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<span>Toggle Fuel prices in the United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fuel_prices_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Factors_affecting_gasoline_prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factors_affecting_gasoline_prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Factors affecting gasoline prices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factors_affecting_gasoline_prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crude_oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crude_oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Crude oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crude_oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing_and_distribution"> <div 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href="#Petrol_usage_and_pricing_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Petrol usage and pricing in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petrol_usage_and_pricing_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_with_subsidised_gasoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_with_subsidised_gasoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Countries with subsidised gasoline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_with_subsidised_gasoline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries with subsidised gasoline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_with_subsidised_gasoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trinidad_and_Tobago"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Trinidad and Tobago</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trinidad_and_Tobago-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_that_formerly_subsidised_gasoline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_that_formerly_subsidised_gasoline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Countries that formerly subsidised gasoline</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_that_formerly_subsidised_gasoline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries that formerly subsidised gasoline subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_that_formerly_subsidised_gasoline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gasoline_prices_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gasoline_prices_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gasoline prices around the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gasoline_prices_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Protests</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Protests-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>International</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%C3%A9_du_carburant" title="Marché du carburant – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marché du carburant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7" title="מחיר הדלק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחיר הדלק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5" title="การใช้และการตั้งราคาแก๊สโซลีนและน้ำมันดีเซล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การใช้และการตั้งราคาแก๊สโซลีนและน้ำมันดีเซล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9F" title="בענזין פרייזן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בענזין פרייזן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22">"Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Gasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG/160px-Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG/240px-Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG/320px-Fan-Tankstelle_von_Dynamo_Dresden.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Example from Germany 2007, €1.319/l</figcaption></figure> <p>The usage and pricing of gasoline (or <i>petrol</i>) results from factors such as <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">crude oil prices</a>, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Fossil fuel subsidies">subsidy</a>, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are similar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="is this still true with sanctions (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy. Most countries impose <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">taxes</a> on gasoline (petrol), which causes <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>; whereas a few, such as <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, subsidize the cost.<sup id="cite_ref-gtz2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtz2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some country's taxes do not cover all the <a href="/wiki/Negative_Externalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative Externalities">negative externalities</a>, that is they do not make the <a href="/wiki/Polluter_pays_principle" title="Polluter pays principle">polluter pay</a> the full cost.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western countries have among the highest usage rates per person. The largest consumer is the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-key_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-key-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuel_prices_in_the_United_States">Fuel prices in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Fuel prices in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain an excessive amount of intricate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DETAIL">detail</a> that may interest only a particular audience</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_%2840662425773%29.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_%2840662425773%29.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Retail markup over crude oil and wholesale gasoline, 2014–2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png/220px-Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png/330px-Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png/440px-Oil_and_gas_prices_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Oil, gas, and diesel prices</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp/220px-RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp/330px-RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp/440px-RBOB_Gasoline_Prices.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4519" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reformulated_Blendstock_for_Oxygenate_Blending" title="Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending">RBOB Gasoline Prices</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2008, a report by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Energy_Research_Associates" title="Cambridge Energy Research Associates">Cambridge Energy Research Associates</a> stated that 2007 had been the year of peak gasoline usage in the United States, and that record energy prices would cause an "enduring shift" in <a href="/wiki/Energy_consumption" title="Energy consumption">energy consumption</a> practices.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the report, in April fuel consumption had been lower than a year before for the sixth straight month, suggesting 2008 would be the first year US usage declined in 17 years. The total annual distance driven in the US began declining in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Hurricane Rita</a>, gas prices started rising to record high levels. In terms of the aggregate economy, increases in crude oil prices significantly predict the growth of real gross domestic product (GDP), but increases in natural gas prices do not.<sup id="cite_ref-Kliesen,_Kevin_L_2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliesen,_Kevin_L_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2005, after the damages from Hurricane Katrina ran up gas prices, on August 30, a day after Katrina's landfall, prices in the spot market, which typically include a premium above the wellhead price, had surged past $11 per gigajoule ($12 per million British thermal units), and on 22 September 2005, the day before Rita's landfall, the spot price had risen to $14 per gigajoule ($15 per million British thermal units).<sup id="cite_ref-Kliesen,_Kevin_L_2006_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kliesen,_Kevin_L_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fifteen years prior to the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>, gasoline prices in the U.S. had lagged well behind inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-gpcutinf_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gpcutinf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 249-page May 2004 report by the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> (GAO)—the "congressional watchdog", investigating the impact of about 2,600 petroleum industry mergers from the 1990s to 2004, said that one of the consequences of the mergers was that they enhanced the ability for the merged companies to control prices.<sup id="cite_ref-GAO_200405_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAO_200405-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies engaged in exploration and production were more likely to merge to improve efficiency and to decrease costs.<sup id="cite_ref-GAO_200405_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GAO_200405-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2020 the gas price has dropped down to a national average of $1.73 a gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the average price increased to $3.01/gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_20220315_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_20220315-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of June 2022, the price of gasoline reached a record high of over $5/gallon with some places reporting $6/gallon.<sup id="cite_ref-Longleu_Hurst_20220629_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longleu_Hurst_20220629-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While prices have come down since the peak in June, prices were beginning to tick up again. Gas prices hit $3.79 a gallon the week of September 29, 2022, up from $3.73 on September 23, 2022 — an increase of $0.06 per gallon over the last week.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since October 10, 2022, the price of gasoline has gone down again. Gas prices dropped down to $3.64 a gallon by November 28, 2022, down from $3.76 the week before – a decrease of $0.11 per gallon during that time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factors_affecting_gasoline_prices">Factors affecting gasoline prices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Factors affecting gasoline prices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a> (EIA), as of March 2022, factors that affect the price of gasoline in the United States include the price of crude oil per barrel, costs and profits related to refining, distribution, and marketing, and taxes, along with the charge set by refiners for gasoline based on based on octane levels, with higher octane levels—premium grade cost about 68 cents per gallon more than regular grade in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_20220315_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_20220315-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest component of the average price of $2.80/gallon of regular grade gasoline in the United States from 2012 through 2021, representing 54.8% of the price of gas, was the price of crude oil. The second largest component during the same period was taxes—federal and state taxes representing 17% of the price of gas. The third component, representing 14.3% was distribution and marketing. The fourth component representing 14% was refining costs and profits. In 2021, with the average price increased to $3.01/gallon, crude oil accounted for 53.6%, taxes for 16.4%, distribution and marketing for 15.6%, and refining costs and profits, for 14.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_20220315_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_20220315-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crude_oil">Crude oil</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crude oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">Crude oil</a> is the greatest contributing factor when it comes to the price of gasoline and diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_20220315_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIA_20220315-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes the resources it takes for exploration, to remove it from the ground, and transport it. Between 2004 and 2008, there was an increase in fuel costs due in large part to a worldwide increase in demand for crude oil. Prices leapt from $35 to $140 per barrel ($220 to $880/m<sup>3</sup>), causing a corresponding increase in gas prices.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the supply side, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> (or the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) has a great deal to do with the price of gasoline, both in the United States and around the world. The speculation of oil commodities can also affect the gasoline market. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marketing_and_distribution">Marketing and distribution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marketing and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Distribution and marketing makes up the remaining 5%. The price of transporting crude oil to a refinery then gasoline to a point of distribution is passed on to the consumer. In addition the price to market the fuel brand is passed on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxes">Taxes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Fuel taxes in the United States">Fuel taxes in the United States</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp/450px-Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp/675px-Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp/900px-Gasoline_Diesel_Taxes.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4962" data-file-height="2934" /></a><figcaption>Fuel Taxes (2022) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EE220C; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Federal Taxes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EBE060; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> State Taxes</div> </figcaption></figure> The United States federal <a href="/wiki/Excise_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise tax">excise tax</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> is 18.4 cents per gallon and 24.4 cents per gallon for <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_EIA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_EIA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_FHWA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_FHWA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proceeds from the tax partly support the <a href="/wiki/Highway_Trust_Fund" title="Highway Trust Fund">Highway Trust Fund</a>. The federal tax was last raised on October 1, 1993, and is not indexed to <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, which increased 111% from Oct. 1993 until Dec. 2023. On average, as of April 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, state and local taxes and fees add 34.24 cents to gasoline and 35.89 cents to diesel, for a total US volume-weighted average <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">fuel tax</a> of 52.64 cents per gallon for gas and 60.29 cents per gallon for diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_api2019_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuel_taxes_in_the_United_States_api2019-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_factors">Other factors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from this breakdown, many other factors affect gasoline prices. Extreme weather, war or natural disaster in areas where oil is produced can also in turn raise the price of a gallon of gasoline. Legislation by several states for cleaner burning fuel also affects certain areas' prices of gasoline. </p><p>Balance between <a href="/wiki/Supply_(economics)" title="Supply (economics)">supply</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demand" title="Demand">demand</a> directly affects the price of gasoline. U.S. consumption of gasoline follows a seasonal pattern, where every year it is more expensive during the summer months when more people are driving. The long-term trend of consumption has been to increase year over year since 1950, with dips around the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">corporate average fuel economy</a> standards and the <a href="/wiki/1979_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 energy crisis">1979 energy crisis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">early 1990s recession</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrol_usage_and_pricing_in_Europe">Petrol usage and pricing in Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Petrol usage and pricing in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png/250px-Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png/375px-Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png/500px-Benzinpreis_ch_monatlich.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1019" /></a><figcaption>Gasoline and Diesel nominal price development 1993 to 2014 in Switzerland (CHF/L).</figcaption></figure> <p>Most European countries have higher <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">fuel taxes</a> than the US, but Russia and some neighboring countries have a much smaller tax, with fuel prices similar to the US.<sup id="cite_ref-gtz2010_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gtz2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Competitive petrol pricing in the UK is led by supermarkets with their own forecourts. Generally each supermarket tends to match the other's prices; the lead players being <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_with_subsidised_gasoline">Countries with subsidised gasoline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Countries with subsidised gasoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_law" title="Energy law">Energy law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy" title="Energy policy">Energy policy</a></div> <p>A number of countries <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_subsidies" title="Fossil fuel subsidies">subsidize fossil fuels</a> such as petrol/gasoline and other petroleum products. Subsidies make transport of people and goods cheaper, but discourage fuel efficiency. In some countries, the soaring cost of crude oil since 2003 has led to these subsidies being cut, moving inflation from the government debt to the general populace, sometimes resulting in political unrest. </p><p>Fuel subsidies are common in oil-rich nations. Countries with subsidized fuel include <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 2010, the Iranian government implemented <a href="/wiki/Iranian_subsidy_reform_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian subsidy reform plan">an energy price reform</a> by which the energy subsidies were to be removed in five years; the most important price hike was in gasoline, as the price went up from 1000 rials ($0.10 US) to 4000 rials ($0.40 US) per litre, with a ration of 100 litres per month for private passenger cars (later reduced to 60 litres per month). </p><p>On 26 December 2010, the Bolivian government issued a decree removing subsidies which had fixed petrol/gasoline and diesel prices for the past seven years. Arguing that illegal exports (contraband) of gasoline and diesel fuel to neighboring countries by individuals for personal profit was harming the economy, Bolivia eliminated the subsidies and raised gasoline prices as much as 83%. After widespread labor strikes, the Bolivian government canceled all future planned price hikes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Venezuela used to have the cheapest gasoline in the world for decades, however on 19 February 2016 president Nicolás Maduro used decree powers to raise fuel prices by 6000%. This was the first rise in petrol prices in 20 years and he also set in place a sharp devaluation of the currency which he said aimed to shore up the country's failing economy, hard hit by falling oil prices which make up 95% of foreign income. Prices at the pump in Venezuela jumped as much as 6,086% for 95 octane gasoline, from 0.097 bolivars to 6 bolivars.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> May 20, 2020 government increased the price to US$0.5 a litre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Smuggling_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Smuggling in Iran">Smuggling in Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_Gasoline_Rationing_Plan_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan in Iran">2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan in Iran</a></div> <p>The Iranian government introduced <a href="/wiki/Iranian_subsidy_reform_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian subsidy reform plan">an energy price reform</a> in February 2010. The reform was brought forward by the government and approved with some changes by the parliament. The major aim of the policy was to slow down the increasing trend of <a href="/wiki/Energy_consumption" title="Energy consumption">energy consumption</a> in Iran by removing the energy subsidies. The plan included electricity, natural gas, gasoline, and diesel subsidies. According to the plan, all energy prices were to increase by 20 percent annually. The price reform was particularly important in gasoline, as consumption had been increasing dramatically creating a huge burden on government budget. Furthermore, to meet demand, Iran had to import gasoline from other countries, which made the country vulnerable to possible sanctions by the US and European countries. The gas price prior to reform was $0.10 US per liter with the quota of 100 liters per month per passenger car. The reform raised the price to $0.40 US per liter and later reduced the ration to 60 liters per month. The price for over-quota consumption and the imported cars were $0.70 US per liter. The energy price reform included a cash-rebate program through which each person received 455,000 rials ($15 US) per month from the government. The overall consumption of gasoline after the reform decreased from about 65 million liters per day to about 54 million liters per day.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The price of gasoline based on the official USD to IRR rate is US$0.29/Litre in 2018 which is the second cheapest price in the world after Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_law#Africa" title="Energy law">Energy law § Africa</a></div> <p>Petrol subsidies mainly benefit rich people.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 2012, the Nigerian government headed by president Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, tried to cease the subsidy on petrol and deregulate the oil prices by announcing the new price for petrol as US$0.88/litre from the old subsidised price of US$0.406/litre (LAGOS), which in areas distant from Lagos petrol was priced at US$1.25/litre. This led to the longest general strike (eight days), riots, Arab spring like protests and on 16 January 2012 the government capitulated by announcing a new price of US$0.60/litre with an envisaged price of US$2.0/litre in distant areas.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2016 the Buhari administration increased fuel prices again to NGN 145 per litre ($0.43 at black market rates for the currency).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2020, the government had announced an increase in the pump price of petrol to NGN 151.56 per litre from NGN 148.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PEMEX, a government company in charge of selling oil in Mexico is subsidized by the Mexican government. This serves to quell inflationary pressures in Mexico. Mexico buys much of its gasoline and diesel from the United States and resells it at US$98 per barrel. Many residents of US border communities cross the border to buy fuel in Mexico,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby enjoying a cheaper fuel subsidy at the expense of Mexican taxpayers. This has caused frequent supply shortages at a number of filling stations along the border for Mexican drivers, especially truck and bus drivers who use diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Mexico ended its oil industry subsidies, leading to increased prices and <a href="/wiki/2017_Mexican_protests" title="2017 Mexican protests">widespread protests</a> throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorker_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorker-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trinidad_and_Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trinidad and Tobago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trinidad and Tobago through its national energy agencies <a href="/wiki/Petrotrin" title="Petrotrin">Petrotrin</a> and Trinidad and Tobago National Petroleum Marketing Company Limited (NP)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers petroleum fuels at varying subsidised prices to the users within the country.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unleaded Gasoline is offered at two grades - Ron 91 at US$0.43/Litre and Ron 95 at US$0.91/Litre. Diesel is offered at US$0.24/Litre making this fuel some of the cheapest in the world. </p><p>There are an estimated 791,086 cars in the country as at February 2015 and they consume 1.2 billion litres of liquid fuel annually The Government of Trinidad and Tobago spent an estimated US$173.2 million in subsidies for gasoline and diesel in half year period October 2014 - March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_energy_law" title="United States energy law">United States energy law</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_prices.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gas_prices.webp/350px-Gas_prices.webp.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gas_prices.webp/525px-Gas_prices.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Gas_prices.webp/700px-Gas_prices.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#89A54E solid 3px;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a> (Left)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#4572A7 solid 3px;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a> (Left)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-line mw-no-invert" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1.67em; height: 0; border-style: none; border-top: 2px dotted black;border-top:#AA4643 solid 3px;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Intermediate" title="West Texas Intermediate">Crude Oil Price (WTI)</a> (Right) </div> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Energy_subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy subsidies">The oil industry receives subsidies</a> through the United States tax code, which include Percentage Depletion Allowance,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic Manufacturing Tax Deduction, the Foreign Tax Credit and Expensing Intangible Drilling Costs. It is estimated that these tax deductions are worth $4 billion annually and are currently being debated by the government for reform.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although such subsidies exist, the sale of fuel is also taxed at rates that far exceed the sales tax rates for other goods, to help pay for bridge and road repair. It is thus unclear whether the tax impact on fuel is a net subsidy or not. However, fuel taxes can account for less than half of government road and highway spending. The additional spending is clearly a subsidy, since the existence of these roads creates fuel demand. Moreover, since the fuel tax itself is allocated to road repair, and petroleum vehicles are the main users of roads, one cannot claim the existence of such a tax cancels out other subsidies. </p> <table style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_prices_by_state.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gas_prices_by_state.webp/300px-Gas_prices_by_state.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gas_prices_by_state.webp/450px-Gas_prices_by_state.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gas_prices_by_state.webp/600px-Gas_prices_by_state.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="873" /></a><figcaption>Gas prices by state <br /> Difference from 1 year prior</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp/267px-Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp.png" decoding="async" width="267" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp/401px-Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp/534px-Diesel_Prices_by_State.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Diesel Prices by State <br /> Difference from 1 year prior</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2021-22, gasoline and diesel prices surged in the United States, reaching record highs, as part of a larger trend of inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average price of regular gasoline rose from $1.773 during the week of April 27, 2020, to $5 as of June 11, 2022, an all-time high.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> led the nation in gas prices with an average gallon of regular gas in the state reaching $6.43 as of June 11, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, in Venezuela, there are a total of 1,500 gas stations. 500 of these gas stations sell gas for the subsidized price, 500 sell gas at a dollar price, and the rest sell gas interchangeably between both (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/venezuela-increase-subsidized-gasoline-price-2021-10-23/">subsidized & unsubsidized</a>). In 2013, <a href="/wiki/PDVSA" title="PDVSA">PDVSA</a>, Venezuelan state-owned company, spent US$1.7 billion in direct costs of importation of gasoline, and subsidizing all sales of gasoline in the internal Venezuelan market. The sale price of gasoline was US$0.015<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Venezuelan currency loses about half its value every month so this figure needs to be updated every week. (December 2017)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> per liter, on a fixed price in the local currency that has been in effect since 1997. Given the low price of gasoline, it is distributed free of charge to gas stations.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 30, 2020, government did announce a price increase to US$0.5 per liter which is the price until now Jun 4 2021, but with supply shortages at the service stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_that_formerly_subsidised_gasoline">Countries that formerly subsidised gasoline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Countries that formerly subsidised gasoline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With oil reaching over US$145 a barrel, Indonesia further increased prices in May 2008 to Rp 6,000 (approx. US$0.65) per litre, and diesel to Rp 5,500 (approx. US$0.60) per litre, while kerosene was raised to Rp 2,500 (approx. US$0.28), moves which caused widespread protests.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, in November 2014, the new government led by President <a href="/wiki/Joko_Widodo" title="Joko Widodo">Joko Widodo</a> reallocated the government subsidy for gasoline and diesel into nation's infrastructure, education and health budget, hence raised the price of subsidized gasoline and diesel by Rp 2,000 each, so the price of gasoline and diesel became Rp 8,500 and Rp 7,500 respectively. This decision created inflation and protest throughout the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia">Malaysia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Malaysia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> had been subsidising gasoline since 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Malaysia abolished fuel subsidies and began using a managed float system, in order to control the country's large current account deficit.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gasoline_prices_around_the_world">Gasoline prices around the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gasoline prices around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th nowrap=""><b>Country/Territory</b> </th> <th nowrap=""><b>US$/L<br />(95 RON)</b> </th> <th nowrap=""><b>US$/US gallon<br />(95 RON)</b> </th> <th nowrap=""><b>Local units</b> </th> <th nowrap=""><b>Date of price</b> </th> <th nowrap=""><b>Sources</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.70 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.44 </td> <td>ALL187/L (RON 95)<br />ALL209/L (Diesel) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-12-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">3 Dec 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.20/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.480/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$6.70/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-09-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">21 Sep 2021</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.13 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.28 </td> <td>BDT125.00/L (RON 95) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-12-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">30 Dec 2024</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$9.031/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$9.323/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.894/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$9.122/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.709/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.755/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$9.084/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$0.20/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-06-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 Jun 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.60 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.06 </td> <td>EUR187/L (RON 95)<br />EURO174/L (Diesel) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-12-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">14 Dec 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.24 </td> <td>JPY174.7/L (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-05-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 May 2024</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.816/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.295/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$0.12/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$9.171/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.764/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.938/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.582/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.51 </td> <td>US0.40/L (RON 95) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">3 May 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.834/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.65 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.46 </td> <td>USD0.65/L (RON 95)<br />USD0.81/L (Diesel) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-12-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">26 Dec 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.63 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.38 </td> <td>SAR2.33/L (RON 95)<br />SAR1.15/L (Diesel) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-02-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 Feb 2024</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$8.399/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.195/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 Mar 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US$1.621/US gallon (reg) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-05-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 May 2022</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.50 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.89 </td> <td>USD0.50/L (RON 95) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-12-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 Dec 2022</span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protests">Protests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wide protests on petrol price hikes have been frequent in the last decade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 24 May 2012, the petrol price was hiked by <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a>7.50, resulting prices in the range of ₹73–82 ($0.97–1.09) per liter all over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition had declared a <a href="/wiki/Bandh" title="Bandh">bandh</a> on 31 May 2012 across the country to protest against the price hike,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which evoked mixed response amid incidents of stone pelting, arson and road blockades in some parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_costs" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile costs">Automobile costs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/WorldEconomy/Petrol-price-hiked-by-Rs-7-50-oil-firms-say-can-t-help-it/Article1-860185.aspx">the original</a> on 25 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Petrol+price+hike%3A+Opposition+unites+to+call+for+all+India+bandh+on+May+31&rft.date=2012-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2012-05-24%2Findia%2F31838402_1_price-hike-bharat-bandh-petrol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120719071948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/india/31920392_1_mixed-response-bandh-supporters-shops-and-business-establishments">"Bharat bandh: Mixed response to nationwide strike against petrol price hike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. New Delhi, India. 31 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/india/31920392_1_mixed-response-bandh-supporters-shops-and-business-establishments">the original</a> on 19 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Bharat+bandh%3A+Mixed+response+to+nationwide+strike+against+petrol+price+hike&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2012-05-31%2Findia%2F31920392_1_mixed-response-bandh-supporters-shops-and-business-establishments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bharat-bandh-nationwide-protests-on-petrol-price-hike-evoke-mixed-response-220487?pfrom=home-lateststories">"Bharat Bandh: Nationwide protests on petrol price hike evoke mixed response"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a></i>. New Delhi, India. 31 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Bharat+Bandh%3A+Nationwide+protests+on+petrol+price+hike+evoke+mixed+response&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fbharat-bandh-nationwide-protests-on-petrol-price-hike-evoke-mixed-response-220487%3Fpfrom%3Dhome-lateststories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGasoline+and+diesel+usage+and+pricing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicinfopath.com/petrolprice/">Petrol Prices in India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517201251/http://www.publicinfopath.com/petrolprice/">Archived</a> 17 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petrolpricemalaysia.my/">Petrol Prices in Malaysia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227063849/https://www.petrolpricemalaysia.my/">Archived</a> 27 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904144111/http://www.bakerinstitute.org/publications/EF-pub-MedlockJaffeOilFuturesMarket-082609.pdf">Who is in the Oil Futures Market and How Has It Changed?</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baker_Institute_For_Public_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Baker Institute For Public Policy">Baker Institute For Public Policy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/gasprices/faq.shtml">FAQs about gas prices</a> at FuelEconomy.gov by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Dept._of_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Dept. of Energy (page does not exist)">US Dept. of Energy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=gasoline_factors_affecting_prices">Factors affecting gas prices</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=US_Dept._of_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US Dept. of Energy (page does not exist)">US Dept. of Energy</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05525sp.pdf">Understanding Gasoline Prices</a> - 2005 report from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Accountability_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Accountability Office">United States Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fuelgaugereport.com/">AAA's Daily Fuel Gauge Report</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/">US EIA Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Report</a> US Energy Information Administration</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207151531/http://www.nacsonline.com/NACS/Resources/campaigns/GasPrices_2012/Pages/default.aspx">2012 NACS Retail Fuels Report </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/energy/observatory/oil/bulletin_en.htm">European Market Observatory</a> Official EU statistics on Gasoline and Diesel prices</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staveleyhead.co.uk/utilities/tools/petrol-price-index">Global Fuel Price Comparison</a> UK petrol prices compared to other countries showing contributing factors.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portfolio.com/interactive-features/2008/08/Gas-Prices-Around-the-World">Gas Prices Around the World</a> Interactive Gas Prices Around the World <a href="/wiki/Conde_Nast_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Conde Nast Portfolio">Conde Nast Portfolio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.eu/#prices">EU Fuel Prices</a> Fuel prices in EU countries. 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class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_energy" title="Primary energy">Primary energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Benchmark_(crude_oil)" title="Benchmark (crude oil)">Benchmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Sour_Crude_Index" title="Argus Sour Crude Index">Argus Sour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny_Light_oil" title="Bonny Light oil">Bonny Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Crude" title="Brent Crude">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Crude" title="Dubai Crude">Dubai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Basket" title="Indian Basket">Indian Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Crude_Price" title="Indonesian Crude Price">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus-34_Light" title="Isthmus-34 Light">Isthmus-34 Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Crude_Cocktail" title="Japan Crude Cocktail">Japan Cocktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Reference_Basket" title="OPEC Reference Basket">OPEC Reference Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapis_crude" title="Tapis crude">Tapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urals_oil" title="Urals oil">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas_Intermediate" title="West Texas Intermediate">West Texas Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canadian_Select" title="Western Canadian Select">Western Canadian Select</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Natural gas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_consumption" title="List of countries by natural gas consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_production" title="List of countries by natural gas production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_imports" title="List of countries by natural gas imports">Imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_prices" title="Natural gas prices">Price</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Petroleum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_consumption" title="List of countries by oil consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_production" title="List of countries by oil production">Production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves" title="List of countries by proven oil reserves">Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_imports" title="List of countries by oil imports">Imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posted_oil_price" title="Posted oil price">Posted oil price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">Price</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">of gasoline and diesel</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon_exploration" title="Hydrocarbon exploration">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Core_sample" title="Core sample">Core sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_geophysics" title="Exploration geophysics">Geophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_asset_modelling" title="Integrated asset modelling">Integrated asset modelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_simulation" title="Reservoir simulation">Reservoir simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir_modeling" title="Reservoir modeling">Reservoir modeling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_geology" title="Petroleum geology">Petroleum geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrophysics" title="Petrophysics">Petrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflection_seismology" title="Reflection seismology">Reflection seismology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_inversion" title="Seismic inversion">Seismic inversion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seismic_source" title="Seismic source">Seismic source</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oil_well" title="Oil well">Drilling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(well_drilling)" title="Blowout (well drilling)">Blowout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)" title="Completion (oil and gas wells)">Completion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_job" title="Squeeze job">Squeeze job</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_sticking" title="Differential sticking">Differential sticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directional_drilling" title="Directional drilling">Directional drilling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geosteering" title="Geosteering">Geosteering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_stem_test" title="Drill stem test">Drill stem test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_engineering" title="Drilling engineering">Drilling engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_fluid" title="Drilling fluid">Drilling fluid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drilling_fluid_invasion" title="Drilling fluid invasion">invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_circulation" title="Lost circulation">Lost circulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measurement_while_drilling" title="Measurement while drilling">Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction" title="Shale oil extraction">Shale oil extraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Ljungstr%C3%B6m#Shale_oil_extraction" title="Fredrik Ljungström">Ljungström method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracer_use_in_the_oil_industry" title="Tracer use in the oil industry">Tracers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underbalanced_drilling" title="Underbalanced drilling">Underbalanced drilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_logging" title="Well logging">Well logging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Extraction_of_petroleum" title="Extraction of petroleum">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_fiscal_regime" title="Petroleum fiscal regime">Petroleum fiscal regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_licensing" title="Petroleum licensing">Concessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_sharing_agreement" title="Production sharing agreement">Production sharing agreements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_lift" title="Artificial lift">Artificial lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_lift" title="Gas lift">Gas lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpjack" title="Pumpjack">Pumpjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump (ESP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downstream_(petroleum_industry)" title="Downstream (petroleum industry)">Downstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_oil_recovery" title="Enhanced oil recovery">Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_reinjection" title="Gas reinjection">Gas reinjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_injection_(oil_industry)" title="Steam injection (oil industry)">Steam injection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midstream" title="Midstream">Midstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_product" title="Petroleum product">Petroleum product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline" title="Pipeline">Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">Refining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstream_(petroleum_industry)" title="Upstream (petroleum industry)">Upstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_injection_(oil_production)" title="Water injection (oil production)">Water injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_intervention" title="Well intervention">Well intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_(oil_well)" title="Christmas tree (oil well)">XT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry" title="History of the petroleum industry">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Oil_Embargo" title="1967 Oil Embargo">1967 Oil Embargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_oil_price_shock" title="1990 oil price shock">1990 oil price shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis" title="2000s energy crisis">2000s energy crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_oil_glut" title="2010s oil glut">2010s oil glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization_of_oil_supplies" title="Nationalization of oil supplies">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Exporting_Countries_Forum" title="Gas Exporting Countries Forum">GECF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters_(oil_companies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sisters (oil companies)">Seven Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil" title="Standard Oil">Standard Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="History of the petroleum industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_France" title="History of the petroleum industry in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_India" title="History of the oil industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Iraq" title="Petroleum industry in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Norway" title="History of the petroleum industry in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_oil_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the oil industry in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" title="History of the petroleum industry in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Venezuelan_oil_industry" title="History of the Venezuelan oil industry">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Provinces<br />and fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_gas_fields" title="List of natural gas fields">List of natural gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_fields" title="List of oil fields">List of oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Oil_Province" title="East Midlands Oil Province">East Midlands Oil Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Texas_Oil_Field" title="East Texas Oil Field">East Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta#Nigerian_oil" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_Oil_Field" title="Prudhoe Bay Oil Field">Prudhoe Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Russia" title="Oil reserves in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Venezuela" title="Oil reserves in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canadian_Sedimentary_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin">Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_in_oil_and_gas_exploration_and_production" title="List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production">Abbreviations</a></li> <li>Classification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_crude_oil" title="Sweet crude oil">sweet oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_crude_oil" title="Sour crude oil">sour oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_gas" title="Oil shale gas">Oil shale gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_wells" title="Orphan wells">Orphan wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predicting_the_timing_of_peak_oil" title="Predicting the timing of peak oil">timing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocurrency" title="Petrocurrency">Petrocurrency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrofiction" title="Petrofiction">Petrofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_band" title="Shale band">Shale band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">Shale gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_producer" title="Swing producer">Swing producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconventional_(oil_and_gas)_reservoir" title="Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir">Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_crude_oil" title="Heavy crude oil">heavy crude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">oil sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tight_oil" title="Tight oil">tight oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Companies and<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_exploration_and_production_companies" title="List of oil exploration and production companies">petroleum<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Oil" title="Big Oil">Supermajors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/National_oil_company" title="National oil company">National oil<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_National_Oil_Company" title="Abu Dhabi National Oil Company">Abu Dhabi National Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANCAP_(Uruguay)" title="ANCAP (Uruguay)">ANCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Offshore_Oil_Corporation" title="China National Offshore Oil Corporation">China National Offshore Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation" title="China National Petroleum Corporation">China National Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecopetrol" title="Ecopetrol">Ecopetrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinor" title="Equinor">Equinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_National_Oil_Company" title="Iraq National Oil Company">Iraq National Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KazMunayGas" title="KazMunayGas">KazMunayGas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Kuwait Petroleum Corporation">Kuwait Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupa_Lotos" title="Grupa Lotos">Lotos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftogaz" title="Naftogaz">Naftogaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian Oil Company">National Iranian Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Iranian_South_Oil_Company" title="National Iranian South Oil Company">National Iranian South Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNPC_Limited" title="NNPC Limited">NNPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_%26_Gas_Development_Company" title="Oil & Gas Development Company">Oil & Gas Development Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlen" title="Orlen">Orlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDVSA" title="PDVSA">PDVSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina">Pertamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobangla" title="Petrobangla">Petrobangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PetroChina" title="PetroChina">PetroChina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovietnam" title="Petrovietnam">Petrovietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTT_Public_Company_Limited" title="PTT Public Company Limited">PTT Public Company Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QatarEnergy" title="QatarEnergy">QatarEnergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Aramco" title="Saudi Aramco">Saudi Aramco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOCAR" title="SOCAR">SOCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonangol_Group" title="Sonangol Group">Sonangol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonatrach" title="Sonatrach">Sonatrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPAO" title="TPAO">TPAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YPF" title="YPF">YPF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Energy_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy trading">Energy trading</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enron" title="Enron">Enron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunvor" title="Gunvor">Gunvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercuria" title="Mercuria">Mercuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftiran_Intertrade" title="Naftiran Intertrade">Naftiran Intertrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafigura" title="Trafigura">Trafigura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitol" title="Vitol">Vitol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APA_Corporation" title="APA Corporation">APA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenovus_Energy" title="Cenovus Energy">Cenovus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cepsa" title="Cepsa">Cepsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Energy" title="Devon Energy">Devon Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eneos_Holdings" title="Eneos Holdings">Eneos Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galp_Energia" title="Galp Energia">Galp Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hess_Corporation" title="Hess Corporation">Hess Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husky_Energy" title="Husky Energy">Husky Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Oil" title="Imperial Oil">Imperial Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Oil" title="Marathon Oil">Marathon Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Petroleum" title="Marathon Petroleum">Marathon Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum" title="Occidental Petroleum">Occidental Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMV" title="OMV">OMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_66" title="Phillips 66">Phillips 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Harcourt_Refining_Company" title="Port Harcourt Refining Company">Port Harcourt Refining Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repsol" title="Repsol">Repsol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncor_Energy" title="Suncor Energy">Suncor Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunoco" title="Sunoco">Sunoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgutneftegas" title="Surgutneftegas">Surgutneftegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechnipFMC" title="TechnipFMC">TechnipFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNK-BP" title="TNK-BP">TNK-BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullow_Oil" title="Tullow Oil">Tullow Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCpra%C5%9F" title="Tüpraş">Tüpraş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valero_Energy" title="Valero Energy">Valero Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_oilfield_service_companies" title="List of oilfield service companies">services<br />companies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amec_Foster_Wheeler" title="Amec Foster Wheeler">Amec Foster Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Hughes" title="Baker Hughes">Baker Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_International" title="Cameron International">Cameron International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGG_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="CGG (company)">CGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH2M" title="CH2M">CH2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bridge_%26_Iron_Company" title="Chicago Bridge & Iron Company">Chicago Bridge & Iron Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Oilfield_Services" title="China Oilfield Services">China Oilfield Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbridge" title="Enbridge">Enbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Power" title="GE Power">GE Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabors_Industries" title="Nabors Industries">Nabors Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftiran_Intertrade" title="Naftiran Intertrade">Naftiran Intertrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOV_Inc." title="NOV Inc.">NOV Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrofac" title="Petrofac">Petrofac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipem" title="Saipem">Saipem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlumberger" title="Schlumberger">Schlumberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snam" title="Snam">Snam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsea_7" title="Subsea 7">Subsea 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TC_Energy" title="TC Energy">TC Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transocean" title="Transocean">Transocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaris_Limited" title="Valaris Limited">Valaris Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherford_International" title="Weatherford International">Weatherford International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_Group" title="John Wood Group">John Wood Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">American Petroleum Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_petroleum_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian petroleum companies">Canadian petroleum companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange_Futures" title="Intercontinental Exchange Futures">Intercontinental Exchange Futures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Oil_%26_Gas_Producers" title="International Association of Oil & Gas Producers">International Association of Oil & Gas Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Energy_Agency" title="International Energy Agency">International Energy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Petroleum_Engineers" title="Society of Petroleum Engineers">Society of Petroleum Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Petroleum_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="World Petroleum Council">World Petroleum Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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