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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political rise</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_rise-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political rise subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boston_Common_Council_(1900)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boston_Common_Council_(1900)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Boston Common Council (1900)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boston_Common_Council_(1900)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_Representative_(1902–03)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Representative_(1902–03)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>State 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_mayoralty_(1914–1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First mayoralty (1914–1918)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_mayoralty_(1914–1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_mayoralty_(1922–1926)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_mayoralty_(1922–1926)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Second mayoralty (1922–1926)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_mayoralty_(1922–1926)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_mayoralty_(1930–1934)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_mayoralty_(1930–1934)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Third mayoralty (1930–1934)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_mayoralty_(1930–1934)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governorship_(1935–1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governorship_(1935–1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Governorship (1935–1937)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governorship_(1935–1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_post-governorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_post-governorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Initial post-governorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_post-governorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_U.S._Congress_(1943–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_U.S._Congress_(1943–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Return to the U.S. Congress (1943–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_U.S._Congress_(1943–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_mayoralty_(1946–1950)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_mayoralty_(1946–1950)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Fourth mayoralty (1946–1950)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fourth_mayoralty_(1946–1950)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fourth mayoralty (1946–1950) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fourth_mayoralty_(1946–1950)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conviction_and_imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conviction_and_imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Conviction and imprisonment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conviction_and_imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_after_prison_sentence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_after_prison_sentence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Return after prison sentence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_after_prison_sentence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جیمز مایکل کرلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز مایکل کرلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جیمز مایکل کرلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز مایکل کرلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Michael_Curley" title="Iacobus Michael Curley – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%89" title="جيمس مايكل كيرلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس مايكل كيرلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Curley" title="Michael Curley – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Michael Curley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q441832#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/James_Curley_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="James Curley (disambiguation)">James Curley</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Curley</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CURLEY,_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_(b).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-CURLEY%2C_J.M._HONORABLE_LCCN2016858342_%28b%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="3942" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">53rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1935 – January 7, 1937</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Hurley" title="Joseph L. Hurley">Joseph L. Hurley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Joseph B. Ely</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Charles F. Hurley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 7, 1946 – January 2, 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Kerrigan" title="John E. Kerrigan">John E. Kerrigan</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hynes_(politician)" title="John Hynes (politician)">John Hynes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 6, 1930 – January 1, 1934</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Malcolm Nichols</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mansfield" title="Frederick Mansfield">Frederick Mansfield</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 1922 – January 4, 1926</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Andrew James Peters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Malcolm Nichols</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 2, 1914 – February 4, 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Andrew James Peters</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1947</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Thomas A. Flaherty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1911 – February 4, 1914</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">Joseph F. O'Connell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">James A. Gallivan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span> <span class="nowrap">(1911–1913)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span> <span class="nowrap">(1913–1914)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_Conference_of_Mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the United States Conference of Mayors">President of the United States Conference of Mayors</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Frank Murphy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T._Semmes_Walmsley" title="T. Semmes Walmsley">T. Semmes Walmsley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Acting <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Boston_Board_of_Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Boston Board of Aldermen">Chairman of the Boston Board of Aldermen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1909</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Louis M. Clark</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick J. Brand</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Board_of_Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Board of Aldermen">Boston Board of Aldermen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1905–1909</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">4th Suffolk</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1902–1903</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Common Council">Boston Common Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1901</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1874-11-20</span>)</span>November 20, 1874<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">November 12, 1958<span style="display:none">(1958-11-12)</span> (aged 83)</span><br />Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mary Herlihy</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1906; died 1930)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Gertrude Casey</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1937)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">9 children<br />2 stepsons</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Michael Curley</b> (November 20, 1874 – November 12, 1958) was an American <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> from <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>. He served four terms as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">mayor of Boston</a> from 1914 to 1955. Curley ran for mayor in every election for which he was legally qualified. He was twice convicted of criminal behavior and notably served time in prison during his last term as mayor. He also served a single term as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">governor of Massachusetts</a>. He is remembered as one of the most colorful figures in Massachusetts politics. </p><p>Curley also served two terms, separated by 30 years, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> and, in his early career, served in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Common Council">Boston Common Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Board_of_Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Board of Aldermen">Boston Board of Aldermen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a>. </p><p>Curley was immensely popular with his fellow <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish Americans</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression in the United States</a>, he enlarged <a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Hospital" title="Boston City Hospital">Boston City Hospital</a>, expanded the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a>, funded projects to improve roads and bridges, and improved the neighborhoods with beaches and bathhouses, playgrounds and parks, public schools, and libraries, all the while collecting graft and raising <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a>. </p><p>He was a leading and at times divisive force in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts Democratic Party</a>, challenging Boston's <a href="/wiki/Ward_boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward boss">ward bosses</a> and the party's <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">white Anglo-Saxon Protestant</a> leadership at the local and state levels. His political tactics, which tended to drive businesses and economically successful people from the city, damaging the <a href="/wiki/Local_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Local economy">local economy</a>, have become an object of study for <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political scientist">political scientists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaeser_&_Shleifer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaeser_&_Shleifer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a> ranked Curley as the fourth-worst American big-city mayor to have served between the years 1820 and 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>James Michael Curley was born in Boston's <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> neighborhood in 1874 to Michael and Sarah Curley (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">née</a> Clancy). </p><p>Curley's father Michael immigrated from <a href="/wiki/Oughterard" title="Oughterard">Oughterard</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a>, Ireland and settled in Roxbury, where he met Curley's mother, also from County Galway.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Curley worked as a day laborer and foot soldier for Democratic <a href="/wiki/Ward_boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward boss">ward boss</a> P. James "Pea-Jacket" Maguire.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Michael Curley died in 1884, when his son James was ten.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>James and his brother John worked to supplement the meager family income, while James took classes at the local public school.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley left school at fifteen and took jobs in factory work and delivery which exposed him to much of the growing industrial city of Boston. He sought to become a fire fighter but was too young to take the job.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother is likely responsible for instilling in him the strain of generosity that would make up a significant part of his public personality.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley's mother continually intervened to turn him away from his father's unsavory associates while working at a job scrubbing floors in offices and churches all over Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_rise">Political rise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Curley came of age, Boston politics were marked by growing Irish political power in opposition to traditional Yankee Protestantism. Curley involved himself in the local Roman Catholic church and the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Order_of_Hibernians" title="Ancient Order of Hibernians">Ancient Order of Hibernians</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_benefit_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal benefit society">fraternal benefit society</a> that assisted Irish immigrants. He acquired a reputation as a hustler who was willing to help others get ahead. </p><p>Curley gained experience in the traditional practices of <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">ward</a> politics such as knocking on doors, drumming up votes, and taking complaints. He ran for a seat on the Boston Common Council in 1897 and 1898, but failed to achieve the Democratic nomination in ward caucuses each year. Curley claimed he was denied victory by corrupt vote counting, rigged against him because he was outside the <a href="/wiki/Machine_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine politics">political machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley was successful in 1899 by joining the machine faction controlled by Charles I. Quirk.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his first two years on the Council, Curley placed roughly 700 people into <a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> positions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reputation as an urban populist earned him the unofficial title "Mayor of the Poor."<sup id="cite_ref-nath_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nath-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boston_Common_Council_(1900)"><span id="Boston_Common_Council_.281900.29"></span>Boston Common Council (1900)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boston Common Council (1900)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1900 Curley became the youngest <a href="/wiki/Ward_boss" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward boss">ward boss</a> in Boston at 26 years of age. He obtained through political maneuvering positions on Boston's Board of Aldermen.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley became a member of the Boston Common Council in 1901, representing the seventeenth ward.<sup id="cite_ref-catalogue_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catalogue-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Representative_(1902–03)"><span id="State_Representative_.281902.E2.80.9303.29"></span>State Representative (1902–03)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: State Representative (1902–03)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curley won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1901 and became the chair of the Ward 17 Democratic organization. He established the Tammany Club (named in a nod to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a> political club) as a platform for his personal political activities, including speechmaking and assisting needy constituents.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley later recounted stories of the ward's poor and needy lining up outside the club's office to ask for work or subsistence.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boston_Board_of_Aldermen_(1905–1909)"><span id="Boston_Board_of_Aldermen_.281905.E2.80.931909.29"></span>Boston Board of Aldermen (1905–1909)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Boston Board of Aldermen (1905–1909)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Michael_Curley_1909_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg/220px-James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg/330px-James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg/440px-James_Michael_Curley_1909_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>Curley circa 1908</figcaption></figure> <p>Curley served on the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Board_of_Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Board of Aldermen">Boston Board of Aldermen</a> from 1905 until 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-catalogue_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catalogue-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-names_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-names-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the Boston Board of Alderman and the Boston City Council were merged to become the <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> Boston City Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Boston_Irish_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boston_Irish-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley's first public notoriety came from being elected to Boston's board of aldermen in 1904 while imprisoned on a <a href="/wiki/Fraud" title="Fraud">fraud</a> conviction. The charge resulted after Curley and the unrelated Thomas Curley had helped two applicants in their district <a href="/wiki/Cheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheat">cheat</a> on federal civil service exams for postmen, by criminally <a href="/wiki/Impersonating" class="mw-redirect" title="Impersonating">impersonating</a> the applicants and taking the exams for them. Though the incident gave him a dark reputation in Boston's non-Irish circles, it aided his image among the <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish American</a> working class and poor because they saw him as a man willing to stick his neck out to help those in need. During that election, his campaign slogan was, "he did it for a friend."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also quickly gained a reputation for taking <a href="/wiki/Kickback_(bribery)" title="Kickback (bribery)">kickbacks</a> in exchange for his support.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1909, after the board had been unable to garner the required consensus to elect a new <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Boston_Board_of_Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Boston Board of Aldermen">board chairman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley briefly served as the <i>acting</i> chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-names_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-names-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 26, 1909, the board elected Frederick J. Brand its permanent chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Congress_(1911–1914)"><span id="U.S._Congress_.281911.E2.80.931914.29"></span>U.S. Congress (1911–1914)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: U.S. Congress (1911–1914)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png/220px-James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png/330px-James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/James_Michael_Curley_in_1912.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>James Michael Curley during his first term as a Member of Congress in 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1910, while a member of Boston's board of aldermen, Curley challenged U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">Joseph F. O'Connell</a>, a fellow Democrat. </p><p>His first preference was to run for mayor of Boston, but former Mayor (and czar of Boston Irish politics) <a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald</a> ran for the office. In exchange for Curley staying out of the mayoral race, Fitzgerald promised not to run for re-election after a single four-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the previous election for the seat, O'Connell won by a four-vote margin over his Republican opponent,<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ex-City Clerk <a href="/wiki/J._Mitchel_Galvin" title="J. Mitchel Galvin">J. Mitchel Galvin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a three-way primary among O'Connell, Curley, and O'Connell's predecessor <a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">William S. McNary</a>, Curley defeated O'Connell<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and McNary. After winning the nomination of the Democratic Party, Curley went on to win the general election by a substantial plurality over Galvin, who was again the Republican nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_mayoralty_(1914–1918)"><span id="First_mayoralty_.281914.E2.80.931918.29"></span>First mayoralty (1914–1918)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First mayoralty (1914–1918)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his deal with Curley, Mayor Fitzgerald did run for re-election in <a href="/wiki/1914_Boston_mayoral_election" title="1914 Boston mayoral election">the election held in January 1914</a>. Curley secured Fitzgerald's exit from the race by threatening to expose a dalliance the older man had with a <a href="/wiki/Cigarette_girl" title="Cigarette girl">cigarette girl</a> in a Boston gambling den. Curley was aided by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Coakley" title="Daniel H. Coakley">Daniel H. Coakley</a>, a lawyer whose specialties included extortion and bribing prosecutors to bury criminal charges against his clients.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fitzgerald withdrew, and Curley won the election over City Council president Thomas Kenny. </p><p>Curley's victory marked his consolidation of control over Boston politics, which he would retain until 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served four separate terms as mayor (1914–1918, 1922–1926, 1930–1934 and 1946–1950)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and always held influence even when he wasn't in that office.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his first term, Curley embarked on a series of public improvements, a practice he continued in his later terms as mayor. His projects included the development of recreational facilities in the poorer parts of the city, expansion of public transit, and an enlargement of <a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Hospital" title="Boston City Hospital">Boston City Hospital</a>. He accomplished this with little regard for city finances, raising property taxes and securing loans from city banks, sometimes by threatening city inspectional actions against bank facilities. He deliberately tweaked the sensibilities of the Protestant "good government" advocates, suggesting that the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Garden" title="Boston Public Garden">Boston Public Garden</a> be sold off and that the historic <a href="/wiki/Shirley-Eustis_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirley-Eustis House">Shirley-Eustis House</a> be razed for failing to meet modern codes.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first term, Curley moved his family into a luxurious mansion in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Plain, Boston">Jamaica Plain</a>, one plainly beyond the means of a typical civil servant's salary. Begun in 1915, the twenty-plus room house was apparently built for little or no charge by contractors seeking favors from Curley. Curley's finances were regularly investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Finance_Commission" title="Boston Finance Commission">Boston Finance Commission</a>, a body dominated by hostile Protestant Republicans, but he eluded legal charges—in part through Coakley's intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley also effectively muzzled press investigations by threatening <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> charges against offending media. In one notable incident, he also physically assaulted the publisher of the <i>Boston Telegraph</i> for publishing unflattering articles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley's attempt at reelection was foiled by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lomasney" title="Martin Lomasney">Martin Lomasney</a>, the boss of Boston's <a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston" title="West End, Boston">West End</a>. Lomasney, a longtime opposition figure to Curley in the city, orchestrated the entry of an Irish-American candidate into the <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1917">1917 mayoral race</a>, who successfully siphoned enough votes away from Curley to hand victory to Republican <a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Peters" title="Andrew J. Peters">Andrew J. Peters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, the state legislature dealt Curley a further blow by enacting legislation forbidding Boston mayors from holding consecutive terms.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_mayoralty_(1922–1926)"><span id="Second_mayoralty_.281922.E2.80.931926.29"></span>Second mayoralty (1922–1926)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second mayoralty (1922–1926)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_delegation_from_Boston,_headed_by_Mayor_James_F._Curley,_called_on_Pres._Coolidge,_April_6,_urging_him_to_establish_a_hospital_for_veterans_at_Fort_Strong,_just_outside_of_Boston._(left_to_LCCN2016894191_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/A_delegation_from_Boston%2C_headed_by_Mayor_James_F._Curley%2C_called_on_Pres._Coolidge%2C_April_6%2C_urging_him_to_establish_a_hospital_for_veterans_at_Fort_Strong%2C_just_outside_of_Boston._%28left_to_LCCN2016894191_%281%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/A_delegation_from_Boston%2C_headed_by_Mayor_James_F._Curley%2C_called_on_Pres._Coolidge%2C_April_6%2C_urging_him_to_establish_a_hospital_for_veterans_at_Fort_Strong%2C_just_outside_of_Boston._%28left_to_LCCN2016894191_%281%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/A_delegation_from_Boston%2C_headed_by_Mayor_James_F._Curley%2C_called_on_Pres._Coolidge%2C_April_6%2C_urging_him_to_establish_a_hospital_for_veterans_at_Fort_Strong%2C_just_outside_of_Boston._%28left_to_LCCN2016894191_%281%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7656" data-file-height="6723" /></a><figcaption>Mayor Curley (second from left) leads a delegation visiting the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on April 6, 1925, to lobby President <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> for the establishment of a veterans hospital at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Strong" title="Fort Strong">Fort Strong</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pursuant to the new one-term restriction, Curley was elected mayor in 1921 but was not able to run for re-election in 1925. </p><p>In 1924, while serving as mayor, Curley ran for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a>. He was defeated by Republican Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Alvan T. Fuller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_mayoralty_(1930–1934)"><span id="Third_mayoralty_.281930.E2.80.931934.29"></span>Third mayoralty (1930–1934)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Third mayoralty (1930–1934)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1929, Curley won a third non-consecutive term as mayor. </p><p>In 1932, Governor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Joseph B. Ely</a> denied Curley a place in the Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)" title="Delegate (American politics)">delegation</a> to the <a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 Democratic National Convention</a>. Instead, Curley engineered his selection as a delegate from <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> under the alias of Alcalde (Spanish for "Mayor") Jaime Curleo. Some say Curley's support was instrumental in <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s nomination at the convention, but Curley broke with Roosevelt after the president refused to appoint him <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Ireland">Ambassador to Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, Curley served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Mayors" title="United States Conference of Mayors">United States Conference of Mayors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governorship_(1935–1937)"><span id="Governorship_.281935.E2.80.931937.29"></span>Governorship (1935–1937)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governorship (1935–1937)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%931936_Massachusetts_legislature" title="1935–1936 Massachusetts legislature">1935–1936 Massachusetts legislature</a></div> <p>In 1934, amid a more favorable national and statewide environment for Democrats, Curley ran for Governor again. This time, he defeated Republican Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_G._Bacon" title="Gaspar G. Bacon">Gaspar G. Bacon</a>, an opponent of Roosevelt's New Deal, by more than 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-ONeill88_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONeill88-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley's single term as governor was described by one commentator as "ludicrous part of the time, shocking most of the time, and tawdry all of the time."<sup id="cite_ref-ONeill88_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONeill88-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began with a shoving match with outgoing Governor Ely and descended into bare-knuckle politics. Curley expended significant political capital seeking to defang the Boston Finance Commission, which was closing in on the financial malfeasance of his mayoral administrations. Committee members were accused of failing to do their jobs and impeached, and investigators were fired. Curley was eventually able to install a more pliant commission and turned its attention to his political opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negative press surrounding these actions ensured a loss of public popularity, as did his failure to significantly address widespread unemployment. His administration embarked on one major public works project, the <a href="/wiki/Quabbin_Reservoir" title="Quabbin Reservoir">Quabbin Reservoir</a>, whose construction contracts were issued in signature Curley style.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, in a tweak at the state's <a href="/wiki/White_Anglo-Saxon_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="White Anglo-Saxon Protestant">WASP</a> elite, Curley appeared at Harvard's commencement (a traditional ceremonial function of the Governor) wearing silk stockings, knee britches, a powdered wig, and a three-cornered hat with flowing plume. When University marshals objected, the story goes, Curley reportedly whipped out a copy of the Statutes of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> which prescribed proper dress for the occasion and claimed that he was the only person at the ceremony properly dressed, thereby endearing him to many working and <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> Yankees.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley's term as governor of Massachusetts has been characterized by one biographer as "a disaster mitigated only by moments of farce" for its free spending and corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, instead of seeking reelection, Curley ran for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. He lost the race to State Representative <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a>, a moderate Republican, despite a national landslide in favor of Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_post-governorship">Initial post-governorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Initial post-governorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving the office of Governor, Curley squandered a substantial sum of his money in unsuccessful investments in <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> gold mines; then he lost a civil suit brought by the <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County</a> prosecutor that forced him to forfeit to the city of Boston the $40,000 he received from General Equipment Company for "fixing" a damage claim settlement. </p><p>Curley was twice defeated, in <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1937">November 1937</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1941">November 1941</a>, for the Boston mayoralty by one of his former political confidants, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Maurice J. Tobin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley took his revenge against Tobin later, supporting Republican <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Robert F. Bradford</a> for Governor against Tobin in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election,_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 1946">1946</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, he made another run for the governorship, defeating incumbent Democrat Governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Charles F. Hurley</a> in a close primary, but losing the general election to Republican <a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a>, the former speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_U.S._Congress_(1943–1947)"><span id="Return_to_the_U.S._Congress_.281943.E2.80.931947.29"></span>Return to the U.S. Congress (1943–1947)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Return to the U.S. Congress (1943–1947)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1942, Curley managed to revive his faltering career by returning to Congress, challenging Democratic incumbent <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">Thomas H. Eliot</a>. </p><p>Eliot was a former <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> attorney with an exemplary voting record on behalf of the Roosevelt administration, but was also the son of a Unitarian minister and grandson of Harvard president <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Eliot" title="Charles William Eliot">Charles William Eliot</a>. Curley exploited Eliot's background to appeal to working class anger against the <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a> upper class and, in a campaign speech which has entered Boston political lore, suggested Eliot had Communist leanings: "There is more Americanism in one half of Jim Curley's ass than in that <a href="/wiki/Pinko" title="Pinko">pink body</a> of Tom Eliot." Thus, despite his long-proven corruption and antagonism against the Yankee population, Curley managed to win them over in substantial numbers. He won the primarily easily and was re-elected in 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fourth_mayoralty_(1946–1950)"><span id="Fourth_mayoralty_.281946.E2.80.931950.29"></span>Fourth mayoralty (1946–1950)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fourth mayoralty (1946–1950)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Michael_Curley_(6082770554).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/James_Michael_Curley_%286082770554%29.jpg/220px-James_Michael_Curley_%286082770554%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/James_Michael_Curley_%286082770554%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>Curley during his final term in office in July 1949</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1945, Curley opted to vacate his seat in Congress to run for a fourth non-consecutive term as mayor of Boston. Curley appears<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="(September 2020)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> to have been paid off by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph P. Kennedy">Joseph P. Kennedy</a> (who supposedly agreed to pay off some of Curley's debt and may have helped fund his 1949 run for reelection) to vacate the seat so that Kennedy's son <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John</a> could run for Congress in 1946 without significant Democratic opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conviction_and_imprisonment">Conviction and imprisonment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conviction and imprisonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By his fourth mayoral term, numerous investigations had been conducted against Curley's machine during his time in Congress, and he now faced felony <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictments</a> for bribery brought by federal prosecutors. Nonetheless, Curley's popularity with the Irish American community in Boston remained incredibly high in the face of his indictment. He campaigned on the slogan "Curley Gets Things Done." A second indictment by a federal grand jury, for <a href="/wiki/Mail_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail fraud">mail fraud</a>, did not harm his campaign either, and Curley won the election with 45% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-boston_irish_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boston_irish-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1947, Curley was accused of accepting $60,000 from the Engineers Group, a firm Curley headed which was under investigation for <a href="/wiki/War_profiteering" title="War profiteering">war profiteering</a>. He was found guilty of mail fraud and sentenced to 6–18 months at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Danbury" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury">Federal Correctional Institution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury, Connecticut</a>. Under pressure from the Massachusetts congressional delegation and in consideration of Curley's poor health, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">President Truman</a> commuted his sentence after only five months.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> City Clerk <a href="/wiki/John_B._Hynes" class="mw-redirect" title="John B. Hynes">John B. Hynes</a> served as acting mayor during Curley's time in prison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_after_prison_sentence">Return after prison sentence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Return after prison sentence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A crowd of thousands greeted Curley upon his return to Boston, with a brass band playing "<a href="/wiki/Hail_to_the_Chief" title="Hail to the Chief">Hail to the Chief</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-boston_irish_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boston_irish-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a fit of hubris after his first day back in office, Curley told reporters, "I have accomplished more in one day than has been done in the five months of my absence."<sup id="cite_ref-boston_irish_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boston_irish-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, Curley was opposed for re-election by Hynes, who took Curley's public comments as a personal affront and marshaled support to defeat him.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Curley argued Hynes lacked experience, Hynes responded that the city could not "afford the city bosses anymore," and tapped into widespread dissatisfaction with the city's high tax rate to defeat Curley in the primary.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his <a href="/wiki/Lame_duck_(politics)" title="Lame duck (politics)">lame duck</a> period, Curley granted a large number of tax abatements and granted exorbitant city contracts to cronies, further hampering the city's finances.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hynes was again victorious in a <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1951">November 1951</a> rematch, ending Curley's half-century career in elective politics.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In retirement, Curley was financially supported by a state-granted pension ushered through the legislature by <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curley continued to support other candidates and remained active within the Democratic Party after his defeats. His death in Boston in 1958 was followed by one of the largest funerals in the city's history.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Emelda_Curley_(n%C3%A9e_Herlihy;_1883%E2%80%931930).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png/125px-Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png/188px-Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png/250px-Mary_Emelda_Curley_%28n%C3%A9e_Herlihy%3B_1883%E2%80%931930%29.png 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Mary Emelda Curley (née Herlihy)</figcaption></figure> <p>James had two brothers: John J. (1872–1944) and Michael (born 1879), who died at 2½. </p><p>Curley married Mary Emelda (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Herlihy) (1884–1930). After her death, he remarried to Gertrude Casey Dennis, widowed mother of two boys, George and Richard.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curley's personal life was unusually tragic. He outlived his first wife and seven of his nine children. </p><p>Mary Emelda died in 1930 after a long battle with cancer. Twin sons John and Joseph died in infancy. Daughter Dorothea died of pneumonia as a teenager. His namesake James Jr., a <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law</a> student groomed as Curley's political successor, died in 1931 at age 23 following an operation to remove a gallstone. His son Paul, who was an <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic">alcoholic</a>, died during Curley's 1945 mayoral run. His remaining daughter Mary died of a stroke in February 1950, and when her brother <a href="/wiki/Leo_Curley" title="Leo Curley">Leo</a> was called to the scene, he became so distraught that he too suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died the same day at age 35. </p><p>Two remaining sons, George (1919–1970) and Francis X. (1923–1992), a Jesuit priest, outlived Curley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curley_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Curley_house.jpg/220px-Curley_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Curley_house.jpg/330px-Curley_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Curley_house.jpg/440px-Curley_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Curley's home in <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> still stands today and can be identified by its distinctive <a href="/wiki/Shamrock" title="Shamrock">shamrock</a>-shaped cutouts in the second-floor <a href="/wiki/Window_shutter" title="Window shutter">window shutters</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historian James M. O'Toole has argued: </p> <dl><dd>Surely there has been no more flamboyant political personality than James Michael Curley, who dominated politics in Boston for half a century. Whether as incumbent or as candidate, he was always there: alderman, congressman, mayor, governor. People loved him or hated him, but they could not ignore him. He mastered the politics of ethnic and class warfare by defining a manichaean world of "us" versus "them"....He presided over state and city during the challenge of the Depression, leaving behind impressive monuments in stone and public works. In the end, he even managed to enter American political mythology, remembered as much in his fictional incarnations as for his real life.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Urban historian <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Jackson" title="Kenneth T. Jackson">Kenneth T. Jackson</a> has argued that: </p> <dl><dd>Curley was among the best-known and most colorful of the big-city, paternalistic bosses, Irish, Catholic, and Democratic ... Capitalizing on Irish-American resentment against the Republican, Harvard-educated Brahmans who dominated Boston's social and economic life, Curley liked to think of himself as "Mayor of the Poor"....Curley helped immigrants to adjust to urban life by finding them jobs, easing their troubles with the law, building them playgrounds and public baths, and attending their weddings and wakes ... Because his feuds with fellow Irish chieftains like John (Honey Fitz) Fitzgerald, Patrick Kennedy, and Martin Lomasney were legendary, he tried as mayor to centralize patronage and make the ward heeler obsolete. During the depression he used federal relief and work projects as a tool of his political ambitions. But Curley never built a really solid organization in Boston and never enjoyed the power or statewide influence of other well-known urban bosses.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The Curley House at 350 Jamaicaway, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> was designated a landmark by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Landmarks_Commission" title="Boston Landmarks Commission">Boston Landmarks Commission</a> in 1989. </p><p>Curley is honored with two statues at <a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a>. One shows him seated on a park bench. The other shows him standing, as if giving a speech, with a campaign button on his lapel. A few feet away was a bar named for one of his symbols, The Purple Shamrock. </p><p>Curley’ strategy of driving opponents outside of the city, described by Harvard economists <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Shleifer" title="Andrei Shleifer">Andrei Shleifer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Glaeser" title="Edward Glaeser">Edward Glaeser</a> in "The Curley Effect: The Economics of Shaping the Electorate," increased his political base by using distortionary economic policies, leading to long-term economic stagnation.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaeser_&_Shleifer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaeser_&_Shleifer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Curley was the inspiration for the protagonist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Skeffington" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Skeffington">Frank Skeffington</a> in the 1956 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Hurrah" title="The Last Hurrah">The Last Hurrah</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_O%27Connor" title="Edwin O'Connor">Edwin O'Connor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/John_Ford_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ford (director)">John Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Hurrah_(1958_film)" title="The Last Hurrah (1958 film)">film of the same name</a>. Curley initially considered legal action but changed his mind upon meeting O'Connor. He told O'Connor he enjoyed the book, the passage he enjoyed most being "the part where I die."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did successfully sue the film's producers.<sup id="cite_ref-burke200611_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke200611-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Curley was the inspiration for the song "<a href="/wiki/The_Rascal_King_(song)" title="The Rascal King (song)">The Rascal King</a>" on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Face_It" title="Let's Face It">Let's Face It</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">The Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mtv_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtv-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Curley family still holds Massachusetts auto registration number 5. It was, as of circa 1975, owned by his stepson Richard.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the final <a href="/wiki/Southern_Victory_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Victory Series">Southern Victory Series</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Settling_Accounts:_In_at_the_Death" title="Settling Accounts: In at the Death">Settling Accounts: In at the Death</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Turtledove" title="Harry Turtledove">Harry Turtledove</a>, Jim Curley was a candidate for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_federal_politicians_convicted_of_crimes" title="List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes">List of American federal politicians convicted of crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">List of federal political scandals in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boston#1900s–1940s" title="Timeline of Boston">Timeline of Boston</a>, 1910s–1940s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Irish_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of Irish Americans in Boston">History of Irish Americans in Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_or_granted_clemency_by_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States">List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Boston mayoral elections</dt> <dd>Successful: <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1914">January 1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1921" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1921">December 1921</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1929">November 1929</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1945">November 1945</a></dd> <dd>Unsuccessful: <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1917">December 1917</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1937">November 1937</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1941" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1941">November 1941</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1949" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1949">November 1949</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1951">November 1951</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_mayoral_election,_1955" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston mayoral election, 1955">November 1955</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glaeser_&_Shleifer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glaeser_&_Shleifer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaeser_&_Shleifer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlaeserShleifer2002" class="citation web cs1">Glaeser, Edward; Shleifer, Andrei (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/27867137/w8942.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"The Curley Effect: The Economics of Shaping the Electorate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="National Bureau of Economic Research">National Bureau of Economic Research</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw8942">10.3386/w8942</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=312655">312655</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Curley+Effect%3A+The+Economics+of+Shaping+the+Electorate&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Economic+Research&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D312655%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw8942&rft.aulast=Glaeser&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Shleifer%2C+Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F27867137%2Fw8942.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaeserShleifer2005" class="citation journal cs1">Glaeser, Edward; Shleifer, Andrei (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/glaeser/files/curley_effect_1.pdf">"The Curley Effect: The Economics of Shaping the Electorate"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Law,_Economics,_%26_Organization" title="The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization">The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization</a></i>. <b>21</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 1–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjleo%2Fewi001">10.1093/jleo/ewi001</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law%2C+Economics%2C+%26+Organization&rft.atitle=The+Curley+Effect%3A+The+Economics+of+Shaping+the+Electorate&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjleo%2Fewi001&rft.aulast=Glaeser&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Shleifer%2C+Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fglaeser%2Ffiles%2Fcurley_effect_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolli1999" class="citation book cs1">Holli, Melvin G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmayorbes0000holl"><i>The American Mayor</i></a>. University Park: PSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3"><bdi>0-271-01876-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Mayor&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=PSU+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-271-01876-3&rft.aulast=Holli&rft.aufirst=Melvin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmayorbes0000holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeatty2000" class="citation book cs1">Beatty, Jack (2000). <i>The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley, 1874-1958</i>. Da Capo Press. p. 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306810022" title="Special:BookSources/9780306810022"><bdi>9780306810022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rascal+King%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+James+Michael+Curley%2C+1874-1958&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780306810022&rft.aulast=Beatty&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1959" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Francis (June 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1959/4/1959_4_20_print.shtml">"The Last of the Bosses"</a>. <i>AmericanHeritage.com</i>. American Heritage Publishing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AmericanHeritage.com&rft.atitle=The+Last+of+the+Bosses&rft.date=1959-06&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F1959%2F4%2F1959_4_20_print.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, pp. 30–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, pp. 43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, pp. 47-48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, pp. 41–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonirish.com/node/13744">"A Look at James Michael Curley in Power"</a>. <i>Boston Irish Reporter</i>. Boston Neighborhood News, Inc. November 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(November 1997). "Review: Redefining Urban Politics". <i>Economic and Political Weekly</i>. <b>32</b> (44): 2864. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4406038">4406038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Redefining+Urban+Politics&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=2864&rft.date=1997-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4406038%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nath&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_G._KovenAndrea_C._Koven2018" class="citation book cs1">Steven G. Koven; Andrea C. Koven (2018). <i>Growth, Decline, and Regeneration in Large Cities: A Case Study Approach</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351784238" title="Special:BookSources/9781351784238"><bdi>9781351784238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth%2C+Decline%2C+and+Regeneration+in+Large+Cities%3A+A+Case+Study+Approach&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781351784238&rft.au=Steven+G.+Koven&rft.au=Andrea+C.+Koven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catalogue-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catalogue_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catalogue_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=n_BMAAAAMAAJ&pg=GBS.PA176">"A Catalogue of the City Councils of Boston, 1822–1908, Roxbury, 1846–1867, Charlestown, 1847–1873 and of the Selectmen of Boston, 1634–1822: Also of Various Other Town and Municipal Officers"</a>. City of Boston Printing Department. 1909. pp. 170, 177<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Catalogue+of+the+City+Councils+of+Boston%2C+1822%E2%80%931908%2C+Roxbury%2C+1846%E2%80%931867%2C+Charlestown%2C+1847%E2%80%931873+and+of+the+Selectmen+of+Boston%2C+1634%E2%80%931822%3A+Also+of+Various+Other+Town+and+Municipal+Officers&rft.pages=170%2C+177&rft.pub=City+of+Boston+Printing+Department&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3Dn_BMAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, pp. 68–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-names-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-names_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-names_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/735538377">"Curley Names Committees"</a></span>. Boston Evening Transcript. January 19, 1909<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curley+Names+Committees&rft.pub=Boston+Evening+Transcript&rft.date=1909-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F735538377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston_Irish-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boston_Irish_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connor, T.H. (1997). <i>Boston Irish: A Political History</i>. New York: Back Bay Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinstatep01unkngoog"><i>Who's Who in State Politics, 1912</i></a>. Boston: Practical Politics. 1912. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinstatep01unkngoog/page/n21">17</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+State+Politics%2C+1912&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Practical+Politics&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhoswhoinstatep01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">December 29, 1992 | Boston's Powerful Rogue | James Curley dominated Hub politics for decades – even from jail | By Lawrence J. Goodrich | publications editor | <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/1229/29131.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/431036492">"Aldermen Fail to Elect Chairman"</a></span>. The Boston Globe. January 4, 1909<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aldermen+Fail+to+Elect+Chairman&rft.pub=The+Boston+Globe&rft.date=1909-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F431036492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/431049377">"Chairman of the Aldermen"</a></span>. The Boston Globe. January 26, 1909<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2022</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chairman+of+the+Aldermen&rft.pub=The+Boston+Globe&rft.date=1909-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F431049377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 40–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Foss Wins By 22,000 In Massachusetts; But the Rest of the Democratic State Ticket Has Probably Been Defeated". <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. November 9, 1910. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Foss+Wins+By+22%2C000+In+Massachusetts%3B+But+the+Rest+of+the+Democratic+State+Ticket+Has+Probably+Been+Defeated&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1910-11-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Galvin May Contest It; Recount Shows O'Connell Elected by Four Votes. Appeal to Congress Suggested By Republican's Lieutenants. McGonagle Displaces Pettiti as Representative in Ward 6. Original Recount Contest May Go to Congress. Tie Feared Till the Last. Down to Last Precinct". <i>The Boston Globe</i>. Boston. November 11, 1908. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Galvin+May+Contest+It%3B+Recount+Shows+O%27Connell+Elected+by+Four+Votes.+Appeal+to+Congress+Suggested+By+Republican%27s+Lieutenants.+McGonagle+Displaces+Pettiti+as+Representative+in+Ward+6.+Original+Recount+Contest+May+Go+to+Congress.+Tie+Feared+Till+the+Last.+Down+to+Last+Precinct&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1908-11-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Both Lose Renomination: Keliher and O'Connell Defeated in Massachusetts Primaries. 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September 28, 1910. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Both+Lose+Renomination%3A+Keliher+and+O%27Connell+Defeated+in+Massachusetts+Primaries.+Majority+of+the+Delegates+to+Democratic+State+Convention+Will+Go+Uninstructed&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1910-09-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 43–44; see pp. 101–114 for details on Coakley's activities</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18327811/congressman_takes_job_as_boston_mayor/">"Congressman Takes Job as Boston Mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tampa_Tribune" title="The Tampa Tribune">The Tampa Tribune</a></i>. 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January 6, 1930. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span> – via pqarchiver.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Curley+Inauguration+Will+Be+Held+Today&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1930-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F758177606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/847829536">"Mansfield to Take Oath This Morning"</a></span>. <i>The Boston Globe</i>. January 1, 1934. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span> – via pqarchiver.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Mansfield+to+Take+Oath+This+Morning&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1934-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F847829536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Municipal Register For 1922</i>, Boston: City of Boston Printing Department, 1922, p. frontispiece</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Register+For+1922&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=frontispiece&rft.pub=City+of+Boston+Printing+Department&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connor (1984), pp. 143–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 73–74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 80–83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 59, 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404701607.html">"James Michael Curley | Encyclopedia.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Michael+Curley+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1G2-3404701607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmayors.org/the-conference/leadership/">"Leadership"</a>. The United States Conference of Mayors. November 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leadership&rft.pub=The+United+States+Conference+of+Mayors&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmayors.org%2Fthe-conference%2Fleadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONeill88-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ONeill88_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONeill88_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 88–90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1958/11/22/the-harvard-history-of-james-m/">"The Harvard History of James M. Curley"</a>. The Crimson. November 22, 1958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Harvard+History+of+James+M.+Curley&rft.pub=The+Crimson&rft.date=1958-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F1958%2F11%2F22%2Fthe-harvard-history-of-james-m%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beatty, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 90–91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 92–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, pp. 336, 346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boston_irish-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boston_irish_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boston_irish_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-boston_irish_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connor (1997), pp. 179–195, 204–205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/james-michael-curley">"James Michael Curley"</a>. encyclopedia.com. October 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=James+Michael+Curley&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fhistory%2Fus-history-biographies%2Fjames-michael-curley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDirk_Langeveld2018" class="citation news cs1">Dirk Langeveld (December 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://downfalldictionary.blogspot.com/search/label/James%20Curley">"The Downfall Dictionary: Cataloging the past political scandals of the United States"</a>. downfalldictionary.blogspot.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Downfall+Dictionary%3A+Cataloging+the+past+political+scandals+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.au=Dirk+Langeveld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownfalldictionary.blogspot.com%2Fsearch%2Flabel%2FJames%2520Curley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 116–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 117–127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, pp. 98–99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, p. 99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Beatty, <i>The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley (1874–1958)</i> (1992).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James M. O'Toole. "Review" in <i>The New England Quarterly</i> 66#3 (1993) pp. 500–502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenneth T. Jackson, "Curley, James Michael," in John A. Garraty, ed., <i>Encyclopedia of American Biography</i> (1974) pp 246–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2003" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Charles F. (2003). <i>A Family of His Own: A Life of Edwin O'Connor</i>. The Catholic University of America Press. pp. 192–193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813213371" title="Special:BookSources/0813213371"><bdi>0813213371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Family+of+His+Own%3A+A+Life+of+Edwin+O%27Connor&rft.pages=192-193&rft.pub=The+Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0813213371&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burke200611-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burke200611_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke,_Gerald_F.2006" class="citation web cs1">Burke, Gerald F. (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jphs.org/people/2007/3/10/james-michael-curley-a-lasting-hurrah.html">"James Michael Curley; A Lasting Hurrah"</a>. <i>Jamaica Plains Bulletin</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamaica+Plains+Bulletin&rft.atitle=James+Michael+Curley%3B+A+Lasting+Hurrah&rft.date=2006-11&rft.au=Burke%2C+Gerald+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jphs.org%2Fpeople%2F2007%2F3%2F10%2Fjames-michael-curley-a-lasting-hurrah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mtv-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtv_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1997" class="citation news cs1">Nelson, Chris (August 29, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181110160027/http://www.mtv.com/news/1082/crooked-boston-mayor-inspires-bosstones-new-hit/">"Crooked Boston Mayor Inspires Bosstones' New Hit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MTV_News" title="MTV News">MTV News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/1082/crooked-boston-mayor-inspires-bosstones-new-hit/">the original</a> on November 10, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crooked+Boston+Mayor+Inspires+Bosstones%27+New+Hit&rft.date=1997-08-29&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F1082%2Fcrooked-boston-mayor-inspires-bosstones-new-hit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jphs.org/people/2005/4/14/james-michael-curley-and-the-5-license-plate.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'People' Editor – James Michael Curley and the #5 License Plate"</a>. Jamaica Plain Historical Society. April 14, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27People%27+Editor+%E2%80%93+James+Michael+Curley+and+the+%235+License+Plate&rft.pub=Jamaica+Plain+Historical+Society&rft.date=2005-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jphs.org%2Fpeople%2F2005%2F4%2F14%2Fjames-michael-curley-and-the-5-license-plate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bulger, William M. "James Michael Curley: A Short Biography with Personal Reminiscences." <i>Commonwealth Editions</i> 2009.</li> <li>Beatty, Jack. <i>The Rascal King: the Life and Times of James Michael Curley</i>. 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0201175998" title="Special:BookSources/978-0201175998">978-0201175998</a></li> <li>City of Boston Statistics Department <i>Municipal Register for 1922</i> (1922) Frontispiece.</li> <li>Connolly, Michael C. "The First Hurrah: James Michael Curley Versus the 'Goo-goos' in the Boston Mayoralty Election of 1914." <i>Historical Journal of Massachusetts</i> 2002 30(1): 50–74. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0276-8313">0276-8313</a>.</li> <li>Connolly, James J. "Reconstituting Ethnic Politics: Boston, 1909–1925." <i>Social Science History</i> (1995) 19(4): 479–509. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0145-5532">0145-5532</a>.</li> <li>Dineen, Joseph F., <i>The Purple Shamrock</i> (1949), an authorized biography</li> <li>Kenneally, James. "Prelude to the Last Hurrah: the Massachusetts Senatorial Election of 1936." <i>Mid-America</i> 1980 62(1): 3–20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0026-2927">0026-2927</a>.</li> <li>Lapomarda, Vincent A. "Maurice Joseph Tobin: the Decline of Bossism in Boston." <i>New England Quarterly</i> (1970) 43(3): 355–381. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0028-4866">0028-4866</a>.</li> <li>Lennon, Thomas, producer, <i>Scandalous Mayor.</i> Film. 58 min.; Thomas Lennon Productions, 1991. Distrib. by PBS Video, Alexandria</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuthin,_Reinhard_H.1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_H._Luthin" title="Reinhard H. Luthin">Luthin, Reinhard H.</a> (1954). "Ch. 2: James J. Curley: The Boston Brahmin-Baiter". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americandemagogu0000luth"><i>American Demagogues: Twentieth Century</i></a></span>. Beacon Press. pp. 17–43. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007DN37C">B0007DN37C</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/54-8428">54-8428</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1098334">1098334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ch.+2%3A+James+J.+Curley%3A+The+Boston+Brahmin-Baiter&rft.btitle=American+Demagogues%3A+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=17-43&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1098334&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007DN37C%23id-name%3DASIN&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F54-8428&rft.au=Luthin%2C+Reinhard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericandemagogu0000luth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2017" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Garrison (2017). <i>John William McCormack: A Political Biography</i>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628925173" title="Special:BookSources/978-1628925173"><bdi>978-1628925173</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+William+McCormack%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1628925173&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Garrison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1984" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, Thomas H. (1984). <i>Bibles, Brahmins, and Bosses, Second Edition</i>. Boston: Boston Public Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0890731004" title="Special:BookSources/0890731004"><bdi>0890731004</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibles%2C+Brahmins%2C+and+Bosses%2C+Second+Edition&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Boston+Public+Library&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0890731004&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._O%27Connor" title="Thomas H. O'Connor">O'Connor, Thomas H.</a> (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bostonirishpolit00ocon"><i>The Boston Irish: A Political History</i></a></span>. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555532208" title="Special:BookSources/978-1555532208"><bdi>978-1555532208</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boston+Irish%3A+A+Political+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Northeastern+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1555532208&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbostonirishpolit00ocon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2012" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Gerard (2012). <i>Rogues and Redeemers</i>. New York: Crown Publisher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307405364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307405364"><bdi>978-0307405364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rogues+and+Redeemers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publisher&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0307405364&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Piehler, G. Kurt. "Curley, James Michael" in <i>American National Biography</i>, 2000, American Council of Learned Societies.</li> <li>Steinberg, Alfred. <i>The Bosses: Frank Hague, James Curley, Ed Crump, Huey Long, Gene Talmadge, Tom Pendergast – The Story of the Ruthless Men who Forged the American Political Machines that Dominated the Twenties and Thirties</i> Macmillan, 1972.</li> <li>Trout, Charles H., <i>Boston, the Great Depression, and the New Deal</i> NY: Oxford University Press, 1977.</li> <li><i>Who's who in State Politics, 1912</i> Practical Politics (1912)</li> <li>Zolot, Herbert Marshall. "The Issue of Good Government and James Michael Curley: Curley and the Boston Scene from 1897–1918" Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1975. Citation: DAI 1975 36(2): 1053-A.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Michael_Curley&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Michael_Curley" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James Michael Curley">James Michael Curley</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cuomo-curlin.html#R9M0IU2SK">Information on Mayor Curley at Political Graveyard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=317">James Michael Curley at Massachusetts Moments</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003153209/http://www.bostonhistory.org/m_jamaica.php">James Michael Curley at The Bostonian Society, section on Jamaica Plain historical place markers</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000996" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000996">"James Michael Curley (id: C000996)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+Michael+Curley+%28id%3A+C000996%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111030064714/http://www.mass.gov/portal/government-taxes/laws/interactive-state-house/historical/governors-of-massachusetts/commonwealth-of-massachusetts-1900-1950/james-michael-curley-1874-1958.html">"Official Commonwealth of Massachusetts Governor Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/portal/government-taxes/laws/interactive-state-house/historical/governors-of-massachusetts/commonwealth-of-massachusetts-1900-1950/james-michael-curley-1874-1958.html">the original</a> on October 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts+Governor+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Fportal%2Fgovernment-taxes%2Flaws%2Finteractive-state-house%2Fhistorical%2Fgovernors-of-massachusetts%2Fcommonwealth-of-massachusetts-1900-1950%2Fjames-michael-curley-1874-1958.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Boston Public Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130705115712/http://www.bpl.org/research/special/collections.htm">Curley, James Michael (1874–1958) Collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/65278/boston-a-tale-of-three-cities">Boston – A tale of three cities</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/collections/commonwealth:kk91fz78r"><i>James Michael Curley Negatives (photos)</i></a> – via Digital Commonwealth.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Michael+Curley+Negatives+%28photos%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalcommonwealth.org%2Fcollections%2Fcommonwealth%3Akk91fz78r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Michael+Curley" class="Z3988"></span>. 1934–1958</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celebrateboston.com/sites/james-michael-curley-park.htm">James Michael Curley Park, Boston</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">Joseph F. O'Connell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">Massachusetts's 10th congressional district</a> </b><br />1911–1913 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">William Francis Murray</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">John W. Weeks</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">Massachusetts's 12th congressional district</a> </b><br />1913–1914 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">James A. Gallivan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Thomas A. Flaherty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">Massachusetts's 11th congressional district</a> </b><br />1943–1947 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a> </b><br />1914–1918 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Andrew James Peters</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Andrew James Peters</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a> </b><br />1922–1926 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Malcolm Nichols</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Malcolm Nichols</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a> </b><br />1930–1934 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mansfield" title="Frederick Mansfield">Frederick Mansfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Joseph B. Ely</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> </b><br />1935–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Charles F. Hurley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_E._Kerrigan" title="John E. Kerrigan">John E. Kerrigan</a><br />Acting</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor of Boston</a> </b><br />1946–1950 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hynes_(politician)" title="John Hynes (politician)">John Hynes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">John F. Fitzgerald</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1924_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1924 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">1924</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Gaston" title="William A. Gaston">William A. Gaston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Joseph B. Ely</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1934_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">1934</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Charles F. Hurley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_A._Coolidge" title="Marcus A. Coolidge">Marcus A. Coolidge</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1936 United States Senate election in Massachusetts">1936</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Joseph E. Casey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Charles F. Hurley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1938_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election" title="1938 Massachusetts gubernatorial election">1938</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Paul A. Dever</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_Boston,_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Boston" title="Template:Mayors of Boston"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_Boston" title="Template talk:Mayors of Boston"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of Boston"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_Boston,_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayors of Boston, Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Phillips_(mayor)" title="John Phillips (mayor)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Gray Otis (lawyer)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wells_(American_politician)" title="Charles Wells (American politician)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_II" title="Theodore Lyman II">Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chapman" title="Jonathan Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Brimmer" title="Martin Brimmer">Brimmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aspinwall_Davis" title="Thomas Aspinwall Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_Jr." title="Josiah Quincy Jr.">Quincy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Bigelow" title="John P. Bigelow">Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Seaver" title="Benjamin Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_V.C._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome V.C. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_W._Lincoln_Jr." title="Frederic W. Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wightman" title="Joseph Wightman">Wightman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_W._Lincoln_Jr." title="Frederic W. Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otis_Norcross" title="Otis Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Shurtleff" title="Nathaniel B. Shurtleff">Shurtleff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaston_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gaston (Massachusetts politician)">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_R._Cutter" title="Leonard R. Cutter">Cutter*</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Cobb" title="Samuel C. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_O._Prince" title="Frederick O. Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_O._Prince" title="Frederick O. Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Abbott_Green" title="Samuel Abbott Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Palmer_(American_politician)" title="Albert Palmer (American politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pearl_Martin" title="Augustus Pearl Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_O%27Brien" title="Hugh O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_N._Hart" title="Thomas N. Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Matthews,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Matthews, Jr.">Matthews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Upton_Curtis" title="Edwin Upton Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_(1859%E2%80%931919)" title="Josiah Quincy (1859–1919)">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_N._Hart" title="Thomas N. Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Whelton" title="Daniel A. Whelton">Whelton</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Hibbard" title="George A. Hibbard">Hibbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Nichols</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Mansfield" title="Frederick Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Kerrigan" title="John E. Kerrigan">Kerrigan</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hynes_(politician)" title="John Hynes (politician)">Hynes</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hynes_(politician)" title="John Hynes (politician)">Hynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Collins" title="John F. Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_White_(politician)" title="Kevin White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Flynn" title="Raymond Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Menino" title="Thomas Menino">Menino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Thomas_Menino" title="Mayoralty of Thomas Menino">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Walsh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Marty_Walsh" title="Mayoralty of Marty Walsh">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Janey" title="Kim Janey">Janey</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Wu" title="Michelle Wu">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Michelle_Wu" title="Mayoralty of Michelle Wu">tenure</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governors of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Colony <br /> <span class="nobold">(1629–1686)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Vane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Endecott" title="John Endecott">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett" title="John Leverett">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="527" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion <br /> <span class="nobold">(1686–1689)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province <br /> <span class="nobold">(1692–1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">W. Phips</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coote,_1st_Earl_of_Bellomont" title="Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont">Bellomont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Shute" title="Samuel Shute">Shute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnet_(colonial_administrator)" title="William Burnet (colonial administrator)">Burnet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Belcher" title="Jonathan Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pownall" title="Thomas Pownall">Pownall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Bernard,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth <br /> <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Cushing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bowdoin" title="James Bowdoin">Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increase_Sumner" title="Increase Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gill" title="Moses Gill">Gill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_(governor)" title="James Sullivan (governor)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Lincoln Sr.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brooks_(governor)" title="John Brooks (governor)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Clifford" title="John H. Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Washburn" title="Emory Washburn">E. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gardner" title="Henry Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew" title="John Albion Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bullock" title="Alexander Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaston_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gaston (Massachusetts politician)">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_(governor)" title="Oliver Ames (governor)">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._A._Brackett" title="John Q. A. Brackett">Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Russell_(politician)" title="William E. Russell (politician)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bates" title="John L. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Douglas" title="William Lewis Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Guild_Jr." title="Curtis Guild Jr.">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Sumner_Draper" title="Eben Sumner Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Peabody" title="Endicott Peabody">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Sargent" title="Francis Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._King" title="Edward J. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cellucci" title="Paul Cellucci">Cellucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Swift" title="Jane Swift">Swift</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Healey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts03 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts04 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts06 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts08 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts09 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts13 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts14 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts15 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts16 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Davis (American politician)">S. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts17 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts18 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts19 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts20 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="MassachusettsAL !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_United_States_Conference_of_Mayors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Conference_of_Mayors_Presidents" title="Template:United States Conference of Mayors Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Conference_of_Mayors_Presidents" title="Template talk:United States Conference of Mayors Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Conference_of_Mayors_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Conference of Mayors Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_United_States_Conference_of_Mayors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Mayors" title="United States Conference of Mayors">United States Conference of Mayors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Semmes_Walmsley" title="T. Semmes Walmsley">Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoan" title="Daniel Hoan">Hoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Joseph_Kelly" title="Edward Joseph Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Welsh" title="George W. Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Green" title="Cooper Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Lawrence" title="David L. Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_H._Kennelly" title="Martin H. Kennelly">Kennelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Burke" title="Thomas A. Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Robinson" title="Elmer Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hynes_(politician)" title="John Hynes (politician)">Hynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr." title="Robert F. Wagner Jr.">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norris_Poulson" title="Norris Poulson">Poulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">R. J. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Dilworth" title="Richardson Dilworth">Dilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Haydon_Burns" title="W. Haydon Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Celebrezze" title="Anthony J. Celebrezze">Celebrezze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Lee" title="Richard C. Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Selland" title="Arthur L. Selland">Selland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Tucker" title="Raymond Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Blaisdell" title="Neal Blaisdell">Blaisdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Cavanagh" title="Jerome Cavanagh">Cavanagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Barr" title="Joseph M. Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Schrunk" title="Terry Schrunk">Schrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_D._Maltester" title="Jack D. Maltester">Maltester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tate_(mayor)" title="James Tate (mayor)">Tate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Maier" title="Henry Maier">Maier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louie_Welch" title="Louie Welch">Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Martin_(politician)" title="Roy Martin (politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alioto" title="Joseph Alioto">Alioto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Landrieu" title="Moon Landrieu">M. E. Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_A._Gibson" title="Kenneth A. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Alexander_(politician)" title="Lee Alexander (politician)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._McNichols_Jr." title="William H. McNichols Jr.">McNichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Carver" title="Richard E. Carver">Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hatcher" title="Richard G. Hatcher">Hatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Boosalis" title="Helen Boosalis">Boosalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fulton" title="Richard Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Padilla" title="Hernán Padilla">Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Nathan_Morial" title="Ernest Nathan Morial">E. Morial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Riley_Jr." title="Joseph P. Riley Jr.">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Berkley" title="Richard L. Berkley">Berkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_John_Holland" title="Arthur John Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Whitmire" title="Kathy Whitmire">Whitmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Isaac" title="Bob Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Flynn" title="Raymond Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Althaus" title="William Althaus">Althaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Abramson" title="Jerry Abramson">Abramson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ashe" title="Victor Ashe">Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Rice" title="Norm Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" title="Richard M. Daley">R. M. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Helmke" title="Paul Helmke">Helmke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deedee_Corradini" title="Deedee Corradini">Corradini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Webb" title="Wellington Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Brent_Coles" title="H. Brent Coles">Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Morial" title="Marc Morial">M. Morial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Menino" title="Thomas Menino">Menino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garner_(politician)" title="James Garner (politician)">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Plusquellic" title="Don Plusquellic">Plusquellic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_O%27Neill" title="Beverly O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Guido" title="Michael Guido">Guido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Palmer" title="Douglas Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Diaz_(Florida_politician)" title="Manny Diaz (Florida politician)">Diaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Nickels" title="Greg Nickels">Nickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Kautz" title="Elizabeth Kautz">Kautz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa" title="Antonio Villaraigosa">Villaraigosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Nutter" title="Michael Nutter">Nutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Smith_(Arizona_politician)" title="Scott Smith (Arizona politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Johnson_(basketball)" title="Kevin Johnson (basketball)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Rawlings-Blake" title="Stephanie Rawlings-Blake">Rawlings-Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Cornett" title="Mick Cornett">Cornett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Landrieu" title="Mitch Landrieu">M. J. Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_K._Benjamin" title="Stephen K. Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Barnett_(politician)" title="Bryan Barnett (politician)">Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Fischer" title="Greg Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan_Whaley" title="Nan Whaley">Whaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Suarez" title="Francis Suarez">Suarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Schieve" title="Hillary Schieve">Schieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ginther" title="Andrew Ginther">Ginther</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441832#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441832#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441832#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59887072">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/380102/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrWFDGqgFV8QjjwDKqJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119116022">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96085290">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p238497593">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000996">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/093646267">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/131043373">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6524pcs">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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