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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-印刷的历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷的历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>印刷的历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-印刷的历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关印刷的历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-印刷的历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代印刷术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代印刷术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>古代印刷术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代印刷术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-争议性起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#争议性起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>争议性起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-争议性起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印刷品实物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷品实物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>印刷品实物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷品实物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印刷的传播" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷的传播"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>印刷的传播</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷的传播-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-朝鮮半島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮半島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>朝鮮半島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮半島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-菲律宾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#菲律宾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>菲律宾</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-菲律宾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>西亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-西亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-欧洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#欧洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>欧洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-欧洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工业时代印刷术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工业时代印刷术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>工业时代印刷术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工业时代印刷术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印刷对知识传播的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷对知识传播的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>印刷对知识传播的影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷对知识传播的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信息时代印刷术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信息时代印刷术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>信息时代印刷术</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-信息时代印刷术-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关信息时代印刷术子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-信息时代印刷术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電腦印刷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電腦印刷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>電腦印刷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電腦印刷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他印刷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他印刷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>其他印刷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他印刷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-立体印刷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#立体印刷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>立体印刷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-立体印刷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三维打印" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三维打印"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>三维打印</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三维打印-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">印刷</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。115种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drukkerswese" title="Drukkerswese – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Drukkerswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchdruck" title="Buchdruck – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buchdruck" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresi%C3%B3n" title="Impresión – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Impresión" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="طباعة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طباعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresi%C3%B3n" title="Impresión – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Impresión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99tb%C9%99%C9%99" title="Mətbəə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mətbəə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%AB%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Китап баҫыу – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Китап баҫыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druck" title="Druck – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Druck" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprenta" title="Imprenta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Imprenta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Друк – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Друк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Друк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Друк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Печатарство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Печатарство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="মুদ্রণ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুদ্রণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulla%C3%B1" title="Moullañ – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moullañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tamparstvo" title="Štamparstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Štamparstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хэблэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хэблэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressi%C3%B3" title="Impressió – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Impressió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Книгашна зорба тохар – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Книгашна зорба тохар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="چاپکردن – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاپکردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matbaac%C4%B1l%C4%B1q" title="Matbaacılıq – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Matbaacılıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisk" title="Tisk – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tisk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argraffu" title="Argraffu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Argraffu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogtryk" title="Bogtryk – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bogtryk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchdruck" title="Buchdruck – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buchdruck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τυπογραφία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τυπογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing" title="Printing – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Printing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presarto" title="Presarto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Presarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresi%C3%B3n" title="Impresión – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Impresión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%BCkikunst" title="Trükikunst – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Trükikunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inprimatze" title="Inprimatze – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inprimatze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="چاپ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painaminen" title="Painaminen – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Painaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprimerie" title="Imprimerie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Imprimerie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekdrukkeunst" title="Boekdrukkeunst – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boekdrukkeunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B3d%C3%B3ireacht" title="Clódóireacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clódóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印刷" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A8s_%C3%A9krit" title="Près ékrit – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Près ékrit" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B2-bhualadh" title="Clò-bhualadh – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clò-bhualadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impresi%C3%B3n" title="Impresión – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Impresión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuatia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD_apo" title="Kuatiañe'ẽ apo – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuatiañe'ẽ apo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing" title="Printing – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Printing" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דפוס – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דפוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="मुद्रण – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुद्रण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhaapna" title="Chhaapna – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chhaapna" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiskarstvo" title="Tiskarstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tiskarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyomtat%C3%A1s_(nyomd%C3%A1szat)" title="Nyomtatás (nyomdászat) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyomtatás (nyomdászat)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գրատպություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրատպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տպագրութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տպագրութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percetakan" title="Percetakan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Percetakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprim-arto" title="Imprim-arto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Imprim-arto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentun" title="Prentun – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Prentun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stampa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="印刷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printin" title="Printin – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Printin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%AD%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ბეჭდვა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეჭდვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C9%A3%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Taɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Taɣʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="Кітап басу ісі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кітап басу ісі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ಮುದ್ರಣ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮುದ್ರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%87%84" title="인쇄 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인쇄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressio" title="Impressio – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Impressio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookdr%C3%B6kk%C3%B3ns" title="Bookdrökkóns – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bookdrökkóns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stampa" title="Stampa – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stampa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spauda" title="Spauda – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spauda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iespie%C5%A1ana" title="Iespiešana – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iespiešana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Печатење – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Печатење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="അച്ചടി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അച്ചടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="मुद्रण – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुद्रण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencetakan" title="Pencetakan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pencetakan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပုံနှိပ်ခြင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုံနှိပ်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookdruck" title="Bookdruck – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bookdruck" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookdrukkunst" title="Bookdrukkunst – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bookdrukkunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ध्वायेज्या – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ध्वायेज्या" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boekdrukkunst" title="Boekdrukkunst – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boekdrukkunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trykking" title="Trykking – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Trykking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trykking" title="Trykking – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trykking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impression" title="Impression – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Impression" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Мыхуыркæнынад – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мыхуыркæнынад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਛਪਾਈ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਛਪਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druk" title="Druk – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Druk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%BE%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="چھپائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چھپائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="چاپ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چاپ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impress%C3%A3o" title="Impressão – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Impressão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwru_ch%27ipachina" title="Liwru ch'ipachina – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liwru ch'ipachina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tip%C4%83rire" title="Tipărire – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tipărire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Печатание – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Печатание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Друкарство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Друкарство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentin" title="Prentin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Prentin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ڇپائي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڇپائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tamparstvo" title="Štamparstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Štamparstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="මුද්‍රණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මුද්‍රණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing" title="Printing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Printing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%ADhtla%C4%8D" title="Kníhtlač – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kníhtlač" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisk" title="Tisk – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tisk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutsikisa" title="Kutsikisa – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kutsikisa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shtypi" title="Shtypi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shtypi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Штампарство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Штампарство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryckteknik" title="Tryckteknik – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tryckteknik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchapaji" title="Uchapaji – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchapaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="அச்சிடல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அச்சிடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3" title="ముద్రణ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ముద్రణ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C" title="การพิมพ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การพิมพ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglilimbag" title="Paglilimbag – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paglilimbag" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matbaac%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Matbaacılık – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Matbaacılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Матбагачылык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Матбагачылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Друкарство – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друкарство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA" title="طباعت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طباعت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitob_bosish" title="Kitob bosish – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kitob bosish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_%E1%BA%A5n" title="In ấn – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="In ấn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imprimreye" title="Imprimreye – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Imprimreye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpapatik" title="Pagpapatik – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagpapatik" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印刷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99" title="דרוקעריי – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דרוקעריי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaenq" title="Yaenq – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yaenq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-soat" title="Ìn-soat – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-soat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印刷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" rel="discussion" 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&oldid=84434808" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&id=84434808&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%2588%25B7"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258D%25B0%25E5%2588%25B7"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Printing" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11034" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">系列条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="印刷史">印刷史</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/220px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/330px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg/440px-Chodowiecki_Basedow_Tafel_21_c_Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="955" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">印刷技术</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">200</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1040</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B9%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凹版印刷">凹版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1430</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">约<span style="white-space:nowrap;">1440</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%80%E5%88%BB%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB" title="蚀刻版画">蚀刻</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">约<span style="white-space:nowrap;">1515</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9F%94%E6%B1%80" title="美柔汀">美柔汀</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1642</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凸版印刷">凸版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1690</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凹版腐蚀制版法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aquatint"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%B9%E7%89%88%E8%85%90%E8%9A%80%E5%88%B6%E7%89%88%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凹版腐蚀制版法（页面不存在）">凹版腐蚀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatint" class="extiw" title="en:Aquatint"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aquatint</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1772</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="石版印刷">石版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1796</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="平版印刷">平版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1798</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E5%B9%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" title="彩色平版印刷術">彩色平版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1837</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E8%BD%89%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%A9%9F" title="輪轉印刷機">轮转印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1843</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="胶版印刷">胶版印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1860</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%8D%B0" title="胶印">胶印</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1875</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="铸字排版" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hot metal typesetting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%B8%E5%AD%97%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铸字排版（页面不存在）">铸字排版</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_metal_typesetting" class="extiw" title="en:Hot metal typesetting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hot metal typesetting</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1884</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B0" title="油印">油印</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1885</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%BD%AE%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="菊轮打印机">菊轮打印机</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="直接影印机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Photostat machine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="直接影印机（页面不存在）">直接影印和卷相纸复印</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photostat_machine" class="extiw" title="en:Photostat machine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Photostat machine</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1907</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%B2%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="絲網印刷">絲網印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1911</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="酒精复印机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spirit duplicator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%92%E7%B2%BE%E5%A4%8D%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="酒精复印机（页面不存在）">酒精复印机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirit_duplicator" class="extiw" title="en:Spirit duplicator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spirit duplicator</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1923</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E9%98%B5%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="点阵式打印机">点阵式打印机</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%94%B5%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="静电印刷">静电印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1938</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="火花印刷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spark printing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E8%8A%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火花印刷（页面不存在）">火花印刷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark_printing" class="extiw" title="en:Spark printing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spark printing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88" title="照相排版">照相排版</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%A2%A8%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A9%9F" title="噴墨印表機">喷墨印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热升华打印机" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dye-sublimation printer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热升华打印机（页面不存在）">热升华印刷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printer" class="extiw" title="en:Dye-sublimation printer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dye-sublimation printer</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="激光打印机">激光打印</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%95%8F%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="热敏印刷">热敏印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">约<span style="white-space:nowrap;">1972</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="固体墨水" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Solid ink"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固体墨水（页面不存在）">固体墨水印刷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_ink" class="extiw" title="en:Solid ink"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Solid ink</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="热转印" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thermal-transfer printing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E8%BD%AC%E5%8D%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热转印（页面不存在）">热转印</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal-transfer_printing" class="extiw" title="en:Thermal-transfer printing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thermal-transfer printing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/3D%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0" title="3D打印">3D打印</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;padding-right:01:;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="數碼印刷">數碼印刷</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;;">1991</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:印刷史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:印刷史（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:印刷史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg/220px-Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg/330px-Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg/440px-Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>卷筒纸报版胶印机的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%98%E9%A1%B5%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="折页装置（页面不存在）">折页装置</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>印刷</b>是指将影像或文字原稿迅速大量复制的一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a>。一般使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a>将<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="油墨">油墨</a>印在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E5%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="纸张">纸张</a>上，它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a>的基本组成部分。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a>是能够在承印物上印刷的机械。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷术</a>被称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="中国古代四大发明">中国古代四大发明</a>之一，可以说<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a>与印刷术这两项伟大的发明对人类文化知识的传播起到了决定性的作用。 </p><p>今天的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="书籍">书籍</a>通常采用<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%8D%B0" title="胶印">胶印</a>的技术来印刷，有时也采用<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凸版印刷">凸版印刷</a>（主要用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E5%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="目录册（页面不存在）">目录册</a>的印刷，但比較少有）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="印刷的历史"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E7.9A.84.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>印刷的历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：印刷的历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="印刷史">印刷史</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jingangjing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jingangjing.png/250px-Jingangjing.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Jingangjing.png 1.5x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>868年唐代的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="金刚经">金刚般若波罗蜜经</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代印刷术"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E6.9C.AF"></span>古代印刷术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：古代印刷术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>印刷术最早可是追溯到公元前三千年近東<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="兩河流域">兩河流域</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇美">蘇美</a>等文明使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BE%E7%AD%92%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="滾筒印章">滾筒印章</a>製造印刷品，主要用作裝飾品和巫術。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版印刷</a>最早是出現在中國，是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%93%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拓石（页面不存在）">拓石</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AB%A0" title="印章">印章</a>兩種方法逐步發展而合成的，是經過很長時間，積累了許多人的經驗而成。現存最早文獻和最早的雕版印刷實物是在600年，即唐朝初期。 </p> <ul><li>7世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>初期出現雕版印刷。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC" title="沈括">沈括</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%BA%AA%E7%AC%94%E8%B0%88" title="梦溪笔谈">梦溪笔谈</a>·技艺》：“板印书籍，唐人尚未盛爲之。”</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" title="宋仁宗">宋仁宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E6%9B%86" title="慶曆">慶曆</a>年間（1041-1049），<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%A2%E6%98%87" class="mw-redirect" title="畢昇">畢昇</a>發明了膠泥<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷术</a>。</li> <li>1241年至1250年杨古为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E5%BF%85%E7%83%88" title="忽必烈">忽必烈</a>的谋士<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E6%A8%9E" title="姚樞">姚枢</a>用活字版印刷<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a>《小学》、《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%80%9D%E5%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="近思录">近思录</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E7%A5%96%E8%AC%99" title="呂祖謙">吕祖谦</a>的《经史论集》等书散布四方<sup id="cite_ref-未命名-20230318185853_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318185853-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:77</sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元代</a>科學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%A5%AF_(%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D)" title="王祯 (元朝)">王禎</a>（1260-1330）發明木活字版（亦有人支持宋代就有木要活字本，而且提出了幾種版本加以證明。其中常被人們提到的是被稱為宋本活字本的《毛詩》。由於該書的《唐風·山有樞》篇內的一版中“自”字橫排著，完全可以證明是活字版。</li> <li>中國<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="金属活字">金屬活字</a>的早期記載，於元代科學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%A5%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="王祯">王禎</a>(1260-1330）在《造活字印書法》(1298)中談到：「近世又鑄錫作字，以鐵條貫之，作行，嵌於盔內，界行印書，但上項字樣，難以使墨，率多印壞，所以不能久行。」</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>已有雙色紅、黑套印之書籍。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>時期，出現了雙色、四色套印的印刷品，能印出多層次的彩色印刷品。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰内斯·古腾堡">约翰内斯·古腾堡</a>（1397-1468）發明鉛活字版。</li> <li>19世紀初期，改良鉛活字製作技術並傳播至世界各地。</li> <li>1804年，英國人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8E%84%E6%99%AE%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="查爾斯·斯坦厄普，第三代斯坦厄普伯爵">查尔斯·斯坦厄普</a>針對活字版弊，發明<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E5%9E%8B%E9%89%9B%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥型鉛版印刷術（页面不存在）">泥型鉛版印刷術</a>。</li> <li>1829年，法國人謝羅發明<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E5%9E%8B%E9%89%9B%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙型鉛版印刷術（页面不存在）">紙型鉛版印刷術</a>。</li> <li>1855年，法國人M.Cillot發明<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E9%8A%85%E9%8B%85%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="照相銅鋅版印刷技術（页面不存在）">照相銅鋅版印刷技術</a>。進一步發展的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="凸版印刷术">凸版印刷術</a>。</li> <li>1871年，美國人B.B.Blackwell改良<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E5%9E%8B%E9%89%9B%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙型鉛版印刷術（页面不存在）">紙型鉛版印刷術</a>，創用薄鉛版，墊以木底印刷。</li> <li>1882年，德人縻生白克（Meisendach）發明<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E7%B6%B2%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="照相網版印刷術（页面不存在）">照相網版印刷術</a>，將照相制版術向前推進了一大步。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="争议性起源"><span id=".E4.BA.89.E8.AE.AE.E6.80.A7.E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>争议性起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：争议性起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/220px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/330px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg/440px-Korean_book-Jikji-Selected_Teachings_of_Buddhist_Sages_and_Seon_Masters-1377.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>最古老的金属活字印刷本<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%8C%87%E5%BF%83%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%81%E7%AF%80" title="直指心體要節">直指心體要節</a>，1377年</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg/200px-Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg/300px-Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg/400px-Yangzhou-Double-Museum-2869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>扬州雕版印刷博物馆</figcaption></figure> <p>世界上最早的雕版印刷是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>发明的。十九世纪末曾有日本学者島田主张中国在6世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D" title="六朝">六朝</a>就有雕版印刷，根据是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8F%E4%B9%8B%E6%8E%A8" title="顏之推">顏之推</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9C%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E8%AE%AD" title="颜氏家训">颜氏家训</a>》有“书本”一词；又根据<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a>《河汾燕閑錄》中“隋開皇十三年十二月八日敕廢像遺經悉令雕版”一语，认为最晚在隋朝已有雕版印刷。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>最早的印刷品紀錄 </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%B5%E7%A7%80%E6%B0%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="張秀民（页面不存在）">張秀民</a>著《中國印刷史》中提出雕版印書始於<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E8%A7%80_(%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="貞觀 (唐朝)">貞觀</a>，其主要依據是明史學家邵經邦的《弘簡錄》，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>令梓行<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%AD%AB%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="長孫皇后">長孫皇后</a>的遺著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%88%99" title="女则">女則</a>》約在貞觀十年（636年）印刷。書中還引唐<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E8%B4%84" title="馮贄">馮贄</a>《雲仙散錄》：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a>印施普賢菩薩像（約645～664年）施送四方為旁證。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90" class="mw-redirect" title="唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="開元">開元</a>年間（713～714年）雕本《開元雜報》是世界最早的報紙。</li></ul> <p>唐代文献根据有 </p> <ul><li>（唐）<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%87%80" title="义净">义净</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%AF%84%E5%BD%92%E5%86%85%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A0" title="南海寄归内法传">南海寄归内法传</a>》：“造泥制底及托模泥像，或印绢纸随处供养。”</li> <li>（唐）<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E8%B4%84" title="馮贄">冯贽</a>《云仙散录》：“<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a>以回锋纸印普贤像施于四众，每岁五驮无余。”</li></ul> <p>雕版印刷佛像在唐朝的盛行，和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>有莫大关系，在中国、朝鲜、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>，佛教技师对早期印刷术的改进及传承做出了巨大贡献。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>后来印刷的范围扩大到其他经典。 </p> <ul><li>（宋）<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%9B%8A" title="朱益">朱益</a>《猗觉寮杂记》：“雕印文字，唐以前无之，唐末益州始有墨版，后唐方镂《九经》”。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印刷品实物"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E5.93.81.E5.AE.9E.E7.89.A9"></span>印刷品实物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：印刷品实物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>现存最早的印刷品实物有： </p> <ul><li>1906年新疆吐鲁番出土的690年-699年《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">妙法莲华经</a>》，现藏日本。</li> <li>1966年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韓國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B6%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="慶州市">慶州</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA" title="佛国寺">佛國寺</a>发现的《無垢淨光大陀羅尼經》，刻印于7世纪末中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9" title="武则天">武则天</a>时代。韩国学者认为此经刻于<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BD%97" title="新罗">新罗</a>。日本学者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%B3%BD%E8%A7%84%E7%9F%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长泽规矩（页面不存在）">长泽规矩</a>对《無垢淨光大陀羅尼經》是否刻于新罗抱怀疑态度，美国学者钱存训、中国学者张秀民认为此经是唐朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8" title="武周">武周</a>刻本，流入新罗。近期研究表明《無垢淨光大陀羅尼經》在唐武周长安元年（701年）在洛阳佛瘦寺翻译完毕，次年刊于长安，703年分批传入新罗<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="奈良县">奈良</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9A%86%E5%AF%BA" title="法隆寺">法隆寺</a>《百万塔陀罗尼经》，约770年印刷于日本。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a>发现的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%9A%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="金刚经">金刚经</a>》，868年印刷，雕工精细，远胜早先的陀羅尼經。</li></ul> <p>中国传统的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%BB" title="年画">年画</a>中至今还保留有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%BB" title="木版年画">木版年画</a>工艺，例如著名的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9F%B3%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%BB" title="杨柳青年画">杨柳青年画</a>。 </p><p>由于<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版印刷</a>制作的印版只能用于特定的印刷品，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E7%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="制版">制版</a>的工作量很大、效率低下，使得早期印刷品非常珍贵。为解决制版的问题，后来发明了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷术</a>，由于组版中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="活字">活字</a>可以重复使用，使印刷的整体效率大大提高。早期的活字使用胶泥制作，近代则改进为使用铅字。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="活字">活字</a>印刷是由中国北宋1040年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%98%87" title="毕昇">毕昇</a>发明。由当时著名科学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC" title="沈括">沈括</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%BA%AA%E7%AC%94%E8%B0%88" title="梦溪笔谈">梦溪笔谈</a>》记载保存，完整无遗地包括制字、贮字、排版、拆板和刷印等一整套活字印刷术工序，与后世铅字排版的原理完全相同。毕昇发明的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B6%E6%B3%A5%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胶泥活字印刷（页面不存在）">胶泥活字印刷</a>经过精心设计，反复试验才获得成功。早期活字印刷品的陆续发现和泥活字实证研究成果，证实了毕昇活字印刷术的真实性和科学性。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="金属活字">金属活字</a>印刷也是在北宋发明的。在12世纪和13世纪，活字印刷术在亚洲广为传播，有许多阿拉伯文和中文的图书馆，含有几万书印刷的书。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="金属活字">金属活字</a>发明于宋代的根据是： </p> <ol><li>元代科学家王祯（1260-1330）在《造活字印书法》（1298）中谈到：“近世又铸锡作字，以铁条贯之，作行，嵌于盔内，界行印书，但上项字样，难以使墨，率多印坏，所以不能久行。”这是中国关于金属活字的早期记载。元初人所说的近世当然是宋代，说明用锡活字印书是在宋代。由非金属活字到金属活字，是印刷材料和造字工艺上的重大改革。</li> <li>清藏书家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%99%E4%BB%8E%E6%B7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孙从添（页面不存在）">孙从添</a>（1769-1840）在《藏书纪要》（1810）中载：“宋刻有铜字刻本、活字本”。明明确确说明宋代有铜活字本。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印刷的传播"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E7.9A.84.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD"></span>印刷的传播</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：印刷的传播"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="朝鮮半島"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E5.8D.8A.E5.B3.B6"></span>朝鮮半島</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：朝鮮半島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>754年唐代高僧<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%B4%E7%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="鉴真">鉴真</a>东渡日本，主持印刷三部佛经，将印刷术传入日本。</li> <li>日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>《百万塔陀罗尼经》刻本与韩国<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%86%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="庆州">庆州</a>发现的《无垢净光大陀罗尼经》同属中国唐武周洛阳刻本，可能是日本僧人<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%85%88" class="mw-redirect" title="道慈">道慈</a>两次来华时带回日本的<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <ul><li>1592年日本侵略<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鲜</a>失败，带回数以万计的铜活字，1593年刊行《古文孝经》。1607年<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B1%9F%E5%85%BC%E7%BB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="直江兼续">直江兼续</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>刊行铜活字《本六臣注文选》61卷。1615年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1" title="林羅山">林罗山</a>排印铜活字本《大藏要览》125部，1616年又印铜活字本群书治要60部。活字多来自朝鲜补以在日本的汉人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%94%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林五官（页面不存在）">林五官</a>铸造的1.3万字<sup id="cite_ref-pan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>1637年日本大僧<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B5%B7" title="天海">天海</a>受<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>将军德川家兴之名主持刻印木活字《一切经》1453部6323卷<sup id="cite_ref-pan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="菲律宾"><span id=".E8.8F.B2.E5.BE.8B.E5.AE.BE"></span>菲律宾</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：菲律宾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1593年菲律宾又中文印本出现，菲律宾最早的印工是一位中国教徒<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E7%BB%B4%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰维拉（页面不存在）">约翰维拉</a>，他在菲律宾创建第一家印刷厂；菲律宾第一部中文基督教义就是他刊印的。原书已失，现存1606年中文木板刻的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BE%BF%E8%A7%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正教便览（页面不存在）">正教便览</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="西亚"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9A"></span>西亚</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：西亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg/300px-Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg/450px-Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg/600px-Egyptian_block_printing_fragment_of_Koran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>十世纪埃及雕版印刷古兰经残片 10x10 厘米</figcaption></figure> <p>中國的元代，中國和歐洲的交往有了很大的發展。一是蒙古的遠征，將中國的文化帶到西方，一是西方的傳教土也多次來到中國，回國時也帶去了中國的印刷技術。13世紀，意大利人<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅">馬可·波羅</a>在中國旅居多年，在他的《遊記》中，敘述了中國印刷紙幣的情況。他的這些介紹，使歐洲人知道了中國的印刷情況。據說，在這一時期，也有人把中國的印刷品及雕版帶到歐洲。中国的印刷术最可能通过穿过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="维吾尔">维吾尔</a>人传入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>，经过<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="阿拉伯世界">阿拉伯</a>世界传播到欧洲。目前发现的世界上最早的活字母雕版，是在敦煌发现的14世纪古维吾尔文木活字。 </p><p>1880年考古学家在埃及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%A4%E5%A7%86" title="法尤姆">法尤姆</a>发现五十余幅自900年至1350年的雕版印刷品残片，其中包括祈祷文和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a>片断，这些印刷品都是用黑墨印在纸上，拓印如同中国印刷，并非压印。学界一般认为埃及的雕版印刷来自中国而不是土生土长的<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1294年当时统治<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>的蒙古人<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%B4%8A" title="合贊">凯嘉图汗</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB" title="大不里士">大不里士</a>印发仿元钞票，上印有汉文“钞”字<sup id="cite_ref-#1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1310年波斯历史学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉希德·丁（页面不存在）">拉希德·丁</a>在《世界史》一书中详细记载中国雕版印刷术<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>尽管印刷术很早就传入阿拉伯世界，但受到宗教的阻挠，尤其在1727年，伊斯兰最高领袖宣布，印刷古兰经有违伊斯兰教义，明令禁止，以致印刷术在阿拉伯世界未能发展 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1707年，有個名叫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依拉希姆（页面不存在）">依拉希姆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="匈牙利人">匈牙利人</a>，曾向土耳其申請在君士坦丁建立印刷所，當時蘇丹亞海默特三世雖予批准，但規定古兰经只可抄写，不准印刷，1729年該所出版了一部埃及史，引起了強烈的反對。一直1825年，阿拉伯各地再沒有進行過印刷的嘗試。不过15世纪也仍有在<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>印刷的阿拉伯文古兰经，不过16世纪<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a>也仍然存在用阿拉伯文印刷。1797年俄国<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%8D%A1%E6%8D%B7%E7%90%B3%E5%A8%9C%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="叶卡捷琳娜二世">凯瑟琳大帝</a>还在俄国用雕版印刷古兰经<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="欧洲"><span id=".E6.AC.A7.E6.B4.B2"></span>欧洲</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：欧洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Dynasty_playing_card,_c._1400.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ming_Dynasty_playing_card%2C_c._1400.jpg/150px-Ming_Dynasty_playing_card%2C_c._1400.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ming_Dynasty_playing_card%2C_c._1400.jpg/225px-Ming_Dynasty_playing_card%2C_c._1400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ming_Dynasty_playing_card%2C_c._1400.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>吐鲁番发现的1400年纸牌</figcaption></figure> <p>歐洲同中國一樣，最先出現的是雕版印刷，爾後出現的是活字印刷。歐洲人發現中國的活字印刷比雕版印刷效率更高於是很快就把雕版印刷淘汰掉了。關於中國印刷術當時是如何傳入歐洲，在多方研究著述上談及主要有三個路線： </p> <ul><li>其一是僑居<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙元">蒙元</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州城">杭州</a>這一大當時印刷業中心的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="威尼斯人">威尼斯人</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="歐洲民族">歐洲人</a>為中介，鏈接<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%A2%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="海上絲綢之路">商路</a>經<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a>將印刷術傳入歐洲<sup id="cite_ref-未命名-20230318185853_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-未命名-20230318185853-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:182～183</sup>；</li></ul> <ul><li>其二是經由中亞、西亞、北非，最後傳到歐洲；</li></ul> <ul><li>其三則是從<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%BA%97" title="高麗">高麗</a>經由<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E7%BD%95" title="撒馬爾罕">撒馬爾罕</a>商道，到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加河">伏爾加河</a>中上游的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%96%A9%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="可薩汗國">可薩汗國</a>，入<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="诺夫哥罗德公国">諾夫哥羅德</a>而到達<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%90%A8%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="汉萨同盟">漢薩</a>，由此促生了<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰尼斯·古騰堡">古滕堡</a>的印刷術<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:164～168</sup>。</li></ul> <p>发明于中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E7%89%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="纸牌">纸牌</a>在十字军东征前传入西亚14世纪初传入欧洲，1377年<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和德国出现纸牌，1379年<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>出现纸牌，1381年法国出现纸牌<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>德国人認為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="美因兹">美因兹</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰内斯·古腾堡">约翰内斯·古腾堡</a>在1440年发明了印刷技术，从葡萄酒压榨机改进的机器设计，古腾堡开发了使用凸起的活字，从一开始就使用油性墨。<mark class="noprint template-facttext" title="可能为原创研究">不過，研究學者經過大量的研究與考證得出結論，西方的活字印刷術來源就是中國，</mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究"><span title="原创研究验证请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[原創研究？]</span></span></a></sup>漢學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E7%94%B0%E6%9C%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安田朴（页面不存在）">安田朴</a>曾以“歐洲中心論欺騙行為的代表作：所謂古腾堡可能是印刷術的發明人”為題論證<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工业时代印刷术"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E6.9C.AF"></span>工业时代印刷术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：工业时代印刷术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a>的发明，将印刷技术从手工阶段带入到机械阶段。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="印刷对知识传播的影响"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E5.AF.B9.E7.9F.A5.E8.AF.86.E4.BC.A0.E6.92.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>印刷对知识传播的影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：印刷对知识传播的影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>印刷机的开发使知识的传播发生了革命性的变化：1469年在威尼斯成立第一家印刷社（即出版社），1500年该城就有印刷厂417家。1476年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93" title="威廉·卡克斯頓">威廉·卡克斯顿</a>在英格兰成立第一家印刷社°在1539年，西班牙人Juan Pablos在墨西哥的墨西哥城。Stephen Day于1628年在美国麻塞诸塞海湾地区建立了北美第一家印刷社，并协助成立了剑桥出版社。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="信息时代印刷术"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E6.81.AF.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E6.9C.AF"></span>信息时代印刷术</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：信息时代印刷术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在电子技术迅速发展的过程中，印刷进入了电子控制和自动化的时期，电子排版、电子分色、电子雕版广泛应用，在印刷质量和效率上都得到了巨大提高。<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">计算机</a>的应用继续将印刷带入了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数字印刷（页面不存在）">数字印刷</a>时代，使传统工艺难于完成的小品种、多变化印刷得以顺利实现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電腦印刷"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.85.A6.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7"></span>電腦印刷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：電腦印刷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="打印机">打印机</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="文件">文件</a>可通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="激光印字机">激光印字机</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%A2%A8%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A9%9F" title="噴墨印表機">喷墨打印机</a>或其它<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="电脑打印机">電腦打印机</a>。在最近几年，计算机打印和工业化印刷工艺已经融合在一起，导致<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="數位印刷">数位印刷</a>的发展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他印刷"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7"></span>其他印刷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：其他印刷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB" title="版画">版画</a>的绘制过程也常称为印刷，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="影印">影印</a>也是印刷的一种。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="立体印刷"><span id=".E7.AB.8B.E4.BD.93.E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7"></span>立体印刷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：立体印刷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="立体印刷" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lenticular printing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立体印刷（页面不存在）">立体印刷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenticular_printing" class="extiw" title="en:Lenticular printing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lenticular printing</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>立体印刷也叫3D透镜印刷是一种印刷效果,光学折射出来栩栩如生的立体效果，物体是由传统印刷(分层设计)和光栅材料。2008年,一公司例如宏大立体印刷提出立体印刷解决方案. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="三维打印"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E7.BB.B4.E6.89.93.E5.8D.B0"></span>三维打印</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：三维打印"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="三维打印">三维打印</a> 是一种制造技术，物体是由三维文件和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BB%B4%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="三维打印机">三维打印机</a>生成。物体制造是通过一层层材料的叠加而打印出来. 在2012年, 一些公司例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sculpteo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sculpteo（页面不存在）">Sculpteo</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shapeways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shapeways（页面不存在）">Shapeways</a>提出网上的三维打印解决方案. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top">方法 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" title="活字印刷术">活字印刷术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%8D%B0" title="胶印">胶印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="彩色印刷">彩色印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B9%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凹版印刷">凹版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凸版印刷">凸版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="平版印刷">平版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="紙版印刷">紙版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="無版印刷">無版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔版印刷（页面不存在）">孔版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E6%80%A7%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="柔性版印刷">柔性版印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%87%B9%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="照相凹板（页面不存在）">照相凹板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E4%BC%AA%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="防伪印刷">防伪印刷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E7%A7%8D%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特种印刷（页面不存在）">特种印刷</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top">人物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%98%87" title="毕昇">毕昇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%A5%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="王祯">王祯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_d%27Ambergau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam d'Ambergau（页面不存在）">Adam d'Ambergau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bruce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Bruce（页面不存在）">David Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Clowes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Clowes（页面不存在）">William Clowes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_E._Clymer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George E. Clymer（页面不存在）">George E. Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Fedorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Fedorov（页面不存在）">Ivan Fedorov</a>，第一位<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>印刷工</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰内斯·古腾堡">约翰内斯·古腾堡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francysk_Skaryna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francysk Skaryna（页面不存在）">Francysk Skaryna</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>ian printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A5%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="王楨">王桢</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top">其它 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BA%B9%E8%BE%8A" title="网纹辊">网纹辊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%85%E8%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="装订">装订</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CIP4" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="CIP4"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CIP4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIP4（页面不存在）">CIP4</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIP4" class="extiw" title="de:CIP4"><span lang="de" dir="auto">CIP4</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUPS" title="CUPS">CUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E7%9A%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="書皮">书皮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E8%A3%85%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮装书（页面不存在）">皮装书</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="靠模车床" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geometric lathe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%A0%E6%A8%A1%E8%BD%A6%E5%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靠模车床（页面不存在）">靠模车床</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_lathe" class="extiw" title="en:Geometric lathe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geometric lathe</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%88%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="古版书">古版书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E7%BA%B8%E6%9C%AF" title="造纸术">造纸术</a></li></ul> </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="互联网打印协议">互联网打印协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88" title="排版">排版</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="活件定义格式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Job Definition Format"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BB%E4%BB%B6%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="活件定义格式（页面不存在）">活件定义格式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_Definition_Format" class="extiw" title="en:Job Definition Format"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Job Definition Format</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（JDF）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="活字">活字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爱尔兰国家印刷博物馆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National Print Museum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱尔兰国家印刷博物馆（页面不存在）">爱尔兰国家印刷博物馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Print_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:National Print Museum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National Print Museum</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E6%9B%B8" title="二手書">二手書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="書盒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slipcase"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E7%9B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書盒（页面不存在）">書盒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipcase" class="extiw" title="en:Slipcase"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slipcase</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="凸版印刷术">凸版印刷术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="文字处理">文字处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E9%81%B8%E5%88%97%E5%8D%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="隨選列印">隨選列印</a>POD（print on demand）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="字体排印学">字体排印学</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-未命名-20230318185853-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-未命名-20230318185853_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-未命名-20230318185853_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">张秀民《中国印刷术的发明及其影响》 1958 人民出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E8%BE%BE" title="向达">向达</a>著《唐代刊书考》收入《唐代长安与西域文明》河北教育出版社2002年ISBN 978-7-5434-4237-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">阿马蒂亚·森. 《惯于争鸣的印度人》. 上海: 上海三联书店. 2007年11月: 62. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787542626172" title="Special:网络书源/9787542626172"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787542626172</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&rft.au=%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%A3%AE&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%83%AF%E4%BA%8E%E4%BA%89%E9%B8%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787542626172&rft.pages=62&rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%89%E8%81%94%E4%B9%A6%E5%BA%97&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">潘吉星《论韩国发现的印本》《無垢淨光大陀羅尼經》科学通报 1997 42（10） 1009-1028</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">潘吉星《中国金属活字印刷史》第七章《活字印刷术在日本和越南的传播》 183页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pan-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pan_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pan_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">潘吉星《中国金属活字印刷技术史》第七章《活字印刷在日本和越南的传播》 188页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张秀民《中国印刷术的发明及其影响》 1958年人民出版社 168页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Francis Carter <i>The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westward</i>, The ronald Press, NY 2nd ed 1955, p176-178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">钱存训中国纸和印刷文化史 2004 285页 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787563344727" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-5633-4472-7</a>/TS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">韩琪《中国科学技术的西传及其影响》 136页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="托马斯·弗朗西斯·卡特">托马斯·弗朗西斯·卡特</a>Thomas Francis Carter <i>The Invention of Printing in China and its Spread Westward</i>, The ronald Press, NY 2nd ed 1955, p172-173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张秀民《中国印刷术的发明及其影响》 1958年人民出版社 173页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thoms Francis Carter, The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward p178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thoms Francis Carter, The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward p150-151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Geoffrey F. Hudson. Europe and China : a survey of their relations from the earliest times to 1800. Gordon Press Publishers. 1976. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780849017933" title="Special:网络书源/9780849017933"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780849017933</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&rft.au=Geoffrey+F.+Hudson&rft.btitle=Europe+and+China+%3A+a+survey+of+their+relations+from+the+earliest+times+to+1800&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780849017933&rft.pub=Gordon+Press+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">钱存训《中国纸和印刷文化史》 287页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A5%BF%E5%82%B3%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國文化西傳歐洲史（页面不存在）">中國文化西傳歐洲史</a>》，[法]安田朴著，耿昇譯，商務印書館2000年7月。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究書目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：研究書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>张秀民：《中国印刷术的发明及其影响》（上海人民出版社, 2009）。</li> <li>錢存訓：《中國古代書籍紙墨及印刷術》（北京：北京圖書館出版社，2002）。</li> <li>錢存訓：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_008_002_01_10.pdf">印刷術在中國傳統文化中的功能</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210106034903/http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/01_008_002_01_10.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>潘吉星：《中國、韓國與歐洲早期印刷術的比較》（北京：科學出版社，1997）。</li> <li>潘吉星：《中國古代四大發明——源流、外傳及世界影響》（合肥：中國科學技術大學出版社，2002）。</li> <li>T.F. Carter著，吳澤炎譯：《中國印刷術的發明和它的西傳》（上海：商務印書館，1957）。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/印刷">印刷语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="書籍出版流程" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B" title="Template:書籍出版流程"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:書籍出版流程（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:書籍出版流程"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="書籍出版流程" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">書籍<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a>流程</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">準備<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF" title="文稿">文稿</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">提案（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="作家">作家</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E7%B6%93%E7%B4%80%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="作家經紀人（页面不存在）">作家經紀人</a>）- 合約談判（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="智慧財產權">智慧財產權</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%A8%85" title="版稅">版稅</a>配比、計劃等）- <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%A8%BF" title="原稿">原稿</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" title="编辑">编辑</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印前作業</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E5%B9%80" title="裝幀">設計</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88" title="排版">排版</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" title="校對">校對</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E7%89%88" title="拼版">拼版</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">書籍製作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">印刷</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%BA%E9%A0%81" title="摺頁">摺頁</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E8%A8%82" title="裝訂">裝訂</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%81%E5%88%87" title="書本裁切">裁切</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="印表機" style="text-align:left; vertical-align: top;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Printer" title="Template:Printer"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Printer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Printer（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Printer" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Printer"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="印表機" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="打印机">印表機</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; background:#efefef;">技術</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">印刷</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E5%AD%97%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="打字機">打字機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%B0%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="影印機">影印機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B9%AA%E5%9C%96%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="繪圖機（页面不存在）">繪圖機</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; background:#efefef;">種類</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="激光打印机">激光打印机</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E5%A2%A8%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A9%9F" title="噴墨印表機">噴墨打印機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BB%E6%89%93%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="击打式打印机">擊打式打印機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%BD%AE%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="菊轮打印机">菊轮打印机</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E9%98%B5%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="点阵式打印机">點陣式打印機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%BA" title="行式打印机">行式打印機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E8%BD%89%E5%8D%B0%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱轉印印表機（页面不存在）">熱轉印印表機</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E6%98%87%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱昇華印表機（页面不存在）">熱昇華印表機</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; background:#efefef;">廠商</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">惠隆（FUTEK）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E6%99%AE" title="惠普">惠普</a>（HP）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%99%AE%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="愛普生">愛普生</a>（Epson）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%B3%E8%83%BD" title="佳能">佳能</a>（Canon）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%9B%9F" title="利盟">利盟</a>（Lexmark）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="兄弟工業">兄弟</a>（Brother）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E6%96%BD%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="富士施樂">富士施乐</a>（Fuji Xerox）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%85%89" title="理光">理光</a>（Ricoh）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" title="沖電氣工業">沖電氣工業</a>（OKI）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; background:#efefef;">耗材</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%B2%89" title="墨粉">碳粉</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E7%9B%92_(%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E6%A9%9F)" title="墨盒 (打印機)">墨盒</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="墨水">墨水</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%B8%A6" title="色带">色带</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11034#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11034#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11034#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4008598-3">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536364005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85106751">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564152">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tisk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126649&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300053319">AAT</a></span></li></ul> 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