea Ligii Lombarde</li> <li>1176:Batalia de la Legnano</li> <li>Conflictul dintre Guelfii si Ghibelini</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spania_si_Portugalia">Spania si Portugalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Spania si Portugalia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Spania si Portugalia"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1139:Alfonso I devine rege al Castiliei</li> <li>1147:Cucerirea Lisabonei</li> <li>1164:Unificarea Aragonului si Barcelonei</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Lisbon_by_Roque_Gameiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rusia_kieveana">Rusia kieveana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rusia kieveana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Rusia kieveana"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1110:Nestor revizuieste cronica Povestea vremurilor de demult</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europa_Balcanica_si_de_Est">Europa Balcanica si de Est</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Europa Balcanica si de Est" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Europa Balcanica si de Est"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1102:Uniunea dinastica a Croatiei si Ungariei</li> <li>Spre mijlocul secolului începe colonizarea germană în sudul și nord-estul Transilvaniei.</li> <li>1167:Infiintarea regatului sarb</li> <li>Spre sfârșitul secolului, probabil în jurul anului 1180, granițele Regatului Ungar ating limitele naturale ale Transilvaniei, respectiv lanțul Munților Carpați. Acest eveniment semnifică ocuparea Transilvaniei de către <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Maghiar" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Maghiar">Regatul Ungar</a>.</li> <li>1176:Batalia de la Myriokefalon</li> <li>1185:Independenta bulgarilor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orientul_Mijlociu">Orientul Mijlociu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orientul Mijlociu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Orientul Mijlociu"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1124:Aparitia Almohazilor</li> <li>1157:Expulzarea Selgiucizilor</li> <li>1157:Domnia Horezm-sahilor in Iran</li> <li>1171:Saladin ii inlatura pe fatimizi</li> <li>Sfarsitul califatului Fatimid</li> <li>1172:Cucerirea orasului Tripoli</li> <li>1174:Cucerirea Damascului</li> <li>1187:Cucerirea Ierusalimului de catre musulmani</li> <li>Batalia de la Hattin</li> <li>1187-1192:Cucerirea Iranului</li> <li>1193:Moartea lui Saladin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cruciadele">Cruciadele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cruciadele" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Cruciadele"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg/330px-Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg/440px-Si%C3%A8ge_d%27Acre_par_Philippe_Auguste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="969" /></a><figcaption>Siège d'Acre par Philippe Auguste</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/220px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/330px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/440px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Saladin </figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1103:Pacea imperiala de la Mainz</li> <li>1110:Balduin de Bologna devine rege al Ierusalimului</li> <li>1144:Recucerirea Edessei</li> <li>1147:Incepe a doua Cruciada</li> <li>Cruciada impotriva Venzilor</li> <li>1149:Revenirea cruciatilor acasa</li> <li>1187:Batalia de la Muntele Hattin</li> <li>1188:Incepe cea de-a Treia Cruciada</li> <li>1189:Batalia de la Iconium</li> <li>1191:Recucerirea orasului Accra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orientul_Extrem">Orientul Extrem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Orientul Extrem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Orientul Extrem"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1193:Incepe construirea Marii Moschei de la Delhi(India)</li> <li>1115-1234:Dinastia Jin in China</li> <li>1192:Este numit primul Shogun ereditar in Japonia</li> <li>1192-1333:Perioada Kamakura in Japonia</li> <li>1177:Dinastia Cham cucereste Angkorul</li> <li>1181:Expasiunea Imperiului Khmer sub Yayavarman VII</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oameni_importanți"><span id="Oameni_importan.C8.9Bi"></span>Oameni importanți</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Oameni importanți" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Oameni importanți"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Ab%C3%A9lard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Abélard">Pierre Abélard</a>, unul dintre primii filosofi scolastici</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a> - <a href="/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc">Damasc</a>, <a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a>), sultan al <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egiptului</a>, învingător în <a href="/wiki/Cruciade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruciade">cruciada</a> de la <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Hattin" title="Bătălia de la Hattin">Hattin</a>, recucerind <a href="/wiki/Ierusalim" title="Ierusalim">Ierusalimul</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Clairvaux" title="Bernard de Clairvaux">Bernard de Clairvaux</a> (1090-1153), teolog catolic și abate cistercian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>, arhiepiscop de Canterbury</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Yoritomo" title="Minamoto no Yoritomo">Minamoto no Yoritomo</a>, primul shogun al <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japoniei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a>, poet, astronom persan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Inim%C4%83_de_Leu" title="Richard Inimă de Leu">Richard Inimă de Leu</a> : rege al Angliei în perioada 1189-1199</li> <li>Adrian IV , Papa</li> <li>Aelred , Saint, călugăr și scriitor spiritual</li> <li>Afonso Henriques , primul rege al Portugaliei</li> <li>Alan IV, Duce de Bretagne</li> <li>Albert de Ierusalim , Patriarhul Ierusalimului</li> <li>Albert de Louvain , Sfântul Episcop de Liège</li> <li>Allama Prabhu , mistică indiană și un important Poet Vachana .</li> <li>Alexandru I al Scoției , rege</li> <li>Alexie I Comnenul , împărat</li> <li>Alexie al II-lea Comnenul , împărat</li> <li>Alexie III Angelus , împărat</li> <li>Alfonso al II-lea de Aragon , rege</li> <li>Alfonso VI din Castilia , rege</li> <li>Alfonso VII de Castilia , rege</li> <li>Alfonso VIII din Castilia , rege</li> <li>Amadeus din Lausanne, Episcop de Lausanne</li> <li>Andrei I Bogolyubsky , Printul de Suzdal</li> <li>Andronic I Comnenul , împărat</li> <li>Anselm , Arhiepiscopul de Canterbury</li> <li>Anthelm , Starețul Chartreuse Grand</li> <li>Artemis Felicaan , Mysticist și Mathmematician</li> <li>Arthur I, duce de Bretania</li> <li>Averroes Ibn Rushd , polymath spaniol islamic</li> <li>Baldwin a IV-a Ierusalimului , rege</li> <li>Bela al II-lea , rege al Ungariei</li> <li>Bela III , rege al Ungariei</li> <li>Bertha, Ducesa de Bretania</li> <li>Berthold , Sfântul care a fondat Ordinului Carmelitan</li> <li>Bhaskara al II-lea , matematician și astronom indian</li> <li>Bohemund I al Antiohiei , Print</li> <li>Boleslaus Wrymouth III , rege al Poloniei</li> <li>Boleslav IV Curly, mare duce al Poloniei</li> <li>Bruno de Segni , episcop</li> <li>Calixtus al II-lea , papa</li> <li>Canute V a Danemarcei , rege</li> <li>Canute VI din Danemarca , rege</li> <li>Chakhrukhadze , poet georgian</li> <li>Christina a Markyate , Prioress de St Albans Abbey</li> <li>Coloman I , rege al Ungariei</li> <li>Conan IV, Duce de Bretagne cel Tânăr</li> <li>Conrad I a Montferrat , regele ales al Ierusalimului</li> <li>Constance, Ducesa de Bretania</li> <li>David al Scoției , rege</li> <li>David Builder , regele a Georgiei</li> <li>David V rege al Georgiei</li> <li>David Soslani , soțul Reginei Tamar</li> <li>Dimitrie I , regele din Georgia</li> <li>Dominic de Guzman , fondator al Ordinului Predicatorilor</li> <li>Edgar din Scoția , regele</li> <li>Edmund din Abingdon , teolog, Arhiepiscopul de Canterbury</li> <li>Eleanor de Aquitaine , regina consoarta de Franța și mai târziu a Regatului Angliei</li> <li>Emeric I al Ungariei , rege</li> <li>Engelbert Berg a II-a , Sfântul, Arhiepiscop de Köln</li> <li>Eric I a Danemarcei , regele</li> <li>Eric a II-a Danemarcei , regele</li> <li>Eric a III-a Danemarcei , regele</li> <li>Eric a IX-a Suediei , regele</li> <li>Erik Gnupsson , Episcop de Groenlanda</li> <li>Eugene III , papa</li> <li>Eustatie de la Tesalonic arhiepiscop de Salonic și scriitor</li> <li>Eystein I al Norvegiei , rege</li> <li>Eystein al II-lea al Norvegiei , rege</li> <li>Eysteinn Erlendsson , episcopul de Nidaros</li> <li>Felix de Valois , co-fondator al Ordinului Sfintei Treimi pentru răscumpărarea de sclavi</li> <li>Francisc din Assisi , fondator al Ordinului Fraților Minori</li> <li>Frederick Barbarossa , Împărat Roman</li> <li>Galdino della Sala , Saint, Arhiepiscopul de Milano</li> <li>Gelasius al II-lea , papa</li> <li>Genghis Khan , Marea Khan al Imperiului Mongol</li> <li>Geoffrey al II-lea, duce de Bretania</li> <li>Geoffrey V, conte de Anjou și Duce de Normandia</li> <li>George III , rege al Georgiei</li> <li>Geza al II-lea , rege al Ungariei</li> <li>Gilbert de Sempringham , fondator al Gilbertines .</li> <li>Giorgi Mtcignobartuxuces-Tchkondideli , georgiană figură politică și ecleziastică</li> <li>Haakon al II-lea al Norvegiei spătos, rege</li> <li>Harald a IV-a Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Henry (Episcop de Uppsala)</li> <li>Henry, Contele de Portugalia</li> <li>Henric I al Angliei , regele și Duce de Normandia</li> <li>Henry al II-lea al Angliei , regele și Duce de Normandia</li> <li>Henric al IV-Germania , rege și împărat</li> <li>Henry V al Germaniei , rege și împărat</li> <li>Henry VI din Germania , rege și împărat</li> <li>Hildegard von Bingen , polymath și, primul compozitor muzical</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Honen Shonin</a> (Genkū), fondator al școlii <a href="/wiki/Budism" title="Budism">budiste</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddo-sh%C5%AB" title="Jōdo-shū">Jōdo-shū</a></li> <li>Honorius al II-lea , papa</li> <li>Hugh al II-lea, Duce de Burgundia</li> <li>Hugh III, Duce de Burgundia</li> <li>Hugh de Grenoble , episcop</li> <li>Hugh de Lincoln , episcop</li> <li>Huizong , împăratul Chinei</li> <li>Humbert III, conte de Savoy</li> <li>Ida de Boulogne, contesa</li> <li>Inge I al Norvegiei Cocosatul, rege</li> <li>Inocențiu al II-lea, papa</li> <li>Inocențiu al III , papa</li> <li>Isaac al II-lea Angelus, împărat</li> <li>Ivan Asen I al Bulgariei, rege</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_de_Chartres" title="Ivo de Chartres">Ivo de Chartres</a>, sfânt, canonist, episcop</li> <li>Jayavarman VII , Khmer împărat</li> <li>Ioan al II-lea Comnenul , împărat</li> <li>Ioan din Anglia , regele și Duce de Normandia</li> <li>Ioan de Matha , co-fondator al Ordinului Sfintei Treimi pentru răscumpărarea de sclavi</li> <li>Kaloyan din Bulgaria , rege</li> <li>Lawrence O'Toole , Arhiepiscopul de Dublin</li> <li>Leopold III, Margrave de Austria</li> <li>Lin Tinggui , pictor chinez</li> <li>Louis VI al Franței , rege</li> <li>Louis VII al Franței , rege</li> <li>Lucius al II-lea , papa</li> <li>Magnus Erlendsson, conte de Orkney</li> <li>Magnus a III-a Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Magnus a IV-a Norvegiei Blind, regele</li> <li>Magnus V al Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Maimonide , filozof evreu</li> <li>Malachy O'More , Arhiepiscop de Armagh</li> <li>Malcolm IV din Scoția , regele</li> <li>Manuel I Comnenul , împărat</li> <li>Matilda de Toscana , contesa</li> <li>Mechtildis , stareță</li> <li>Muhammad a Ghor , domnitorul afgan</li> <li>Nerses de Lambron , Arhiepiscopul din Tars, teolog</li> <li>Niels din Danemarca , regele</li> <li>Norbert de Xanten, Sfântul, fondator al Ordinul Premonstratensienian de canoane regulate, Arhiepiscop de Magdeburg</li> <li>Odo I , Duce de Burgundia</li> <li>Odo al II-lea , Duce de Burgundia</li> <li>Odo III , Duce de Burgundia</li> <li>Odo din Cambrai , episcop, teolog</li> <li>Olaf Magnusson a Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Olegarius , Sfântul Arhiepiscopul de Tarragona</li> <li>Opizars, Beshqen și Beqa</li> <li>Otto din Bamberg , episcop, cancelar al Sfântului Imperiu Roman</li> <li>Pascal al II-lea , papa</li> <li>Peter Abelard , filosof</li> <li>Petru Nolasco , , co-fondator al Ordinului Fecioarei de Ransom</li> <li>Petru, episcop de Poitiers</li> <li>Petru a IV-a Bulgariei , regele</li> <li>Filip I al Franței , rege</li> <li>Filip al II-lea al Franței , Augustus, împăratul</li> <li>Prithviraj Chauhan , regele Ajmer în India</li> <li>Raymond a Fitero , Sfântul, fondator al Ordinului de Calatrava</li> <li>Raymond a Peñafort , , avocat</li> <li>Richard de Chichester , , episcop</li> <li>Richard a Sf. Victor , teolog</li> <li>Robert Curthose , Duce de Normandia</li> <li>Robert de Bethune , Episcopul de Hereford</li> <li>Roger al II-lea al Siciliei , rege</li> <li>Sancho I al Portugaliei , rege</li> <li>Sava , Sf., organizator și eliberator al Bisericii Ortodoxe Sârbe</li> <li>Shao Yong , poet, istoric, filozof și</li> <li>Sigurd I al Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Sigurd al II-lea al Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Stefan Nemanja , conducator al Serbiei</li> <li>Stefan Nemanjic , rege al Serbiei</li> <li>Ștefan al II-lea , rege al Ungariei</li> <li>Ștefan Harding , Saint, stareț, co-fondator al Ordinului cistercian</li> <li>Ștefan din Anglia , regele și Duce de Normandia</li> <li>Suger , abatele St-Denis</li> <li>Suryavarman II , împărat Khmer</li> <li>Sverker I al Suediei , rege</li> <li>Sverre a Norvegiei , regele</li> <li>Sweyn III din Danemarca</li> <li>Tamar a Georgiei , regina</li> <li>Valdemar I a Danemarcei , marele rege,</li> <li>Vladimir Monomakh al II-lea , prinț de Kiev</li> <li>Vladislav I Herman din Polonia , regele</li> <li>William I al Scoției Leul, regele</li> <li>William I al Siciliei , rege</li> <li>William Marshal, primul conte de Pembroke, cavaler<sup id="cite_ref-cp2012-06-05_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2012-06-05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William de Malmesbury , istoricul englez</li> <li>Yue Fei , general chinez</li> <li>Yusuf Ibn Tashfin , domnitorul Almoravid din Africa de Nord și Spania</li> <li>Zhang Zeduan , pictor chinez</li> <li>Zhou Jichang , pictor chinez</li> <li>Zhu Xi , neo-confucianist filozof chinez</li> <li>Zhu Yu , autorul chinez maritim</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invenții,_descoperiri"><span id="Inven.C8.9Bii.2C_descoperiri"></span>Invenții, descoperiri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Invenții, descoperiri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Invenții, descoperiri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1104 - Arsenal din Veneția . Sunt angajati 16000 de oameni pentru productia in masa de corabii</li> <li>1107 -inginerul chinez Wu Deren combină busola mecanica cu Carul care indica spre Sud cu distanța de măsurare a contorului parcurs de dispozitiv</li> <li>1111 - Academia chineza Donglin este fondată.</li> <li>Notiunea crestina de <a href="/wiki/Purgatoriu" title="Purgatoriu">Purgatoriu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abac" title="Abac">abacul</a></li> <li>1100 - 1150: torquetum (<a href="/wiki/Geber" title="Geber">Geber</a>)</li> <li>1100 - 1161: traheotomie (<a href="/wiki/Avenzoar" title="Avenzoar">Avenzoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>)</li> <li>1121: Al-Khazini, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-disambig" title="Persia">Persia</a>: <ul><li>balanța romană</li> <li>balanța hidrostatică</li></ul></li> <li>1126: Li Gang, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: <ul><li>săgeata de foc</li> <li>racheta</li></ul></li> <li>1128: tunul în <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li>1135 - 1200: astrolabul liniar (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasir_al-Din_Tusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasir al-Din Tusi — pagină inexistentă">Nasir al-Din Tusi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-disambig" title="Persia">Persia</a>)</li> <li>1150: studiul <a href="/wiki/Perpetuum_mobile" title="Perpetuum mobile">mișcării perpetue</a> (Bhaskara, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li>1150: creșterea porumbeilor voiajori (<a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>)</li> <li>1154: orologiu cu sunet (Al-Kaysarani, Siria)</li> <li>1187: balista cu contragreutate (Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi)</li> <li>1190: <a href="/wiki/Busol%C4%83" title="Busolă">busolă</a> marinărească în <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a>: cvadrantul, strămoșul ventilatorului</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>: moară de apă, <a href="/wiki/Forjare" title="Forjare">forjă</a> acționată hidraulic</li> <li>Siria: încălzire centrală prin țevi sub podea</li> <li>China: artificii, ochelari de soare</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a>: mașina de război</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decenii_și_ani"><span id="Decenii_.C8.99i_ani"></span>Decenii și ani</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Decenii și ani" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Decenii și ani"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="5" style="background: #ffeedd"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1090" title="Anii 1090">Anii 1090</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffedd"><a href="/wiki/1090" title="1090">1090</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1091" title="1091">1091</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1092" title="1092">1092</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1093" title="1093">1093</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1094" title="1094">1094</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1095" title="1095">1095</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1096" title="1096">1096</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1097" title="1097">1097</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1098" title="1098">1098</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1099" title="1099">1099</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1100" title="Anii 1100">Anii 1100</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1100" title="1100">1100</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1101" title="1101">1101</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1102" title="1102">1102</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1103" title="1103">1103</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1104" title="1104">1104</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1105" title="1105">1105</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1106" title="1106">1106</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1107" title="1107">1107</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1108" title="1108">1108</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1109" title="1109">1109</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1110" title="Anii 1110">Anii 1110</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1110" title="1110">1110</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1111" title="1111">1111</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1112" title="1112">1112</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1113" title="1113">1113</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1114" title="1114">1114</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1116" title="1116">1116</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1117" title="1117">1117</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1118" title="1118">1118</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1120" title="Anii 1120">Anii 1120</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1120" title="1120">1120</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1121" title="1121">1121</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1122" title="1122">1122</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1123" title="1123">1123</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1124" title="1124">1124</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1125" title="1125">1125</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1126" title="1126">1126</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1127" title="1127">1127</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1128" title="1128">1128</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1129" title="1129">1129</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1130" title="Anii 1130">Anii 1130</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1130" title="1130">1130</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1131" title="1131">1131</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1132" title="1132">1132</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1133" title="1133">1133</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1134" title="1134">1134</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1135" title="1135">1135</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1136" title="1136">1136</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1137" title="1137">1137</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1138" title="1138">1138</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1139" title="1139">1139</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1140" title="Anii 1140">Anii 1140</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1140" title="1140">1140</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1141" title="1141">1141</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1142" title="1142">1142</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1143" title="1143">1143</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1144" title="1144">1144</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1145" title="1145">1145</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1146" title="1146">1146</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1147" title="1147">1147</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1148" title="1148">1148</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1150" title="Anii 1150">Anii 1150</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1151" title="1151">1151</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1153" title="1153">1153</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1154" title="1154">1154</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1156" title="1156">1156</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1157" title="1157">1157</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1158" title="1158">1158</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1159" title="1159">1159</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1160" title="Anii 1160">Anii 1160</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1161" title="1161">1161</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1162" title="1162">1162</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1163" title="1163">1163</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1164" title="1164">1164</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1165" title="1165">1165</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1166" title="1166">1166</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1167" title="1167">1167</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1168" title="1168">1168</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1169" title="1169">1169</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1170" title="Anii 1170">Anii 1170</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1171" title="1171">1171</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1172" title="1172">1172</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1173" title="1173">1173</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1174" title="1174">1174</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1176" title="1176">1176</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1177" title="1177">1177</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1178" title="1178">1178</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1179" title="1179">1179</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1180" title="Anii 1180">Anii 1180</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1181" title="1181">1181</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1182" title="1182">1182</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1183" title="1183">1183</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1186" title="1186">1186</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1187" title="1187">1187</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1188" title="1188">1188</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1189" title="1189">1189</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1190" title="Anii 1190">Anii 1190</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1191" title="1191">1191</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1193" title="1193">1193</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1194" title="1194">1194</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1196" title="1196">1196</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1197" title="1197">1197</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1198" title="1198">1198</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1199" title="1199">1199</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #ffeedd"> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><b><a href="/wiki/Anii_1200" title="Anii 1200">Anii 1200</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1201" title="1201">1201</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1202" title="1202">1202</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1203" title="1203">1203</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1204" title="1204">1204</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1205" title="1205">1205</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1206" title="1206">1206</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1207" title="1207">1207</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1208" title="1208">1208</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1209" title="1209">1209</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cp2012-06-05-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cp2012-06-05_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/6096/8/">Umilul cavaler si gloria sa nepieritoare</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715014432/http://www.revistamagazin.ro/content/view/6096/8/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-07-15">15 iulie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 26 martie 2008, Gabriel Tudor, <i>Revista Magazin</i>, accesat la 5 iunie 2012</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&oldid=15202919">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secolul_al_XII-lea&oldid=15202919</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Secolul_al_XII-lea" title="Categorie:Secolul al XII-lea">Secolul al XII-lea</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_de_pus_%C3%AEn_formatul_standard_din_iulie_2012" title="Categorie:Articole de pus în formatul standard din iulie 2012">Articole de pus în formatul standard din iulie 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_de_pus_%C3%AEn_formatul_standard" title="Categorie:Articole de pus în formatul standard">Articole de pus în formatul standard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_suport_bibliografic_necorespunz%C4%83tor_din_iulie_2012" title="Categorie:Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător din iulie 2012">Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător din iulie 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_suport_bibliografic_necorespunz%C4%83tor" title="Categorie:Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător">Articole cu suport bibliografic necorespunzător</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_f%C4%83r%C4%83_diacritice" title="Categorie:Pagini fără diacritice">Pagini fără diacritice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_grafie_incorect%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu grafie incorectă">Articole cu grafie incorectă</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_multe_probleme" 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