Oil-to-Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers : Center for Global Development : Initiatives: Active

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Countries rich in extractable natural resources, especially oil, often suffer from high poverty, frequent conflict, crummy governance, and endemic corruption. Current policy prescriptions for countries hoping to evade the curse often fall short, partly because they do not address the internal political economy effects of the massive unearned income—the so-called “rents”—generated by natural resource extraction. When governments can survive on natural resource rents, they do not need to tax their citizens. In turn, citizens do not expect or demand public services, clean government, or even basic accountability. </p> <div> <div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 7px; margin-top: 7px; float: right;"> <div id="oil_links" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); margin: 6px; padding: 6px; width: 250px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> <h3>Oil-to-Cash Paper Series</h3> <h4>Summary Paper</h4> <ul> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424714/">Oil-to-Cash Proposal</a></li> </ul> <h4>Thematic Studies:</h4> <ul> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424574">Politics of Direct Distribution</a></li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425165/">Biometric ID and Mobile Money</a></li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/Final_Formatted_Monk_and_Dixon_SWF_10.11.pdf">Sovereign Wealth Funds</a> </li> <li style="font-size:12px;"><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822">Taxation and Accountability </a></li> </ul> <h4>Case Studies:</h4> <ul> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422981/">Ghana</a> </li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425327/">Uganda</a></li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425433/">Iraq</a> </li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/Gillies_Sayne_Niger_Delta_Final_Draft_Formatted_10.11.pdf">Niger Delta</a> </li> <li><a style="color:#035781;font-size:12px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/EG_Goldman_Formatted_Version_Final.pdf ">Equatorial Guinea</a> </li> <li style="font-size:12px;">Sierra Leone (forthcoming)</li> <li style="font-size:12px;">Venezuela (forthcoming)</li> </ul> <h4>Case Studies from Revenue Watch:</h4> <ul> <li style="font-size:12px;">Bolivia (forthcoming)</li> <li style="font-size:12px;">Timor-Leste (forthcoming)</li> <li style="font-size:12px;">Alaska (forthcoming)</li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>CGD is expanding work on one policy option that may address the root of the resource curse and help to foster a social contract in resource-rich countries: direct distribution of revenues. Under this proposal, a government would transfer some or all of the revenue from natural resource extraction to citizens in a universal, transparent, and regular payment. Having put this money in the hands of its citizens, the state would treat it like normal income and tax it accordingly—thus forcing the state to collect taxes and fueling public demand for the government to be transparent and accountable in its management of natural resource revenues and in the delivery of public services.</p> <p>CGD has a long history of work on the resource curse, and has been exploring the idea of direct distribution. Senior fellow <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423702">Alan Gelb</a> was one of the first authors to analyze the political economy effects of rents in his 1988 book, <em>Oil Windfalls: Blessing or Curse?</em><em> </em>Senior fellow <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/12989">Arvind Subramanian</a> has proposed <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://ideas.repec.org/p/imf/imfwpa/03-139.html">direct distribution for Nigeria</a>, and President <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483">Nancy Birdsall</a> and Subramanian made <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/opinion/detail/2993/">a case for the policy in Iraq</a>. Senior fellow <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2713">Todd Moss</a> in 2009 proposed that <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422981/">Ghana set up a system for direct distribution</a> ahead of the oil revenues, and continues to oversee the initiative. </p> <p>This new CGD initiative brings together Birdsall, Gelb, Moss, and Subramanian to explore the conceptual and practical questions of piloting direct distribution: Where might such a scheme make sense? What conditions might be necessary for success? Who might be the winners and losers? How would it be distributed? What new technologies could be employed?</p> </body> </html> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="tabbed-navigation"> <div class="tabs"> <span class="tab newest active" rel="newest" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'newest');">Newest</span> <span class="tab popular" rel="popular" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'popular');">Popular</span> <span class="tab" rel="experts" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'experts');">Experts</span> <span class="tab" rel="publications" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'publications');">Publications</span> <span class="tab" rel="events" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'events');">Events</span> <span class="tab" rel="multimedia" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'multimedia');">Multimedia</span> <span class="tab" rel="selected_works" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('initiative_page', 'tab click', 'selected_works');">Selected Works</span> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="tab-box newest active"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425822_image_Devarajan_Direct_redistribution.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822">Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies: A Proposal - Working Paper 281</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 20, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>To enhance efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, this paper proposes that some of the oil revenues be transferred directly to citizens, and then taxed to finance public expenditures. The argument is that spending that is financed by taxation—rather than by resource revenues...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425695_image_Capture_moss.PNG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425695"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2011/11/21/implications-of-ghana%e2%80%99s-new-middle-income-status-%e2%80%93-todd-moss/">Implications of Ghana’s New Middle Income Status – Todd Moss</a></a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 21, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p> Ghana’s recent recalculation of its GDP led to an overnight $500 per capita jump, putting in motion unexpectedly rapid graduation from the International Development Association (IDA) and ultimately a new relationship with the World Bank. In this week’s Wonkcast, I speak with Todd Moss,...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425621_image_Johnny_West.PNG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425621">Iraq’s Last Chance to Beat the Oil Curse: Lessons for the Arab Spring (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 7, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The Arab Spring has grabbed the world’s attention, yet Iraq—the Arab country that not long ago was the very epicenter of American foreign policy—has almost entirely fallen off the front pages. While Iraq’s security has improved greatly, the country is still struggling to consolidate a...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425436_image_Articles_johnny_west_on_the_arab_spring.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425436"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2011/09/12/oil-2-cash-in-iraq-johnny-west/">Oil 2 Cash in Iraq: Johnny West</a></a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Johnny West is a man of many talents. An expert on oil, civil society, and governance in the Middle East who works as an advisor to the UNDP, he is fluent in Arabic, spent more than two decades in the Middle East as a journalist for Reuters, and has just published a highly readable book...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425433_image_West_Iraq_oil.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425433">Iraq’s Last Window: Diffusing the Risks of a Petro-State - Working Paper 266</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Johnny West describes how an oil-dividend program could be structured by, for example, taking advantage of Iraq’s existing rationing system, ubiquitous mobile phone networks, and new biometric ID cards.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425327_image_Oil_for_Uganda_or_Ugandans.png&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425327">Oil for Uganda – or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse? - Working Paper 261</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 26, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Uganda has sought to finance its development agenda with oil since discovering the resource in its Albertine Lakes Basin in 2009. This paper considers alternative methods for distributing the rents from oil that mitigate some of the governance risks associated with natural resource revenues.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425165_image_Gelb_Decker_Biometrics.JPG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425165">Cash at Your Fingertips: Biometric Technology for Transfers in Developing and Resource-Rich Countries - Working Paper 253</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 2, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This paper surveys the arguments for and against cash-transfer programs in resource-rich states, discusses some of the new biometric identification technologies, and reaches preliminary conclusions about their potentially very large benefits for developing countries.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424714_image_Moss_oil_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424714">Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers - Working Paper 237</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Todd Moss proposes that countries seeking to manage new natural resource wealth should consider distributing income directly to citizens as cash transfers. Beyond serving as a powerful and proven policy intervention, cash transfers may also mitigate the corrosive effect natural resource revenue...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424574_image_gillies.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424574">Giving Money Away? The Politics of Direct Distribution in Resource-Rich States - Working Paper 231</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 5, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In this paper Gillies discusses the political feasibility and political implications of cash transfers in the specific context of resource-rich states.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424429_image_gelb_170.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1424429"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/09/14/can-oil-money-be-spent-well-alan-gelb-on-resource-revenues-and-development/">Can Oil Money Be Spent Well? Alan Gelb on Resource Revenues and Development.</a></a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 14, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Many developing countries have found that large deposits of oil or other natural resources are more a curse than a blessing. My guest on this week's Wonkcast is Alan Gelb, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development. Together with co-author Sina Grassman, Alan has written a paper that...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <ul> </div> <div class="tab-box popular"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425822_image_Devarajan_Direct_redistribution.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822">Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies: A Proposal - Working Paper 281</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 20, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>To enhance efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, this paper proposes that some of the oil revenues be transferred directly to citizens, and then taxed to finance public expenditures. The argument is that spending that is financed by taxation—rather than by resource revenues...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424714_image_Moss_oil_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424714">Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers - Working Paper 237</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Todd Moss proposes that countries seeking to manage new natural resource wealth should consider distributing income directly to citizens as cash transfers. Beyond serving as a powerful and proven policy intervention, cash transfers may also mitigate the corrosive effect natural resource revenue...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425327_image_Oil_for_Uganda_or_Ugandans.png&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425327">Oil for Uganda – or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse? - Working Paper 261</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 26, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Uganda has sought to finance its development agenda with oil since discovering the resource in its Albertine Lakes Basin in 2009. This paper considers alternative methods for distributing the rents from oil that mitigate some of the governance risks associated with natural resource revenues.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425433_image_West_Iraq_oil.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425433">Iraq’s Last Window: Diffusing the Risks of a Petro-State - Working Paper 266</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Johnny West describes how an oil-dividend program could be structured by, for example, taking advantage of Iraq’s existing rationing system, ubiquitous mobile phone networks, and new biometric ID cards.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422981.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422981">Saving Ghana from Its Oil: The Case for Direct Cash Distribution - Working Paper 186</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 19, 2009</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>CGD vice president and senior fellow Todd Moss and reasearch assistant Lauren Young propose direct cash distribution of Ghana's oil profits to help the country avoid the natural resource curse. One positive effect of the plan would be to strenghten democratic pressure on the government to be good...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425165_image_Gelb_Decker_Biometrics.JPG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425165">Cash at Your Fingertips: Biometric Technology for Transfers in Developing and Resource-Rich Countries - Working Paper 253</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 2, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This paper surveys the arguments for and against cash-transfer programs in resource-rich states, discusses some of the new biometric identification technologies, and reaches preliminary conclusions about their potentially very large benefits for developing countries.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424574_image_gillies.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424574">Giving Money Away? The Politics of Direct Distribution in Resource-Rich States - Working Paper 231</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 5, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In this paper Gillies discusses the political feasibility and political implications of cash transfers in the specific context of resource-rich states.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424356_image_Gelb_Grasmann_cover_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424356">How Should Oil Exporters Spend Their Rents? - Working Paper 221</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 10, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This paper argues for approaches that increase public understanding of the need for prudent spending of oil revenues in booms, and for comprehensive consideration of a range of options for using rents. Drawing on the experience of a few successful countries, it points to a number of common factors...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422985.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422985">An Idea to Avoid the Oil Curse: Direct Cash Distribution</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 19, 2009</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>CGD vice president and senior fellow Todd Moss explains the benefits to democracy and development of direct cash disbursement of Ghana's forthcoming oil revenue.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425621_image_Johnny_West.PNG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425621">Iraq’s Last Chance to Beat the Oil Curse: Lessons for the Arab Spring (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 7, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The Arab Spring has grabbed the world’s attention, yet Iraq—the Arab country that not long ago was the very epicenter of American foreign policy—has almost entirely fallen off the front pages. While Iraq’s security has improved greatly, the country is still struggling to consolidate a...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box experts"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483/">Nancy Birdsall</a>, President <div><p>An internationally recognized expert on the impact of rich-country policies on poor people in developing countries, Nancy Birdsall is the author, co-author, or editor of more than a dozen books and over 100 articles in scholarly journals and monographs, published in English and Spanish. She is the...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423702_file_gelb_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423702/">Alan Gelb</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>Alan’s recent research includes aid and development outcomes, the transition from planned to market economies, and the special development challenges of resource-rich countries. He was previously director of development policy at the World Bank and chief economist for the Bank’s Africa region.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2713_file_moss_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2713/">Todd Moss</a>, Vice President for Programs and Senior Fellow <div><p>Todd Moss works on U.S.-Africa relations and financial issues facing sub-Saharan Africa, including policies that affect private capital flows, natural resource management, debt, and aid. Todd oversees the Center’s fundraising efforts and relations with external partners.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/12989_file_subramanian_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/12989/">Arvind Subramanian</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>Arvind Subramanian’s current work focuses on the economics of climate change and the ascendancy of China. His latest book is Eclipse: Living in the Shadow of China's Economic Dominance. He is a joint senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box publications"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425822_image_Devarajan_Direct_redistribution.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425822/">Direct Redistribution, Taxation, and Accountability in Oil-Rich Economies: A Proposal - Working Paper 281</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 20, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> To enhance efficiency of public spending in oil-rich economies, this paper proposes that some of the oil revenues be transferred directly to citizens, and then taxed to finance public expenditures. The argument is that spending that is financed by taxation—rather than by resource revenues... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425433_image_West_Iraq_oil.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425433/">Iraq’s Last Window: Diffusing the Risks of a Petro-State - Working Paper 266</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Johnny West describes how an oil-dividend program could be structured by, for example, taking advantage of Iraq’s existing rationing system, ubiquitous mobile phone networks, and new biometric ID cards. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425327_image_Oil_for_Uganda_or_Ugandans.png&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425327/">Oil for Uganda – or Ugandans? Can Cash Transfers Prevent the Resource Curse? - Working Paper 261</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 26, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Uganda has sought to finance its development agenda with oil since discovering the resource in its Albertine Lakes Basin in 2009. This paper considers alternative methods for distributing the rents from oil that mitigate some of the governance risks associated with natural resource revenues. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425165_image_Gelb_Decker_Biometrics.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425165/">Cash at Your Fingertips: Biometric Technology for Transfers in Developing and Resource-Rich Countries - Working Paper 253</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 2, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper surveys the arguments for and against cash-transfer programs in resource-rich states, discusses some of the new biometric identification technologies, and reaches preliminary conclusions about their potentially very large benefits for developing countries. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424714_image_Moss_oil_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424714/">Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers - Working Paper 237</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Todd Moss proposes that countries seeking to manage new natural resource wealth should consider distributing income directly to citizens as cash transfers. Beyond serving as a powerful and proven policy intervention, cash transfers may also mitigate the corrosive effect natural resource revenue... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424574_image_gillies.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424574/">Giving Money Away? The Politics of Direct Distribution in Resource-Rich States - Working Paper 231</a> <span class="item-date"> - Nov 5, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this paper Gillies discusses the political feasibility and political implications of cash transfers in the specific context of resource-rich states. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424356_image_Gelb_Grasmann_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424356/">How Should Oil Exporters Spend Their Rents? - Working Paper 221</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 10, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper argues for approaches that increase public understanding of the need for prudent spending of oil revenues in booms, and for comprehensive consideration of a range of options for using rents. Drawing on the experience of a few successful countries, it points to a number of common factors... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422985.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422985/">An Idea to Avoid the Oil Curse: Direct Cash Distribution</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 19, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> CGD vice president and senior fellow Todd Moss explains the benefits to democracy and development of direct cash disbursement of Ghana's forthcoming oil revenue. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422981.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422981/">Saving Ghana from Its Oil: The Case for Direct Cash Distribution - Working Paper 186</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 19, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> CGD vice president and senior fellow Todd Moss and reasearch assistant Lauren Young propose direct cash distribution of Ghana's oil profits to help the country avoid the natural resource curse. One positive effect of the plan would be to strenghten democratic pressure on the government to be good... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box events"> There are no events related to this initiative. </div> <div class="tab-box multimedia"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425695_image_Capture_moss.PNG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425695/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2011/11/21/implications-of-ghana%e2%80%99s-new-middle-income-status-%e2%80%93-todd-moss/">Implications of Ghana’s New Middle Income Status – Todd Moss</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Nov 21, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"><p> Ghana’s recent recalculation of its GDP led to an overnight $500 per capita jump, putting in motion unexpectedly rapid graduation from the International Development Association (IDA) and ultimately a new relationship with the World Bank. In this week’s Wonkcast, I speak with Todd Moss,...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425621_image_Johnny_West.PNG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425621/">Iraq’s Last Chance to Beat the Oil Curse: Lessons for the Arab Spring (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date">- Nov 7, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"><p>The Arab Spring has grabbed the world’s attention, yet Iraq—the Arab country that not long ago was the very epicenter of American foreign policy—has almost entirely fallen off the front pages. While Iraq’s security has improved greatly, the country is still struggling to consolidate a...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425436_image_Articles_johnny_west_on_the_arab_spring.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1425436/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2011/09/12/oil-2-cash-in-iraq-johnny-west/">Oil 2 Cash in Iraq: Johnny West</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Sep 12, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"><p>Johnny West is a man of many talents. An expert on oil, civil society, and governance in the Middle East who works as an advisor to the UNDP, he is fluent in Arabic, spent more than two decades in the Middle East as a journalist for Reuters, and has just published a highly readable book...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424429_image_gelb_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1424429/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/09/14/can-oil-money-be-spent-well-alan-gelb-on-resource-revenues-and-development/">Can Oil Money Be Spent Well? Alan Gelb on Resource Revenues and Development.</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Sep 14, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"><p>Many developing countries have found that large deposits of oil or other natural resources are more a curse than a blessing. My guest on this week's Wonkcast is Alan Gelb, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development. Together with co-author Sina Grassman, Alan has written a paper that...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424242_image_ToddVij_200x200.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1424242/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/06/22/the-gulf-gusher-africa%E2%80%99s-offshore-oil-boom-todd-moss-and-vijaya-ramachandran/">The Gulf Gusher & Africa’s Offshore Oil Boom: Todd Moss and Vijaya Ramachandran</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Jun 22, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"><p>As the BP well in the Gulf of Mexico continues to spew thousands of barrels of oil each day, media attention has been focused on the toll on nearby economies and ecosystems and on the U.S. political response. On this edition of the Global Prosperity Wonkcast, we look beyond the Gulf of Mexico to...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423084_image_54.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1423084/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2009/10/19/ghanas_oil/">Ghana’s Oil: Black Gold or Fools Gold? (podcast)</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Oct 16, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"><p>In CGD’s first Global Prosperity Wonkcast I interview senior fellow Todd Moss on his innovative proposal for managing Ghana’s anticipated $1 billion per year oil windfall: money to the people. Subscribe to the podcast if you have iTunes; read Moss’s executive memo to Ghana’s President John...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box selected_works"> There are no selected works related to this topic. </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div>  </td> <td style="width:20px"></td> <td id="section-sidebar" valign="top">  <ul> <li>Antony Goldman<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/EG_Goldman_Formatted_Version_Final.pdf "> "Poverty and Poor Governance in the Land of Plenty: Assessing an Oil Dividend in Equatorial Guinea</a>", background paper.</li> <li>Adam D. Dixon and Ashby H.B. Monk "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/Final_Formatted_Monk_and_Dixon_SWF_10.11.pdf">What Role for Sovereign Wealth Funds in Africa’s Development?</a>", background paper.</li> <li>Aaron Sayne and Alexandra Gillies "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/doc/Initiatives/Oil2Cash/Gillies_Sayne_Niger_Delta_Final_Draft_Formatted_10.11.pdf">The Prospects for Cash Transfers in the Niger Delta: A Skeptical View</a>", background paper.</li> </ul> <h3> <div style="float:right"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://feeds.feedburner.com/cgdev/globaldevelopment/tag/oil"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-tiny.png" alt="RSS"/></a> </div> Recent Blog Posts <div class="clear"></div> </h3> <div class="recent-blog-posts"><ul> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2012/01/nigerians-demand-cheap-gas-but-fuel-subsidies-are-not-pro-poor.php">Nigerians Demand Cheap Gas, But Fuel Subsidies Are NOT Pro-Poor</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jan 6</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/12/libya-can-oil-and-democracy-mix.php">Libya: Can Oil and Democracy Mix?</a> <span class="blog-date">- Dec 5</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/09/we-agree-ugandan-oil-debate-should-take-place-in-uganda-plus-a-few-clarifications-about-our-paper.php">We Agree! Ugandan Oil Debate Should Take Place in Uganda (Plus a Few Clarifications about Our Paper)</a> <span class="blog-date">- Sep 12</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/08/could-uganda-be-the-next-niger-delta.php">Could Uganda Be the Next Niger Delta?</a> <span class="blog-date">- Aug 2</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/03/if-there-was-ever-a-case-for-oil2cash-it%E2%80%99s-post-qaddafi-libya.php">If There Was Ever a Case for Oil2Cash, It’s Post-Qaddafi Libya</a> <span class="blog-date">- Mar 4</span> </li> </ul></div> <div style="float:right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/tag/oil" class="more-link">More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3>Experts</h3> <ul><li> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2713_file_moss_web_170.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2713/">Todd Moss</a>, Vice President for Programs and Senior Fellow </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483/">Nancy Birdsall</a>, President </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/12989_file_subramanian_170.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/12989/">Arvind Subramanian</a>, Senior Fellow </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423702_file_gelb_170.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423702/">Alan Gelb</a>, Senior Fellow </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li></ul> <div style="float:right"><a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/?initiative=1424138" class="more-link">More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3>In the News</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/article/detail/1425865/">Focus on Africa (BBC World Service)</a> - Jan 9</li> <li><a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/article/detail/1424655/">What Resource Curse? (Foreign Policy)</a> - Dec 7</li> <li><a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/article/detail/1424277/">Avoiding the Resource Curse (Kojo Nnamdi show)</a> - Jul 1</li> </ul> <div style="float:right"><a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/content/article/?initiative=1424138" class="more-link">More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3 style="padding:0 0 10px 0">Get Updates</h3> <form method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/subscribe"> <input type="text" name="ce" id="newsletter-input" value="Enter Email" onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="hidden" name="ACTION_REQUIRED" value="URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS"/> <input type="hidden" name="SURVEY_ID" value="1181"/> <input type="submit" id="newsletter-btn" value=""/> </form> <div id="social-icons"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://twitter.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-twitter.png" alt="Twitter"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.facebook.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://www.youtube.com/globaldevelopment" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-youtube.png" alt="YouTube"/></a>   <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-big.png" alt="RSS"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111054849/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/"><img src="/web/20120111054849im_/http://www.cgdev.org/layout/icon-podcast.png" alt="Podcasts"/></a> </div>  </td> </tr> </table>  <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-top"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td align="left"> <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/contactus/">Contact Us</a> | <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/presscenter/">Press Center</a> | <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/employment/">Jobs</a> | <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/">RSS</a> | <a href="/web/20120111054849/http://www.cgdev.org/section/about/donate/">Invest</a> </td> <td align="right"> © 2012, CGD. 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Oil-to-Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers : Center for Global Development : Initiatives: Active