CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> <link integrity="" rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/vendor-f6007879f6b7873218458bed64ce1ada.css"> <link integrity="" rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/wnyc-studios-web-client-5e9d6405b263d94a225bab7b24cb4004.css"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,600|Oswald:600,700"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/vendor-9d5a62ff7b706692c55b8dfa95ff3bde.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/wnyc-studios-web-client-a6d6255ee0b6ab87623c73661f61b043.js" as="script"> <meta name="wnyc-studios-web-client/config/environment" content="%7B%22modulePrefix%22%3A%22wnyc-studios-web-client%22%2C%22environment%22%3A%22production%22%2C%22rootURL%22%3A%22/%22%2C%22locationType%22%3A%22router-scroll%22%2C%22historySupportMiddleware%22%3Atrue%2C%22emberHifi%22%3A%7B%22connections%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22NativeAudio%22%7D%5D%2C%22alwaysUseSingleAudioElement%22%3Afalse%7D%2C%22mailChimp%22%3A%7B%22formActionUrl%22%3A%22https%3A//wnyc.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe/post%22%2C%22userId%22%3A%224109fdd323aaac7078eadaa8f%22%7D%2C%22siteId%22%3A16%2C%22siteSlug%22%3A%22wnycstudios%22%2C%22webRoot%22%3A%22//www.wnycstudios.org%22%2C%22adminRoot%22%3A%22https%3A//internal.wnyc.org%22%2C%22authAPI%22%3A%22https%3A//api.wnyc.org/auth%22%2C%22mediaRoot%22%3A%22https%3A//media.wnyc.org%22%2C%22publisherAPI%22%3A%22https%3A//api.wnyc.org/api%22%2C%22platformEventsAPI%22%3A%22https%3A//api.wnyc.org/analytics%22%2C%22etagAPI%22%3A%22https%3A//api.wnyc.org/api/v1/browser_id/%22%2C%22clientSlug%22%3A%22wnyc-studios_web%22%2C%22optInAPI%22%3A%22https%3A//api.wnyc.org/opt-in/v1/subscribe%22%2C%22politicsBriefNewsletter%22%3A%22058457038f%22%2C%22EmberENV%22%3A%7B%22FEATURES%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22EXTEND_PROTOTYPES%22%3A%7B%22Date%22%3Afalse%7D%7D%2C%22APP%22%3A%7B%22name%22%3A%22wnyc-studios-web-client%22%2C%22version%22%3A%22v2.2.34+18c11b80%22%7D%2C%22googleFonts%22%3A%5B%22Open+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%22%2C%22Oswald%3A600%2C700%22%5D%2C%22contentSecurityPolicy%22%3A%7B%22script-src%22%3A%22%27self%27%20www.google-analytics.com%22%2C%22font-src%22%3A%22%27self%27%20fonts.gstatic.com%22%2C%22connect-src%22%3A%22%27self%27%20www.google-analytics.com%22%2C%22style-src%22%3A%22%27self%27%20fonts.googleapis.com%22%7D%2C%22ember-cli-mirage%22%3A%7B%22autostart%22%3Atrue%2C%22usingProxy%22%3Afalse%2C%22useDefaultPassthroughs%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22fastboot%22%3A%7B%22hostWhitelist%22%3A%5B%22www.wnycstudios.org%22%2C%22wnycstudios-web-client.prod.nypr.digital%22%5D%7D%2C%22moment%22%3A%7B%22includeTimezone%22%3A%22all%22%7D%2C%22googleTagManager%22%3A%22GTM-K7R5NGF%22%2C%22googleOptimize%22%3A%22GTM-5DJP36S%22%2C%22googleAnalytics%22%3A%22UA-283599-73%22%2C%22exportApplicationGlobal%22%3Afalse%2C%22queueAudioBumperURL%22%3A%22http%3A//audio.wnyc.org/streambumper/streambumper000008_audio_queue.mp3%22%7D" />  <meta name="ember-cli-head-start" content><link rel="preconnect" href="https://api.wnyc.org/api" crossorigin> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" crossorigin>  <title>The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground | The Experiment | WNYC Studios</title> <meta name="description" content="As the Supreme Court prepares to hear a case that could overturn Roe v. Wade in June, the reporter Jessica Bruder speaks with activists prepared to take abortions into their own hands."> <meta name="keywords" content="podcasts, npr, new york, WNYC Studios, arts, culture, classical, music, news, public, radio"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="151261804904925"> <meta property="fb:pages" content="224921207956535" data-detail="WNYC Studios"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="WNYC Studios"> <meta property="og:title" content="The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground | The Experiment | WNYC Studios"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/experiment/episodes/abortion-activists-roe-v-wade-overturn"> <meta property="og:description" content="As the Supreme Court prepares to hear a case that could overturn Roe v. Wade in June, the reporter Jessica Bruder speaks with activists prepared to take abortions into their own hands."> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.wnyc.org/i/1860/1395/c/80/2022/04/TheExperiment_Abortionep_4x3_24.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1860"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1395">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@WNYCStudios"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground | The Experiment | WNYC Studios"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="As the Supreme Court prepares to hear a case that could overturn Roe v. Wade in June, the reporter Jessica Bruder speaks with activists prepared to take abortions into their own hands."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.wnyc.org/i/1860/1395/c/80/2022/04/TheExperiment_Abortionep_4x3_24.png">   <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Experiment Feed" href="https://feeds.simplecast.com/xWZglpA_"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/experiment/episodes/abortion-activists-roe-v-wade-overturn"> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="//www.wnycstudios.org/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://media.wnyc.org/i/192/192/l/80/2018/09/wnycstudios_app_icon_500.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://media.wnyc.org/i/180/180/l/80/2018/09/wnycstudios_app_icon_500.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://media.wnyc.org/i/152/152/l/80/2018/09/wnycstudios_app_icon_152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="128x128" href="https://media.wnyc.org/i/128/128/l/80/2018/09/wnycstudios_app_icon_128.png"> <meta name="ember-cli-head-end" content> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,400i,600|Oswald:600,700" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"> <script async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <style>.async-hide { opacity: 0 !important}</style><script>(function(a,s,y,n,c,h,i,d,e){s.className+=' '+y;h.end=i=function(){s.className=s.className.replace(RegExp(' ?'+y),'')};(a[n]=a[n]||[]).hide=h;setTimeout(function(){i();h.end=null},c);})(window,document.documentElement,'async-hide','dataLayer', 2000,{'GTM-5DJP36S':true});</script> </head> <body> <div id="modal-wormhole" role="region" aria-live="polite"></div> <script type="x/boundary" id="fastboot-body-start"></script><div id="ember65038057" class="ember-view"> <div class="header-ad-wrapper"> <div id="ember65038061" class="ember-view"><div id="leaderboard_ad_home" class="leaderboard-ad dfp-ad"></div> </div> </div> <header id="ember65038062" class="nypr-brand-header ember-view"> <div id="ember65038063" class="nypr-brand-header__left ember-view"> <div id="ember65038064" class="nypr-brand-header__logo-list ember-view"> <svg viewbox="0 0 144 58" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" class="nypr-brand-header__nypr-logo"> <g class="new-york"> <polyline points="43.6116767 5.53037346 39.3067582 0 38 0 38 8 39.3866062 8 39.3866062 2.30677993 43.8181651 8 45 8 45 0 43.6116767 0 43.6116767 5.53037346" class="N"></polyline> <polyline points="49.4092207 4.59218892 53.4274907 4.59218892 53.4274907 3.3360047 49.4092207 3.3360047 49.4092207 1.25703906 53.941336 1.25703906 53.941336 0 48 0 48 8 54 8 54 6.74253353 49.4092207 6.74253353 49.4092207 4.59218892" class="E"></polyline> <polyline points="63.5991903 5.89544974 61.6223353 0 60.4266777 0 58.4498227 5.89544974 56.5288596 0.022010582 55 0.022010582 57.8057755 8 59.02336 8 61.0010748 2.30645503 62.9796496 8 64.1980939 8 67 0.022010582 65.5175737 0.022010582 63.5991903 5.89544974" class="W"></polyline> <polyline points="74.0099015 3.5434922 71.7052643 0 70 0 73.271027 4.84676213 73.271027 8 74.7302932 8 74.7302932 4.81299423 78 0 76.3413829 0 74.0099015 3.5434922" class="Y"></polyline> <path d="M83.011035,6.75291929 C81.4922857,6.75291929 80.4092163,5.50253178 80.4092163,3.98966622 C80.4092163,2.47556061 81.4693982,1.24832076 82.9885562,1.24832076 C84.508123,1.24832076 85.590375,2.49746822 85.590375,4.00992043 C85.590375,5.5260928 84.5285583,6.75291929 83.011035,6.75291929 Z M83.011035,0 C80.6613876,0 79,1.82370569 79,4.00992043 C79,6.19985533 80.6385001,8 82.9885562,8 C85.3398386,8 87,6.17836106 87,3.98966622 C87,1.80179808 85.3594564,0 83.011035,0 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M91.243216,3.96431052 L91.243216,1.27755516 L93.050809,1.27755516 C93.9695272,1.27755516 94.5127495,1.73532083 94.5127495,2.61665865 C94.5127495,3.44029492 93.9483725,3.96431052 93.0602531,3.96431052 L91.243216,3.96431052 Z M95.777498,2.53758615 C95.777498,0.970240957 94.779072,0 93.1505383,0 L90,0 L90,8 L91.243216,8 L91.243216,5.21023668 L92.7977082,5.21023668 L94.5350375,8 L96,8 L94.0907889,4.97088209 C95.0812819,4.6618582 95.777498,3.86258482 95.777498,2.53758615 Z" class="R"></path> <polyline points="102.567153 3.44029492 105.855557 0 104.149692 0 100.39037 4.02158466 100.39037 0 99 0 99 8 100.39037 8 100.39037 5.67868782 101.619404 4.39899557 104.319476 8 106 8 102.567153 3.44029492" class="K"></polyline> </g> <g class="public"> <g class="P"> <path d="M18.9885041,18.4516504 C17.0621837,16.8357605 14.357047,16 11.1567662,16 L0,16 L0,42 L1.3927267,42 L1.3927267,17.4114779 L11.1567662,17.4114779 C14.1267772,17.4114779 16.4961214,18.182551 18.0990388,19.5310665 C19.7002473,20.884757 20.5999658,22.8081274 20.6072285,25.3667275 L20.6072285,25.4374523 C20.5965481,28.1620833 19.5977153,30.127716 17.8999558,31.497794 C16.1957881,32.8614032 13.7286112,33.6027202 10.8098661,33.6014264 L6.7654049,33.6014264 L6.7654049,42 L8.15770438,42 L8.15770438,35.0068668 L10.8098661,35.0068668 C13.9541816,35.0068668 16.7345084,34.2150937 18.7642153,32.5996351 C20.7943495,30.9876265 22.0084995,28.5187262 21.9999552,25.4374523 L21.9999552,25.3667275 C22.005509,22.4674407 20.9212328,20.0627965 18.9885041,18.4516504" class="outer"></path> <path d="M7.47908682,28.5799564 L7.47908682,23.4217732 L10.1117524,23.4217865 C11.3016501,23.4196078 12.1642237,23.6858388 12.6935716,24.0984749 C13.2201955,24.5150327 13.5121086,25.075817 13.5202803,25.9821351 L13.5216423,26.053159 C13.4844154,27.5869281 12.4683944,28.5211329 10.1494333,28.5799564 L7.47908682,28.5799564 Z M13.6360468,28.9507625 C14.5167799,28.2570806 15.0079929,27.2126362 14.9998211,26.053159 L14.9998211,25.9821351 C15.0107168,24.756427 14.5235897,23.6788671 13.6210652,22.9947712 C12.7271665,22.3063181 11.5154775,22.0017429 10.1117524,22 L6,22 L6,29.9986928 L10.1494333,29.9986928 L10.1494333,30 C11.5517964,30 12.7566756,29.6488017 13.6360468,28.9507625 Z" class="inner"></path> </g> <g class="U"> <path d="M49.6157953,30.7415519 C49.6106955,34.6301658 48.5465238,37.2870152 46.7356471,39.0086118 C44.9251954,40.7323855 42.2732661,41.5814278 38.9315801,41.5814278 C35.5903192,41.5801216 32.9749389,40.7154046 31.1976363,39.0064348 C29.4220336,37.2957233 28.3901611,34.685027 28.3859113,30.9191977 L28.3859113,16 L27,16 L27.0000232,30.9191977 C26.9940734,34.9362565 28.132618,38.0106605 30.2494866,40.0435727 C32.3659302,42.0743078 35.3693251,43.0047711 38.9315801,42.9999816 C42.4904353,42.9999816 45.5265543,42.0925948 47.679122,40.0479267 C49.8329645,38.0050002 51.0050833,34.8848785 50.9999834,30.7415519 L50.9999834,16.0069665 L49.6157953,16.0069665 L49.6157953,30.7415519" class="outer"></path> <path d="M38.9777935,35.999951 L39.0004142,35.999951 C40.4333323,36.005397 41.7276473,35.5571461 42.6328864,34.5810483 C43.5381255,33.6049505 44.0008215,32.1793449 43.9999989,30.3938819 L43.9999989,16.011311 L42.6575635,16.011311 L42.6575635,30.3938819 C42.6563297,31.9560573 42.2651973,32.9924805 41.6589627,33.6426538 C41.0527281,34.2903136 40.1816257,34.6309005 39.0004142,34.633414 C37.8220816,34.6309005 36.9575598,34.2810972 36.3468011,33.6036937 C35.7393326,32.9279659 35.3412084,31.8404337 35.3412084,30.2217033 L35.3412084,16 L34,16 L34.0000069,30.2217033 C33.9979505,32.0582753 34.4569449,33.5173949 35.3580711,34.5274257 C36.253028,35.5303348 37.5465205,35.999951 38.9777935,35.999951" class="inner"></path> </g> <g class="B"> <path d="M60.4113866,32.4199071 L64.9361386,32.4199071 C66.0006333,32.4164248 66.6991808,32.6314568 67.0720571,32.900029 C67.4393034,33.1768717 67.5765877,33.4554556 67.5882807,33.9451538 L67.5882807,34.0174115 C67.5731232,34.5488973 67.4150513,34.8344457 67.0335136,35.1130296 C66.6476451,35.3855194 65.9599243,35.5844457 65.0075957,35.581834 L60.4113866,35.5818594 L60.4113866,32.4199071 Z M59,37 L65.0075957,37 C66.1392168,36.9956471 67.09501,36.7840975 67.8299358,36.2835171 C68.5691922,35.7912072 69.0130926,34.942397 68.9996673,34.0174115 L68.9996673,33.9451538 C69.0130926,33.0841555 68.6198618,32.2453569 67.8840699,31.7391178 C67.1513096,31.2298317 66.169965,31 64.9361386,31 L59,31 L59,37 Z" class="lower"></path> <path d="M60.4149796,26.5295533 L60.4149796,23.4708909 L64.1710361,23.4708979 C65.1140663,23.4695443 65.7540417,23.664912 66.0974749,23.9193864 C66.4339613,24.1806287 66.5694242,24.439615 66.5833179,24.9467589 L66.5833179,25.0194014 C66.5650825,25.5784328 66.4231069,25.8270417 66.0610042,26.0909911 C65.6884812,26.3495262 64.9968388,26.5331629 64.0299289,26.5295533 L60.4149796,26.5295533 Z M66.8273248,27.3250113 C67.5719366,26.8453903 68.0152303,25.9696195 67.9996,25.0194014 L67.9996,24.9467589 C68.0121911,24.0542939 67.6140517,23.2078508 66.9054765,22.7128892 C66.2051506,22.2116108 65.2838291,22.0040608 64.1710361,22 L59,22 L59,28 L64.0299289,28 C65.1531422,27.9945857 66.0922648,27.8141074 66.8273248,27.3250113 Z" class="upper"></path> <path d="M72.1511902,28.2758706 C75.2282522,26.0549982 74.9035155,22.8655666 74.9035155,22.8655666 C74.9035155,17.2223943 69.2238418,15.9066891 65.9395833,16.0050112 L59,16.0050112 L59,17.3741899 L65.9395833,17.3741899 C72.7569077,17.3741899 73.5003272,21.3454548 73.5063329,22.8655666 C73.5063329,22.8655666 73.743558,27.1296417 69.1607819,28.323738 C69.1607819,28.323738 74.5783499,29.6937791 74.5783499,34.2019346 C74.5783499,34.2019346 75.3835423,40.6058096 66.0112227,40.6058096 L59,40.6058096 L59,42 L66.0112227,42 C69.0329464,41.9982751 71.5098676,41.367806 73.2553806,40.0624505 C75.8554186,38.1180012 76.0180014,35.3494572 75.9986973,34.4744766 C75.9944076,34.2985318 75.9901178,34.1394052 75.9866859,34.0324583 C75.9819672,33.2700306 75.7335887,30.1133731 72.1511902,28.2758706" class="outer"></path> </g> <g class="L"> <polyline points="83.3319861 16 82 16 82 42 100 42 100 40.5962613 83.3319861 40.5962613 83.3319861 16" class="big"></polyline> <polyline points="89.3900961 16 88 16 88 36 100 36 100 34.5973757 89.3845663 34.5956521 89.3900961 16" class="small"></polyline> </g> <g class="I"> <polygon points="112 42 114 42 114 16 112 16" class="right"></polygon> <polygon points="105 42 107 42 107 16 105 16" class="left"></polygon> </g> <g class="C"> <path d="M137.825414,32.1340381 L137.414684,32.6410646 C135.97372,34.3745181 134.75559,35.3532473 132.45695,35.3726324 C129.477026,35.3648783 127.370543,32.897378 127.343275,29.4989648 L127.341997,29.4300402 C127.36543,26.1470757 129.480861,23.6278819 132.45695,23.6265896 C134.546816,23.6408053 135.894045,24.5773182 137.233179,26.247878 L138.317949,25.3716741 C136.877838,23.5227719 135.025291,22.2097584 132.45695,22.2248357 C130.554128,22.2200971 128.897147,23.0523616 127.752727,24.3701136 C126.608307,25.6878657 125.955143,27.4794743 125.955143,29.4300402 L125.955143,29.4989648 C125.955143,31.4986395 126.607028,33.3113563 127.752727,34.6334161 C128.897147,35.9593529 130.55711,36.7774017 132.45695,36.774817 C134.97672,36.7929097 136.66949,35.6328227 138.068699,34.0337722 L142.040085,36.8950043 C139.870543,39.6718038 137.105358,41.5719686 132.246898,41.5922152 C125.655617,41.5814457 120.400487,36.5396119 120.392392,29.5683202 L120.388558,29.4989648 C120.402618,22.6995538 125.518849,17.4177762 132.526399,17.4039913 C137.299219,17.4225148 140.220346,19.3722192 142.290613,22.2463746 L143.417138,21.426172 C141.173035,18.2517638 137.696741,15.9841447 132.526399,16.0000835 C128.665366,15.9996527 125.271729,17.478516 122.857199,19.9132772 C120.440112,22.3458845 119,25.7343898 119,29.4989648 L119,29.5683202 C119,33.4259434 120.476328,36.7954944 122.875946,39.1889009 C125.274712,41.5814457 128.59336,43 132.246898,43 L132.319756,43 C137.877395,43 141.249727,40.4584057 143.588844,37.1556254 L144,36.5783819 L137.825414,32.1340381"></path> </g> </g> <g class="radio"> <path d="M52.2412491,53.9664512 L52.2412491,51.2825471 L54.050617,51.2825471 C54.969655,51.2825471 55.5154873,51.7359902 55.5154873,52.6172338 C55.5154873,53.4399273 54.9492571,53.9664512 54.0611937,53.9664512 L52.2412491,53.9664512 Z M56.7778897,52.5377424 C56.7778897,50.9722742 55.7761269,50 54.1522287,50 L51,50 L51,58 L52.2412491,58 L52.2412491,55.2135264 L53.7975321,55.2135264 L55.5358852,58 L57,58 L55.0912868,54.9716331 C56.080962,54.6639244 56.7778897,53.8621721 56.7778897,52.5377424 Z" class="R"></path> <path d="M62.6643443,54.8443053 L63.977459,51.6695136 L65.3040984,54.8443053 L62.6643443,54.8443053 Z M63.3741803,50 L60,58 L61.3803279,58 L62.1704918,56.0839213 L65.7963115,56.0839213 L66.5745902,58 L68,58 L64.6254098,50 L63.3741803,50 Z" class="A"></path> <path d="M72.8881408,56.7178638 L71.3613867,56.7178638 L71.3613867,51.2804272 L72.8881408,51.2804272 C74.512875,51.2804272 75.5724663,52.4339653 75.5724663,54.0091856 C75.5724663,55.5869693 74.512875,56.7178638 72.8881408,56.7178638 Z M72.8881408,50 L70,50 L70,58 L72.8881408,58 C75.3190409,58 77,56.2479039 77,53.9865421 C77,51.7273164 75.3190409,50 72.8881408,50 Z" class="D"></path> <polygon points="80 58 82 58 82 50 80 50" class="I"></polygon> <path d="M88.0132795,56.7493284 C86.4957352,56.7493284 85.4108994,55.5060963 85.4108994,53.989254 C85.4108994,52.4753048 86.4716278,51.2510849 87.9895807,51.2510849 C89.509168,51.2510849 90.5891006,52.4984501 90.5891006,54.0111593 C90.5891006,55.5275883 89.5287808,56.7493284 88.0132795,56.7493284 Z M88.0132795,50 C85.6630063,50 84,51.8231039 84,54.0111593 C84,56.199628 85.6409418,58 87.9895807,58 C90.3369937,58 92,56.1768961 92,53.989254 C92,51.8020252 90.3606926,50 88.0132795,50 Z" class="O"></path> </g> </svg> <span class="for-screenreaders">A list of our sites</span> <svg viewbox="0 0 16 76" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="nypr-brand-header__square-bracket-open"> <path d="M2,76 L0,76 L0,0 L2,0 L16,-4.4408921e-16 L16,2 L2,2 L2,74 L16,74 L16,76 L2,76 Z"></path> </svg> <div id="ember65038068" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wnyc.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wnyc-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WNYC (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="1 8 22 9" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wnyc-logo"> <path d="M12.4221677,16.7347163 L17.2790702,16.7347163 L17.2790702,9.80577122 L12.4221677,9.80577122 L12.4221677,16.7347163 L12.4221677,16.7347163 Z M15.5075683,11.3350879 L16.4711721,11.3350879 L15.2899803,13.2267375 L15.2899803,14.4433122 L14.4238854,14.4433122 L14.4238854,13.2399065 L13.2427508,11.3350879 L14.2242965,11.3350879 L14.8634611,12.4273428 L15.5075683,11.3350879 Z M18.1332972,16.7350962 L22.9899998,16.7350962 L22.9899998,8 L18.1332972,8 L18.1332972,16.7350962 Z M20.6750136,14.5054235 C19.7870057,14.5054235 19.0720167,13.8264921 19.0720167,12.8980641 L19.0720167,12.8894657 C19.0720167,11.9836049 19.7690352,11.2732222 20.7104117,11.2732222 C21.3453194,11.2732222 21.7539539,11.5394015 22.029253,11.921445 L21.3810603,12.4231235 C21.2033558,12.2011361 20.9992814,12.0591909 20.7016693,12.0591909 C20.266322,12.0591909 19.9600818,12.4273513 19.9600818,12.8804388 L19.9600818,12.8894657 C19.9600818,13.3555222 20.266322,13.7195977 20.7016693,13.7195977 C21.0257942,13.7195977 21.2168122,13.5685114 21.4029448,13.3423247 L22.0516232,13.8039535 C21.7584965,14.2079929 21.3632327,14.5054235 20.6750136,14.5054235 Z M6.71102956,16.7347563 L11.568075,16.7347563 L11.568075,9.02846949 L6.71102956,9.02846949 L6.71102956,16.7347563 Z M10.6523542,14.4433236 L9.89725318,14.4433236 L8.5697838,12.7383537 L8.5697838,14.4433236 L7.71705958,14.4433236 L7.71705958,11.3350708 L8.52078652,11.3350708 L9.79965858,12.9778522 L9.79965858,11.3350708 L10.6523542,11.3350708 L10.6523542,14.4433236 Z M2.05425307,14.4587807 L2.80484008,14.4587807 L3.42634854,12.6695407 L4.052771,14.4587807 L4.8031009,14.4587807 L5.8420148,11.3285606 L4.94974992,11.3285606 L4.40775135,13.1270274 L3.80844166,11.3197908 L3.06688272,11.3197908 L2.46740162,13.1270274 L1.92568875,11.3285606 L1.01505345,11.3285606 L2.05425307,14.4587807 Z M1,15.258504 L5.85704539,15.258504 L5.85704539,16.7347734 L1,16.7347734 L1,15.258504 Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038071" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.gothamist.com?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="gothamist-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit Gothamist (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 57 60" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-gothamist-logo"> <g class="gothamist-letters"> <path d="M2.00804183,52.4172958 C2.00804183,52.9306795 2.24499535,53.2618394 2.81460147,53.2618394 C3.38355212,53.2618394 3.62083338,52.9306795 3.62083338,52.4172958 C3.62083338,51.9042553 3.38355212,51.5730954 2.81460147,51.5730954 C2.24499535,51.5730954 2.00804183,51.9042553 2.00804183,52.4172958 Z M2.84606418,57.2350721 C2.08702634,57.2350721 1.70750741,57.4172958 1.70750741,57.8641043 C1.70750741,58.311256 2.08702634,58.4931366 2.84606418,58.4931366 C3.60510203,58.4931366 3.98429321,58.311256 3.98429321,57.8641043 C3.98429321,57.4172958 3.60510203,57.2350721 2.84606418,57.2350721 Z M6.08737864,51.8380233 L5.24935629,51.8380233 C5.28114673,52.0199039 5.29687809,52.285175 5.29687809,52.4172958 C5.29687809,54.0229925 4.44279664,54.8345916 2.81460147,54.8345916 C2.70382652,54.8345916 2.59305157,54.8345916 2.46654526,54.8345916 C2.19780129,54.8345916 2.03950454,55.066232 2.03950454,55.2978723 C2.03950454,55.5133837 2.16633858,55.7282086 2.40329211,55.7282086 C2.54552977,55.7282086 2.71988561,55.7282086 2.84606418,55.7282086 C4.7275997,55.7282086 5.69212836,56.4732327 5.69212836,57.8641043 C5.69212836,59.254976 4.7275997,60 2.84606418,60 C0.96452866,60 0,59.254976 0,57.8641043 C0,57.0857927 0.316265769,56.55628 0.743306491,56.2580645 C0.601068829,56.0428964 0.458831167,55.7282086 0.458831167,55.2978723 C0.458831167,54.801304 0.632531537,54.4042553 0.901275507,54.1557996 C0.680053337,53.9073439 0.331997123,53.4433768 0.331997123,52.4172958 C0.331997123,50.811256 1.20180992,50 2.81460147,50 C3.06761409,50 6.08737864,50 6.08737864,50 L6.08737864,51.8380233 Z" class="G"></path> <path d="M9.15577636,53.3336623 C9.15577636,54.3969601 9.47716079,54.9207133 10.2380393,54.9207133 C10.9978664,54.9207133 11.3196013,54.3969601 11.3196013,53.3336623 C11.3196013,52.2700355 10.9978664,51.7462824 10.2380393,51.7462824 C9.47716079,51.7462824 9.15577636,52.2700355 9.15577636,53.3336623 Z M10.2380393,56.6666667 C8.25961497,56.6666667 7.19417476,55.5553362 7.19417476,53.3336623 C7.19417476,51.1113304 8.25961497,50 10.2380393,50 C12.2161132,50 13.2815534,51.1113304 13.2815534,53.3336623 C13.2815534,55.5553362 12.2161132,56.6666667 10.2380393,56.6666667 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M16.6367598,51.8342923 L16.6367598,53.2727821 C16.6367598,54.6784419 16.6213564,55.0663719 17.503841,55.0663719 C17.7204508,55.0663719 18.0147193,54.9692219 18.2621359,54.8080869 L18.2621359,56.2787367 C17.8138338,56.5209417 17.3180379,56.6666667 16.8999006,56.6666667 C15.073318,56.6666667 14.8409839,55.7454168 14.8409839,53.757192 L14.8409839,51.8342923 L13.8349515,51.8342923 L13.8349515,50.0400325 L14.8409839,50.0400325 L14.8409839,48.5533027 L16.6367598,47.7777778 L16.6367598,50.0400325 L18.2621359,50.0400325 L18.2621359,51.8342923 L16.6367598,51.8342923" class="T"></path> <path d="M21.2797087,56.6666667 L19.368932,56.6666667 L19.368932,46.9056927 L21.2797087,46.1111111 L21.2797087,50.4293553 C21.8068195,50.1481481 22.5479837,49.883059 22.9931602,49.883059 C24.4584189,49.883059 24.9029126,50.8593964 24.9029126,52.1995885 C24.9029126,52.7788066 24.9029126,56.6666667 24.9029126,56.6666667 L22.9931602,56.6666667 C22.9931602,56.6666667 22.9931602,53.2914952 22.9931602,52.6464335 C22.9931602,51.968107 22.7128765,51.7695473 22.2680414,51.7695473 C22.0041446,51.7695473 21.6419267,51.9183813 21.2797087,52.1498628 L21.2797087,56.6666667" class="H"></path> <path d="M29.897271,52.2065403 C29.6804307,51.9051849 29.3297512,51.7301619 28.9462172,51.7301619 C28.1954034,51.7301619 27.9453627,52.3016186 27.9453627,53.3336623 C27.9453627,54.365048 28.1954034,54.9365048 28.9462172,54.9365048 C29.3297512,54.9365048 29.6804307,54.7618108 29.897271,54.4604553 L29.897271,52.2065403 Z M31.8325791,50 L31.8325791,54.7776023 C31.8325791,55.3809712 31.9826727,55.5076326 32.2998059,55.5076326 C32.4166991,55.5076326 32.5339381,55.4760495 32.6504854,55.4125543 L32.6504854,56.3172786 C32.2334051,56.5393473 31.7993787,56.6666667 31.3487521,56.6666667 C30.8483249,56.6666667 30.4478447,56.4758521 30.197804,56.1583761 C29.7807237,56.4758521 29.2630046,56.6666667 28.6792304,56.6666667 C26.9109619,56.6666667 26.0097087,55.4760495 26.0097087,53.3336623 C26.0097087,51.1906172 26.9109619,50 28.6792304,50 C29.3134969,50 29.8640706,50.2223977 30.2974053,50.6033689 L31.8325791,50 Z" class="A"></path> <path d="M35.5878393,56.6666667 L33.7572816,56.6666667 L33.7572816,50.7530238 L35.5878393,50 L35.5878393,50.7686305 C36.0451516,50.4864092 36.7242506,50.2350761 37.1190832,50.2350761 C37.8292584,50.2350761 38.270869,50.502341 38.5234049,50.9572116 C39.0755817,50.5647679 39.8642655,50.2350761 40.3539626,50.2350761 C41.6640741,50.2350761 42.0582524,51.1607491 42.0582524,52.4313955 C42.0582524,52.9805566 42.0582524,56.6666667 42.0582524,56.6666667 L40.2280218,56.6666667 C40.2280218,56.6666667 40.2280218,53.4666407 40.2280218,52.8550527 C40.2280218,52.2119261 39.9908606,52.0236702 39.6437873,52.0236702 C39.4383566,52.0236702 39.1233411,52.1647809 38.823373,52.3998569 L38.823373,56.6666667 L36.9928152,56.6666667 C36.9928152,56.6666667 36.9928152,53.4666407 36.9928152,52.8550527 C36.9928152,52.2119261 36.7553269,52.0236702 36.4089079,52.0236702 C36.2034772,52.0236702 35.8878074,52.1647809 35.5878393,52.3998569 L35.5878393,56.6666667" class="M"></path> <path d="M45.3786408,49.6669776 L45.3786408,56.6666667 L44.2718447,56.6666667 L44.2718447,50.1336926 L45.3786408,49.6669776 Z M44.2718447,47.9334646 L45.3786408,47.9334646 L45.3786408,46.6666667 L44.2718447,46.6666667 L44.2718447,47.9334646 Z" class="I"></path> <path d="M47.6080339,54.825306 C48.0588416,55.2701013 48.6660454,55.809646 49.5212258,55.809646 C50.096828,55.809646 50.5947158,55.5872483 50.5947158,54.8568891 C50.5947158,54.190683 49.9878344,53.9363732 49.4593123,53.7462166 C48.6192878,53.4287406 47.592233,53.0003948 47.592233,51.7146993 C47.592233,50.6356099 48.4322574,50 49.5367042,50 C50.1745423,50 50.6879085,50.1589025 51.0768027,50.3813002 L51.0768027,51.3814318 C50.6575967,51.0639558 50.143908,50.8576786 49.5367042,50.8576786 C48.9923812,50.8576786 48.4635367,51.0952099 48.4635367,51.7146993 C48.4635367,52.2700355 48.9456236,52.5078958 49.4593123,52.6987104 C50.2990143,53.0158573 51.4660194,53.5080274 51.4660194,54.8568891 C51.4660194,55.9682195 50.7504669,56.6666667 49.5212258,56.6666667 C48.5567294,56.6666667 47.9501705,56.2222003 47.6080339,55.9359784 L47.6080339,54.825306" class="S"></path> <path d="M54.7089195,50.8966274 L54.7089195,53.967237 C54.7089195,55.3896468 54.9670946,55.7129218 55.9148077,55.7129218 C56.1901231,55.7129218 56.621129,55.5832768 57,55.4221418 L57,56.3433917 C56.5347136,56.5209417 56.0180063,56.6666667 55.6737729,56.6666667 C53.9683178,56.6666667 53.675148,55.6161068 53.675148,53.967237 L53.675148,50.8966274 L52.5728155,50.8966274 L52.5728155,50.0400325 L53.675148,50.0400325 L53.675148,48.2296927 L54.7089195,47.7777778 L54.7089195,50.0400325 L57,50.0400325 L57,50.8966274 L54.7089195,50.8966274" class="T"></path> </g> <g class="gothamist-buildings"> <g class="building"> <polygon points="0.020113891 43.3333333 9.00498898 43.3333333 9.00498898 18.54086109 0.020113891 18.54086109"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="13.2815534 26.6666667 18.815534 26.6666667 18.815534 22.7777778 13.2815534 22.7777778"></polygon> <polygon points="11.0679612 39.4444444 20.4757282 39.4444444 20.4757282 25.5555556 11.0679612 25.5555556"></polygon> <polygon points="10.5145631 42.7777778 21.0291262 42.7777778 21.0291262 38.8888889 10.5145631 38.8888889"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="22.5309102 43.3333333 34.680706 43.3333333 34.680706 13.659962213 22.5309102 13.659962213"></polygon> <polygon points="23.7961165 15 33.7572816 15 33.7572816 11.1111111 23.7961165 11.1111111"></polygon> <polygon points="26.5631068 12.7777778 29.8834951 12.7777778 29.8834951 10 26.5631068 10"></polygon> <polygon points="28.223301 17.7777778 28.776699 17.7777778 28.776699 2.22222222 28.223301 2.22222222"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polyline points="36.5242718 0 48.6990291 6.58096369 48.6990291 42.7777778 36.5242718 42.7777778 36.5242718 0"></polyline> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="49.8058252 43.3333333 57 43.3333333 57 23.3333333 49.8058252 23.3333333"></polygon> <polygon points="51.4660194 23.3333333 55.8932039 23.3333333 55.8932039 21.6666667 51.4660194 21.6666667"></polygon> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038074" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wnycstudios.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wnyc-studios-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WNYC Studios (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 73 39" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wnyc-studios-logo"> <g transform="translate(0.000000, 32.000000)" class="letters"> <polygon points="0.00774693878 0.171879145 1.88637959 0.171879145 3.00432245 3.81320314 4.24174694 0.153463522 5.77236327 0.153463522 7.0094898 3.81320314 8.12743265 0.171879145 9.96971429 0.171879145 7.82530204 6.5106534 6.27621224 6.5106534 4.98396327 2.8871604 3.70095102 6.5106534 2.15186122 6.5106534" class="W"></polygon> <polygon points="10.7250408 0.171879145 12.3837796 0.171879145 15.023102 3.498676 15.023102 0.171879145 16.782849 0.171879145 16.782849 6.46563744 15.2248204 6.46563744 12.4844898 3.01314665 12.4844898 6.46592975 10.7250408 6.46592975 10.7250408 0.171879145" class="N"></polygon> <polygon points="19.8965224 4.02892901 17.4586204 0.171879145 19.4841469 0.171879145 20.8038082 2.38350774 22.1327061 0.171879145 24.1215837 0.171879145 21.6836816 4.00232867 21.6836816 6.46592975 19.8965224 6.46592975 19.8965224 4.02892901" class="Y"></polygon> <path d="M24.024151,3.33673545 L24.024151,3.31861213 C24.024151,1.48464996 25.4629959,0.0461852125 27.4059878,0.0461852125 C28.7164122,0.0461852125 29.5599347,0.585499877 30.1278449,1.35866372 L28.7897102,2.3750307 C28.4232204,1.92516335 28.0016082,1.63752886 27.3875143,1.63752886 C26.4894653,1.63752886 25.856898,2.38409236 25.856898,3.30107345 L25.856898,3.31890445 C25.856898,4.2630705 26.4894653,5.00028003 27.3875143,5.00028003 C28.0564327,5.00028003 28.4506327,4.69481454 28.8355959,4.23617784 L30.1737306,5.17128224 C29.5688735,5.98946205 28.7530612,6.59191599 27.3323918,6.59191599 C25.4999429,6.59162368 24.024151,5.2160059 24.024151,3.33673545 Z" id="Shape" class="C"></path> <path d="M34.0308122,2.97690002 C35.4607184,3.28295014 36.1204,3.79537214 36.1204,4.76643085 C36.1204,5.85441415 35.2038776,6.55566937 33.9298041,6.55566937 C32.9125714,6.55566937 32.0785837,6.2227266 31.3086571,5.54865635 L31.7576816,5.02717268 C32.426898,5.62027266 33.0681061,5.91755343 33.9572163,5.91755343 C34.8189143,5.91755343 35.3871224,5.47674773 35.3871224,4.83863179 C35.3871224,4.2452395 35.0662204,3.91258904 33.718849,3.6337239 C32.2433551,3.31890445 31.564902,2.8514984 31.564902,1.80853107 C31.564902,0.801810366 32.4540122,0.0824318349 33.6729633,0.0824318349 C34.6076612,0.0824318349 35.2765796,0.343173667 35.9273224,0.855887988 L35.5057102,1.403972 C34.9097918,0.92779661 34.3141714,0.720840088 33.6544898,0.720840088 C32.820502,0.720840088 32.2889429,1.17041513 32.2889429,1.74597642 C32.2895388,2.34755343 32.6196776,2.68020388 34.0308122,2.97690002 Z" class="S"></path> <polygon points="40.0582286 6.46563744 39.325249 6.46563744 39.325249 0.828118398 37.171302 0.828118398 37.171302 0.171879145 42.2121755 0.171879145 42.2121755 0.828118398 40.0582286 0.828118398 40.0582286 6.46563744" class="T"></polygon> <path d="M48.8253796,3.77724883 C48.8253796,5.611211 47.7530245,6.56443871 46.1491102,6.56443871 C44.5636694,6.56443871 43.4820776,5.611211 43.4820776,3.83103414 L43.4820776,0.171586834 L44.2061184,0.171586834 L44.2061184,3.78572587 C44.2061184,5.14351265 44.9393959,5.90761484 46.1675837,5.90761484 C47.3498857,5.90761484 48.1013388,5.20665193 48.1013388,3.83103414 L48.1013388,0.171586834 L48.8253796,0.171586834 L48.8253796,3.77724883 Z" class="U"></path> <path d="M52.9187429,6.46563744 L50.691498,6.46563744 L50.691498,0.171879145 L52.9187429,0.171879145 C54.9350327,0.171879145 56.3279918,1.52966593 56.3279918,3.30955048 C56.3279918,5.08943503 54.9350327,6.46563744 52.9187429,6.46563744 Z M52.9187429,0.828118398 L51.4158367,0.828118398 L51.4158367,5.80910587 L52.9187429,5.80910587 C54.5408327,5.80910587 55.5765388,4.73047654 55.5765388,3.3279661 C55.5765388,1.92487104 54.5408327,0.828118398 52.9187429,0.828118398 Z" class="D"></path> <polygon points="58.6756122 0.171879145 58.6756122 6.46563744 57.9515714 6.46563744 57.9515714 0.171879145" class="I"></polygon> <path d="M63.5627388,6.57320806 C61.6105102,6.57320806 60.3000857,5.07189634 60.3000857,3.32767379 C60.3000857,1.58315893 61.6289837,0.0637239008 63.5812122,0.0637239008 C65.5334408,0.0637239008 66.8438653,1.56532793 66.8438653,3.30955048 C66.8435673,5.05406534 65.5149673,6.57320806 63.5627388,6.57320806 Z M63.5627388,0.720255465 C62.0964816,0.720255465 61.0515388,1.87108573 61.0515388,3.30955048 C61.0515388,4.74801523 62.1146571,5.91726112 63.5812122,5.91726112 C65.0477673,5.91726112 66.0924122,4.76613854 66.0924122,3.3279661 C66.0924122,1.88920904 65.0292939,0.720255465 63.5627388,0.720255465 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M70.6202,2.97690002 C72.0498082,3.28295014 72.7097878,3.79537214 72.7097878,4.76643085 C72.7097878,5.85441415 71.7932653,6.55566937 70.5191918,6.55566937 C69.5019592,6.55566937 68.6679714,6.2227266 67.8980449,5.54865635 L68.3470694,5.02717268 C69.0162857,5.62027266 69.6577918,5.91755343 70.5466041,5.91755343 C71.408302,5.91755343 71.9762122,5.47674773 71.9762122,4.83863179 C71.9762122,4.2452395 71.6553102,3.91258904 70.3079388,3.6337239 C68.8324449,3.31890445 68.1542898,2.8514984 68.1542898,1.80853107 C68.1542898,0.801810366 69.0434,0.0824318349 70.262351,0.0824318349 C71.1973469,0.0824318349 71.8662653,0.343173667 72.5170082,0.855887988 L72.0953959,1.403972 C71.4994776,0.92779661 70.9038571,0.720840088 70.2441755,0.720840088 C69.4101878,0.720840088 68.8786286,1.17041513 68.8786286,1.74597642 C68.8786286,2.34755343 69.2087673,2.68020388 70.6202,2.97690002 Z" class="S"></path> </g> <polygon points="0 0 0 29 2.59436066 29 2.59436066 24.6771956 17.3514098 24.6771956 17.3514098 29 19.9460656 29 19.9460656 5.83588876 34.7025246 5.83588876 34.7025246 29 37.2977705 29 37.2977705 8.18686705 52.0542295 8.18686705 52.0542295 29 54.6494754 29 54.6494754 2.72572511 69.4050492 2.72572511 69.4050492 29 72 29 72 0" class="bars-on-background"></polygon> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038077" class="ember-view"><a href="http://www.njpublicradio.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="njpr-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit NJPR (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71 19" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="logo-link__logo-njpr-logo"> <title>NJPR</title> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(-438 -22)" fill-rule="nonzero"> <g transform="translate(438 22)"> <path d="m68.297 17.966l-3.5751-5.1353-0.022642-0.032389c-0.039623-0.052493-0.13925-0.15078-0.31472-0.11615l-0.0011321-0.0011169c-0.18226 0.023454-0.36453 0.043558-0.54227 0.058077-0.056604 0.015636-0.22302 0.07818-0.092831 0.27475l3.5502 5.0828c0.067925 0.079297 0.13585 0.12174 0.23321 0.12174h0.66c0.20038-0.0011168 0.17887-0.13737 0.10528-0.25241z"></path> <path d="m30.301 0.30653v-0.0055843c-0.0022641-0.15301-0.12679-0.27698-0.28302-0.27922h-0.35774c-0.15283 0.0022337-0.27623 0.12285-0.28189 0.27251v10.873c0 2.3499-1.9381 4.2608-4.3189 4.2608-0.90906 0-1.8521-0.32277-2.5834-0.84435-0.16415-0.10722-0.23321-0.10834-0.34076 0.0044674l-0.32151 0.30155c-0.13472 0.13514-0.096227 0.24236-0.0045284 0.34176 0.91246 0.69134 2.0943 1.1068 3.2502 1.1068 2.8902 0 5.2415-2.3186 5.2415-5.17v-10.861z"></path> <path d="m44.699 0.021733l-9.0487 0.0011169c-0.1517 0-0.2751 0.11615-0.28755 0.26358v17.669c0.012453 0.14743 0.13585 0.26246 0.28755 0.26246h0.34528c0.16076 0 0.28868-0.12732 0.28868-0.2848l0.0011321-16.795c0.0033962-0.11392 0.096227-0.20662 0.21283-0.20662h8.1997c3.334 0 6.0476 2.676 6.0476 5.9652 0 3.2892-2.7125 5.9652-6.0476 5.9652h-4.44c-0.15623 0.0022338-0.28076 0.12286-0.28528 0.27698v0.0078181 0.11727 4.6696 0.0033506c0.0033962 0.15636 0.13019 0.28145 0.28868 0.28145h0.34755c0.1551 0 0.28076-0.12062 0.28642-0.27363v-3.871h0.0011321v-0.088232h-0.0011321v-0.0022337c0.0022641-0.11615 0.097359-0.21109 0.21623-0.21109h0.10189 3.4845c3.8445 0 6.9691-3.0837 6.9691-6.8743 0.0022642-3.7918-3.1234-6.8754-6.968-6.8754z"></path> <path d="m63.348 4.5618h-4.4253c-0.1483 0.0044674-0.2683 0.12174-0.27736 0.26805v4.0509c0.0090566 0.14743 0.13019 0.26581 0.28189 0.26805h4.4208c1.3676 0 2.3242-0.94263 2.3242-2.294 0-1.3514-0.95661-2.2929-2.3242-2.2929zm0 3.6789h-3.5649c-0.1166-0.0011169-0.2117-0.0927-0.21396-0.20774v-2.3532c0.0033963-0.11392 0.097359-0.20439 0.21283-0.20662h3.5661c1.0347 0 1.4015 0.74606 1.4015 1.3838 0 0.63885-0.36679 1.3838-1.4015 1.3838z"></path> <path d="m44.678 4.5618h-4.4242c-0.1517 0.0044674-0.27396 0.12621-0.27849 0.27587v0.0089349 0.11615 3.9146c0.0079245 0.14966 0.12906 0.26916 0.28189 0.2714h4.4208c1.346 0 2.3242-0.96385 2.3242-2.294s-0.97812-2.2929-2.3242-2.2929zm0 3.6789h-3.5649c-0.11774-0.0011169-0.21283-0.0927-0.2151-0.20885v-2.2583h0.0011321v-0.088232h-0.0011321v-0.0011169c0.0022642-0.11615 0.097359-0.20885 0.21396-0.21109h3.5661c0.82415 0 1.4015 0.5696 1.4015 1.3838 0 0.81419-0.57849 1.3838-1.4015 1.3838z"></path> <path d="m65.764 17.981l-3.5966-5.0672c-0.052076-0.072596-0.13698-0.12286-0.23434-0.12397h-3.0034c-0.1517 0.0022337-0.2717 0.11839-0.28415 0.26581v4.893c0.0090566 0.14966 0.13359 0.26916 0.28868 0.26916h0.34642c0.15962 0 0.28868-0.12732 0.28868-0.2848h-0.0011321l0.0011321-4.0263c0.0045283-0.11504 0.098491-0.20662 0.2151-0.20662h1.6925c0.069057 0 0.12679 0.033506 0.16642 0.081531l3.0849 4.2731c0.074717 0.11392 0.1483 0.16306 0.26151 0.16306h0.66c0.19019 0 0.19132-0.10945 0.11434-0.23678z"></path> <path d="m32.314 0.021733h-0.35774c-0.15623 0.0022337-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.2848v11.003c0 3.5204-2.9038 6.3829-6.4721 6.3829-1.8068 0-3.5445-0.75388-4.7729-2.074l-0.46528-0.48137c-0.072453-0.083765-0.071321-0.20885 0.0067925-0.28927h0.0011321l0.0022641-0.0022337 2.1193-2.0405c0.083774-0.072596 0.2117-0.071479 0.29208 0.0067011l0.0011321 0.0011169 0.46076 0.45233c0.56264 0.54615 1.3211 0.8611 2.117 0.8611 1.6653 0 3.0193-1.3358 3.0193-2.9787v-10.864c-0.011321-0.14519-0.13132-0.26023-0.28076-0.26246h-0.35774c-0.15736 0.0022337-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.2848l-0.0011321 10.841c0 1.1403-0.94076 2.0695-2.0966 2.0695-0.59547 0-1.1649-0.25129-1.5668-0.69246l-0.94642-0.95492c-0.11208-0.10275-0.28528-0.10275-0.39623 0.0011169l-3.3396 3.211-0.0079246 0.007818-0.0022641 0.0011169c-0.11094 0.1128-0.11094 0.29038 0.0011321 0.40207l1.046 1.0465c1.397 1.5033 3.3827 2.3633 5.4476 2.3633 4.0778 0 7.3936-3.2713 7.3936-7.2931v-11.02c-0.0056604-0.14854-0.12679-0.26581-0.27849-0.26805z"></path> <path d="m12.263 10.863c0.11774 0 0.21396-0.093816 0.21396-0.2122v-0.0067012-10.367c-0.013585-0.14184-0.13245-0.25353-0.27962-0.25576h-0.35774c-0.15623 0.0033506-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.28368l-0.0022641 8.19-5.8144-8.2726c-0.13472-0.16306-0.2751-0.19992-0.40642-0.19992l-4.6642-0.0011169c-0.15623 0.0033506-0.28189 0.12956-0.28189 0.28368l-0.0011321 17.64c0.0067925 0.15189 0.13245 0.2714 0.28755 0.2714h0.34755c0.15849 0 0.28755-0.12509 0.28868-0.28145v-16.789-0.0022337c0-0.11615 0.095095-0.20997 0.21283-0.20997l3.394 0.0011169s0.20491-0.0089349 0.32717 0.17758l6.8627 9.6821c0.039623 0.041324 0.093963 0.068129 0.15623 0.068129z"></path> <path d="m17.09 0.30207c-0.0022642-0.15524-0.12679-0.2781-0.28302-0.28145h-0.35774c-0.15283 0.0033506-0.2751 0.12174-0.28189 0.2714l-0.0011321 16.804v0.0022337c-0.0011321 0.1128-0.090566 0.20215-0.20264 0.20885h-3.4834c-0.075849 0-0.13472-0.031272-0.19925-0.1061l-6.9046-9.7469c-0.039623-0.046908-0.097359-0.077064-0.16415-0.077064-0.11774 0-0.21396 0.094933-0.21396 0.21109v0.0044674 0.0033506l0.0011321 10.334c0 0.15859 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.14717 0 0.26717-0.10945 0.28528-0.25018v-8.2223l5.8178 8.276c0.12792 0.15413 0.29321 0.19657 0.37811 0.19657l4.6845 0.0022338c0.15962-0.0011169 0.28755-0.12732 0.28755-0.2848h-0.0011321l0.0033963-17.631z"></path> <path d="m14.791 0.30653c0-0.15859-0.12906-0.2848-0.28868-0.2848h-0.34642c-0.15283 0-0.27736 0.11839-0.28755 0.26693v14.405c0 0.1061-0.08717 0.19322-0.19585 0.19322-0.065661 0-0.12566-0.032389-0.16302-0.087115l-8.7283-11.768-0.072453-0.10052c-0.20717-0.30602-0.55359-0.48807-0.92491-0.48807h-0.0022642c-0.61585 0-1.1174 0.49365-1.1174 1.1023v14.386c0 0.15859 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.15283 0 0.27736-0.11727 0.28642-0.2647l0.0011321-14.406c0-0.1061 0.08717-0.1921 0.19472-0.1921 0.065661 0 0.12566 0.032389 0.16302 0.087115l8.7283 11.768 0.072453 0.10052c0.2083 0.30379 0.55246 0.48807 0.92491 0.48807h0.0022642c0.61585 0 1.1162-0.49477 1.1162-1.1023l0.0022641-14.389z"></path> <path d="m44.811 2.3214l-6.7189 0.0022337h-0.13698c-0.15962 0-0.28868 0.12732-0.28868 0.2848h0.0011321l0.001132 15.324c0 0.15748 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.1483 0 0.26717-0.10945 0.28528-0.25018l0.0022641-14.524h-0.0011321c0-0.11727 0.097359-0.21332 0.2151-0.21332h6.0057c2.0321 0 3.6849 1.6317 3.6849 3.6376 0 2.0059-1.6528 3.6376-3.6849 3.6376h-4.4287-0.11887-0.0033962c-0.15849 0.0022338-0.28528 0.12956-0.28528 0.2848v0.34176c0 0.15301 0.1234 0.27698 0.27736 0.28368l4.5589-0.0011169c2.5393 0 4.6076-2.0394 4.6076-4.5468 0-2.5062-2.0683-4.5468-4.6076-4.5468z"></path> <path d="m63.484 2.3214l-6.8547 0.0033506c-0.16076 0-0.28868 0.12732-0.28868 0.2848h0.0011321l0.0011321 15.324h-0.0011321c0 0.15748 0.12906 0.2848 0.28981 0.2848h0.34528c0.1483 0 0.2683-0.10945 0.28642-0.25018v-14.524c0-0.11727 0.096227-0.21332 0.2151-0.21332h6.0057c2.0321 0 3.6861 1.6317 3.6861 3.6376 0 2.0059-1.654 3.6376-3.6861 3.6376h-4.5476-0.0033963c-0.15849 0.0022337-0.28528 0.12956-0.28528 0.2848v0.34176c0 0.15301 0.1234 0.27698 0.27736 0.28368l4.5589-0.0011169c2.5404 0 4.6076-2.0394 4.6076-4.5468s-2.0672-4.5479-4.6076-4.5479z"></path> <path d="m70.857 17.966l-3.634-5.1688c-0.096227-0.15859 0.066793-0.21667 0.066793-0.21667v-0.0067012c1.8385-1.2386 3.0498-3.3193 3.0498-5.677 0-3.7918-3.1257-6.8754-6.968-6.8754l-9.0498 0.0011169c-0.1517 0-0.27396 0.11615-0.28755 0.26135v17.655c0.0045283 0.15524 0.13132 0.2781 0.28981 0.2781h0.34415c0.15736 0 0.28528-0.12286 0.28755-0.2781v-16.804c0.0056604-0.11392 0.099623-0.20439 0.21396-0.20439h8.2008c3.334 0 6.0464 2.676 6.0464 5.9652 0 2.303-1.3313 4.3022-3.2728 5.295v0.0022337s-0.34528 0.12062-0.11887 0.45568l3.8049 5.4056c0.086038 0.1195 0.14491 0.16306 0.25925 0.16306h0.66c0.20264 0 0.18113-0.14184 0.10755-0.25129z"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038080" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wqxr.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wqxr-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WQXR (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 114 25" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wqxr-logo"> <path d="M51.0478502,10.9221209 L51.0478502,10.8719114 C51.0478502,5.8157769 46.779172,1.76744186 41.0155153,1.76744186 C35.2512207,1.76744186 30.9302326,5.86628713 30.9302326,10.9221209 L30.9302326,10.9723305 C30.9302326,16.028465 35.197954,20.077702 40.9619296,20.077702 C41.2269876,20.077702 41.4859853,20.0608652 41.745621,20.0428259 C42.2757371,20.9983111 43.0067997,21.8939658 43.9579466,22.6663514 C45.1326863,23.6257452 46.6397852,24.3527317 48.3892958,24.744186 L51.255814,20.7319297 C48.9551357,20.9108202 47.4955623,19.6853457 46.6716815,18.5236103 C49.3528823,16.8793219 51.0478502,14.0877295 51.0478502,10.9221209 L51.0478502,10.9221209 Z M45.7658273,10.9720298 C45.7658273,13.5107704 43.8699128,15.675194 41.0155153,15.675194 C38.1879107,15.675194 36.2396863,13.4626654 36.2396863,10.9221209 L36.2396863,10.8719114 C36.2396863,8.33166755 38.1317732,6.16844656 40.9616106,6.16844656 C43.817284,6.16844656 45.7655084,8.38097516 45.7655084,10.9221209 L45.7655084,10.9720298 L45.7658273,10.9720298 Z" class="W"></path> <polygon points="6.08907894 19.4418605 10.4845254 19.4418605 14.1276629 9.36612393 17.7945444 19.4418605 22.1928026 19.4418605 28.2790698 1.81787758 23.0510222 1.81787758 19.8768281 11.942849 16.3652198 1.76744186 12.0191358 1.76744186 8.50690254 11.942849 5.33364575 1.81787758 0 1.81787758" class="Q"></polygon> <polygon points="54.7906977 19.4418605 60.2165167 19.4418605 63.577535 14.1137326 66.9134422 19.4418605 72.4651163 19.4418605 66.4907365 10.4019622 72.2166945 1.76744186 66.7902776 1.76744186 63.677681 6.74082612 60.5907936 1.76744186 55.0397174 1.76744186 60.7656753 10.4522933" class="X"></polygon> <path d="M93.9887092,7.85144652 L93.9887092,7.80081218 C93.9887092,6.05893005 93.4694006,4.69574431 92.4574755,3.6848766 C91.2975578,2.4742003 89.4685594,1.76744186 86.8260469,1.76744186 L78.6511628,1.76744186 L78.6511628,19.4418605 L83.4432748,19.4418605 L83.4432748,14.0882638 L85.5418628,14.0882638 L89.0248783,19.4418605 L94.5581395,19.4418605 L90.4315492,13.2793271 C92.5802589,12.3457753 93.9887092,10.553562 93.9887092,7.85144652 L93.9887092,7.85144652 Z M89.1737606,8.1549494 C89.1737606,9.44233521 88.2350903,10.2506655 86.605096,10.2506655 L83.4432748,10.2506655 L83.4432748,6.0079925 L86.5801835,6.0079925 C88.1855618,6.0079925 89.1737606,6.71535734 89.1737606,8.10401185 L89.1737606,8.1549494 L89.1737606,8.1549494 Z" class="R"></path> <polygon points="111.348837 22.9767442 114 22.9767442 114 0 111.348837 0" class="rest-two"></polygon> <path d="M104.280641,10.6046512 C105.255552,10.6046512 106.046512,9.81233761 106.046512,8.83546489 C106.046512,7.8599877 105.255552,7.06976744 104.280641,7.06976744 C103.302587,7.06976744 102.511628,7.85963881 102.511628,8.83546489 C102.511279,9.81233761 103.302587,10.6046512 104.280641,10.6046512" class="dot-two"></path> <path d="M104.280641,16.7906977 C105.255552,16.7906977 106.046512,15.9990819 106.046512,15.0232558 C106.046512,14.0488253 105.255552,13.255814 104.280641,13.255814 C103.302587,13.255814 102.511628,14.0488253 102.511628,15.0232558 C102.511279,15.9994308 103.302587,16.7906977 104.280641,16.7906977" class="dot-one"></path> <polygon points="108.697674 22.9767442 109.581395 22.9767442 109.581395 0 108.697674 0" class="rest-one"></polygon> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038083" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.newsounds.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="new-sounds-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit New Sounds (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 155 18" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-new-sounds-logo"> <polyline points="12.1236281 17 9.34232914 17 4.9207392 6.4803792 3.01901457 17 0 17 2.87637186 1 5.7052407 1 10.0792608 11.4035113 11.9572005 1 15 1 12.1236281 17" class="N"></polyline> <polyline points="17.6544586 1 27 1 26.5611869 3.64728246 20.0018035 3.64728246 19.3217881 7.8039878 25.069395 7.8039878 24.6307052 10.4281658 18.882975 10.4281658 18.2248478 14.3527175 25.0036686 14.3527175 24.5648555 17 15 17 17.6544586 1" class="E"></polyline> <polyline points="44.8516909 1 48 1 39.959322 17 37.46829 17 36.7882868 7.63279325 33.1844991 17 30.5142039 17 28 1 31.1257739 1 32.5300231 12.1466379 36.4711387 1.03909475 38.7814435 1.03909475 39.5741864 12.1466379 44.8516909 1" class="W"></polyline> <path d="M73.9916364,12.2090001 C73.8551165,13.3389954 74.6530847,14.4010933 76.3406753,14.4010933 C77.9141789,14.4010933 78.9858278,13.5875296 79.2370756,12.5254318 C79.4876825,11.4858183 78.8948145,10.7853114 77.4578308,10.4011091 L75.6106466,9.90391371 C72.3495524,8.9095864 72.1899588,6.9435431 72.4412066,5.56495004 C72.9199875,2.83043877 75.6337204,1 78.5301206,1 C81.4944603,1 83.4557316,2.7852796 82.9083703,5.70055457 L79.9895372,5.70055457 C80.2177112,4.48017737 79.4646087,3.66661374 78.0051921,3.66661374 C76.7053692,3.66661374 75.5427071,4.38979552 75.3369659,5.49717954 C75.2459527,5.99431144 75.2914593,6.83048641 76.8880366,7.28245914 L78.7352209,7.84742506 C82.0418217,8.79659321 82.6346896,10.7627 82.1559087,12.5932023 C81.4944603,15.3954841 78.7352209,17 75.8618944,17 C72.509146,17 70.5940223,14.8757408 71.0728033,12.2090001 L73.9916364,12.2090001" class="S"></path> <path d="M91.0668014,14.1485293 C93.8579988,14.1485293 96.4922666,11.8628241 96.9877342,9.01135347 C97.4832018,6.1598192 95.7044541,3.85147066 92.9126239,3.85147066 C90.0986463,3.85147066 87.4643785,6.1598192 86.9910583,9.01135347 C86.4962234,11.8628241 88.252191,14.1485293 91.0668014,14.1485293 Z M93.3853114,1 C97.7983268,1 100.657865,4.5756759 99.8694194,9.01135347 C99.104387,13.4017444 94.9843492,17 90.5713338,17 C86.1583183,17 83.3437079,13.4017444 84.1321532,9.01135347 C84.8978183,4.5756759 88.9729287,1 93.3853114,1 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M110.242709,11.2088731 L112.067094,1 L115,1 L113.175615,11.2088731 C112.55191,14.7339348 109.365238,17 106.132487,17 C102.899736,17 100.47501,14.7339348 101.098066,11.2088731 L102.945816,1 L105.947517,1 L104.100416,11.2088731 C103.799922,13.0400473 105.023967,14.2302719 106.640667,14.2302719 C108.256718,14.2302719 109.919499,13.0400473 110.242709,11.2088731" class="U"></path> <polyline points="126.123736 17 123.342346 17 118.920716 6.4803792 117.018574 17 114 17 116.876264 1 119.705091 1 124.079284 11.4035113 125.957374 1 129 1 126.123736 17" class="N"></polyline> <path d="M131.392596,14.0646784 L134.602742,14.0646784 C137.380347,14.0646784 139.201371,11.7563534 139.702377,8.95019788 C140.203382,6.12133569 139.246801,3.76772438 136.469835,3.76772438 L133.259689,3.76772438 L131.392596,14.0646784 Z M128.046161,16.7124594 L130.800731,1.12000707 L136.924771,1.12000707 C141.410146,1.12000707 143.413528,4.51456537 142.616271,8.95019788 C141.819653,13.3631873 138.654936,16.7124594 134.170201,16.7124594 L128.046161,16.7124594 Z" class="D"></path> <path d="M146.004936,12.1636749 C145.868007,13.295258 146.664625,14.3588481 148.34936,14.3588481 C149.920201,14.3588481 150.990676,13.5441413 151.240859,12.4805512 C151.491042,11.439477 150.899177,10.7379859 149.465265,10.3532438 L147.621207,9.85534982 C144.365631,8.85962544 144.206307,6.89081979 144.45649,5.51028975 C144.934461,2.7719364 147.643601,0.938925795 150.535101,0.938925795 C153.495064,0.938925795 155.452377,2.72671378 154.905941,5.64608481 L151.992048,5.64608481 C152.219835,4.42399293 151.468647,3.60928622 150.0117,3.60928622 C148.714077,3.60928622 147.552742,4.3334841 147.347989,5.44242403 C147.25713,5.94025442 147.302559,6.77760424 148.895795,7.23021201 L150.739854,7.79597173 C154.040859,8.7464735 154.633364,10.7153428 154.154753,12.548417 C153.495064,15.354636 150.739854,16.9614064 147.871389,16.9614064 C144.524954,16.9614064 142.612431,14.8341625 143.090402,12.1636749 L146.004936,12.1636749" class="S"></path> <path d="M59.2973949,4.42342049 L60.2981901,5.41825442 C61.1195704,6.22978092 62.3700366,7.32771731 63.733181,7.48577385 C65.1530165,7.65057244 66.0577697,7.14809894 66.5664534,6.69771731 C67.2261426,6.11383039 67.604936,5.27336396 67.604936,4.39155477 C67.604936,2.75202827 66.2279707,0.849879859 63.6755941,0.553929329 C62.4376691,0.410756184 61.318053,0.717773852 60.5246344,1.41983746 C59.7349909,2.11846643 59.3114077,3.1560424 59.2973949,4.42342049 Z M53.8254296,10.5115548 C52.7113163,10.5115548 51.9725411,10.9411378 51.531106,11.3316042 C50.8713528,11.915364 50.4930073,12.7559576 50.4930073,13.6377668 C50.4930073,15.2772933 51.8699726,17.1794417 54.4218373,17.4753922 C55.6599543,17.6190106 56.7796344,17.3116113 57.573117,16.6094841 C58.3623126,15.9111731 58.7858958,14.874424 58.8002925,13.6080636 L57.7993693,12.6108127 C56.978117,11.7995406 55.7274589,10.7016042 54.3646984,10.5435477 C54.1760055,10.5216678 53.9962706,10.5115548 53.8254296,10.5115548 Z M55.0103108,18 C54.7987751,18 54.5834004,17.9874064 54.3646984,17.9620283 C51.5298263,17.633258 50.000128,15.4886502 50.000128,13.6377668 C50.000128,12.6162191 50.4386837,11.642311 51.2033729,10.965689 C52.0295521,10.2346855 53.1725229,9.91170318 54.4218373,10.0569117 C55.9364351,10.2325866 57.2735375,11.400742 58.1475777,12.2639788 L58.8008684,12.9149682 L58.8041956,4.48823322 C58.8041956,3.04766078 59.2857495,1.8600424 60.1969013,1.05379505 C61.0969196,0.257533569 62.3525686,-0.0929893993 63.733181,0.0672932862 C66.5677331,0.396063604 68.0976234,2.54067138 68.0976234,4.39155477 C68.0976234,5.41310247 67.6593236,6.3870106 66.8940585,7.06363251 C66.0680073,7.79450883 64.9252285,8.11723675 63.6755941,7.97240989 C62.1610603,7.79673498 60.8240219,6.62857951 59.9501097,5.76521555 L59.296883,5.11575265 L59.2935558,13.5411519 C59.2935558,14.9816608 58.8120018,16.1692792 57.9007861,16.9754629 C57.1433912,17.6455336 56.133894,17.9998728 55.0103108,18 Z" class="note"></path> <path d="M63.46242,18 C63.1959668,18 62.9295135,17.8969819 62.7266016,17.6909456 L60.2076791,15.1284908 L60.2321916,14.4489461 L63.0734683,17.3388215 C63.2878406,17.5563689 63.6368721,17.5565629 63.8514354,17.3386275 C63.9554063,17.2330872 64.0126444,17.0927549 64.0126444,16.9434983 C64.0126444,16.7942416 63.9554063,16.6538446 63.8514991,16.5483691 L51.3043202,3.80399757 C50.8985599,3.39186036 50.8985599,2.72124011 51.3043202,2.30910291 C51.7100804,1.8969657 52.3703242,1.8969657 52.7760845,2.30910291 L67.5709574,17.33617 C67.784884,17.5541054 68.1344248,17.5541054 68.3489882,17.33617 C68.5635515,17.1182993 68.5635515,16.7637824 68.3489882,16.5459116 L55.8161347,3.81641407 C55.4103745,3.40427686 55.4103745,2.73365661 55.8161347,2.3215194 C56.2218949,1.9093822 56.8821387,1.9093822 57.287899,2.3215194 L59.7677288,4.84051651 L59.7448081,5.52187185 L56.9410322,2.67383754 C56.7266599,2.45590213 56.3775648,2.45590213 56.1630014,2.67383754 C55.9484381,2.89164362 55.9484381,3.24622518 56.1630014,3.46409593 L68.6953456,16.1935935 C69.1015515,16.6057307 69.1015515,17.276351 68.6953456,17.6884882 C68.2897763,18.1006254 67.6295325,18.1006254 67.2239633,17.6884882 L52.4292177,2.66142105 C52.2148454,2.44348563 51.8655592,2.44348563 51.6511869,2.66142105 C51.4366236,2.87922712 51.4366236,3.23380869 51.6511869,3.45167943 L64.1983022,16.1960509 C64.3948473,16.3956203 64.5034023,16.6611523 64.5034023,16.9434983 C64.5034023,17.2257796 64.3948473,17.4913116 64.1981748,17.6909456 C63.9953902,17.8969172 63.728937,18 63.46242,18" class="squiggle"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038086" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.thegreenespace.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="greene-space-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit The Greene Space (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 75 59" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-greene-space-logo"> <style> .bump { fill: #BBB; } </style> <g class="bars"> <polygon points="0 30.1824362 16.5186877 30.1824362 16.5186877 25.114517 0 25.114517"></polygon> <polygon points="19.423505 30.1824362 35.9414452 30.1824362 35.9414452 3.72700287 19.423505 3.72700287"></polygon> <polygon points="19.4230066 30.1824362 35.9414452 30.1824362 35.9414452 25.114517 19.4230066 25.114517" class="bump"></polygon> <polygon points="38.8462625 30.1824362 55.364701 30.1824362 55.364701 6.39550675 38.8462625 6.39550675"></polygon> <polygon points="58.2700166 30.1836936 74.786711 30.1836936 74.786711 0.196158046 58.2700166 0.196158046"></polygon> </g> <g class="the"> <polyline points="22.3517442 34.2916957 22.3517442 39.6895628 20.9815615 39.6895628 20.9815615 34.2916957 19.3280731 34.2916957 19.3280731 33.0141536 23.9957641 33.0141536 23.9957641 34.2916957 22.3517442 34.2916957"></polyline> <polyline points="28.7576412 39.6895628 28.7576412 36.9712649 26.5746678 36.9712649 26.5746678 39.6895628 25.2144518 39.6895628 25.2144518 33.0141536 26.5746678 33.0141536 26.5746678 35.6937228 28.7576412 35.6937228 28.7576412 33.0141536 30.1183555 33.0141536 30.1183555 39.6895628 28.7576412 39.6895628"></polyline> <polyline points="31.7237542 39.6895628 31.7237542 33.0141536 35.9753322 33.0141536 35.9753322 34.253973 33.0745017 34.253973 33.0745017 35.7130871 35.6257475 35.7130871 35.6257475 36.9521521 33.0745017 36.9521521 33.0745017 38.4494919 36.013206 38.4494919 36.013206 39.6895628 31.7237542 39.6895628"></polyline> </g> <g class="greene"> <path d="M22.5500831,49.1715409 C20.7642857,49.1715409 19.4795681,47.8650781 19.4795681,45.7863057 L19.4795681,45.7005495 C19.4795681,43.7263948 20.7834718,42.3050034 22.5690199,42.3050034 C23.504402,42.3050034 24.0996678,42.5529673 24.657309,43.0016159 L24.014701,44.1456197 C23.5706811,43.7927867 23.1737542,43.5931079 22.5500831,43.5931079 C21.6052326,43.5931079 20.8968439,44.4511736 20.8968439,45.6718802 L20.8968439,45.7863057 C20.8968439,47.16922 21.633887,47.9131116 22.5974252,47.9131116 C22.9756645,47.9131116 23.3060631,47.817296 23.5898671,47.6364785 L23.5898671,46.4537461 L22.3893688,46.4537461 L22.3893688,45.2519008 L24.8840532,45.2519008 L24.8840532,48.341893 C24.2887874,48.8091515 23.5233389,49.1715409 22.5500831,49.1715409"></path> <path d="M29.7777409,49.0762283 L28.5682724,46.8830304 L27.6989203,46.8830304 L27.6989203,49.0762283 L26.3387043,49.0762283 L26.3387043,42.4008191 L28.804485,42.4008191 C30.2501661,42.4008191 31.1668605,43.1633206 31.1668605,44.5844605 L31.1668605,44.6133812 C31.1668605,45.6336545 30.6565615,46.2726771 29.9387043,46.5965894 L31.336794,49.0762283 L29.7777409,49.0762283 Z M29.7872093,44.6415475 C29.7872093,43.9454379 29.3623754,43.649692 28.7195183,43.649692 L27.6989203,43.649692 L27.6989203,45.6620723 L28.7481728,45.6620723 C29.3902824,45.6620723 29.7872093,45.3094908 29.7872093,44.6800247 L29.7872093,44.6415475 Z"></path> <polyline points="32.5265781 49.0762283 32.5265781 42.4008191 36.7781561 42.4008191 36.7781561 43.6406385 33.8773256 43.6406385 33.8773256 45.1000041 36.4285714 45.1000041 36.4285714 46.3390691 33.8773256 46.3390691 33.8773256 47.8366603 36.8160299 47.8366603 36.8160299 49.0762283 32.5265781 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="38.1762458 49.0762283 38.1762458 42.4008191 42.4280731 42.4008191 42.4280731 43.6406385 39.5272425 43.6406385 39.5272425 45.1000041 42.0784884 45.1000041 42.0784884 46.3390691 39.5272425 46.3390691 39.5272425 47.8366603 42.4656977 47.8366603 42.4656977 49.0762283 38.1762458 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="47.7655316 49.0762283 45.1579734 45.0421626 45.1579734 49.0762283 43.8254153 49.0762283 43.8254153 42.4008191 45.0819767 42.4008191 47.5950997 46.2915385 47.5950997 42.4008191 48.9465947 42.4008191 48.9465947 49.0762283 47.7655316 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="50.5432724 49.0762283 50.5432724 42.4008191 54.7950997 42.4008191 54.7950997 43.6406385 51.8942691 43.6406385 51.8942691 45.1000041 54.4452658 45.1000041 54.4452658 46.3390691 51.8942691 46.3390691 51.8942691 47.8366603 54.8327243 47.8366603 54.8327243 49.0762283 50.5432724 49.0762283"></polyline> </g> <g class="space"> <path d="M21.9274086,58.3253316 C21.0864618,58.3253316 20.2644518,58.0492014 19.6034053,57.4956837 L20.2081395,56.4082639 C20.7463455,56.8282433 21.285299,57.0860151 21.8995017,57.0860151 C22.4187708,57.0860151 22.7499169,56.8757739 22.7499169,56.4756618 L22.7499169,56.456549 C22.7499169,56.103716 22.5700166,55.9030312 21.6346346,55.5119726 C20.4627907,54.9974349 19.7636213,54.6159327 19.7636213,53.4425052 L19.7636213,53.4236438 C19.7636213,52.2600242 20.642691,51.4970197 21.8708472,51.4970197 C22.6739203,51.4970197 23.3357143,51.7256193 23.8928571,52.1455987 L23.3636213,53.2808005 C22.844103,52.9375239 22.3813953,52.7368392 21.8900332,52.7368392 C21.4081395,52.7368392 21.1243355,52.9752466 21.1243355,53.3087153 L21.1243355,53.3278282 C21.1243355,53.7382511 21.3510797,53.8622331 22.3148671,54.2724046 C23.5243355,54.8352273 24.1101329,55.3022343 24.1101329,56.3421235 L24.1101329,56.3607333 C24.1101329,57.6005528 23.1936877,58.3253316 21.9274086,58.3253316"></path> <path d="M27.539701,56.2181415 L26.7647841,56.2181415 L26.7647841,58.2491318 L25.4043189,58.2491318 L25.4043189,51.5737226 L27.5960133,51.5737226 C29.0795681,51.5737226 30.0149502,52.4413447 30.0149502,53.8622331 L30.0149502,53.8815974 C30.0149502,55.4164084 28.9283223,56.1892208 27.539701,56.2181415 M28.6357973,53.8911538 C28.6357973,53.1759314 28.2196844,52.8225955 27.5586379,52.8225955 L26.7647841,52.8225955 L26.7647841,54.9783221 L27.5681063,54.9783221 C28.229402,54.9783221 28.6357973,54.5580912 28.6357973,53.9102667 L28.6357973,53.8911538"></path> <path d="M34.7563953,58.2491318 L34.2655316,56.7995741 L31.9973422,56.7995741 L31.5057309,58.2491318 L30.1362957,58.2491318 L32.4979236,51.5352454 L33.8020764,51.5352454 L36.164701,58.2491318 L34.7563953,58.2491318 Z M33.1315615,53.4047825 L32.4037375,55.5788675 L33.8496678,55.5788675 L33.1315615,53.4047825 Z"></path> <path d="M39.6318937,58.3444444 C37.9597176,58.3444444 36.7034053,56.9997559 36.7034053,54.9592092 L36.7034053,54.873453 C36.7034053,52.8417083 37.9597176,51.4779069 39.6986711,51.4779069 C40.6714286,51.4779069 41.2480066,51.7834608 41.7488372,52.2409114 L41.1059801,53.3567489 C40.6811462,52.9943595 40.255814,52.7657599 39.7268272,52.7657599 C38.7909468,52.7657599 38.1206811,53.5569307 38.1206811,54.8543401 L38.1206811,54.9494013 C38.1206811,56.2749771 38.7817276,57.0573459 39.7360465,57.0573459 C40.3126246,57.0573459 40.7090532,56.8282433 41.144103,56.4469926 L41.7959302,57.4481531 C41.238289,58.0107243 40.6243355,58.3444444 39.6318937,58.3444444"></path> <polyline points="43.0609635 58.2491318 43.0609635 51.5737226 47.3125415 51.5737226 47.3125415 52.813542 44.4119601 52.813542 44.4119601 54.2726561 46.9629568 54.2726561 46.9629568 55.5119726 44.4119601 55.5119726 44.4119601 57.0093123 47.3504153 57.0093123 47.3504153 58.2491318 43.0609635 58.2491318"></polyline> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <svg viewbox="0 0 16 76" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="nypr-brand-header__square-bracket-close"> <path d="M2,76 L0,76 L0,0 L2,0 L16,-4.4408921e-16 L16,2 L2,2 L2,74 L16,74 L16,76 L2,76 Z" transform="rotate(-180 8 38)"></path> </svg> </div> </div> <div id="ember65038089" class="nypr-brand-header__right ember-view"> <a class="nypr-brand-header-button mod-network">NYPR Network <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11" height="20" viewbox="0 0 11 20" class="nypr-brand-header-caret"> <path fill="#FFF" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9.748.128s.522-.369 1.027.145c.506.513 0 .962 0 .962l-8.674 8.811 8.263 8.394s.43.526-.031.994c-.462.47-1.106 0-1.106 0L0 10.031 9.748.128z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </header> <div class="nypr-brand-header-overlay-bg "></div> <div aria-hidden="true" style id="ember65038095" class="nypr-brand-header-menu ember-burger-menu translucent-overlay bm--slide right ember-view"><div id="ember65038096" class="bm-menu-container ember-view"><div id="ember65038097" class="ember-view"> <div style="width: 200px" class="bm-menu"> <a role="button" class="nypr-brand-header-button nypr-brand-header-close"><span aria-label="close navigation">NYPR Network</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17" height="17" viewbox="0 0 17 17" class="nypr-brand-header-close-icon"> <path fill="#048d99" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.511.431a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.08 2.08L6.42 8.5.43 14.489a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.081 2.08L8.5 10.58l5.989 5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.08-2.08L10.58 8.5l5.99-5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.081-2.08L8.5 6.42 2.511.43z"></path> </svg> </a> <ul class="nypr-brand-header-menu-items"> <div id="ember65038100" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wnyc.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wnyc-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WNYC (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="1 8 22 9" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wnyc-logo"> <path d="M12.4221677,16.7347163 L17.2790702,16.7347163 L17.2790702,9.80577122 L12.4221677,9.80577122 L12.4221677,16.7347163 L12.4221677,16.7347163 Z M15.5075683,11.3350879 L16.4711721,11.3350879 L15.2899803,13.2267375 L15.2899803,14.4433122 L14.4238854,14.4433122 L14.4238854,13.2399065 L13.2427508,11.3350879 L14.2242965,11.3350879 L14.8634611,12.4273428 L15.5075683,11.3350879 Z M18.1332972,16.7350962 L22.9899998,16.7350962 L22.9899998,8 L18.1332972,8 L18.1332972,16.7350962 Z M20.6750136,14.5054235 C19.7870057,14.5054235 19.0720167,13.8264921 19.0720167,12.8980641 L19.0720167,12.8894657 C19.0720167,11.9836049 19.7690352,11.2732222 20.7104117,11.2732222 C21.3453194,11.2732222 21.7539539,11.5394015 22.029253,11.921445 L21.3810603,12.4231235 C21.2033558,12.2011361 20.9992814,12.0591909 20.7016693,12.0591909 C20.266322,12.0591909 19.9600818,12.4273513 19.9600818,12.8804388 L19.9600818,12.8894657 C19.9600818,13.3555222 20.266322,13.7195977 20.7016693,13.7195977 C21.0257942,13.7195977 21.2168122,13.5685114 21.4029448,13.3423247 L22.0516232,13.8039535 C21.7584965,14.2079929 21.3632327,14.5054235 20.6750136,14.5054235 Z M6.71102956,16.7347563 L11.568075,16.7347563 L11.568075,9.02846949 L6.71102956,9.02846949 L6.71102956,16.7347563 Z M10.6523542,14.4433236 L9.89725318,14.4433236 L8.5697838,12.7383537 L8.5697838,14.4433236 L7.71705958,14.4433236 L7.71705958,11.3350708 L8.52078652,11.3350708 L9.79965858,12.9778522 L9.79965858,11.3350708 L10.6523542,11.3350708 L10.6523542,14.4433236 Z M2.05425307,14.4587807 L2.80484008,14.4587807 L3.42634854,12.6695407 L4.052771,14.4587807 L4.8031009,14.4587807 L5.8420148,11.3285606 L4.94974992,11.3285606 L4.40775135,13.1270274 L3.80844166,11.3197908 L3.06688272,11.3197908 L2.46740162,13.1270274 L1.92568875,11.3285606 L1.01505345,11.3285606 L2.05425307,14.4587807 Z M1,15.258504 L5.85704539,15.258504 L5.85704539,16.7347734 L1,16.7347734 L1,15.258504 Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038102" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.gothamist.com?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="gothamist-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit Gothamist (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 57 60" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-gothamist-logo"> <g class="gothamist-letters"> <path d="M2.00804183,52.4172958 C2.00804183,52.9306795 2.24499535,53.2618394 2.81460147,53.2618394 C3.38355212,53.2618394 3.62083338,52.9306795 3.62083338,52.4172958 C3.62083338,51.9042553 3.38355212,51.5730954 2.81460147,51.5730954 C2.24499535,51.5730954 2.00804183,51.9042553 2.00804183,52.4172958 Z M2.84606418,57.2350721 C2.08702634,57.2350721 1.70750741,57.4172958 1.70750741,57.8641043 C1.70750741,58.311256 2.08702634,58.4931366 2.84606418,58.4931366 C3.60510203,58.4931366 3.98429321,58.311256 3.98429321,57.8641043 C3.98429321,57.4172958 3.60510203,57.2350721 2.84606418,57.2350721 Z M6.08737864,51.8380233 L5.24935629,51.8380233 C5.28114673,52.0199039 5.29687809,52.285175 5.29687809,52.4172958 C5.29687809,54.0229925 4.44279664,54.8345916 2.81460147,54.8345916 C2.70382652,54.8345916 2.59305157,54.8345916 2.46654526,54.8345916 C2.19780129,54.8345916 2.03950454,55.066232 2.03950454,55.2978723 C2.03950454,55.5133837 2.16633858,55.7282086 2.40329211,55.7282086 C2.54552977,55.7282086 2.71988561,55.7282086 2.84606418,55.7282086 C4.7275997,55.7282086 5.69212836,56.4732327 5.69212836,57.8641043 C5.69212836,59.254976 4.7275997,60 2.84606418,60 C0.96452866,60 0,59.254976 0,57.8641043 C0,57.0857927 0.316265769,56.55628 0.743306491,56.2580645 C0.601068829,56.0428964 0.458831167,55.7282086 0.458831167,55.2978723 C0.458831167,54.801304 0.632531537,54.4042553 0.901275507,54.1557996 C0.680053337,53.9073439 0.331997123,53.4433768 0.331997123,52.4172958 C0.331997123,50.811256 1.20180992,50 2.81460147,50 C3.06761409,50 6.08737864,50 6.08737864,50 L6.08737864,51.8380233 Z" class="G"></path> <path d="M9.15577636,53.3336623 C9.15577636,54.3969601 9.47716079,54.9207133 10.2380393,54.9207133 C10.9978664,54.9207133 11.3196013,54.3969601 11.3196013,53.3336623 C11.3196013,52.2700355 10.9978664,51.7462824 10.2380393,51.7462824 C9.47716079,51.7462824 9.15577636,52.2700355 9.15577636,53.3336623 Z M10.2380393,56.6666667 C8.25961497,56.6666667 7.19417476,55.5553362 7.19417476,53.3336623 C7.19417476,51.1113304 8.25961497,50 10.2380393,50 C12.2161132,50 13.2815534,51.1113304 13.2815534,53.3336623 C13.2815534,55.5553362 12.2161132,56.6666667 10.2380393,56.6666667 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M16.6367598,51.8342923 L16.6367598,53.2727821 C16.6367598,54.6784419 16.6213564,55.0663719 17.503841,55.0663719 C17.7204508,55.0663719 18.0147193,54.9692219 18.2621359,54.8080869 L18.2621359,56.2787367 C17.8138338,56.5209417 17.3180379,56.6666667 16.8999006,56.6666667 C15.073318,56.6666667 14.8409839,55.7454168 14.8409839,53.757192 L14.8409839,51.8342923 L13.8349515,51.8342923 L13.8349515,50.0400325 L14.8409839,50.0400325 L14.8409839,48.5533027 L16.6367598,47.7777778 L16.6367598,50.0400325 L18.2621359,50.0400325 L18.2621359,51.8342923 L16.6367598,51.8342923" class="T"></path> <path d="M21.2797087,56.6666667 L19.368932,56.6666667 L19.368932,46.9056927 L21.2797087,46.1111111 L21.2797087,50.4293553 C21.8068195,50.1481481 22.5479837,49.883059 22.9931602,49.883059 C24.4584189,49.883059 24.9029126,50.8593964 24.9029126,52.1995885 C24.9029126,52.7788066 24.9029126,56.6666667 24.9029126,56.6666667 L22.9931602,56.6666667 C22.9931602,56.6666667 22.9931602,53.2914952 22.9931602,52.6464335 C22.9931602,51.968107 22.7128765,51.7695473 22.2680414,51.7695473 C22.0041446,51.7695473 21.6419267,51.9183813 21.2797087,52.1498628 L21.2797087,56.6666667" class="H"></path> <path d="M29.897271,52.2065403 C29.6804307,51.9051849 29.3297512,51.7301619 28.9462172,51.7301619 C28.1954034,51.7301619 27.9453627,52.3016186 27.9453627,53.3336623 C27.9453627,54.365048 28.1954034,54.9365048 28.9462172,54.9365048 C29.3297512,54.9365048 29.6804307,54.7618108 29.897271,54.4604553 L29.897271,52.2065403 Z M31.8325791,50 L31.8325791,54.7776023 C31.8325791,55.3809712 31.9826727,55.5076326 32.2998059,55.5076326 C32.4166991,55.5076326 32.5339381,55.4760495 32.6504854,55.4125543 L32.6504854,56.3172786 C32.2334051,56.5393473 31.7993787,56.6666667 31.3487521,56.6666667 C30.8483249,56.6666667 30.4478447,56.4758521 30.197804,56.1583761 C29.7807237,56.4758521 29.2630046,56.6666667 28.6792304,56.6666667 C26.9109619,56.6666667 26.0097087,55.4760495 26.0097087,53.3336623 C26.0097087,51.1906172 26.9109619,50 28.6792304,50 C29.3134969,50 29.8640706,50.2223977 30.2974053,50.6033689 L31.8325791,50 Z" class="A"></path> <path d="M35.5878393,56.6666667 L33.7572816,56.6666667 L33.7572816,50.7530238 L35.5878393,50 L35.5878393,50.7686305 C36.0451516,50.4864092 36.7242506,50.2350761 37.1190832,50.2350761 C37.8292584,50.2350761 38.270869,50.502341 38.5234049,50.9572116 C39.0755817,50.5647679 39.8642655,50.2350761 40.3539626,50.2350761 C41.6640741,50.2350761 42.0582524,51.1607491 42.0582524,52.4313955 C42.0582524,52.9805566 42.0582524,56.6666667 42.0582524,56.6666667 L40.2280218,56.6666667 C40.2280218,56.6666667 40.2280218,53.4666407 40.2280218,52.8550527 C40.2280218,52.2119261 39.9908606,52.0236702 39.6437873,52.0236702 C39.4383566,52.0236702 39.1233411,52.1647809 38.823373,52.3998569 L38.823373,56.6666667 L36.9928152,56.6666667 C36.9928152,56.6666667 36.9928152,53.4666407 36.9928152,52.8550527 C36.9928152,52.2119261 36.7553269,52.0236702 36.4089079,52.0236702 C36.2034772,52.0236702 35.8878074,52.1647809 35.5878393,52.3998569 L35.5878393,56.6666667" class="M"></path> <path d="M45.3786408,49.6669776 L45.3786408,56.6666667 L44.2718447,56.6666667 L44.2718447,50.1336926 L45.3786408,49.6669776 Z M44.2718447,47.9334646 L45.3786408,47.9334646 L45.3786408,46.6666667 L44.2718447,46.6666667 L44.2718447,47.9334646 Z" class="I"></path> <path d="M47.6080339,54.825306 C48.0588416,55.2701013 48.6660454,55.809646 49.5212258,55.809646 C50.096828,55.809646 50.5947158,55.5872483 50.5947158,54.8568891 C50.5947158,54.190683 49.9878344,53.9363732 49.4593123,53.7462166 C48.6192878,53.4287406 47.592233,53.0003948 47.592233,51.7146993 C47.592233,50.6356099 48.4322574,50 49.5367042,50 C50.1745423,50 50.6879085,50.1589025 51.0768027,50.3813002 L51.0768027,51.3814318 C50.6575967,51.0639558 50.143908,50.8576786 49.5367042,50.8576786 C48.9923812,50.8576786 48.4635367,51.0952099 48.4635367,51.7146993 C48.4635367,52.2700355 48.9456236,52.5078958 49.4593123,52.6987104 C50.2990143,53.0158573 51.4660194,53.5080274 51.4660194,54.8568891 C51.4660194,55.9682195 50.7504669,56.6666667 49.5212258,56.6666667 C48.5567294,56.6666667 47.9501705,56.2222003 47.6080339,55.9359784 L47.6080339,54.825306" class="S"></path> <path d="M54.7089195,50.8966274 L54.7089195,53.967237 C54.7089195,55.3896468 54.9670946,55.7129218 55.9148077,55.7129218 C56.1901231,55.7129218 56.621129,55.5832768 57,55.4221418 L57,56.3433917 C56.5347136,56.5209417 56.0180063,56.6666667 55.6737729,56.6666667 C53.9683178,56.6666667 53.675148,55.6161068 53.675148,53.967237 L53.675148,50.8966274 L52.5728155,50.8966274 L52.5728155,50.0400325 L53.675148,50.0400325 L53.675148,48.2296927 L54.7089195,47.7777778 L54.7089195,50.0400325 L57,50.0400325 L57,50.8966274 L54.7089195,50.8966274" class="T"></path> </g> <g class="gothamist-buildings"> <g class="building"> <polygon points="0.020113891 43.3333333 9.00498898 43.3333333 9.00498898 18.54086109 0.020113891 18.54086109"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="13.2815534 26.6666667 18.815534 26.6666667 18.815534 22.7777778 13.2815534 22.7777778"></polygon> <polygon points="11.0679612 39.4444444 20.4757282 39.4444444 20.4757282 25.5555556 11.0679612 25.5555556"></polygon> <polygon points="10.5145631 42.7777778 21.0291262 42.7777778 21.0291262 38.8888889 10.5145631 38.8888889"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="22.5309102 43.3333333 34.680706 43.3333333 34.680706 13.659962213 22.5309102 13.659962213"></polygon> <polygon points="23.7961165 15 33.7572816 15 33.7572816 11.1111111 23.7961165 11.1111111"></polygon> <polygon points="26.5631068 12.7777778 29.8834951 12.7777778 29.8834951 10 26.5631068 10"></polygon> <polygon points="28.223301 17.7777778 28.776699 17.7777778 28.776699 2.22222222 28.223301 2.22222222"></polygon> </g> <g class="building"> <polyline points="36.5242718 0 48.6990291 6.58096369 48.6990291 42.7777778 36.5242718 42.7777778 36.5242718 0"></polyline> </g> <g class="building"> <polygon points="49.8058252 43.3333333 57 43.3333333 57 23.3333333 49.8058252 23.3333333"></polygon> <polygon points="51.4660194 23.3333333 55.8932039 23.3333333 55.8932039 21.6666667 51.4660194 21.6666667"></polygon> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038104" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wnycstudios.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wnyc-studios-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WNYC Studios (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 73 39" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wnyc-studios-logo"> <g transform="translate(0.000000, 32.000000)" class="letters"> <polygon points="0.00774693878 0.171879145 1.88637959 0.171879145 3.00432245 3.81320314 4.24174694 0.153463522 5.77236327 0.153463522 7.0094898 3.81320314 8.12743265 0.171879145 9.96971429 0.171879145 7.82530204 6.5106534 6.27621224 6.5106534 4.98396327 2.8871604 3.70095102 6.5106534 2.15186122 6.5106534" class="W"></polygon> <polygon points="10.7250408 0.171879145 12.3837796 0.171879145 15.023102 3.498676 15.023102 0.171879145 16.782849 0.171879145 16.782849 6.46563744 15.2248204 6.46563744 12.4844898 3.01314665 12.4844898 6.46592975 10.7250408 6.46592975 10.7250408 0.171879145" class="N"></polygon> <polygon points="19.8965224 4.02892901 17.4586204 0.171879145 19.4841469 0.171879145 20.8038082 2.38350774 22.1327061 0.171879145 24.1215837 0.171879145 21.6836816 4.00232867 21.6836816 6.46592975 19.8965224 6.46592975 19.8965224 4.02892901" class="Y"></polygon> <path d="M24.024151,3.33673545 L24.024151,3.31861213 C24.024151,1.48464996 25.4629959,0.0461852125 27.4059878,0.0461852125 C28.7164122,0.0461852125 29.5599347,0.585499877 30.1278449,1.35866372 L28.7897102,2.3750307 C28.4232204,1.92516335 28.0016082,1.63752886 27.3875143,1.63752886 C26.4894653,1.63752886 25.856898,2.38409236 25.856898,3.30107345 L25.856898,3.31890445 C25.856898,4.2630705 26.4894653,5.00028003 27.3875143,5.00028003 C28.0564327,5.00028003 28.4506327,4.69481454 28.8355959,4.23617784 L30.1737306,5.17128224 C29.5688735,5.98946205 28.7530612,6.59191599 27.3323918,6.59191599 C25.4999429,6.59162368 24.024151,5.2160059 24.024151,3.33673545 Z" id="Shape" class="C"></path> <path d="M34.0308122,2.97690002 C35.4607184,3.28295014 36.1204,3.79537214 36.1204,4.76643085 C36.1204,5.85441415 35.2038776,6.55566937 33.9298041,6.55566937 C32.9125714,6.55566937 32.0785837,6.2227266 31.3086571,5.54865635 L31.7576816,5.02717268 C32.426898,5.62027266 33.0681061,5.91755343 33.9572163,5.91755343 C34.8189143,5.91755343 35.3871224,5.47674773 35.3871224,4.83863179 C35.3871224,4.2452395 35.0662204,3.91258904 33.718849,3.6337239 C32.2433551,3.31890445 31.564902,2.8514984 31.564902,1.80853107 C31.564902,0.801810366 32.4540122,0.0824318349 33.6729633,0.0824318349 C34.6076612,0.0824318349 35.2765796,0.343173667 35.9273224,0.855887988 L35.5057102,1.403972 C34.9097918,0.92779661 34.3141714,0.720840088 33.6544898,0.720840088 C32.820502,0.720840088 32.2889429,1.17041513 32.2889429,1.74597642 C32.2895388,2.34755343 32.6196776,2.68020388 34.0308122,2.97690002 Z" class="S"></path> <polygon points="40.0582286 6.46563744 39.325249 6.46563744 39.325249 0.828118398 37.171302 0.828118398 37.171302 0.171879145 42.2121755 0.171879145 42.2121755 0.828118398 40.0582286 0.828118398 40.0582286 6.46563744" class="T"></polygon> <path d="M48.8253796,3.77724883 C48.8253796,5.611211 47.7530245,6.56443871 46.1491102,6.56443871 C44.5636694,6.56443871 43.4820776,5.611211 43.4820776,3.83103414 L43.4820776,0.171586834 L44.2061184,0.171586834 L44.2061184,3.78572587 C44.2061184,5.14351265 44.9393959,5.90761484 46.1675837,5.90761484 C47.3498857,5.90761484 48.1013388,5.20665193 48.1013388,3.83103414 L48.1013388,0.171586834 L48.8253796,0.171586834 L48.8253796,3.77724883 Z" class="U"></path> <path d="M52.9187429,6.46563744 L50.691498,6.46563744 L50.691498,0.171879145 L52.9187429,0.171879145 C54.9350327,0.171879145 56.3279918,1.52966593 56.3279918,3.30955048 C56.3279918,5.08943503 54.9350327,6.46563744 52.9187429,6.46563744 Z M52.9187429,0.828118398 L51.4158367,0.828118398 L51.4158367,5.80910587 L52.9187429,5.80910587 C54.5408327,5.80910587 55.5765388,4.73047654 55.5765388,3.3279661 C55.5765388,1.92487104 54.5408327,0.828118398 52.9187429,0.828118398 Z" class="D"></path> <polygon points="58.6756122 0.171879145 58.6756122 6.46563744 57.9515714 6.46563744 57.9515714 0.171879145" class="I"></polygon> <path d="M63.5627388,6.57320806 C61.6105102,6.57320806 60.3000857,5.07189634 60.3000857,3.32767379 C60.3000857,1.58315893 61.6289837,0.0637239008 63.5812122,0.0637239008 C65.5334408,0.0637239008 66.8438653,1.56532793 66.8438653,3.30955048 C66.8435673,5.05406534 65.5149673,6.57320806 63.5627388,6.57320806 Z M63.5627388,0.720255465 C62.0964816,0.720255465 61.0515388,1.87108573 61.0515388,3.30955048 C61.0515388,4.74801523 62.1146571,5.91726112 63.5812122,5.91726112 C65.0477673,5.91726112 66.0924122,4.76613854 66.0924122,3.3279661 C66.0924122,1.88920904 65.0292939,0.720255465 63.5627388,0.720255465 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M70.6202,2.97690002 C72.0498082,3.28295014 72.7097878,3.79537214 72.7097878,4.76643085 C72.7097878,5.85441415 71.7932653,6.55566937 70.5191918,6.55566937 C69.5019592,6.55566937 68.6679714,6.2227266 67.8980449,5.54865635 L68.3470694,5.02717268 C69.0162857,5.62027266 69.6577918,5.91755343 70.5466041,5.91755343 C71.408302,5.91755343 71.9762122,5.47674773 71.9762122,4.83863179 C71.9762122,4.2452395 71.6553102,3.91258904 70.3079388,3.6337239 C68.8324449,3.31890445 68.1542898,2.8514984 68.1542898,1.80853107 C68.1542898,0.801810366 69.0434,0.0824318349 70.262351,0.0824318349 C71.1973469,0.0824318349 71.8662653,0.343173667 72.5170082,0.855887988 L72.0953959,1.403972 C71.4994776,0.92779661 70.9038571,0.720840088 70.2441755,0.720840088 C69.4101878,0.720840088 68.8786286,1.17041513 68.8786286,1.74597642 C68.8786286,2.34755343 69.2087673,2.68020388 70.6202,2.97690002 Z" class="S"></path> </g> <polygon points="0 0 0 29 2.59436066 29 2.59436066 24.6771956 17.3514098 24.6771956 17.3514098 29 19.9460656 29 19.9460656 5.83588876 34.7025246 5.83588876 34.7025246 29 37.2977705 29 37.2977705 8.18686705 52.0542295 8.18686705 52.0542295 29 54.6494754 29 54.6494754 2.72572511 69.4050492 2.72572511 69.4050492 29 72 29 72 0" class="bars-on-background"></polygon> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038106" class="ember-view"><a href="http://www.njpublicradio.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="njpr-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit NJPR (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71 19" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="logo-link__logo-njpr-logo"> <title>NJPR</title> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <g transform="translate(-438 -22)" fill-rule="nonzero"> <g transform="translate(438 22)"> <path d="m68.297 17.966l-3.5751-5.1353-0.022642-0.032389c-0.039623-0.052493-0.13925-0.15078-0.31472-0.11615l-0.0011321-0.0011169c-0.18226 0.023454-0.36453 0.043558-0.54227 0.058077-0.056604 0.015636-0.22302 0.07818-0.092831 0.27475l3.5502 5.0828c0.067925 0.079297 0.13585 0.12174 0.23321 0.12174h0.66c0.20038-0.0011168 0.17887-0.13737 0.10528-0.25241z"></path> <path d="m30.301 0.30653v-0.0055843c-0.0022641-0.15301-0.12679-0.27698-0.28302-0.27922h-0.35774c-0.15283 0.0022337-0.27623 0.12285-0.28189 0.27251v10.873c0 2.3499-1.9381 4.2608-4.3189 4.2608-0.90906 0-1.8521-0.32277-2.5834-0.84435-0.16415-0.10722-0.23321-0.10834-0.34076 0.0044674l-0.32151 0.30155c-0.13472 0.13514-0.096227 0.24236-0.0045284 0.34176 0.91246 0.69134 2.0943 1.1068 3.2502 1.1068 2.8902 0 5.2415-2.3186 5.2415-5.17v-10.861z"></path> <path d="m44.699 0.021733l-9.0487 0.0011169c-0.1517 0-0.2751 0.11615-0.28755 0.26358v17.669c0.012453 0.14743 0.13585 0.26246 0.28755 0.26246h0.34528c0.16076 0 0.28868-0.12732 0.28868-0.2848l0.0011321-16.795c0.0033962-0.11392 0.096227-0.20662 0.21283-0.20662h8.1997c3.334 0 6.0476 2.676 6.0476 5.9652 0 3.2892-2.7125 5.9652-6.0476 5.9652h-4.44c-0.15623 0.0022338-0.28076 0.12286-0.28528 0.27698v0.0078181 0.11727 4.6696 0.0033506c0.0033962 0.15636 0.13019 0.28145 0.28868 0.28145h0.34755c0.1551 0 0.28076-0.12062 0.28642-0.27363v-3.871h0.0011321v-0.088232h-0.0011321v-0.0022337c0.0022641-0.11615 0.097359-0.21109 0.21623-0.21109h0.10189 3.4845c3.8445 0 6.9691-3.0837 6.9691-6.8743 0.0022642-3.7918-3.1234-6.8754-6.968-6.8754z"></path> <path d="m63.348 4.5618h-4.4253c-0.1483 0.0044674-0.2683 0.12174-0.27736 0.26805v4.0509c0.0090566 0.14743 0.13019 0.26581 0.28189 0.26805h4.4208c1.3676 0 2.3242-0.94263 2.3242-2.294 0-1.3514-0.95661-2.2929-2.3242-2.2929zm0 3.6789h-3.5649c-0.1166-0.0011169-0.2117-0.0927-0.21396-0.20774v-2.3532c0.0033963-0.11392 0.097359-0.20439 0.21283-0.20662h3.5661c1.0347 0 1.4015 0.74606 1.4015 1.3838 0 0.63885-0.36679 1.3838-1.4015 1.3838z"></path> <path d="m44.678 4.5618h-4.4242c-0.1517 0.0044674-0.27396 0.12621-0.27849 0.27587v0.0089349 0.11615 3.9146c0.0079245 0.14966 0.12906 0.26916 0.28189 0.2714h4.4208c1.346 0 2.3242-0.96385 2.3242-2.294s-0.97812-2.2929-2.3242-2.2929zm0 3.6789h-3.5649c-0.11774-0.0011169-0.21283-0.0927-0.2151-0.20885v-2.2583h0.0011321v-0.088232h-0.0011321v-0.0011169c0.0022642-0.11615 0.097359-0.20885 0.21396-0.21109h3.5661c0.82415 0 1.4015 0.5696 1.4015 1.3838 0 0.81419-0.57849 1.3838-1.4015 1.3838z"></path> <path d="m65.764 17.981l-3.5966-5.0672c-0.052076-0.072596-0.13698-0.12286-0.23434-0.12397h-3.0034c-0.1517 0.0022337-0.2717 0.11839-0.28415 0.26581v4.893c0.0090566 0.14966 0.13359 0.26916 0.28868 0.26916h0.34642c0.15962 0 0.28868-0.12732 0.28868-0.2848h-0.0011321l0.0011321-4.0263c0.0045283-0.11504 0.098491-0.20662 0.2151-0.20662h1.6925c0.069057 0 0.12679 0.033506 0.16642 0.081531l3.0849 4.2731c0.074717 0.11392 0.1483 0.16306 0.26151 0.16306h0.66c0.19019 0 0.19132-0.10945 0.11434-0.23678z"></path> <path d="m32.314 0.021733h-0.35774c-0.15623 0.0022337-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.2848v11.003c0 3.5204-2.9038 6.3829-6.4721 6.3829-1.8068 0-3.5445-0.75388-4.7729-2.074l-0.46528-0.48137c-0.072453-0.083765-0.071321-0.20885 0.0067925-0.28927h0.0011321l0.0022641-0.0022337 2.1193-2.0405c0.083774-0.072596 0.2117-0.071479 0.29208 0.0067011l0.0011321 0.0011169 0.46076 0.45233c0.56264 0.54615 1.3211 0.8611 2.117 0.8611 1.6653 0 3.0193-1.3358 3.0193-2.9787v-10.864c-0.011321-0.14519-0.13132-0.26023-0.28076-0.26246h-0.35774c-0.15736 0.0022337-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.2848l-0.0011321 10.841c0 1.1403-0.94076 2.0695-2.0966 2.0695-0.59547 0-1.1649-0.25129-1.5668-0.69246l-0.94642-0.95492c-0.11208-0.10275-0.28528-0.10275-0.39623 0.0011169l-3.3396 3.211-0.0079246 0.007818-0.0022641 0.0011169c-0.11094 0.1128-0.11094 0.29038 0.0011321 0.40207l1.046 1.0465c1.397 1.5033 3.3827 2.3633 5.4476 2.3633 4.0778 0 7.3936-3.2713 7.3936-7.2931v-11.02c-0.0056604-0.14854-0.12679-0.26581-0.27849-0.26805z"></path> <path d="m12.263 10.863c0.11774 0 0.21396-0.093816 0.21396-0.2122v-0.0067012-10.367c-0.013585-0.14184-0.13245-0.25353-0.27962-0.25576h-0.35774c-0.15623 0.0033506-0.28302 0.12844-0.28302 0.28368l-0.0022641 8.19-5.8144-8.2726c-0.13472-0.16306-0.2751-0.19992-0.40642-0.19992l-4.6642-0.0011169c-0.15623 0.0033506-0.28189 0.12956-0.28189 0.28368l-0.0011321 17.64c0.0067925 0.15189 0.13245 0.2714 0.28755 0.2714h0.34755c0.15849 0 0.28755-0.12509 0.28868-0.28145v-16.789-0.0022337c0-0.11615 0.095095-0.20997 0.21283-0.20997l3.394 0.0011169s0.20491-0.0089349 0.32717 0.17758l6.8627 9.6821c0.039623 0.041324 0.093963 0.068129 0.15623 0.068129z"></path> <path d="m17.09 0.30207c-0.0022642-0.15524-0.12679-0.2781-0.28302-0.28145h-0.35774c-0.15283 0.0033506-0.2751 0.12174-0.28189 0.2714l-0.0011321 16.804v0.0022337c-0.0011321 0.1128-0.090566 0.20215-0.20264 0.20885h-3.4834c-0.075849 0-0.13472-0.031272-0.19925-0.1061l-6.9046-9.7469c-0.039623-0.046908-0.097359-0.077064-0.16415-0.077064-0.11774 0-0.21396 0.094933-0.21396 0.21109v0.0044674 0.0033506l0.0011321 10.334c0 0.15859 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.14717 0 0.26717-0.10945 0.28528-0.25018v-8.2223l5.8178 8.276c0.12792 0.15413 0.29321 0.19657 0.37811 0.19657l4.6845 0.0022338c0.15962-0.0011169 0.28755-0.12732 0.28755-0.2848h-0.0011321l0.0033963-17.631z"></path> <path d="m14.791 0.30653c0-0.15859-0.12906-0.2848-0.28868-0.2848h-0.34642c-0.15283 0-0.27736 0.11839-0.28755 0.26693v14.405c0 0.1061-0.08717 0.19322-0.19585 0.19322-0.065661 0-0.12566-0.032389-0.16302-0.087115l-8.7283-11.768-0.072453-0.10052c-0.20717-0.30602-0.55359-0.48807-0.92491-0.48807h-0.0022642c-0.61585 0-1.1174 0.49365-1.1174 1.1023v14.386c0 0.15859 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.15283 0 0.27736-0.11727 0.28642-0.2647l0.0011321-14.406c0-0.1061 0.08717-0.1921 0.19472-0.1921 0.065661 0 0.12566 0.032389 0.16302 0.087115l8.7283 11.768 0.072453 0.10052c0.2083 0.30379 0.55246 0.48807 0.92491 0.48807h0.0022642c0.61585 0 1.1162-0.49477 1.1162-1.1023l0.0022641-14.389z"></path> <path d="m44.811 2.3214l-6.7189 0.0022337h-0.13698c-0.15962 0-0.28868 0.12732-0.28868 0.2848h0.0011321l0.001132 15.324c0 0.15748 0.12906 0.2848 0.28868 0.2848h0.34642c0.1483 0 0.26717-0.10945 0.28528-0.25018l0.0022641-14.524h-0.0011321c0-0.11727 0.097359-0.21332 0.2151-0.21332h6.0057c2.0321 0 3.6849 1.6317 3.6849 3.6376 0 2.0059-1.6528 3.6376-3.6849 3.6376h-4.4287-0.11887-0.0033962c-0.15849 0.0022338-0.28528 0.12956-0.28528 0.2848v0.34176c0 0.15301 0.1234 0.27698 0.27736 0.28368l4.5589-0.0011169c2.5393 0 4.6076-2.0394 4.6076-4.5468 0-2.5062-2.0683-4.5468-4.6076-4.5468z"></path> <path d="m63.484 2.3214l-6.8547 0.0033506c-0.16076 0-0.28868 0.12732-0.28868 0.2848h0.0011321l0.0011321 15.324h-0.0011321c0 0.15748 0.12906 0.2848 0.28981 0.2848h0.34528c0.1483 0 0.2683-0.10945 0.28642-0.25018v-14.524c0-0.11727 0.096227-0.21332 0.2151-0.21332h6.0057c2.0321 0 3.6861 1.6317 3.6861 3.6376 0 2.0059-1.654 3.6376-3.6861 3.6376h-4.5476-0.0033963c-0.15849 0.0022337-0.28528 0.12956-0.28528 0.2848v0.34176c0 0.15301 0.1234 0.27698 0.27736 0.28368l4.5589-0.0011169c2.5404 0 4.6076-2.0394 4.6076-4.5468s-2.0672-4.5479-4.6076-4.5479z"></path> <path d="m70.857 17.966l-3.634-5.1688c-0.096227-0.15859 0.066793-0.21667 0.066793-0.21667v-0.0067012c1.8385-1.2386 3.0498-3.3193 3.0498-5.677 0-3.7918-3.1257-6.8754-6.968-6.8754l-9.0498 0.0011169c-0.1517 0-0.27396 0.11615-0.28755 0.26135v17.655c0.0045283 0.15524 0.13132 0.2781 0.28981 0.2781h0.34415c0.15736 0 0.28528-0.12286 0.28755-0.2781v-16.804c0.0056604-0.11392 0.099623-0.20439 0.21396-0.20439h8.2008c3.334 0 6.0464 2.676 6.0464 5.9652 0 2.303-1.3313 4.3022-3.2728 5.295v0.0022337s-0.34528 0.12062-0.11887 0.45568l3.8049 5.4056c0.086038 0.1195 0.14491 0.16306 0.25925 0.16306h0.66c0.20264 0 0.18113-0.14184 0.10755-0.25129z"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038108" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.wqxr.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="wqxr-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit WQXR (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 114 25" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-wqxr-logo"> <path d="M51.0478502,10.9221209 L51.0478502,10.8719114 C51.0478502,5.8157769 46.779172,1.76744186 41.0155153,1.76744186 C35.2512207,1.76744186 30.9302326,5.86628713 30.9302326,10.9221209 L30.9302326,10.9723305 C30.9302326,16.028465 35.197954,20.077702 40.9619296,20.077702 C41.2269876,20.077702 41.4859853,20.0608652 41.745621,20.0428259 C42.2757371,20.9983111 43.0067997,21.8939658 43.9579466,22.6663514 C45.1326863,23.6257452 46.6397852,24.3527317 48.3892958,24.744186 L51.255814,20.7319297 C48.9551357,20.9108202 47.4955623,19.6853457 46.6716815,18.5236103 C49.3528823,16.8793219 51.0478502,14.0877295 51.0478502,10.9221209 L51.0478502,10.9221209 Z M45.7658273,10.9720298 C45.7658273,13.5107704 43.8699128,15.675194 41.0155153,15.675194 C38.1879107,15.675194 36.2396863,13.4626654 36.2396863,10.9221209 L36.2396863,10.8719114 C36.2396863,8.33166755 38.1317732,6.16844656 40.9616106,6.16844656 C43.817284,6.16844656 45.7655084,8.38097516 45.7655084,10.9221209 L45.7655084,10.9720298 L45.7658273,10.9720298 Z" class="W"></path> <polygon points="6.08907894 19.4418605 10.4845254 19.4418605 14.1276629 9.36612393 17.7945444 19.4418605 22.1928026 19.4418605 28.2790698 1.81787758 23.0510222 1.81787758 19.8768281 11.942849 16.3652198 1.76744186 12.0191358 1.76744186 8.50690254 11.942849 5.33364575 1.81787758 0 1.81787758" class="Q"></polygon> <polygon points="54.7906977 19.4418605 60.2165167 19.4418605 63.577535 14.1137326 66.9134422 19.4418605 72.4651163 19.4418605 66.4907365 10.4019622 72.2166945 1.76744186 66.7902776 1.76744186 63.677681 6.74082612 60.5907936 1.76744186 55.0397174 1.76744186 60.7656753 10.4522933" class="X"></polygon> <path d="M93.9887092,7.85144652 L93.9887092,7.80081218 C93.9887092,6.05893005 93.4694006,4.69574431 92.4574755,3.6848766 C91.2975578,2.4742003 89.4685594,1.76744186 86.8260469,1.76744186 L78.6511628,1.76744186 L78.6511628,19.4418605 L83.4432748,19.4418605 L83.4432748,14.0882638 L85.5418628,14.0882638 L89.0248783,19.4418605 L94.5581395,19.4418605 L90.4315492,13.2793271 C92.5802589,12.3457753 93.9887092,10.553562 93.9887092,7.85144652 L93.9887092,7.85144652 Z M89.1737606,8.1549494 C89.1737606,9.44233521 88.2350903,10.2506655 86.605096,10.2506655 L83.4432748,10.2506655 L83.4432748,6.0079925 L86.5801835,6.0079925 C88.1855618,6.0079925 89.1737606,6.71535734 89.1737606,8.10401185 L89.1737606,8.1549494 L89.1737606,8.1549494 Z" class="R"></path> <polygon points="111.348837 22.9767442 114 22.9767442 114 0 111.348837 0" class="rest-two"></polygon> <path d="M104.280641,10.6046512 C105.255552,10.6046512 106.046512,9.81233761 106.046512,8.83546489 C106.046512,7.8599877 105.255552,7.06976744 104.280641,7.06976744 C103.302587,7.06976744 102.511628,7.85963881 102.511628,8.83546489 C102.511279,9.81233761 103.302587,10.6046512 104.280641,10.6046512" class="dot-two"></path> <path d="M104.280641,16.7906977 C105.255552,16.7906977 106.046512,15.9990819 106.046512,15.0232558 C106.046512,14.0488253 105.255552,13.255814 104.280641,13.255814 C103.302587,13.255814 102.511628,14.0488253 102.511628,15.0232558 C102.511279,15.9994308 103.302587,16.7906977 104.280641,16.7906977" class="dot-one"></path> <polygon points="108.697674 22.9767442 109.581395 22.9767442 109.581395 0 108.697674 0" class="rest-one"></polygon> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038110" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.newsounds.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="new-sounds-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit New Sounds (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 155 18" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-new-sounds-logo"> <polyline points="12.1236281 17 9.34232914 17 4.9207392 6.4803792 3.01901457 17 0 17 2.87637186 1 5.7052407 1 10.0792608 11.4035113 11.9572005 1 15 1 12.1236281 17" class="N"></polyline> <polyline points="17.6544586 1 27 1 26.5611869 3.64728246 20.0018035 3.64728246 19.3217881 7.8039878 25.069395 7.8039878 24.6307052 10.4281658 18.882975 10.4281658 18.2248478 14.3527175 25.0036686 14.3527175 24.5648555 17 15 17 17.6544586 1" class="E"></polyline> <polyline points="44.8516909 1 48 1 39.959322 17 37.46829 17 36.7882868 7.63279325 33.1844991 17 30.5142039 17 28 1 31.1257739 1 32.5300231 12.1466379 36.4711387 1.03909475 38.7814435 1.03909475 39.5741864 12.1466379 44.8516909 1" class="W"></polyline> <path d="M73.9916364,12.2090001 C73.8551165,13.3389954 74.6530847,14.4010933 76.3406753,14.4010933 C77.9141789,14.4010933 78.9858278,13.5875296 79.2370756,12.5254318 C79.4876825,11.4858183 78.8948145,10.7853114 77.4578308,10.4011091 L75.6106466,9.90391371 C72.3495524,8.9095864 72.1899588,6.9435431 72.4412066,5.56495004 C72.9199875,2.83043877 75.6337204,1 78.5301206,1 C81.4944603,1 83.4557316,2.7852796 82.9083703,5.70055457 L79.9895372,5.70055457 C80.2177112,4.48017737 79.4646087,3.66661374 78.0051921,3.66661374 C76.7053692,3.66661374 75.5427071,4.38979552 75.3369659,5.49717954 C75.2459527,5.99431144 75.2914593,6.83048641 76.8880366,7.28245914 L78.7352209,7.84742506 C82.0418217,8.79659321 82.6346896,10.7627 82.1559087,12.5932023 C81.4944603,15.3954841 78.7352209,17 75.8618944,17 C72.509146,17 70.5940223,14.8757408 71.0728033,12.2090001 L73.9916364,12.2090001" class="S"></path> <path d="M91.0668014,14.1485293 C93.8579988,14.1485293 96.4922666,11.8628241 96.9877342,9.01135347 C97.4832018,6.1598192 95.7044541,3.85147066 92.9126239,3.85147066 C90.0986463,3.85147066 87.4643785,6.1598192 86.9910583,9.01135347 C86.4962234,11.8628241 88.252191,14.1485293 91.0668014,14.1485293 Z M93.3853114,1 C97.7983268,1 100.657865,4.5756759 99.8694194,9.01135347 C99.104387,13.4017444 94.9843492,17 90.5713338,17 C86.1583183,17 83.3437079,13.4017444 84.1321532,9.01135347 C84.8978183,4.5756759 88.9729287,1 93.3853114,1 Z" class="O"></path> <path d="M110.242709,11.2088731 L112.067094,1 L115,1 L113.175615,11.2088731 C112.55191,14.7339348 109.365238,17 106.132487,17 C102.899736,17 100.47501,14.7339348 101.098066,11.2088731 L102.945816,1 L105.947517,1 L104.100416,11.2088731 C103.799922,13.0400473 105.023967,14.2302719 106.640667,14.2302719 C108.256718,14.2302719 109.919499,13.0400473 110.242709,11.2088731" class="U"></path> <polyline points="126.123736 17 123.342346 17 118.920716 6.4803792 117.018574 17 114 17 116.876264 1 119.705091 1 124.079284 11.4035113 125.957374 1 129 1 126.123736 17" class="N"></polyline> <path d="M131.392596,14.0646784 L134.602742,14.0646784 C137.380347,14.0646784 139.201371,11.7563534 139.702377,8.95019788 C140.203382,6.12133569 139.246801,3.76772438 136.469835,3.76772438 L133.259689,3.76772438 L131.392596,14.0646784 Z M128.046161,16.7124594 L130.800731,1.12000707 L136.924771,1.12000707 C141.410146,1.12000707 143.413528,4.51456537 142.616271,8.95019788 C141.819653,13.3631873 138.654936,16.7124594 134.170201,16.7124594 L128.046161,16.7124594 Z" class="D"></path> <path d="M146.004936,12.1636749 C145.868007,13.295258 146.664625,14.3588481 148.34936,14.3588481 C149.920201,14.3588481 150.990676,13.5441413 151.240859,12.4805512 C151.491042,11.439477 150.899177,10.7379859 149.465265,10.3532438 L147.621207,9.85534982 C144.365631,8.85962544 144.206307,6.89081979 144.45649,5.51028975 C144.934461,2.7719364 147.643601,0.938925795 150.535101,0.938925795 C153.495064,0.938925795 155.452377,2.72671378 154.905941,5.64608481 L151.992048,5.64608481 C152.219835,4.42399293 151.468647,3.60928622 150.0117,3.60928622 C148.714077,3.60928622 147.552742,4.3334841 147.347989,5.44242403 C147.25713,5.94025442 147.302559,6.77760424 148.895795,7.23021201 L150.739854,7.79597173 C154.040859,8.7464735 154.633364,10.7153428 154.154753,12.548417 C153.495064,15.354636 150.739854,16.9614064 147.871389,16.9614064 C144.524954,16.9614064 142.612431,14.8341625 143.090402,12.1636749 L146.004936,12.1636749" class="S"></path> <path d="M59.2973949,4.42342049 L60.2981901,5.41825442 C61.1195704,6.22978092 62.3700366,7.32771731 63.733181,7.48577385 C65.1530165,7.65057244 66.0577697,7.14809894 66.5664534,6.69771731 C67.2261426,6.11383039 67.604936,5.27336396 67.604936,4.39155477 C67.604936,2.75202827 66.2279707,0.849879859 63.6755941,0.553929329 C62.4376691,0.410756184 61.318053,0.717773852 60.5246344,1.41983746 C59.7349909,2.11846643 59.3114077,3.1560424 59.2973949,4.42342049 Z M53.8254296,10.5115548 C52.7113163,10.5115548 51.9725411,10.9411378 51.531106,11.3316042 C50.8713528,11.915364 50.4930073,12.7559576 50.4930073,13.6377668 C50.4930073,15.2772933 51.8699726,17.1794417 54.4218373,17.4753922 C55.6599543,17.6190106 56.7796344,17.3116113 57.573117,16.6094841 C58.3623126,15.9111731 58.7858958,14.874424 58.8002925,13.6080636 L57.7993693,12.6108127 C56.978117,11.7995406 55.7274589,10.7016042 54.3646984,10.5435477 C54.1760055,10.5216678 53.9962706,10.5115548 53.8254296,10.5115548 Z M55.0103108,18 C54.7987751,18 54.5834004,17.9874064 54.3646984,17.9620283 C51.5298263,17.633258 50.000128,15.4886502 50.000128,13.6377668 C50.000128,12.6162191 50.4386837,11.642311 51.2033729,10.965689 C52.0295521,10.2346855 53.1725229,9.91170318 54.4218373,10.0569117 C55.9364351,10.2325866 57.2735375,11.400742 58.1475777,12.2639788 L58.8008684,12.9149682 L58.8041956,4.48823322 C58.8041956,3.04766078 59.2857495,1.8600424 60.1969013,1.05379505 C61.0969196,0.257533569 62.3525686,-0.0929893993 63.733181,0.0672932862 C66.5677331,0.396063604 68.0976234,2.54067138 68.0976234,4.39155477 C68.0976234,5.41310247 67.6593236,6.3870106 66.8940585,7.06363251 C66.0680073,7.79450883 64.9252285,8.11723675 63.6755941,7.97240989 C62.1610603,7.79673498 60.8240219,6.62857951 59.9501097,5.76521555 L59.296883,5.11575265 L59.2935558,13.5411519 C59.2935558,14.9816608 58.8120018,16.1692792 57.9007861,16.9754629 C57.1433912,17.6455336 56.133894,17.9998728 55.0103108,18 Z" class="note"></path> <path d="M63.46242,18 C63.1959668,18 62.9295135,17.8969819 62.7266016,17.6909456 L60.2076791,15.1284908 L60.2321916,14.4489461 L63.0734683,17.3388215 C63.2878406,17.5563689 63.6368721,17.5565629 63.8514354,17.3386275 C63.9554063,17.2330872 64.0126444,17.0927549 64.0126444,16.9434983 C64.0126444,16.7942416 63.9554063,16.6538446 63.8514991,16.5483691 L51.3043202,3.80399757 C50.8985599,3.39186036 50.8985599,2.72124011 51.3043202,2.30910291 C51.7100804,1.8969657 52.3703242,1.8969657 52.7760845,2.30910291 L67.5709574,17.33617 C67.784884,17.5541054 68.1344248,17.5541054 68.3489882,17.33617 C68.5635515,17.1182993 68.5635515,16.7637824 68.3489882,16.5459116 L55.8161347,3.81641407 C55.4103745,3.40427686 55.4103745,2.73365661 55.8161347,2.3215194 C56.2218949,1.9093822 56.8821387,1.9093822 57.287899,2.3215194 L59.7677288,4.84051651 L59.7448081,5.52187185 L56.9410322,2.67383754 C56.7266599,2.45590213 56.3775648,2.45590213 56.1630014,2.67383754 C55.9484381,2.89164362 55.9484381,3.24622518 56.1630014,3.46409593 L68.6953456,16.1935935 C69.1015515,16.6057307 69.1015515,17.276351 68.6953456,17.6884882 C68.2897763,18.1006254 67.6295325,18.1006254 67.2239633,17.6884882 L52.4292177,2.66142105 C52.2148454,2.44348563 51.8655592,2.44348563 51.6511869,2.66142105 C51.4366236,2.87922712 51.4366236,3.23380869 51.6511869,3.45167943 L64.1983022,16.1960509 C64.3948473,16.3956203 64.5034023,16.6611523 64.5034023,16.9434983 C64.5034023,17.2257796 64.3948473,17.4913116 64.1981748,17.6909456 C63.9953902,17.8969172 63.728937,18 63.46242,18" class="squiggle"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <div id="ember65038112" class="ember-view"><a href="https://www.thegreenespace.org?utm_medium=partnersite&utm_campaign=brandheader&utm_source=wnycstudios" data-action="Brand Header" data-label="greene-space-logo" target="_blank" aria-label="Visit The Greene Space (Opens in new window)" class="gtm__click-tracking"> <svg viewbox="0 0 75 59" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="logo-link__logo-greene-space-logo"> <style> .bump { fill: #BBB; } </style> <g class="bars"> <polygon points="0 30.1824362 16.5186877 30.1824362 16.5186877 25.114517 0 25.114517"></polygon> <polygon points="19.423505 30.1824362 35.9414452 30.1824362 35.9414452 3.72700287 19.423505 3.72700287"></polygon> <polygon points="19.4230066 30.1824362 35.9414452 30.1824362 35.9414452 25.114517 19.4230066 25.114517" class="bump"></polygon> <polygon points="38.8462625 30.1824362 55.364701 30.1824362 55.364701 6.39550675 38.8462625 6.39550675"></polygon> <polygon points="58.2700166 30.1836936 74.786711 30.1836936 74.786711 0.196158046 58.2700166 0.196158046"></polygon> </g> <g class="the"> <polyline points="22.3517442 34.2916957 22.3517442 39.6895628 20.9815615 39.6895628 20.9815615 34.2916957 19.3280731 34.2916957 19.3280731 33.0141536 23.9957641 33.0141536 23.9957641 34.2916957 22.3517442 34.2916957"></polyline> <polyline points="28.7576412 39.6895628 28.7576412 36.9712649 26.5746678 36.9712649 26.5746678 39.6895628 25.2144518 39.6895628 25.2144518 33.0141536 26.5746678 33.0141536 26.5746678 35.6937228 28.7576412 35.6937228 28.7576412 33.0141536 30.1183555 33.0141536 30.1183555 39.6895628 28.7576412 39.6895628"></polyline> <polyline points="31.7237542 39.6895628 31.7237542 33.0141536 35.9753322 33.0141536 35.9753322 34.253973 33.0745017 34.253973 33.0745017 35.7130871 35.6257475 35.7130871 35.6257475 36.9521521 33.0745017 36.9521521 33.0745017 38.4494919 36.013206 38.4494919 36.013206 39.6895628 31.7237542 39.6895628"></polyline> </g> <g class="greene"> <path d="M22.5500831,49.1715409 C20.7642857,49.1715409 19.4795681,47.8650781 19.4795681,45.7863057 L19.4795681,45.7005495 C19.4795681,43.7263948 20.7834718,42.3050034 22.5690199,42.3050034 C23.504402,42.3050034 24.0996678,42.5529673 24.657309,43.0016159 L24.014701,44.1456197 C23.5706811,43.7927867 23.1737542,43.5931079 22.5500831,43.5931079 C21.6052326,43.5931079 20.8968439,44.4511736 20.8968439,45.6718802 L20.8968439,45.7863057 C20.8968439,47.16922 21.633887,47.9131116 22.5974252,47.9131116 C22.9756645,47.9131116 23.3060631,47.817296 23.5898671,47.6364785 L23.5898671,46.4537461 L22.3893688,46.4537461 L22.3893688,45.2519008 L24.8840532,45.2519008 L24.8840532,48.341893 C24.2887874,48.8091515 23.5233389,49.1715409 22.5500831,49.1715409"></path> <path d="M29.7777409,49.0762283 L28.5682724,46.8830304 L27.6989203,46.8830304 L27.6989203,49.0762283 L26.3387043,49.0762283 L26.3387043,42.4008191 L28.804485,42.4008191 C30.2501661,42.4008191 31.1668605,43.1633206 31.1668605,44.5844605 L31.1668605,44.6133812 C31.1668605,45.6336545 30.6565615,46.2726771 29.9387043,46.5965894 L31.336794,49.0762283 L29.7777409,49.0762283 Z M29.7872093,44.6415475 C29.7872093,43.9454379 29.3623754,43.649692 28.7195183,43.649692 L27.6989203,43.649692 L27.6989203,45.6620723 L28.7481728,45.6620723 C29.3902824,45.6620723 29.7872093,45.3094908 29.7872093,44.6800247 L29.7872093,44.6415475 Z"></path> <polyline points="32.5265781 49.0762283 32.5265781 42.4008191 36.7781561 42.4008191 36.7781561 43.6406385 33.8773256 43.6406385 33.8773256 45.1000041 36.4285714 45.1000041 36.4285714 46.3390691 33.8773256 46.3390691 33.8773256 47.8366603 36.8160299 47.8366603 36.8160299 49.0762283 32.5265781 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="38.1762458 49.0762283 38.1762458 42.4008191 42.4280731 42.4008191 42.4280731 43.6406385 39.5272425 43.6406385 39.5272425 45.1000041 42.0784884 45.1000041 42.0784884 46.3390691 39.5272425 46.3390691 39.5272425 47.8366603 42.4656977 47.8366603 42.4656977 49.0762283 38.1762458 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="47.7655316 49.0762283 45.1579734 45.0421626 45.1579734 49.0762283 43.8254153 49.0762283 43.8254153 42.4008191 45.0819767 42.4008191 47.5950997 46.2915385 47.5950997 42.4008191 48.9465947 42.4008191 48.9465947 49.0762283 47.7655316 49.0762283"></polyline> <polyline points="50.5432724 49.0762283 50.5432724 42.4008191 54.7950997 42.4008191 54.7950997 43.6406385 51.8942691 43.6406385 51.8942691 45.1000041 54.4452658 45.1000041 54.4452658 46.3390691 51.8942691 46.3390691 51.8942691 47.8366603 54.8327243 47.8366603 54.8327243 49.0762283 50.5432724 49.0762283"></polyline> </g> <g class="space"> <path d="M21.9274086,58.3253316 C21.0864618,58.3253316 20.2644518,58.0492014 19.6034053,57.4956837 L20.2081395,56.4082639 C20.7463455,56.8282433 21.285299,57.0860151 21.8995017,57.0860151 C22.4187708,57.0860151 22.7499169,56.8757739 22.7499169,56.4756618 L22.7499169,56.456549 C22.7499169,56.103716 22.5700166,55.9030312 21.6346346,55.5119726 C20.4627907,54.9974349 19.7636213,54.6159327 19.7636213,53.4425052 L19.7636213,53.4236438 C19.7636213,52.2600242 20.642691,51.4970197 21.8708472,51.4970197 C22.6739203,51.4970197 23.3357143,51.7256193 23.8928571,52.1455987 L23.3636213,53.2808005 C22.844103,52.9375239 22.3813953,52.7368392 21.8900332,52.7368392 C21.4081395,52.7368392 21.1243355,52.9752466 21.1243355,53.3087153 L21.1243355,53.3278282 C21.1243355,53.7382511 21.3510797,53.8622331 22.3148671,54.2724046 C23.5243355,54.8352273 24.1101329,55.3022343 24.1101329,56.3421235 L24.1101329,56.3607333 C24.1101329,57.6005528 23.1936877,58.3253316 21.9274086,58.3253316"></path> <path d="M27.539701,56.2181415 L26.7647841,56.2181415 L26.7647841,58.2491318 L25.4043189,58.2491318 L25.4043189,51.5737226 L27.5960133,51.5737226 C29.0795681,51.5737226 30.0149502,52.4413447 30.0149502,53.8622331 L30.0149502,53.8815974 C30.0149502,55.4164084 28.9283223,56.1892208 27.539701,56.2181415 M28.6357973,53.8911538 C28.6357973,53.1759314 28.2196844,52.8225955 27.5586379,52.8225955 L26.7647841,52.8225955 L26.7647841,54.9783221 L27.5681063,54.9783221 C28.229402,54.9783221 28.6357973,54.5580912 28.6357973,53.9102667 L28.6357973,53.8911538"></path> <path d="M34.7563953,58.2491318 L34.2655316,56.7995741 L31.9973422,56.7995741 L31.5057309,58.2491318 L30.1362957,58.2491318 L32.4979236,51.5352454 L33.8020764,51.5352454 L36.164701,58.2491318 L34.7563953,58.2491318 Z M33.1315615,53.4047825 L32.4037375,55.5788675 L33.8496678,55.5788675 L33.1315615,53.4047825 Z"></path> <path d="M39.6318937,58.3444444 C37.9597176,58.3444444 36.7034053,56.9997559 36.7034053,54.9592092 L36.7034053,54.873453 C36.7034053,52.8417083 37.9597176,51.4779069 39.6986711,51.4779069 C40.6714286,51.4779069 41.2480066,51.7834608 41.7488372,52.2409114 L41.1059801,53.3567489 C40.6811462,52.9943595 40.255814,52.7657599 39.7268272,52.7657599 C38.7909468,52.7657599 38.1206811,53.5569307 38.1206811,54.8543401 L38.1206811,54.9494013 C38.1206811,56.2749771 38.7817276,57.0573459 39.7360465,57.0573459 C40.3126246,57.0573459 40.7090532,56.8282433 41.144103,56.4469926 L41.7959302,57.4481531 C41.238289,58.0107243 40.6243355,58.3444444 39.6318937,58.3444444"></path> <polyline points="43.0609635 58.2491318 43.0609635 51.5737226 47.3125415 51.5737226 47.3125415 52.813542 44.4119601 52.813542 44.4119601 54.2726561 46.9629568 54.2726561 46.9629568 55.5119726 44.4119601 55.5119726 44.4119601 57.0093123 47.3504153 57.0093123 47.3504153 58.2491318 43.0609635 58.2491318"></polyline> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> <div id="bottom-ad-wrapper" class="bottom-ad-wrapper bottom-ad-wrapper-player-hidden bottom-ad-wrapper-hidden"> <div class="bottom-ad-close-button-wrapper bottom-ad-close-button-visible"><a href="#" data-category="Click Tracking" data-action="Close Ad" data-label="Adhesion Ad Unit" class="bottom-ad-close-button gtm__click-tracking"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17" height="17" viewbox="0 0 17 17"> <path fill="#048d99" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.511.431a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.08 2.08L6.42 8.5.43 14.489a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.081 2.08L8.5 10.58l5.989 5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.08-2.08L10.58 8.5l5.99-5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.081-2.08L8.5 6.42 2.511.43z"></path> </svg> </a></div> <div id="ember65038116" class="ember-view"><div id="bottom-ad-home" class="bottom-dfp-ad"></div> </div> </div> <div id="ember65038117" class="ember-view"><div id="ember65038119" class="nypr-player-wrapper liquid-container ember-view"></div> </div> <div class="page-wrapper"> <div id="ember65038122" class="ember-view"><div style id="ember65038123" class="ember-burger-menu bm--slide left ember-view"><div id="ember65038124" class="side-nav bm-menu-container ember-view"><div id="ember65038125" class="ember-view"> <div style="width: 281px" class="bm-menu"> <button class="side-nav__close-button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="17" height="17" viewbox="0 0 17 17"> <path fill="#048d99" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.511.431a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.08 2.08L6.42 8.5.43 14.489a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.081 2.08L8.5 10.58l5.989 5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0 2.08-2.08L10.58 8.5l5.99-5.989a1.471 1.471 0 1 0-2.081-2.08L8.5 6.42 2.511.43z"></path> </svg> </button> <div style id="ember65038128" class="bm-menu-item ember-view"> <a href="/" id="ember65038129" class="side-nav__logo-link ember-view"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="108" height="58" viewbox="0 0 108 58"> <g fill-rule="nonzero"> <path d="M.011 47.638h2.766l1.646 5.465 1.822-5.493H8.5l1.821 5.493 1.646-5.465h2.713l-3.157 9.513H9.24l-1.903-5.438L5.45 57.15H3.17zM15.791 47.638h2.442l3.886 4.993v-4.993h2.591v9.446h-2.294l-4.034-5.182v5.182h-2.59v-9.446zM29.295 53.426l-3.59-5.788h2.983l1.943 3.319 1.956-3.32h2.929l-3.59 5.75v3.697h-2.631v-3.658zM35.372 52.388v-.028c0-2.752 2.119-4.91 4.98-4.91 1.929 0 3.17.809 4.007 1.969l-1.97 1.525c-.54-.675-1.16-1.107-2.065-1.107-1.322 0-2.253 1.12-2.253 2.497v.027c0 1.417.931 2.523 2.253 2.523.985 0 1.565-.458 2.132-1.146l1.97 1.403c-.89 1.228-2.091 2.132-4.183 2.132-2.698 0-4.87-2.065-4.87-4.885zM50.106 51.848c2.105.459 3.076 1.228 3.076 2.685 0 1.633-1.35 2.686-3.225 2.686-1.498 0-2.726-.5-3.86-1.512l.662-.782c.985.89 1.93 1.336 3.238 1.336 1.269 0 2.105-.662 2.105-1.62 0-.89-.472-1.39-2.456-1.808-2.172-.472-3.171-1.174-3.171-2.739 0-1.51 1.309-2.59 3.104-2.59 1.376 0 2.36.39 3.319 1.16l-.62.823c-.878-.715-1.755-1.025-2.727-1.025-1.228 0-2.01.674-2.01 1.538 0 .903.487 1.402 2.565 1.848zM58.98 57.084H57.9v-8.461h-3.17v-.985h7.421v.985H58.98v8.46zM71.888 53.049c0 2.752-1.578 4.183-3.94 4.183-2.334 0-3.927-1.43-3.927-4.103v-5.492h1.066v5.424c0 2.038 1.08 3.185 2.888 3.185 1.74 0 2.847-1.052 2.847-3.117v-5.492h1.066v5.412zM77.915 57.084h-3.279v-9.446h3.28c2.968 0 5.019 2.038 5.019 4.709s-2.051 4.737-5.02 4.737zm0-8.461h-2.213v7.475h2.213c2.389 0 3.914-1.619 3.914-3.724 0-2.105-1.525-3.751-3.914-3.751zM86.391 47.638v9.446h-1.066v-9.446zM93.587 57.245c-2.874 0-4.804-2.253-4.804-4.871 0-2.618 1.957-4.899 4.831-4.899 2.875 0 4.804 2.254 4.804 4.872s-1.957 4.898-4.831 4.898zm0-8.784c-2.159 0-3.697 1.727-3.697 3.886s1.565 3.913 3.724 3.913c2.16 0 3.698-1.727 3.698-3.886s-1.566-3.913-3.725-3.913zM103.978 51.848c2.105.459 3.077 1.228 3.077 2.685 0 1.633-1.35 2.686-3.226 2.686-1.497 0-2.725-.5-3.859-1.512l.661-.782c.986.89 1.93 1.336 3.239 1.336 1.269 0 2.105-.662 2.105-1.62 0-.89-.473-1.39-2.457-1.808-2.172-.472-3.17-1.174-3.17-2.739 0-1.51 1.309-2.59 3.103-2.59 1.377 0 2.362.39 3.32 1.16l-.62.823c-.878-.715-1.755-1.025-2.726-1.025-1.228 0-2.011.674-2.011 1.538 0 .903.486 1.402 2.564 1.848zM.011.152V43.47h3.857v-6.457h21.94v6.457h3.857V8.869h21.94v34.602h3.857v-31.09h21.94v31.09h3.858V4.223h21.937v39.248h3.858V.151z"></path> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="side-nav__main-link-list"> <li style id="ember65038131" class="bm-menu-item ember-view"> <a href="/podcasts" id="ember65038132" class="ember-view">Our Podcasts</a> </li> <li style id="ember65038133" class="bm-menu-item ember-view"> <a href="https://pledge3.wnyc.org/donate/studios/onestep/?ref=button-studios-nav" target="_blank"> Support Us </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="side-nav__sub-link-list"> <li style id="ember65038134" class="bm-menu-item ember-view"> <a href="https://www.wnyc.org/press/" target="_blank">Press</a> </li><li style id="ember65038135" class="bm-menu-item ember-view"> <a href="https://wnycstudios.zendesk.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> <ul id="ember65038136" class="side-nav__social-icons social-iconlist ember-view"> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/WNYCStudios/" target="_blank" title=" facebook" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038137" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on twitter" href="https://twitter.com/WNYCStudios" target="_blank" title=" twitter" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038138" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrTWMuZyAIRP_IRxfO20k3w/videos" target="_blank" title=" youtube" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038139" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div style id="ember65038140" class="bm-outlet ember-view"><div id="ember65038123-outlet-menu" class="bm-menu-container"></div> <div class="bm-content"> </div> </div> </div></div>  <div id="ember65038142" class="show-header show-header--story-template ember-view"> <style> /* This block is necessary to allow for CSS to contain handlebars variables from Ember. */ .show-header--scroll-container { background-image: linear-gradient(to top right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)); background-position: % center; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1); } .show-header--sticky-container { background-image: linear-gradient(to top right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)); background-position: % center; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1); } </style> <div class="show-header--scroll-container"> <div class="show-header--scroll-content"> <div id="ember65038143" class="site-header ember-view"><div id="ember65038144" class="side-nav-button side-nav-button ember-view"><button aria-label="menu" class="side-nav-button__button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 11"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="14" height="2"></rect> <rect x="0" y="5" width="14" height="2"></rect> <rect x="0" y="10" width="14" height="2"></rect> </svg> </button> </div> <a aria-label="WNYC Studios home page" title="WNYC Studios" href="/" id="ember65038147" class="ember-view"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 190 15" class="site-header__logo"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M37.189 1.05h3.95l2.35 7.861 2.6-7.901h3.217l2.6 7.901 2.35-7.862h3.872L53.62 14.735h-3.255L47.649 6.91l-2.697 7.824h-3.256L37.19 1.049M59.715 1.05h3.487l5.548 7.182V1.049h3.698v13.589h-3.274l-5.76-7.455v7.455h-3.699V1.049M78.993 9.377L73.87 1.049h4.257L80.9 5.824l2.793-4.775h4.18L82.75 9.32v5.319h-3.757V9.377M87.669 7.883v-.04c0-3.96 3.024-7.066 7.108-7.066 2.755 0 4.527 1.164 5.721 2.834l-2.812 2.194c-.77-.971-1.657-1.592-2.948-1.592-1.887 0-3.216 1.611-3.216 3.591v.04c0 2.037 1.329 3.63 3.216 3.63 1.407 0 2.235-.66 3.044-1.65l2.813 2.018c-1.272 1.767-2.986 3.068-5.972 3.068-3.853 0-6.954-2.97-6.954-7.027M108.702 7.106c3.005.66 4.392 1.766 4.392 3.863 0 2.349-1.927 3.863-4.604 3.863-2.138 0-3.892-.718-5.51-2.174l.945-1.126c1.406 1.281 2.754 1.922 4.623 1.922 1.81 0 3.005-.952 3.005-2.33 0-1.281-.675-2-3.507-2.601-3.1-.68-4.526-1.689-4.526-3.941 0-2.174 1.868-3.727 4.43-3.727 1.965 0 3.371.562 4.74 1.67l-.887 1.183c-1.252-1.028-2.504-1.475-3.892-1.475-1.752 0-2.87.971-2.87 2.213 0 1.3.694 2.019 3.66 2.66M121.371 14.638h-1.541V2.466h-4.527V1.049h10.595v1.417h-4.527v12.172M139.798 8.834c0 3.96-2.254 6.017-5.625 6.017-3.333 0-5.606-2.058-5.606-5.901v-7.9h1.522v7.803c0 2.931 1.541 4.58 4.123 4.58 2.484 0 4.064-1.513 4.064-4.483v-7.9h1.522v7.784M148.402 2.466h-3.16V13.22h3.16c3.41 0 5.586-2.329 5.586-5.357 0-3.03-2.176-5.397-5.586-5.397zm0 12.172h-4.681V1.049h4.68c4.24 0 7.167 2.931 7.167 6.775 0 3.843-2.928 6.814-7.166 6.814zM158.98 1.05h1.522v13.588h-1.522zM170.774 2.233c-3.082 0-5.278 2.485-5.278 5.59 0 3.107 2.235 5.631 5.317 5.631 3.082 0 5.278-2.485 5.278-5.591 0-3.106-2.235-5.63-5.317-5.63zm0 12.638c-4.103 0-6.858-3.242-6.858-7.008 0-3.767 2.793-7.047 6.897-7.047 4.103 0 6.857 3.242 6.857 7.008s-2.793 7.047-6.896 7.047zM185.608 7.106c3.005.66 4.392 1.766 4.392 3.863 0 2.349-1.926 3.863-4.604 3.863-2.138 0-3.891-.718-5.51-2.174l.944-1.126c1.407 1.281 2.755 1.922 4.624 1.922 1.81 0 3.005-.952 3.005-2.33 0-1.281-.674-2-3.506-2.601-3.101-.68-4.527-1.689-4.527-3.941 0-2.174 1.869-3.727 4.43-3.727 1.965 0 3.372.562 4.74 1.67l-.886 1.183c-1.253-1.028-2.505-1.475-3.892-1.475-1.753 0-2.87.971-2.87 2.213 0 1.3.693 2.019 3.66 2.66M0 1.039v13.696h1.21v-2.041h6.884v2.04h1.21V3.796h6.883v10.94h1.21v-9.83h6.883v9.83h1.211V2.325h6.883v12.41h1.21V1.039H0"></path> </g> </svg> </a><a href="/podcasts" id="ember65038149" class="site-header__link site-header__first-link ember-view"> Our Podcasts </a> <a href="https://pledge3.wnyc.org/donate/studios/onestep/?ref=button-studios-nav" class="site-header__link"> Support Us </a> </div> <div class="show-header__title-and-logo-container"> <a aria-label="The Experiment homepage" title="The Experiment" href="/podcasts/experiment" id="ember65038150" class="ember-view"> <img src="https://media.wnyc.org/i/200/200/l/85/2021/01/TheExperiment_1400_branding_Web.png" alt class="show-header__logo"> </a> <div class="show-header__title-and-subtitle"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment" id="ember65038151" class="ember-view"> <h2>The Experiment</h2> </a> </div> </div>  <div id="ember65038152" class="support-subscribe-buttons ember-view"> <button data-action="Listen for Free" data-label="Show Header" class="show-header__button gtm__click-tracking"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="15" viewbox="0 0 15 15" class="show-header__subscribe-button"> <path fill="#000" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2.116 10.902c.556 0 1.025.199 1.409.595.389.386.583.855.583 1.408 0 .553-.194 1.025-.583 1.416a1.909 1.909 0 0 1-1.409.578 1.9 1.9 0 0 1-1.4-.578 1.95 1.95 0 0 1-.574-1.416c0-.553.191-1.023.574-1.408.384-.397.85-.595 1.4-.595zM.208 5.665a.733.733 0 0 1 .483-.252v-.008h.817c2.228 0 4.133.793 5.717 2.38 1.583 1.575 2.383 3.483 2.4 5.723v.796h-.009a.731.731 0 0 1-.217.461.77.77 0 0 1-.466.226V15H7.541a.776.776 0 0 1-.758-.696h-.009v-.796h.009c-.017-1.447-.536-2.684-1.558-3.712-1.04-1.022-2.278-1.533-3.717-1.533h-.033v.008H.691v-.008a.824.824 0 0 1-.466-.218.702.702 0 0 1-.209-.47H0v-1.4a.821.821 0 0 1 .208-.51zM0 2.17V.763A.821.821 0 0 1 .208.25.733.733 0 0 1 .691 0h.817c3.706 0 6.878 1.318 9.517 3.955 2.639 2.643 3.964 5.827 3.975 9.553v.796h-.009a.77.77 0 0 1-.683.687V15h-1.391a.776.776 0 0 1-.759-.696h-.008v-.796h.008c-.01-2.938-1.058-5.447-3.141-7.525C6.939 3.893 4.436 2.85 1.508 2.85h-.033v.009H.691v-.009a.759.759 0 0 1-.466-.218.694.694 0 0 1-.209-.46H0z"></path> </svg> <span>Listen For Free</span> </button>  </div> <nav id="ember65038155" class="horizontal-nav ember-view"><div class="horizontal-nav__container"> <nav class="horizontal-nav__nav"> <ul class="horizontal-nav__list"> <li class="is-active horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/episodes" id="ember65038157" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">Episodes</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/spam-how-american-dream-got-canned" id="ember65038159" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">SPAM: How the American Dream Got Canned</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/about" id="ember65038161" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">About</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/the-team" id="ember65038163" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">Team</a> </li> </ul> <div id="ember65038164" class="horizontal-nav__indicator sliding-bar ember-view"></div> </nav> </div> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="horizontal-nav__button horizontal-nav__button--left horizontal-nav__button--hidden"> <svg width="6px" height="11px" viewbox="0 0 6 11" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <path d="M5.317.072s.285-.207.56.08c.276.288 0 .54 0 .54l-4.73 4.934 4.506 4.7s.235.295-.017.557c-.252.263-.603 0-.603 0L0 5.617 5.317.072z" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="horizontal-nav__button horizontal-nav__button--right horizontal-nav__button--hidden"> <svg width="6px" height="11px" viewbox="0 0 6 11" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <path d="M.683 10.928s-.285.207-.56-.08c-.276-.288 0-.54 0-.54l4.73-4.934L.348.674S.112.379.364.117c.252-.263.603 0 .603 0L6 5.383.683 10.928z" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button></nav> </div> </div> <div class="show-header--sticky-container"> <div class="show-header--sentinel"></div> <div class="show-header--sticky-content"> <div id="ember65038169" class="site-header ember-view"><div id="ember65038170" class="side-nav-button side-nav-button ember-view"><button aria-label="menu" class="side-nav-button__button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewbox="0 0 14 11"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="14" height="2"></rect> <rect x="0" y="5" width="14" height="2"></rect> <rect x="0" y="10" width="14" height="2"></rect> </svg> </button> </div> <a aria-label="WNYC Studios home page" title="WNYC Studios" href="/" id="ember65038173" class="ember-view"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 190 15" class="site-header__logo"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M37.189 1.05h3.95l2.35 7.861 2.6-7.901h3.217l2.6 7.901 2.35-7.862h3.872L53.62 14.735h-3.255L47.649 6.91l-2.697 7.824h-3.256L37.19 1.049M59.715 1.05h3.487l5.548 7.182V1.049h3.698v13.589h-3.274l-5.76-7.455v7.455h-3.699V1.049M78.993 9.377L73.87 1.049h4.257L80.9 5.824l2.793-4.775h4.18L82.75 9.32v5.319h-3.757V9.377M87.669 7.883v-.04c0-3.96 3.024-7.066 7.108-7.066 2.755 0 4.527 1.164 5.721 2.834l-2.812 2.194c-.77-.971-1.657-1.592-2.948-1.592-1.887 0-3.216 1.611-3.216 3.591v.04c0 2.037 1.329 3.63 3.216 3.63 1.407 0 2.235-.66 3.044-1.65l2.813 2.018c-1.272 1.767-2.986 3.068-5.972 3.068-3.853 0-6.954-2.97-6.954-7.027M108.702 7.106c3.005.66 4.392 1.766 4.392 3.863 0 2.349-1.927 3.863-4.604 3.863-2.138 0-3.892-.718-5.51-2.174l.945-1.126c1.406 1.281 2.754 1.922 4.623 1.922 1.81 0 3.005-.952 3.005-2.33 0-1.281-.675-2-3.507-2.601-3.1-.68-4.526-1.689-4.526-3.941 0-2.174 1.868-3.727 4.43-3.727 1.965 0 3.371.562 4.74 1.67l-.887 1.183c-1.252-1.028-2.504-1.475-3.892-1.475-1.752 0-2.87.971-2.87 2.213 0 1.3.694 2.019 3.66 2.66M121.371 14.638h-1.541V2.466h-4.527V1.049h10.595v1.417h-4.527v12.172M139.798 8.834c0 3.96-2.254 6.017-5.625 6.017-3.333 0-5.606-2.058-5.606-5.901v-7.9h1.522v7.803c0 2.931 1.541 4.58 4.123 4.58 2.484 0 4.064-1.513 4.064-4.483v-7.9h1.522v7.784M148.402 2.466h-3.16V13.22h3.16c3.41 0 5.586-2.329 5.586-5.357 0-3.03-2.176-5.397-5.586-5.397zm0 12.172h-4.681V1.049h4.68c4.24 0 7.167 2.931 7.167 6.775 0 3.843-2.928 6.814-7.166 6.814zM158.98 1.05h1.522v13.588h-1.522zM170.774 2.233c-3.082 0-5.278 2.485-5.278 5.59 0 3.107 2.235 5.631 5.317 5.631 3.082 0 5.278-2.485 5.278-5.591 0-3.106-2.235-5.63-5.317-5.63zm0 12.638c-4.103 0-6.858-3.242-6.858-7.008 0-3.767 2.793-7.047 6.897-7.047 4.103 0 6.857 3.242 6.857 7.008s-2.793 7.047-6.896 7.047zM185.608 7.106c3.005.66 4.392 1.766 4.392 3.863 0 2.349-1.926 3.863-4.604 3.863-2.138 0-3.891-.718-5.51-2.174l.944-1.126c1.407 1.281 2.755 1.922 4.624 1.922 1.81 0 3.005-.952 3.005-2.33 0-1.281-.674-2-3.506-2.601-3.101-.68-4.527-1.689-4.527-3.941 0-2.174 1.869-3.727 4.43-3.727 1.965 0 3.372.562 4.74 1.67l-.886 1.183c-1.253-1.028-2.505-1.475-3.892-1.475-1.753 0-2.87.971-2.87 2.213 0 1.3.693 2.019 3.66 2.66M0 1.039v13.696h1.21v-2.041h6.884v2.04h1.21V3.796h6.883v10.94h1.21v-9.83h6.883v9.83h1.211V2.325h6.883v12.41h1.21V1.039H0"></path> </g> </svg> </a><a href="/podcasts" id="ember65038175" class="site-header__link site-header__first-link ember-view"> Our Podcasts </a> <a href="https://pledge3.wnyc.org/donate/studios/onestep/?ref=button-studios-nav" class="site-header__link"> Support Us </a> </div> <div class="show-header__title-and-logo-container"> <a aria-label="The Experiment homepage" href="/podcasts/experiment" id="ember65038176" class="ember-view"> <img src="https://media.wnyc.org/i/200/200/l/85/2021/01/TheExperiment_1400_branding_Web.png" class="show-header__logo"> </a> <div class="show-header__title-and-subtitle"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment" id="ember65038177" class="ember-view"> <h2>The Experiment</h2> </a> </div> </div> <div id="ember65038178" class="support-subscribe-buttons ember-view"> <button data-action="Listen for Free" data-label="Show Header" class="show-header__button gtm__click-tracking"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="15" height="15" viewbox="0 0 15 15" class="show-header__subscribe-button"> <path fill="#000" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M2.116 10.902c.556 0 1.025.199 1.409.595.389.386.583.855.583 1.408 0 .553-.194 1.025-.583 1.416a1.909 1.909 0 0 1-1.409.578 1.9 1.9 0 0 1-1.4-.578 1.95 1.95 0 0 1-.574-1.416c0-.553.191-1.023.574-1.408.384-.397.85-.595 1.4-.595zM.208 5.665a.733.733 0 0 1 .483-.252v-.008h.817c2.228 0 4.133.793 5.717 2.38 1.583 1.575 2.383 3.483 2.4 5.723v.796h-.009a.731.731 0 0 1-.217.461.77.77 0 0 1-.466.226V15H7.541a.776.776 0 0 1-.758-.696h-.009v-.796h.009c-.017-1.447-.536-2.684-1.558-3.712-1.04-1.022-2.278-1.533-3.717-1.533h-.033v.008H.691v-.008a.824.824 0 0 1-.466-.218.702.702 0 0 1-.209-.47H0v-1.4a.821.821 0 0 1 .208-.51zM0 2.17V.763A.821.821 0 0 1 .208.25.733.733 0 0 1 .691 0h.817c3.706 0 6.878 1.318 9.517 3.955 2.639 2.643 3.964 5.827 3.975 9.553v.796h-.009a.77.77 0 0 1-.683.687V15h-1.391a.776.776 0 0 1-.759-.696h-.008v-.796h.008c-.01-2.938-1.058-5.447-3.141-7.525C6.939 3.893 4.436 2.85 1.508 2.85h-.033v.009H.691v-.009a.759.759 0 0 1-.466-.218.694.694 0 0 1-.209-.46H0z"></path> </svg> <span>Listen For Free</span> </button>  </div> <nav id="ember65038181" class="horizontal-nav ember-view"><div class="horizontal-nav__container"> <nav class="horizontal-nav__nav"> <ul class="horizontal-nav__list"> <li class="is-active horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/episodes" id="ember65038182" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">Episodes</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/spam-how-american-dream-got-canned" id="ember65038183" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">SPAM: How the American Dream Got Canned</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/about" id="ember65038184" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">About</a> </li> <li class="horizontal-nav__list-item"> <a href="/podcasts/experiment/the-team" id="ember65038185" class="horizontal-nav__link ember-view">Team</a> </li> </ul> <div id="ember65038186" class="horizontal-nav__indicator sliding-bar ember-view"></div> </nav> </div> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="horizontal-nav__button horizontal-nav__button--left horizontal-nav__button--hidden"> <svg width="6px" height="11px" viewbox="0 0 6 11" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <path d="M5.317.072s.285-.207.56.08c.276.288 0 .54 0 .54l-4.73 4.934 4.506 4.7s.235.295-.017.557c-.252.263-.603 0-.603 0L0 5.617 5.317.072z" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> <button aria-hidden="true" type="button" class="horizontal-nav__button horizontal-nav__button--right horizontal-nav__button--hidden"> <svg width="6px" height="11px" viewbox="0 0 6 11" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <path d="M.683 10.928s-.285.207-.56-.08c-.276-.288 0-.54 0-.54l4.73-4.934L.348.674S.112.379.364.117c.252-.263.603 0 .603 0L6 5.383.683 10.928z" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button></nav> </div> </div> </div> <main class="show-slug_experiment"> <article id="ember65038191" class="story story--default ember-view"><header class="story__header"> <h3 class="story__title"> The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground </h3>  <div class="story__actions empty-segment-list"> <button data-label="The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground | The Experiment" data-action="Clicked Play/Pause On Demand: story-header" data-test-selector="listen-button" title="Listen to The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground" aria-label="Listen to The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground" id="ember65038192" class="story__listenbutton listen-button gtm__click-tracking yellow-square is-paused ember-view"><div id="ember65038193" class="listen-ui ember-view"> <svg width="20px" height="23px" viewbox="2 1 20 23" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="icon icon--play"> <polygon id="play" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(11.777778, 12.785326) rotate(90.000000) translate(-11.777778, -12.785326) " points="11.7777778 3.00754831 22.5631039 22.5631039 0.992451691 22.5631039"></polygon> </svg> <svg width="18px" height="20px" viewbox="3 2 18 20" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="icon icon--pause"> <path d="M3,2 L9.03174603,2 L9.03174603,21.4508009 L3,21.4508009 L3,2 Z M14,2 L20.031746,2 L20.031746,21.4508009 L14,21.4508009 L14,2 Z" id="pause" stroke="none" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> <i class="listen-spinner"></i> </div> <span class="listen-button__button-text">Listen</span> </button> <div id="ember65038196" class="story__download-link ember-view"><a href="https://chrt.fm/track/53A61E/pdst.fm/e/dts.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/waaa.wnyc.org/b998900c-e2f1-4eb3-bc71-663a0d56b5f1/episodes/dfffcc9c-3011-411d-ad2e-864599c15e4d/audio/128/default.mp3?aid=rss_feed&awCollectionId=b998900c-e2f1-4eb3-bc71-663a0d56b5f1&awEpisodeId=dfffcc9c-3011-411d-ad2e-864599c15e4d&feed=xWZglpA_&awCollectionId=1071921&awEpisodeId=1201180" download="The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground" title="Download "The Resurgence of the Abortion Underground"" class="download-link"> <svg viewbox="0 0 13 19" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g> <path d="M6.5 14.689l-5.435-5.6 1.042-1.077L6.5 12.54l4.393-4.526 1.042 1.076z"></path> <path d="M5.761 1.106h1.475v12.506H5.761zM1.588 16.374h9.828v1.519H1.588z"></path> </g> </svg> Download</a></div> <div id="ember65038198" class="story__embed-button embed-button ember-view"><button class="embed-button__button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23" height="15" viewbox="0 0 23 15"> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="translate(-468.000000, -386.000000)"> <g transform="translate(239.000000, 263.000000)"> <g transform="translate(229.000000, 123.000000)"> <g> <path d="M17.1158756,1.64789601 L15.4594347,3.29579202 L19.6864378,7.5 L15.4594347,11.704208 L17.1158756,13.3524467 L23,7.5 L17.1158756,1.64789601 Z M5.88412442,1.64789601 L0,7.5 L5.88412442,13.352104 L7.54124573,11.7038653 L3.31356221,7.5 L7.54124573,3.29579202 L5.88412442,1.64789601 Z M8.51592291,15 L10.9997338,15 L14.3139764,0 L11.8294851,0 L8.51592291,15 Z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> Embed</button> </div> <div id="ember65038201" class="story-metadata__share ember-view"><span class="story-metadata__share-label">Share</span> <div id="ember65038202" class="btn-group story-metadata__share-buttons story__share-buttons ember-view"> <button data-action="Share" data-label="Facebook" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this on Facebook (Opens in a new window)</span> </button> <button data-action="Share" data-label="Twitter" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this on Twitter (Opens in a new window)</span> </button> <a data-action="Share" data-label="Email" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this via Email</span> </a> </div></div> </div> <footer id="ember65038209" class="empty-segment-list story-metadata ember-view"><div class="story-metadata__byline"> <p class="story-metadata__date"> April 22, 2022 </p> </div> <div id="ember65038210" class="story-metadata__share ember-view"><span class="story-metadata__share-label">Share</span> <div id="ember65038211" class="btn-group story-metadata__share-buttons story__share-buttons ember-view"> <button data-action="Share" data-label="Facebook" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this on Facebook (Opens in a new window)</span> </button> <button data-action="Share" data-label="Twitter" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this on Twitter (Opens in a new window)</span> </button> <a data-action="Share" data-label="Email" class="gtm__click-tracking "> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> <span class="for-screenreaders">Share this via Email</span> </a> </div></div> </footer> </header> <figure class="story__image-wrapper"> <img src="https://media.wnyc.org/i/800/0/c/85/2022/04/TheExperiment_Abortionep_4x3_24.png" width="100%" alt class="story__image"> </figure> <div class="story__details"> <span id="ember65038218" class="story__image-caption ember-view"> ( Hannah Whitaker for The Atlantic ) </span> <div id="ember65038219" class="ember-view"> <div id="ember65038220" class="article-tabs ivy-tabs nypr-tabs ember-view"><div aria-relevant="all" aria-live="polite" aria-label id="ember65038221" role="tablist" class="ivy-tabs-tablist nypr-tabs-tablist ember-view" aria-multiselectable="false"> <a href="#ember65038224" aria-selected="true" aria-expanded="true" id="ember65038222" role="tab" class="ivy-tabs-tab active ember-view" tabindex="0" selected="selected" aria-controls="ember65038224">Summary</a> <a href="#ember65038227" aria-selected="false" aria-expanded="false" id="ember65038223" role="tab" class="ivy-tabs-tab ember-view" aria-controls="ember65038227">Transcript</a> <div class="tablist-buffer"></div> </div> <div tabindex="0" aria-hidden="false" id="ember65038224" role="tabpanel" class="ivy-tabs-tabpanel active ember-view" aria-labelledby="ember65038222"> <div class="story__body"> <div id="ember65038225" class="ember-view"><div class="django-content"></div> <div id="ember65038226" class="l-full index-loading ember-view"><div style="padding-top: 24px;" class="l-full"> <div style="margin-bottom: 34px;" class="l-constrained"> <div style="height: 50px;" class="bg-gray4 loading-gradient"></div> </div> <div class="l-constrained"> <div class="l-col2of3"> <div style="height:352px; margin-bottom: 44px;" class="bg-gray1 loading-gradient"> <div style="width: 50%; height: 100%; float: right;" class="white-box"> <div style="height: 24px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 24px; margin-bottom: 22px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="thin-line"></div> <div class="thin-line"></div> <div style="width: 75%;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 63px;" class="l-full"> <div class="l-col1of2"> <div style="height: 513px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 244px;" class="white-box"> <div style="height: 18px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 18px; margin-bottom: 19px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="thin-line"></div> <div style="width: 75%;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of2"> <div style="height: 513px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 244px;" class="white-box"> <div style="height: 18px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 18px; margin-bottom: 19px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="thin-line"></div> <div style="width: 75%;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 36px; height: 36px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of3"> <div style="height:600px" class="bg-gray1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="l-constrained"> <div style="margin-bottom: 20px; width: 150px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="l-col1of5"> <div style="height: 287px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 137px;" class="white-box"> <div style="10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of5"> <div style="height: 287px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 137px;" class="white-box"> <div style="10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of5"> <div style="height: 287px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 137px;" class="white-box"> <div style="10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of5"> <div style="height: 287px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 137px;" class="white-box"> <div style="10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="l-col1of5"> <div style="height: 287px;" class="vertical-card loading-gradient"> <div class="bottom"> <div style="height: 137px;" class="white-box"> <div style="10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div style="height: 10px;" class="thin-line"></div> <div class="bottom"> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px; margin-right: 10px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> <button style="width: 20px; height: 20px;" class="btn btn--circle bg-gray1"></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div aria-hidden="true" id="ember65038227" role="tabpanel" class="ivy-tabs-tabpanel ember-view" aria-labelledby="ember65038223"> <section class="transcript"> <div aria-hidden="true" class="for-print">Transcript</div> <div class="text"> <p><span>(</span><em><span>With a beep, riot-grrrl music launches headlong into an up-tempo electric guitar riff: light, intense, fast. With another beep, it cuts out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Julia Longoria: </em></strong><em><span>Okay, tell me the story of your coming-to-the-story.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Jessica Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Yeah, so it’s actually kind of bizarre. I love checking the schedules of hackers’ conferences.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Jessica Bruder is a freelance writer for </span><em><span>The Atlantic</span></em><span>. And she’s not a tech reporter. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>I am not a coder. I’m not super, super tech-savvy.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>The reason she likes hackers’ conferences is because of the kinds of people who attend them. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>My beat has essentially become subcultures.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Upbeat electronica starts to play underneath, almost like muzak in its levity, its vague positivity.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Emmanuel Goldstein:</em></strong><em><span> Welcome to HOPE 2020.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Greg Newby:</em></strong><em><span> There’s so much going on over the nine days of Hackers on Planet Earth 2020.</span></em></p> <p><em><span>HOPE seeks to build a vibrant, supportive community of hackers, and you’re here. Welcome. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>There’s always somebody doing something really smart for the hacker halftime show or something. (Longoria laughs.)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Newby:</em></strong><em><span> We have a talent show, Hackers Got Talent!</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So I remember I was flipping through their sessions online. And it was just what you would expect at a hackers’ conference: privacy …</span></p> <p><strong><em>Presenter 1:</em></strong><em><span> Defending your system through binary recompilation.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Coding ...</span></p> <p><strong><em>Presenter 2: </em></strong><em><span>Resistance to the NSA-level global adversaries.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>The surveillance state. And then …</span></p> <p><strong><em>Presenter 3:</em></strong><em><span> I’m very happy to welcome Maggie Mayhem</span></em><span> o</span><em><span>n “Hackers in a Post–</span></em><span>Roe v. Wade</span><em><span> World.”</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music craps out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Randomly, out of nowhere, </span><em><span>abortion!</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Maggie Mayhem:</em></strong><em><span> I believe that abortion is information technology. So this is a talk that will be very frank about abortion in all kinds of contexts. So … (Fades under.)</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>New music enters, quiet and dreamy, an animal cry echoing in the distance under a bed of synthesizer chords.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>It was this session presented by a woman who called herself Maggie Mayhem, and she had this very riot-grrrl vibe: dark eyeliner, big earrings. And she was talking about the criminalization of abortion.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Mayhem:</em></strong><em><span> (Fading back up.) Since, right now, people are looking for self-managed abortion—but that can be a really scary thing to hear. Self- managed abortion. Isn’t that a back-alley abortion? Isn’t that the wire hanger that we’re all so afraid of? And, in this case …</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The animal music slowly fades out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>When I was growing up in the mid-’90s, the idea that I had was, when it came to abortion, it was either the clinic—and the clinic was safe and warm—or it’s the coat hanger, which is the back alley, which is what happens when abortion is restricted.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Mayhem:</em></strong><em><span> But it just may be that self-managed abortion is the solution we need until we can actually secure legal rights, and I’m going to reassure you on why it might be okay. </span></em></p> <p><em><span>There has always been a network of underground abortion. They eventually realized that abortion itself wasn’t maybe as complicated as they thought it had to be.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And she held up this thing I’d never seen before.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Mayhem:</em></strong><em><span> The equipment looks simple—basically a jar with tubes. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder:</strong><span> Which was, in essence, a DIY-abortion device from the early ’70s. </span></p> <p><span>It kind of looks like a home-brewing or science-fair project with these long, clear plastic tubes coming out. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Mayhem: </em></strong><em><span>And it was based completely off of what doctors at the time would have been using, and you can find activists who are providing care using these right now in the United States.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>I’d never heard of a device like that. And I wondered, </span><em><span>Where did this thing come from?</span></em><span> And I also wondered, </span><em><span>What does this mean, given that </span></em><span>Roe v. Wade</span><em><span> could be overturned in June? What does this mean now?</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A soft song, driven by a plucky bass run, emerges: a mechanical jungle of steam and tubes clinking and clunking in harmony.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Mississippi Solicitor General Scott Stewart</em></strong><strong>:</strong> <em><span>Mr. Chief Justice and may it please the court. </span></em><span>Roe v. Wade</span><em><span> and </span></em><span>Planned Parenthood v. Casey</span><em><span> haunt our country. They have no basis in the Constitution. They have no home in our history or traditions. They’ve damaged the democratic process. They poisoned the law. </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A beat. The music plays on.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Since before </span><em><span>Roe v. Wade</span></em><span> was decided, pro-abortion activists have used the cautionary tale of the coat hanger as an argument to make sure abortions are legal, safe, and accessible—inside doctor’s clinics. </span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>I think I still had the coat hanger and the clinic as—as poles in my brain when I started reporting this. But there have been people in this gray area, in the middle, who were working outside the medical establishment, but not using coat hangers [</span><em><span>Laughs.</span></em><span>] who were actually performing safe, respectful abortions. And I think that was really news to me. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The mechanical elements of the song are stripped away, leaving only aspirated chords sustaining below Longoria’s speech.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>This week on the show, while the country awaits a Supreme Court decision that could result in abortion being illegal in about half the country, reporter Jessica Bruder embeds in the abortion underground. </span></p> <p><span>I’m Julia Longoria. This is </span><em><span>The Experiment</span></em><span>, a show about our unfinished country. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The chords themselves disappear too, leaving only dialogue.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>So it sounds like Maggie Mayhem sent you down a bit of a rabbit hole. What did you learn about the history of abortion in our country?</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So to start, I hadn’t even heard about the quickening. Have you heard of the quickening? </span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>No.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>It sounds like a film title, doesn’t it? </span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>(</span><em><span>Laughs in recognition.</span></em><span>) Yes! </span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>But, you know, in the early days of America, when they were still following what had been British common law, when there weren’t disposable pregnancy tests around [</span><em><span>Both chuckle lightly.</span></em><span>] the idea was that there wasn’t anything that would be legally recognized or treated as a fetus until the woman felt the first fetal movement, which would be about four to five months into pregnancy. So that at the time that first kick comes, </span><em><span>then</span></em><span> there’s something going on. And until the quickening—</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Hmm.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>—it was perfectly legal for women to go out and pursue treatments, to“bring down the menses,” as they called it. So, early in the 19th century, you could go to a midwife, you could go to other traditional healers, and that was pretty uncontroversial. By mid-century, you’ve got newspapers with all these advertisements for things like Madame Drunette’s Lunar Pills. And some of those commercial preparations could kill you. So some of the first laws set up to regulate abortion were really poison-control measures aimed at those concoctions. </span></p> <p><span>They weren’t there to make some sort of moral point. They were there to keep people from drinking stuff that might kill them. </span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>So when did social attitudes toward abortion start to change?</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Sparse music, like puffs of air in a distant chamber, plays quietly under the conversation.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Yeah. So it was around the 1860s that there was this shift in how abortion patients were perceived. There was a lot of racism and nativism going on at the time, stoking fears about white women having fewer children than immigrants and people of color. [</span><em><span>Longoria exhales firmly.</span></em><span>]</span></p> <p><span>The anti-abortion leader Horatio Storer, who was running the anti-abortion campaign, I mean, he literally asked whether the West would be, quote, “filled by our own children or by those of aliens.” [</span><em><span>Longoria scoffs.</span></em><span>]</span></p> <p><span>And said, “This is a question our women must answer. Upon their loins depends the future destiny of the nation.”</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Wow.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And Horatio Storer led the campaign against abortion for the newly organized American Medical Association. </span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Wow. So the American Medical Association was organizing against abortion in this way.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Yeah.</span> <span>At the time, doctors—who were just about all male—weren’t the ones who were delivering babies or performing abortions. Midwives were. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music goes out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So the American Medical Association was trying to drive out competition, and they decided to campaign against abortion. And it worked. Within a generation, every single state had laws that criminalized or restricted abortion.  </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The flourish of a news-show intro, dramatic and horn-led, sounds the charge into the discussion of a hot topic.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Walter Cronkite:</em></strong><em><span> Good evening. Tonight, the subject of abortion: The illegal termination of pregnancy has reached epidemic proportions in this country. Abortion will continue to be a critical problem and, for those involved, may call for desperate decisions that result in dangerous medical complications. </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The horn is very quietly replaced with the low, ominous rumble of a timpani.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So basically when you have abortion becoming totally criminalized, it goes underground, which means some people are going to resort to really dangerous methods.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Cronkite:</em></strong><em><span> The facts are astonishing. Hundreds of thousands of pregnant women, unmindful of what may happen to them, secretly seek abortions.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Common causes of abortion deaths were poisoning, and there were also complications from people introducing a foreign instrument into the uterus—something like the proverbial coat hanger. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Cronkite:</em></strong><em><span> For them, there is a wide gulf between what the law commands and what they feel they must do.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music fades out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>By 1965, botched abortions accounted for one in five maternal deaths. </span></p> <p><span>So around that time, activists started organizing to make abortions safer. They knew how horrific they could be if they were done in the absence of good information and help, and they wanted to change that.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A keyboard line, solemn and interspersed with whirling, dizzying electronic sounds, creates an uncomfortable atmosphere.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Carol Downer:</em></strong><em><span> It’s a dignity and control-of-your-own-body issue. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So one of those activists was Carol Downer. Earlier this year, I went to L.A., and we ended up sitting on her porch and just chatting for hours. Today she’s 88 years old. But back when she was in her 30s, she had an abortion at an illegal clinic. This was in the early ’60s, and Carol had already had four children. She’d separated from her husband.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> What kind of method was used when you got an abortion?</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>The dilation and—and—</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> The D&C? </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>—curettage.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>One of the most popular methods until then was dilation and curettage, which involves essentially scraping out the uterine walls.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And I can tell you from my own personal experience, it was an incredibly painful procedure. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>It sounds excruciating!</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And she had a really bad experience. It was painful; it was traumatic. And that got her on the path of wanting to make abortion safer, more accessible, more humane. </span></p> <p><span>Although she didn’t really know where to start.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>I was a housewife. [Laughs twice, haltingly.] I had no way of connecting to activists, especially in the feminist movement—except the abortion committee!</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music ends.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>She joined the Abortion Committee of the National Organization of Women in L.A.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Because I had an abortion and I had children and I was very aware of what that was all about. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So, as part of an effort to educate herself, she started shadowing illegal-abortion providers.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And I was assigned an ex-military guy. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>This guy was a sexist pig if there ever was one. And I was really appalled at some of the equipment that he used. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mmm.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And these women were just trembling there, and he’s sitting back in his chair, you know, admiring their vulvas. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>(In disgust.) Ohh.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And just … I mean, it was just nasty. You know? It was really, really, bad. Now, we knew the abortion biz. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Yup.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>We knew you took who you could get! </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>But there was one abortion provider that Carol did feel she could learn something from. His name was Harvey Karman, and he was running an illegal-abortion clinic in L.A.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>It was right next door to the Christian Science Reading Room. (Laughs.)</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>What a trip! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And then—and I was brought up Christian science too, by the way. [laughs] </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Yeah, yeah! Yeah. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Now, the thing that was different about Harvey was that he had created a plastic cannula. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>The Karman cannula.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Which is essentially a straw that could be connected to a syringe for suction.  </span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>This suction device was in fact a great improvement, and much less pain and much less complications.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>It was a soft, plastic, flexible straw that could make a first-trimester abortion much less traumatic than some other methods.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Well, he had a name: the nontraumatic abortion.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>They called it a lunch-hour abortion because you could go in, get it done—safely—and then go back to what you’d been doing beforehand.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>I mean you can see the procedure that he’s doing. This is something we could learn! So that sparked us to start paying more attention and becoming even more hands-on—</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>—involved.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>The idea was “Why shouldn’t we know how to do that? Wouldn’t that give pregnant people more autonomy than having to rely on a male-dominated medical system?”</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>When we first started, there was no manufactured Karman cannula.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm. Okay. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Harvey made his own.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So, in 1971, a friend of Carol’s who was part of the same feminist group—Lorraine Rothman—borrowed one of Karman’s devices and tried to figure out how to make a version of her own. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>What she did was just make a tube and then take a little razor blade and notch it.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And, uh, there’s your cannula.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And built something they called the Del-Em, which was a mason jar, some aquarium tubing, a syringe to create a vacuum, and a cannula, which was what the person who was performing the abortion would carefully insert through the cervix—and essentially just created this device that could be used to safely empty the uterus. And they showed hundreds of women how to have safe, successful abortions in that way. </span></p> <p><span>The Del-Em is the same device I first saw at the hackers’ conference with Maggie Mayhem.</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>What does </span><em><span>Del-Em</span></em><span> stand for?</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Yeah. Well, in the beginning they called it just a menstrual-extraction kit, which gave it, this, you know, plausible deniability. Because the idea is “Well, we don’t know if we’re pregnant; we want to get our periods over with in, you know, a half an hour, rather than several days.” That way, if they ever got accused of performing abortions, it could be “Well, we didn’t know.”</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Hmm.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So they did demonstrations, and a lot of it went over quite well, but then they met one doctor at a clinic who was just hostile to the whole idea of it and referred to what they were showing her as a “dirty little machine.” [</span><em><span>Longoria exhales.</span></em><span>]</span></p> <p><span>And kind of turned her nose up at it as in, like, [</span><em><span>Assuming a haughty voice.</span></em><span>] “How do you clean that dirty little machine?” [</span><em><span>Longoria laughs lightly.</span></em><span>]</span></p> <p><span>And, uh, apparently it really cracked up these feminists. So they turned it around, decided to reclaim that, and, among themselves, started calling it, uh, the “Dirty Little Machine” as an in-joke. They shortened that to DLM, and then that became Del-Em. </span></p> <p><span>Much later, they ended up pretty much disowning the idea that Del-Em ever stood for Dirty Little Machine, because they wanted to be taken seriously. It had been this really sassy way of asserting themselves to—to call it that. And at this point, they just wanted people to know that they knew how to create a sterile environment—that when it came to hygiene, they meant business. </span></p> <p><span>Later, I’m told, Lorraine Rothman went on to tell people that Del-Em stood for “deliberate emptying of the menses.”</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Funky plunky music plays over a persistent beat.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So Carol and Lorraine basically took it on tour. They called themselves the West Coast Sisters. They hopped on a Greyhound bus and, over the course of six weeks, went to 23 cities around the country, giving people speculums. Uh, if you’ve ever been to a gynecologist, you know that’s the tool that opens up access to the cervix. And they showed people how to use the Del-Em.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>I remember, at the abortion demonstration—</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>—these women were just absolutely pullin’ away in a bad way. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Oh!  </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Well, it’s coat-hanger abortions, right? That’s all that’s in their mind! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Wow.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>And they were getting green around the gills. I was afraid the couple of them were gonna faint. So I said, “Well, maybe this will help!” And I took the speculum, found a desk in the adjoining alcove, and invited people to come over and look at my cervix.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Showing them how, once you can access your cervix, you can do something like a menstrual extraction.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Absolutely. They were enthralled.  </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music stops abruptly.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>What we did was great because of our process.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder:</strong><span> And the idea was that you would have a group of people who knew each other well and who were there for each other just to make the whole experience more communal, less traumatic. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Another news flourish, this one a little more serious and less dramatic.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>NBC’s Garrick Utley:</em></strong><em><span> Another major story today, aside from the death of Lyndon Johnson, and the hopes for peace in Vietnam, is the decision of the United States Supreme Court. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And then, in 1973 … </span></p> <p><strong><em>ABC’s Howard K. Smith:</em></strong><em><span> The Supreme Court today ruled that abortion is completely a private matter to be decided by a mother and doctor in the first three months of pregnancy. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>NBC’s Betty Rollin:</em></strong><em><span> The freedom to have an abortion is now legal in every state. The basic legal fight is in effect over.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A beat, back to Bruder and Downer.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>So, when the Supreme Court legalized abortion across the country in 1973, it would have stood to reason that the Del-Em would disappear, right? I mean, nobody needs this anymore. Why keep that mason jar and aquarium tubing in your closet if, uh, no one’s ever going to need it? </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>Well, we didn’t expect patriarchy to give up. Um, we didn’t have any illusions that it—</span></em><span>Roe v. Wade</span><em><span>—would bring it. </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A rush of wind, a trilling succession of notes rising and falling, and a sporadically plucked guitar all come together to create a sense of movement: down, up, somewhere new.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Downer: </em></strong><em><span>I think we all thought it would get turned around sooner. We didn’t think it was much of a law in the first place. And we thought abortion should not be governed by the law, period. </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The sound of waves and beach atmosphere enter.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> (Laughter fades up.) I’ve never done this on a beach before! </span></em></p> <p><em><span>Yeah, so I brought a bunch of stuff. Um, we have, like, aquarium tubing … </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Instead, the Del-Em got handed down from generation to generation.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Uh-huh.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> But then the way you make it is very simple. Um …</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Which is how, a few months ago, I ended up on a beach in California learning how to build one.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> And then you wanna take the syringe [The sounds of a syringe being moved around.] and attach it to this side.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And it’s funny; I started thinking about the Del-Em as almost a bellwether for the level of abortion anxiety in America.</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Huh.</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Like, whenever it looks like something might happen to </span><em><span>Roe</span></em><span>, you see the Del-Em kind of creeping back into the press.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> The last thing to do is attach the cannula, which you wouldn’t do until you’re ready to use it. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Mhm! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> And then that’s it! Like, you’ve done it.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music, now driven by whistles, a wash of sound, and a new plucked and synthesized string line, gives a beachy feel.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>After the break, the bellwether for abortion anxiety returns.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music ends. The break.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The episode resumes with a hit of riot-grrrl electric guitar.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria:</strong><span> I’m Julia Longoria. This is </span><em><span>The Experiment</span></em><span>. </span></p> <p><span>Reporter Jessica Bruder stumbled upon an abortion underground: a group of activists who, for decades, have tried to take abortion out of the hands of lawmakers and empower people to take control of their own care. </span></p> <p><span>In the 1970s, some activists did this work with a device called the Del-Em. And today—as various states pass laws around the country to further restrict and ban abortion—the Del-Em is back. </span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So when I was trying to learn more about the Del-Em, I was referred to this woman who I will call Ellie. She’s got her own business in reproductive health. </span></p> <p><span>So I went out and met her, and she was just getting over COVID. </span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Hm. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Drum hits play emptily in the background.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And she was also concerned about having me over to her place. She just didn’t want anything to be traceable, because she worried about harassment or even violence from anti-abortion extremists. So we ended up in this really strange situation where we were sitting on a beach.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The waves fade back in. With them comes a looping guitar line, hushed by almost static, but bright and carefree, beachy.)</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> (Laughs.) Wouldn’t be my ideal location to start! </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>It was like she was laying out this unusual picnic, because there we are on the beach; you know, maybe 10 yards away, there’s two teenagers practicing volleyball, there are people walking their dogs, there are pelicans.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Seagulls cry over the music, as if flying away.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> It’s cold; I’m freezing! </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And it’s really windy, and we’re sitting there, and she, um, starts showing me how to build a Del-Em.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> Yeah! So I brought a bunch of stuff.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Just on a couple of towels in the sand.</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Hmm.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Wow! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> But then the way you make it is very simple.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And to make it a little more clear on how it works … </span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> I bet we could do it with the coffee here, if we tried, like … </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>She had a cup of coffee, and she decanted some into a jar and then stuck the cannula in …</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> Very scientific. (Laughter.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And basically pulled the syringe and suddenly … </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A loud slurping sound.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> There you go! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Whoa! </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie: </em></strong><em><span>Yeah.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>She’s, you know, extracting the coffee, and it’s collecting in the device, and I was just watching it happen.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>More of the slurping sound.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Wow.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie: </em></strong><em><span>Yeah! And that’s how that would work. (Fades under.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>Hm. And what was going through your head, sitting on this beach, watching coffee get slurped up by a Del-Em? </span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>It was really, really odd. I mean, here we are, in the middle of the pandemic, using this homemade abortion device from the ’70s. I mean, it did make me wonder what reality [</span><em><span>Starting to laugh.</span></em><span>] I’d ended up in a little bit! (</span><em><span>Longoria chuckles.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> And I think whether or not this is something that someone uses, just knowing that there are options in the world and that the people who came before you had other ways of managing these things. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder: </em></strong><em><span>Sure.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie: </em></strong><em><span>That has always made me feel less lonely or, like, less despondent. (Fades under.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So the idea of the Del-Em, for Ellie, was almost this symbol.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie:</em></strong><em><span> Again, are these, like, the most effective methods? Are these the best methods? Not necessarily.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>So, you know, Ellie was telling me that, while this is pretty safe, it’s not what she would want to use. And, you know, I did talk to a doctor who’s also a researcher and professor at Stanford to ask about all this, and he assured me that the Del-Em is safe and essentially said that abortions aren’t rocket science. It’s not that different from manual vacuum-aspiration kits that are mass-produced, that are used in doctor’s offices, and that, frankly, some activists were telling me they had ordered online. Maggie Mayhem said she picked up a couple on Amazon, even though they’re not available there anymore. </span></p> <p><span>So the Del-Em, in a lot of ways, is a relic from the past. And I wanted to get up to speed. I wanted to find out about [</span><em><span>A phone rings.</span></em><span>]</span> <span>the other methods that are out there. What methods are the abortion underground today—what are they rallying around?</span></p> <p><strong><em>Voicemail:</em></strong><em><span> (As a phone rings.) Your call has been forwarded to an automatic voice-message system … (Fades under.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>But as you might imagine, it’s really difficult to get people to talk about this stuff.  </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A percussion line begins to play.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Voicemail:</em></strong><em><span> When you have finished recording, hang up or press </span></em><span>1</span><em><span> for more options.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>People don’t trust you right away. And nor should they. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Sporadic guitar notes resonate out over the percussion line, weird and mysterious.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Eventually, one person recommends you to another, recommends you to another.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Hello? Hello?</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Maggie Mayhem:</em></strong><em><span> Hello, hello! </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>They want to make sure you can protect them.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Anonymous:</em></strong><em><span> What we’re doing is somewhere on the spectrum of, like, straight-up, really illegal to somewhere in a gray area.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Ellie: </em></strong><em><span>We live in a country where doctors have been killed because they provide abortions.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And a lot of them knew each other. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Anonymous:</em></strong><em><span> So if I do bring you in and provide information about what we’re doing and how we’re doing it, I’m gonna need to remain anonymous.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And what I saw was that people were getting really creative about getting around abortion restrictions. One of the most interesting examples of that came from this group called Abortion Delivered that ended up driving around, offering a sort of “abortion on wheels”–type delivery service.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Angela: </em></strong><em><span>In the abortion world, it’s always been this thing that folks have considered and jokingly said, “When I retire, I’m going to have a mobile clinic. And, um …” (Fades under.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And when something popped up involving vans, I was fascinated.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Angela:</em></strong><em><span> We would be in one town for, you know, 20 minutes.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And then they’d be gone.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Angela:</em></strong><em><span> So we’ve seen 1,300 patients. We started in Minnesota, um—really focused on rural areas, because there’s so few providers in Minnesota.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A wash of sound for a moment, soothing and ethereal.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Angela: </em></strong><em><span>Then we started seeing folks coming over from the Dakotas: North Dakota, South Dakota. Also Wisconsin, uh, Iowa. Everyone was crossing over to be able to get the medication.</span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The wash fades to nothing.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>There’s something very </span><em><span>Road Warrior</span></em><span> [</span><em><span>Longoria laughs.</span></em><span>], almost </span><em><span>Mad Max</span></em><span> or </span><em><span>Station Eleven</span></em><span> about it. So the group went on, and when I spoke with them, they were in the process of bulletproofing a couple of vans to send to just outside the Texas border.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Literally bulletproofed?</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Angela: </em></strong><em><span>Yes. Yes. Yes. </span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Ahh! I wish that were able to be a euphemism in these strange times!</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Angela:</em></strong><em><span> (Laughs.) I know. I know.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>They’re worried about being so close to an open-carry, gun-enthusiastic, abortion-hostile state, doing what they’re doing.</span></p> <p><strong><em>Angela:</em></strong><em><span> As they try to restrict things, that will just make us push harder to open things up.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> How does it all change if </span></em><span>Roe</span><em><span> just gets completely upended? </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A beat.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Angela:</em></strong><em><span> If </span></em><span>Roe</span><em><span> gets upended, we will just be driving up and down the borders. </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Dreamy atmospheric music enters, lush and soft like a fuzzy blanket underneath Bruder’s reporting.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And while some people are taking these sort of complex measures, from the Del-Em to the vans, one of the newest and most accessible self-managed options right now is actually pretty simple, even though a lot of people still haven’t heard of it. And that is abortion pills. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music fades out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>One of them is called mifepristone, which the FDA approved back in 2000. And the other is misoprostol, which women in Brazil in the 1980s realized could be used for early-stage abortions. There was a label on the side of this medication that said you shouldn’t take it if you’re pregnant, because it could cause violent uterine contractions. So people began using it off-label to have abortions. And the medical establishment has followed their lead on that. So we’ve reached a point where more than half of all legal abortions in the U.S. are done with a method that uses both of these drugs. But now …</span></p> <p><strong><em>Texas Governor Greg Abbott:</em></strong><em><span> (Booming over a loudspeaker, over applause.) Mail-order abortion drugs are now prohibited in the state of Texas.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>We’re in a situation where 19 states have already made it illegal for doctors to prescribe the pills via telemedicine or for anyone to send them by mail. </span></p> <p><strong><em>WLKY’s Mark Vanderhoff:</em></strong><em><span> There’s a battle over whether people should be able to order the so-called abortion pill online in Kentucky. </span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And nine additional states are considering similar bills.</span></p> <p><strong><em>KCRG’s Jay Greene:</em></strong><em><span> Iowa House Republicans have passed a bill which would ban mailing abortion pills. (Fades under and out.)</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>In Iowa, there’s a bill that would make distributing abortion pills—even if you’re a doctor—punishable by up to 10 years in prison. All of this is why people in the abortion underground are now hyper-focused on the pill and making it accessible. I learned about one international nonprofit called Aid Access that delivers abortion medication to all 50 states. And they can’t be prosecuted for it, because they’re actually located overseas. But I wanted to understand </span><em><span>how</span></em><span> people are sharing information about the pills. </span></p> <p><span>So I got introduced to this activist named Susan Yanow.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A loop of light synthesizer notes plays over what sound like weighty puffs of air—the sound of a court held in the clouds, perhaps, somber and surreal at once.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong><em>Susan Yanow:</em></strong><em><span> I’m really happy that more and more people are coming into this space—</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Bruder:</em></strong><em><span> Mhm.</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Yanow: </em></strong><em><span>—and understanding the potential of abortion pills.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And she let me sit in on one of her Zoom seminars, and she basically talks to people about how they can access and then use abortion pills without supervision by a doctor. </span></p> <p><strong><em>Yanow:</em></strong><em><span> And it’s, you know, not just the stigma, but the—the fear of the medical establishment to trust that we can do this by ourselves.</span></em></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And I just remember, before the class, she instructed us all to go out and get Skittles and M&Ms, and I’m thinking, </span><em><span>All right, I’m trick-or-treating for abortion here. What is going on?</span></em></p> <p><strong><em>Yanow:</em></strong><em><span> Because it’s mifepristone and misoprostol—I mean, it’s M&M! </span></em></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The music fades out.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>And she actually had us tuck four M&Ms into what you call the buccal cavity, which is that little pocket between your cheek and your gums, and you’re supposed to sit with them for 30 minutes, which, uh … I know I didn’t make it. I mean, I really like M&Ms, right? So I was not going to just sit with them there in my mouth. [</span><em><span>Laughs.</span></em><span>] </span></p> <p><span>That’s like giving a squirrel a peanut and saying, “Hang on to that, buddy.” Um, good luck there! So, um, but with the—with the pills, what I think a lot of people don’t realize is, even if you do go to the doctor, the doctor has you take the first pill and sends you home with the rest of the pills. So you’re monitoring yourself for any complications. So this is essentially self-managing abortions anyway, right? I mean, it’s more regulated. So when we talk about the future, essentially, we’re already there.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>A beat.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>What are the risks of going the self-managed route without a doctor?</span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>I think the idea of self-management isn’t, uh, this almost rugged American individualism, you know. [</span><em><span>Longoria laughs lightly.</span></em><span>]</span> <span>You cowboy up and you go out into the wilderness and you induce your abortion and then you come back. [</span><em><span>Longoria laughs more heartily. Bruder has a lightness in her voice at the idea, too.</span></em><span>]</span><strong> </strong></p> <p><span>Like it’s not—it’s not that at all! I mean, it’s—the idea is, you know, you make sure that you’ve got people who are close to you, who are around, who know what you’re doing. You make sure you’re close to a hospital in case something goes wrong. </span></p> <p><span>One of the interesting things, though, was, there are some places where people have gotten in trouble when they went to the doctor, after people found out that they used abortion pills for various reasons. So if somebody goes to the emergency room, activists—and others—recommend that they say, “I’m having a miscarriage.” And clinically they would treat you the same way anyway. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>Through a haze, a kind of lo-fi, chill beat-and-keyboard mix plays up. A rapid arpeggio of bright synthesizer notes trills up and down.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Longoria: </strong><span>So, taking a step back for a minute, it seems like you came upon this story almost by accident. And then, as you’ve been reporting this, we’re still waiting for a decision from the Supreme Court; we’ve seen new abortion restrictions crop up from several states in the last few months. I wonder what it’s felt like for you, working on this story as the story is unfolding. </span></p> <p><strong>Bruder: </strong><span>Uh, it’s been intense watching all of these restrictions snowballing in real time. In Florida, they just signed a 15-week abortion ban into law. We have Oklahoma and Kentucky where abortion has now been effectively banned. So it’s really coming to a head. And after talking to people who’ve seen this coming for such a long time, and who really were willing to risk their lives and their freedom to help people get abortions, it was interesting to me because I think I thought we were in a place where that wasn’t needed in the same way anymore. And what I learned was that the abortion underground never really went away. </span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>The arpeggio continues over the rest of the music. Eventually, the whistle from earlier in the episode plays back up.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><strong>Alyssa Edes: </strong><span>This episode of </span><em><span>The Experiment</span></em><span> was produced by Gabrielle Berbey and me, Alyssa Edes, with help from Salman Ahad Khan. Editing by Michael May. Reporting by Jessica Bruder. </span></p> <p><span>You can read Jessica Bruder’s full article “A Covert Network of Activists Is Preparing for the End of </span><em><span>Roe</span></em><span>” on our website,</span><a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/experiment"> <span>www.theatlantic.com/experiment</span></a><span>.</span></p> <p><span>Fact-check by Michelle Ciarrocca and Yvonne Kim. Sound design by Joe Plourde with additional engineering by Jennifer Munson.</span></p> <p><span>Music by Tasty Morsels and Joe Plourde. </span></p> <p><span>Our team also includes Peter Bresnan, Tracie Hunte, Emily Botein, Jenny Lawton, and Natalia Ramirez.</span></p> <p><span>If you enjoyed today’s episode, please take the time to rate and review us on Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen.</span></p> <p><em><span>The Experiment</span></em><span> is a co-production of</span><em><span> The Atlantic</span></em><span> and WNYC Studios. Thanks for listening.</span></p> <p><span>(</span><em><span>As the song fades out, humming enters, combining into an eventual quiet.</span></em><span>)</span></p> <p><span>Copyright © 2022 The Atlantic and New York Public Radio. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use at www.wnyc.org for further information.</span></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="ember65038228" class="story-credits ember-view"> <div class="story-credits__appearance-credits"> <div class="appearance-credit"> Produced by <a href="/people/edes/">Alyssa Edes</a> and <a href="/people/gabrielle-berbey/">Gabrielle Berbey</a> </div>  <div class="appearance-credit"> Hosted by <a href="/people/julia-longoria/">Julia Longoria</a> </div>   </div>  <div class="story-credits__producing-org-credits producing-org-credits"> <div class="producing-org-credits__logos">  <a href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/" title="WNYC Studios"><img alt="WNYC Studios" src="https://media.wnyc.org/i/216/116/l/85/1/dark_at_2x.png" class="producing-org-credits__logo-image"></a> </div> <div class="producing-org-credits__links"> Produced by <a href="" target="_blank" class="link link--dark">The Atlantic</a> and <a href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/" target="_blank" class="link link--dark">WNYC Studios</a> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main>  <div class="newletter-unit-empty--story-page"> </div> <footer id="ember65038236" class="studios-footer--story-page studios-footer ember-view"> <div id="ember65038237" class="studios-footer__group ember-view"> <div id="ember65038238" class="studios-footer__social ember-view"> <span class="studios-footer__social-title">Follow WNYC Studios</span> <ul id="ember65038239" class="social-iconlist ember-view"> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/WNYCStudios/" target="_blank" title="Follow the show on facebook" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038240" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on twitter" href="https://twitter.com/WNYCStudios" target="_blank" title="Follow the show on twitter" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038241" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> <li class="social-iconlist__item"> <a data-action="Follow" data-label="Follow WNYC Studios on instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/wnycstudios/" target="_blank" title="Follow the show on instagram" class="social-iconlist__link gtm__click-tracking"><svg viewbox="0 0 448 512" id="ember65038242" class="svg-inline--fa ember-view"> </svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="ember65038243" class="studios-footer__group ember-view"> <div id="ember65038244" class="studios-footer__producing-orgs ember-view"> Produced by The Atlantic and WNYC Studios </div> <div id="ember65038247" class="studios-footer__copyright ember-view"> 漏 2025 WNYC Studios </div> </div> </footer> </div></div><script type="x/boundary" id="fastboot-body-end"></script> <script src="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/vendor-9d5a62ff7b706692c55b8dfa95ff3bde.js"></script> <script src="https://static.wnycstudios.org/assets/wnyc-studios-web-client-a6d6255ee0b6ab87623c73661f61b043.js"></script> </body> </html>