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Qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash - Vikipediya

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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Boshqa tildagi maqolaga oʻting. 19 ta tilda mavjud" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 ta til</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="زراعة آلية – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زراعة آلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanisierung_der_Landwirtschaft" title="Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft – nemischa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemischa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanised_agriculture" title="Mechanised agriculture – inglizcha" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mechanised agriculture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglizcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanizita_agrikulturo" title="Mekanizita agrikulturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mekanizita agrikulturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87" title="کشاورزی مکانیزه – fors" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشاورزی مکانیزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_m%C3%A9canis%C3%A9e" title="Agriculture mécanisée – fransuzcha" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Agriculture mécanisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransuzcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գյուղատնտեսության մեքենայացում – arman" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գյուղատնտեսության մեքենայացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cr%E1%BB%A5_ugbo_na-ar%E1%BB%A5_%E1%BB%8Dr%E1%BB%A5" title="Ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọrụ ugbo na-arụ ọrụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanizzazione_agraria" title="Meccanizzazione agraria – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanizzazione agraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Механизирано земјоделство – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Механизирано земјоделство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbouwmechanisatie" title="Landbouwmechanisatie – niderland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Landbouwmechanisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanizacja_rolnictwa" title="Mechanizacja rolnictwa – polyakcha" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mechanizacja rolnictwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyakcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_agr%C3%ADcola" title="Mecanização agrícola – portugalcha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mecanização agrícola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanizarea_agriculturii" title="Mecanizarea agriculturii – rumincha" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecanizarea agriculturii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumincha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Механизированное сельское хозяйство – ruscha" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Механизированное сельское хозяйство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motokultur" title="Motokultur – shved" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Motokultur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="shved" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Механізація сільського господарства – ukrain" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Механізація сільського господарства" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_h%C3%B3a_n%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p" title="Cơ giới hóa nông nghiệp – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ giới hóa nông nghiệp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%8C%96" title="农业机械化 – xitoy" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="农业机械化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xitoy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1520981#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Tillararo ishoratlarni tahrirlash" class="wbc-editpage">Ishoratlarni tahrirla</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="uz" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg/220px-Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg/330px-Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg/440px-Baumwoll-Erntemaschine_auf_Feld.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1805" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kombayn" title="Kombayn">kombayn</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalash</b> — qishloq xoʻjaligida insonning jismoniy (qoʻl) mehnatini mashina va mexanizmlar bilan bajarish. Qishloq xoʻjaligi ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirish hamda mehnat sharoitlarini yaxshilash ishidagi eng muhim masalalardan biri. Qishloq xoʻjaligining mahsuldorligi seleksiya, kimyolashtirish va boshqa bilan bir qatorda barcha turdagi qishloq xoʻjaligi ishlarini mexanizatsiyalash darajasi bilan belgilanadi. Qishloq xoʻjaligini mexanizatsiyalashni tavsiflovchi asosiy koʻrsatkichlardan biri — mehnatning energiya bilan qurollanishi [ishlab chiqarish jarayonida mehnatning barcha turdagi (elektr, mexanik va issikdik) energiya bilan taʼminlanish darajasini ifodalovchi koʻrsatkich] va texnika bilan kurollanishi darajasidir. Qishloq xoʻjaligim. darajasi mehnatni mexanizatsiyalash bosqichi bilan, yaʼni mexanizatsiyalashgan mehnat salmogʻining qishloq xoʻjaligi mahsuloti ishlab chiqarishga sarflangan umumiy xarajati bilan baholanadi. </p><p>20-asrning 20-yillariga qadar Oʻzbekiston qishloq xoʻjaligi, asosan, mayda ishlab chiqarish xususiyatiga ega boʻlib, qishloq xoʻjaligida qoʻl mehnati va oddiy ish qurollari (ketmon, omoch, ot, xoʻkiz va boshqalar) ishlatilgan. 20-yillar oʻrtalaridan qishloq xoʻjaligi asbob-uskunalarini ijaraga beradigan davlat punktlari, 1924-yil "Traktor markazi" tashkil etildi, chet ellardan sotib olingan traktorlar va boshqa texnika vositalari dastlabki jamoa xoʻjaliklari (kolxozlar)ga yetkazib berildi. 1929-yil respublikada 400 dan ortiq traktor, 3611 avtomashina, 3897 plug, 1660 dona otga qoʻshib ishlatiladigan ekish seyalkasi, 1244 kultivator, 1262 ochar (okuchnik), 187 molotilka (yanchgich), 87 mingdan ortiq arava, 26 ming brichka (toʻrt gʻildirakli mujik arava) va boshqa ishlatildi. 1930-yilga kelib davlat tomonidan jamoa va davlat qishloq xoʻjaligi korxonalariga texnik xizmat koʻrsatadigan, oʻzining moddiy-texnika resurslari, mexanizator xodimlari, taʼmirlov va taʼminot bazasiga ega boʻlgan mashina-traktor st-yalari (MTS) tashkil etildi (qarang <a href="/wiki/Mashinasozlik_sanoati" title="Mashinasozlik sanoati">Mashinasozlik sanoati</a>). 1940-yillar boshida respublikada 180 ta MTS ishladi. keyingi yillarda MTSlarning sifat tarkibi oʻzgardi, u yangi konstruksi-yadagi mashinalar bilan toʻlatildi. Xoʻjaliklar kuchli quvvatga ega traktorlar, yuqori unumli don <a href="/wiki/Kombayn" title="Kombayn">kombaynlari</a>, keng va koʻp qatorli mashinalar (mas, <a href="/wiki/Paxta" title="Paxta">paxta</a> terish mashinalari), shuningdek, bir yurishda bir qancha operatsiyalarni bajaradigan mashinalar bilan qurollantirildi. Yer qaziydigan, melioratsiya mashina va qurollari, zamonaviy yuk avtomobil va traktor pritseplari, maxsus avtotransportlar ishlab chiqarish, ularni qishloq xoʻjaligiga yetkazib berish yil sayin koʻpayib bordi. 1990-yillar boshiga kelib respublika qishloq xoʻjaligida 182 ming traktor, 30,5 ming yuk avtomobili va boshqa qishloq xoʻjaligi mashinalari ishladi. Qishloq xoʻjaligini elektrlashtirish kjsaldi. Chorvachilik va parrandachilikda sanoat tipidagi yirik va ixtisoslashtirilgan fermalar qurilib elektr bilan ishlaydigan mashinalar texnologiyasi joriy qilindi. Elektr energiyasidan sugʻorishda (nasos styalari), chorvachilikda, omborxonalar va sovuqxonalarda va boshqa tarmoqlarda tobora qoʻproq foydalanilmoqda. Qishloq xoʻjaligida asosiy dala ishlari (yer haydash, ekish, kultivatsiya bilan birga oʻgʻitlash, don ekinlarini yigib olish va boshqalar) toʻliq, ekin qator oralariga ishlov berish, paxta terish kabi ishlar yuqori darajada mexanizatsiyalashtirildi. 2001—2005-yillarda respublikaga chet ellardan qishloq xoʻjaligi texnikasi ("Keys" gʻalla oʻrish, paxta terish kombaynlari, traktorlar) keltirildi, qishloq xoʻjaligi korxonalariga xizmat koʻrsatadigan 184 tuman mashina-traktor parklari (MTP) va dehqon-fermer va boshqa xoʻjaliklar uyushmalariga qarashli 1007 muqobil mashina-traktor parklari tashkil etildi. </p><p>Azimiddin Sirojiddinov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yana_qarang">Yana qarang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qishloq_xo%CA%BBjaligini_mexanizatsiyalash&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Boʻlimni tahrirlash: Yana qarang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>tahrir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qishloq_xo%CA%BBjaligini_mexanizatsiyalash&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Yana qarang"><span>manbasini tahrirlash</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qishloq_xo%CA%BBjaligi" title="Qishloq xoʻjaligi">Qishloq xoʻjaligi</a></li></ul> <p><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3736688">.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}</style></p><table class="plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system" role="presentation" style="border: 1px dashed #f4c430; width: 65%; margin: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/40px-Enciklopedia_stub.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/60px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Enciklopedia_stub.png/80px-Enciklopedia_stub.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="538" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-style: italic;">Ushbu maqolada <a href="/wiki/O%CA%BBzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi" title="Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi">Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi</a> (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.</td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" align="center" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Stub_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stub ikona"><img alt="Stub ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/50px-Stub_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/75px-Stub_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Stub_W.svg/100px-Stub_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td><center><i>Ushbu maqola <a href="/wiki/Vikipediya:Chala_maqolalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikipediya:Chala maqolalar">chaladir</a>. 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