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id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Significato_del_termine_e_condizioni_della_cerimonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significato_del_termine_e_condizioni_della_cerimonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Significato del termine e condizioni della cerimonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significato_del_termine_e_condizioni_della_cerimonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione_del_rito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione_del_rito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrizione del rito</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descrizione_del_rito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Upanayana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 27 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="উপনয়ন - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উপনয়ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5" title="जनेव - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जनेव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="উপনয়ন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপনয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Upanayana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanajano" title="Upanajano - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Upanajano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upav%C4%ABta" title="Upavīta - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Upavīta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Upanayana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A4" title="યજ્ઞોપવીત - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યજ્ઞોપવીત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4" title="यज्ञोपवीत - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यज्ञोपवीत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanajana" title="Upanajana - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Upanajana" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upawita" title="Upawita - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Upawita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಪನಯನ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಪನಯನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="उपनयन - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उपनयन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഉപനയനം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപനയനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C" title="मुंज - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मुंज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="व्रतबन्ध - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्रतबन्ध" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Upanayana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%A8" title="ବ୍ରତୋପନୟନ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବ୍ରତୋପନୟନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%8A" title="ਜਨੇਊ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਨੇਊ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanajana" title="Upanajana - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Upanajana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Упанаяна - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Упанаяна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="उपनयनम् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उपनयनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱩᱯᱱᱚᱭᱚᱱ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱯᱱᱚᱭᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உபநயனம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உபநயனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఉపనయనము - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉపనయనము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Упанаяна - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Упанаяна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3" title="烏帕那亞那 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏帕那亞那" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Upanayanam.jpg/330px-Upanayanam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Upanayanam.jpg/440px-Upanayanam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Un giovane hindu durante il rito dello <i>upanayana</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Upanayana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">devanāgarī</a> उपनयनम्) è un sostantivo neutro <a href="/wiki/Sanscrito" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanscrito">sanscrito</a> con cui si indica la cerimonia di <a href="/wiki/Iniziazione" title="Iniziazione">iniziazione</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Diksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Diksha">diksha</a></i>) dei fanciulli di sesso maschile<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appartenenti alle <a href="/wiki/Caste_indiane" class="mw-redirect" title="Caste indiane">caste</a> <i>ārya</i> (nobili),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in cui questi acquisiscono lo <i>status</i> di "nati due volte" (<i><a href="/wiki/Dvija" title="Dvija">dvija</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entrando nel primo <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama" title="Āśrama">āśrama</a></i>, quello del <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacarya</a></i> (lett.: "condotta in armonia col <i><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></i>"), e divenendo quindi dei <i>brahmacārin</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significato_del_termine_e_condizioni_della_cerimonia">Significato del termine e condizioni della cerimonia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Significato del termine e condizioni della cerimonia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Significato del termine e condizioni della cerimonia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine <i>upanayana</i> ha il significato di "condurre vicino" ovvero di "condurre un giovane discepolo vicino ad un maestro affinché conosca il <i><a href="/wiki/Veda" title="Veda">Veda</a></i>". </p><p>Secondo <a href="/wiki/Jan_Gonda" title="Jan Gonda">Jan Gonda</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tale cerimonia ha origini preistoriche, mentre per <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Piano" title="Stefano Piano">Stefano Piano</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> essa possiede quantomeno antiche origini indoiraniche avendo, la cultura religiosa <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianesimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrianesimo">zoroastriana</a>, cerimonie del tutto analoghe. </p><p>L'età della cerimonia varia a seconda del <i><a href="/wiki/Var%E1%B9%87a" title="Varṇa">varṇa</a></i> di appartenenza del fanciullo, la durata dello <i>status</i> di <i><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81carya" title="Brahmācarya">Brahmācarya</a></i> è invece stabilita in dodici anni. </p><p>Il periodo ritenuto propizio per questa iniziazione è anch'esso stabilito secondo il <i><a href="/wiki/Var%E1%B9%87a" title="Varṇa">varṇa</a></i> del fanciullo: </p> <ul><li>primavera (<i>vasanta</i>) per quello <i>brāhmaṇa</i>;</li> <li>estate (<i>grīṣma</i>) per quello <i>kṣatriya</i>;</li> <li>autunno (<i>śarad</i>) per quello <i>vaiśya</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione_del_rito">Descrizione del rito</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione del rito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione del rito"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dopo una notte trascorsa in silenzio, il fanciullo consuma l'ultimo pasto con la madre e viene condotto presso un capanno dove lo attende il maestro (<i>guru</i>, <i>ācārya</i>) vicino ad un fuoco sacrificale (<i>agni</i>) acceso, fuoco che deve essere alimentato per tutta la durata della cerimonia <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Quindi il fanciullo viene rasato (<i>muṇḍana</i>) lasciando solo un ciuffo di capelli sul capo (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Aikh%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Śikhā (la pagina non esiste)">śikhā</a></i>), e si procede con il suo bagno di purificazione, dal quale esce per indossare un <a href="/wiki/Perizoma" title="Perizoma">perizoma</a> (<i>kaupīna</i>), proprio anche dei rinuncianti. </p><p>Allora si avvicina al maestro (<i>guru</i>, <i>ācārya</i>) chiedendogli di essere ammesso come <i>brahmācarin</i>, quest'ultimo approvando la sua richiesta si posiziona davanti al fuoco sacrificale con il volto verso Oriente, mentre il discepolo gli si pone innanzi con il volto verso Occidente. Porgendogli l'offerta di burro fuso (<i>ghṛtha</i>) il discepolo tocca il maestro che a questo punto lo veste con nuove vesti: una per la parte superiore del corpo (<i>uttarīya</i>) e una seconda per quella inferiore (<i>vāsas</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e legandogli alla vita una cintura (<i>mekhalā</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> avente lo scopo di proteggerlo da ciò che è negativo e che rappresenta il cordone ombelicale della "nuova nascita". </p><p>Segue la consegna di una pelle di antilope (<i>ajina</i>), che sarà il tappeto del discepolo. Per mezzo di opportuni <i><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a></i>, il maestro versa con le mani unite dell'acqua nelle mani unite dell'allievo, invitandolo poi a dirigere lo sguardo verso il sole (<i>ādityadarśana</i>), quindi lo invita a compiere un giro in senso orario (<i>pradakṣiṇa</i>) intorno a lui e toccandolo all'altezza del cuore, lo invita a salire su una pietra posta a Settentrione del fuoco sacrificale, spronandolo ad essere "forte come una pietra". Afferratagli la mano il maestro accoglie il discepolo invitandolo a pronunciare il suo nuovo nome. Dopo averlo guidato in una circumambulazione intorno al fuoco sacrificale gli consegna lo <i><a href="/wiki/Yaj%C3%B1opav%C4%ABta" title="Yajñopavīta">yajñopavīta</a></i>, il cordone sacro posto, di norma sopra la spalla sinistra facendolo scendere sotto il fianco destro. </p><p>Il primo insegnamento al giovane <i>brahmācarin</i> consiste nell'impartirgli i versi del <i><a href="/wiki/G%C4%81yatr%C4%AB" title="Gāyatrī">Gāyatrī</a></i> preceduto dalle tre sillabe mistiche dette <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vy%C4%81h%E1%B9%9Bti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyāhṛti (la pagina non esiste)">vyāhṛti</a></i>: <i>bhūḥ</i>, <i>bhuvaḥ</i>, <i>svaḥ</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="sanscrito">SA</abbr></span>) <p>«tat saviturvareṇyaṃ<br />bhargho devasya dhīmahi<br />dhiyo yo naḥ pracodayāt» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Meditiamo sullo splendore eccelso del divino Sole (Vivificante), possa Egli illuminare le nostre menti» </p> </div></div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small><i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Agveda" title="Ṛgveda">Ṛgveda</a></i> III,62,10</small>)</p></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">L'<i>upanayana</i> per le ragazze coincide con il matrimonio, cfr. <i><a href="/wiki/Manusm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Manusmṛti">Manusmṛti</a></i> II, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cioè dei fanciulli appartenenti ad uno dei tre seguenti <i><a href="/wiki/Var%E1%B9%87a" title="Varṇa">varṇa</a></i>: <i>brāhmaṇa</i>, <i>kṣatriya</i> o <i>vaiśya</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Nell'<i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i> XI,5,3 il maestro fa del giovane allievo un embrione (<i>garbha</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Gonda" title="Jan Gonda">Jan Gonda</a>. <i>Le Religioni dell'India: Veda e antico induismo</i>. Milano, Jaca Book, 1981, pag.170; ma anche <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Stutley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Stutley (la pagina non esiste)">Margaret Stutleye</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Stutley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Stutley (la pagina non esiste)">James Stutley</a>. <i>Dizionario dell'Induismo</i>. Roma, Ubaldini, 1980, pag.452</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">In <i>Hinduismo</i>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Filoramo" title="Giovanni Filoramo">Giovanni Filoramo</a> (a cura di), Bari, Laterza, 2007, pag.187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80pastamba_Grhyas%C5%ABtra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Āpastamba Grhyasūtra (la pagina non esiste)">Āpastamba Grhyasūtra</a></i> XI,20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Tradizionalmente anche i colori e i materiali delle vesti differiscono a seconda della casta a cui appartengono i fanciulli.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Anch'essa di diverso materiale e fattura a seconda della casta di provenienza del discepolo.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABk%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Dīkṣā">Dīkṣā</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upanayana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; 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padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti" title="Template:Divinità e riti induisti"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Divinità e riti induisti (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Divinit%C3%A0_e_riti_induisti&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">Divinità</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rito_liturgico" title="Rito liturgico">riti</a> propri dell'<a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">induismo</a>, del <a href="/wiki/Vedismo" title="Vedismo">vedismo</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Bramanesimo" title="Bramanesimo">bramanesimo</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Deva" title="Deva">Divinità maschili</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmā">Brahmā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Siva_(divinit%C3%A0)" title="Siva (divinità)">Siva</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visn%C3%B9" title="Visnù">Visnù</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Agni_(divinit%C3%A0)" title="Agni (divinità)">Agni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvin" title="Aśvin">Aśvin</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chandra_(divinit%C3%A0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra (divinità)">Chandra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ma" title="Kāma">Kāma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Karttikeya" title="Karttikeya">Karttikeya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Krishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna">Krishna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ma" title="Rāma">Rāma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C5%ABrya" title="Sūrya">Sūrya</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Varu%E1%B9%87a" title="Varuṇa">Varuṇa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81yu" title="Vāyu">Vāyu</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%9Bvakarm%C4%81" title="Viśvakarmā">Viśvakarmā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">altri</a></i></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/90px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%AB" title="Devī">Divinità femminili</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Sarasvatī">Sarasvatī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lak%E1%B9%A3m%C4%AB" title="Lakṣmī">Lakṣmī</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adit%C4%AB" title="Aditī">Aditī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Durg%C4%81" title="Durgā">Durgā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ga%E1%B9%85g%C4%81" title="Gaṅgā">Gaṅgā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81l%C4%AB" title="Kālī">Kālī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81vidy%C4%81" title="Mahāvidyā">Mahāvidyā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81t%E1%B9%9Bk%C4%81" title="Mātṛkā">Mātṛkā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81dh%C4%81" title="Rādhā">Rādhā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sati_(divinit%C3%A0_induista)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sati (divinità induista)">Satī</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aakti" title="Śakti">Śakti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/S%C4%ABt%C4%81" title="Sītā">Sītā</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/U%E1%B9%A3%C3%A1s" title="Uṣás">Uṣás</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_(dea)" title="Yamuna (dea)">Yami</a><b> ·</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_induiste" title="Divinità induiste">altre</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Rito_liturgico#Induismo" title="Rito liturgico">Riti</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Agnichayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnichayana">Agnichayana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvamedha" title="Aśvamedha">Aśvamedha</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Namakarana" title="Namakarana">Namakarana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Pūjā">Pūjā</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Upanayana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yaj%C3%B1a" title="Yajña">Yajña</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Induismo" title="Induismo">Induismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vedismo" title="Vedismo">Vedismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bramanesimo" title="Bramanesimo">Bramanesimo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scivaismo" title="Scivaismo">Scivaismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Visnuismo" title="Visnuismo">Visnuismo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Shaktismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaktismo">Shaktismo</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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