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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Initium</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Belli_exordium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belli_exordium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Belli exordium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belli_exordium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quomodo_bellum_gestum_sit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quomodo_bellum_gestum_sit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Quomodo bellum gestum sit</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quomodo_bellum_gestum_sit-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Quomodo bellum gestum sit subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quomodo_bellum_gestum_sit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A_Messana_capta_usque_ad_pugnam_apud_Mylas_(264–260_a.C.n.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Messana_capta_usque_ad_pugnam_apud_Mylas_(264–260_a.C.n.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>A Messana capta usque ad pugnam apud Mylas (264–260 a.C.n.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Messana_capta_usque_ad_pugnam_apud_Mylas_(264–260_a.C.n.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_Mylis_ad_regressum_Romanorum_ex_Africa_(260–255_a.C.n.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_Mylis_ad_regressum_Romanorum_ex_Africa_(260–255_a.C.n.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>A Mylis ad regressum Romanorum ex Africa (260–255 a.C.n.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_Mylis_ad_regressum_Romanorum_ex_Africa_(260–255_a.C.n.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pugna_navalis_iuxta_promonturium_Mercurii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pugna_navalis_iuxta_promonturium_Mercurii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pugna navalis iuxta promonturium Mercurii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pugna_navalis_iuxta_promonturium_Mercurii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pugna_navalis_apud_Aegates_insulas_(255–241_a.C.n.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pugna_navalis_apud_Aegates_insulas_(255–241_a.C.n.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pugna navalis apud Aegates insulas (255–241 a.C.n.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pugna_navalis_apud_Aegates_insulas_(255–241_a.C.n.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quomodo_pax_utrimque_composita_sit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quomodo_pax_utrimque_composita_sit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quomodo pax utrimque composita sit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quomodo_pax_utrimque_composita_sit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vide_etiam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vide_etiam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vide etiam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vide_etiam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliographia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Index" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Primum bellum Punicum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="الحرب البونيقية الأولى – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحرب البونيقية الأولى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بیرینجی کارتاژ ساواشی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی کارتاژ ساواشی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Първа пуническа война – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първа пуническа война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezel_punek_kenta%C3%B1" title="Brezel punek kentañ – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brezel punek kentañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_punski_rat" title="Prvi punski rat – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prvi punski rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_Guerra_P%C3%BAnica" title="Primera Guerra Púnica – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Primera Guerra Púnica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_punsk%C3%A1_v%C3%A1lka" title="První punská válka – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První punská válka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Pwnig_Cyntaf" title="Rhyfel Pwnig Cyntaf – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Pwnig Cyntaf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_Puniske_Krig" title="Første Puniske Krig – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Første Puniske Krig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erster_Punischer_Krieg" title="Erster Punischer Krieg – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erster Punischer Krieg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%84_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Α΄ Καρχηδονιακός Πόλεμος – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Α΄ Καρχηδονιακός Πόλεμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="First Punic War" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_Punika_milito" title="Unua Punika milito – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unua Punika milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera_guerra_p%C3%BAnica" title="Primera guerra púnica – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Primera guerra púnica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esimene_Puunia_s%C3%B5da" title="Esimene Puunia sõda – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Esimene Puunia sõda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehen_Gerra_Punikoa" title="Lehen Gerra Punikoa – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lehen Gerra Punikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نخستین جنگ پونی – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخستین جنگ پونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_puunilaissota" title="Ensimmäinen puunilaissota – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ensimmäinen puunilaissota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_punique" title="Première guerre punique – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première guerre punique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earste_Punyske_Oarloch" title="Earste Punyske Oarloch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Earste Punyske Oarloch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_guerra_p%C3%BAnica" title="Primeira guerra púnica – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Primeira guerra púnica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="המלחמה הפונית הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה הפונית הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_punski_rat" title="Prvi punski rat – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prvi punski rat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els%C5%91_pun_h%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Első pun háború – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Első pun háború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Guerra_Punic" title="Prime Guerra Punic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Prime Guerra Punic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Punik_I" title="Perang Punik I – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Punik I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrsta_p%C3%BAnverska_str%C3%AD%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Fyrsta púnverska stríðið – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fyrsta púnverska stríðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_punica" title="Prima guerra punica – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prima guerra punica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8B%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第一次ポエニ戦争 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次ポエニ戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="pagina mensis"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პირველი პუნიკური ომი – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პირველი პუნიკური ომი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%ED%8F%AC%EC%97%90%EB%8B%88_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제1차 포에니 전쟁 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제1차 포에니 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmasis_p%C5%ABn%C5%B3_karas" title="Pirmasis pūnų karas – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmasis pūnų karas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmais_p%C5%ABnie%C5%A1u_kar%C5%A1" title="Pirmais pūniešu karš – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirmais pūniešu karš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Прва пунска војна – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прва пунска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="प्युनिकचे पहिले युद्ध – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्युनिकचे पहिले युद्ध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Punic_Pertama" title="Perang Punic Pertama – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Punic Pertama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Punische_Oorlog" title="Eerste Punische Oorlog – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Punische Oorlog" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_f%C3%B8rste_punarkrigen" title="Den første punarkrigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den første punarkrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_punerkrig" title="Første punerkrig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Første punerkrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primi%C3%A8ra_Gu%C3%A8rra_Punica" title="Primièra Guèrra Punica – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Primièra Guèrra Punica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_wojna_punicka" title="I wojna punicka – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I wojna punicka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8D_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="لومړۍ پوني جګړه – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لومړۍ پوني جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_P%C3%BAnica" title="Primeira Guerra Púnica – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Guerra Púnica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Punic" title="Primul Război Punic – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Primul Război Punic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Первая Пуническая война – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первая Пуническая война" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_guerra_p%C3%B9nica" title="Prima guerra pùnica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prima guerra pùnica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvi_punski_rat" title="Prvi punski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prvi punski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="First Punic War" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_p%C3%BAnska_vojna" title="Prvá púnska vojna – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prvá púnska vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prva_punska_vojna" title="Prva punska vojna – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prva punska vojna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Први пунски рат – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први пунски рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Punik_I" title="Perang Punik I – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Perang Punik I" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:CarthageMapDe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/CarthageMapDe.png/300px-CarthageMapDe.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/CarthageMapDe.png/450px-CarthageMapDe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/CarthageMapDe.png/600px-CarthageMapDe.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Karthago et dominia eius anno <a href="/wiki/264_a.C.n." title="264 a.C.n.">264 a.C.n.</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Primum bellum Punicum</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gestum est ab anno <a href="/wiki/264_a.C.n." title="264 a.C.n.">264 a.C.n.</a> usque ad annum <a href="/wiki/241_a.C.n." title="241 a.C.n.">241 a.C.n.</a> inter <a href="/wiki/Karthago" class="mw-redirect" title="Karthago">Carthaginenses</a> et <a href="/wiki/Libera_res_publica_Romana" title="Libera res publica Romana">Romanos</a>. Qui viginti tres annos de principatu in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Mediterraneum" title="Mare Mediterraneum">maris mediterranei</a> oris luctati sunt. Initio certaminum Karthago, in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> haud procul ab hodierna urbe <a href="/wiki/Tunes" title="Tunes">Tunete</a> sita, in occidentali maris parte plurimum valebat, postremo autem victrix Romana res publica exorta Carthagini severam <a href="/wiki/Pax" title="Pax">pacem</a> imposuit. Nihilominus pauca decennia post Carthaginenses viribus recuperatis iterum ac tertium cum Romanis bella gerebant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belli_exordium">Belli exordium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Belli exordium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Belli exordium"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg/220px-Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg/330px-Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg/440px-Map_The_Italic_Confederation_at_the_beginning_of_the_1st_Punic_War_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TRC-53.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6075" data-file-height="6700" /></a><figcaption>Tabula confoederationis Italicae initio Primi Belli Punici</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamertini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamertini (non est haec pagina)">Mamertini</a>, qui ante quam bellum exarsit mercenarii Agathoclis tyranni fuerant, urbem <a href="/wiki/Messana" title="Messana">Messanam</a> anno 289 a. C. n. ceperunt. Illi cum oppidi principes necavissent civitatemque novam condidissent, ab <a href="/wiki/Hiero_II_(Syracusanus)" title="Hiero II (Syracusanus)">Hierone</a> Syracusorum tyranno acriter impugnati sunt. Quare in extremum positi Mamertini Karthaginienses oraverunt, ut sibi auxilio venirent (anno 265). Karthaginienses quidem cum Hieronem Messanam capere nolebant, quominus totius insulae status perturbaretur, eis copiis suis subvenerunt. Itaque Hiero, quamquam Mamertinos pugna apud Longanum flumen superaverat, Messanam expugnare haud valuit. Tamen Mamertini fidem Karthaginiensibus, quos nimis imperiosos censebant, legatos Romam (anno 264) miserunt rogatum, ut foedus inter se et Romanam rem publicam icerent. Senatoribus autem diu atque vario adsensu inter se disputantibus duae sunt ortae sententiae, quarum altera idoneum huius civitatis situm ad Siciliae fretum tenendum, altera quidem monuit, ne recens inter Romanos et Karthaginienses compositum foedus rumperetur. Magno detrimento rei publica fore, si contra foedus moverent quod Karthaginienses id provocationem ad bellum gerendum intellegerent. Denique autem Romani paucas copias Messanam misit, qui oppidi praesidium tenerent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quomodo_bellum_gestum_sit">Quomodo bellum gestum sit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Quomodo bellum gestum sit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Quomodo bellum gestum sit"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_Messana_capta_usque_ad_pugnam_apud_Mylas_(264–260_a.C.n.)"><span id="A_Messana_capta_usque_ad_pugnam_apud_Mylas_.28264.E2.80.93260_a.C.n..29"></span>A Messana capta usque ad pugnam apud Mylas (264–260 a.C.n.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: A Messana capta usque ad pugnam apud Mylas (264–260 a.C.n.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: A Messana capta usque ad pugnam apud Mylas (264–260 a.C.n.)"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg/220px-Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg/330px-Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg/440px-Sicily-general-map-bjs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption>Tabula Siciliae</figcaption></figure> <p>His rebus gestis Karthaginienses senatum severiter hortati sunt, ut copias sine mora in Italiam reduci iuberet. Postquam senatus copiarum receptum recusavit, Karthaginienses oppidum terra marique cingere studuerunt, quo in incepto etiam ab Hierone Syracusano adiuti sunt. Haec ubi Romae nuntiata sunt, consul <a href="/wiki/Appius_Claudius_Caudex" class="mw-redirect" title="Appius Claudius Caudex">Appius Claudius Caudex</a> exercitum in Siciliam traiecit et Graecis bellum inferens mox usque ad Syracusas ipsas pervenit. Tamen opes suas ad urbem expugnandam impares esse ratus expugnatione abstuinuit. Proximo quidem anno consulibus <a href="/wiki/Manius_Valerius_Maximus_Corvinus_Messalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla">Manio Valerio Messalla</a> et <a href="/wiki/Manius_Otacilius_Crassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manius Otacilius Crassus">Manio Otacilio Crasso</a> tantus exercitus Syracusas missus est, ut Hiero Romanorum alacritate perterritus pacem oraret. </p><p>Deinde anno <a href="/wiki/262_a.C.n." title="262 a.C.n.">262</a> <a href="/wiki/Agrigentum" title="Agrigentum">Acragas</a>, civitas Graeca maxime adfinis ei, quattuor legionibus diu obsessa est eo consilio, ut Karthaginiensibus cessaret favere. Denique oppidum acri pugna captum atque soli aequatum est. Romanis totius insulae potiri studentibus nunc etiam Karthaginienses ipsi populantes oras Italiae bellum intulerunt. Quare senatores intellexerunt classis esse opus, quae hostium naves litoribus arceret. Classe celeriter aedificata tamen initio adversa fortuna apud Aeolias insulas pugnatum est, cum Poenorum naves Romanis velocitate praestarent. Romani autem cum cladis causam comperissent naves suas <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corvus_(militaris)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corvus (militaris) (non est haec pagina)">corvis</a></i> instruxerunt, ut naves petulantes Poenorum transfigentes immobiles redderent hostemque deproeliantes viritim caederent. Navibus aptatis paulo post duce <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Duilius" title="Gaius Duilius">Gaio Duilio</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannibal_Gisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannibal Gisco (non est haec pagina)">Hannibalem Gisconem</a> apud <a href="/wiki/Mylae" title="Mylae">Mylas</a> pellantes maris dominium Karthaginiensibus eripuerunt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_Mylis_ad_regressum_Romanorum_ex_Africa_(260–255_a.C.n.)"><span id="A_Mylis_ad_regressum_Romanorum_ex_Africa_.28260.E2.80.93255_a.C.n..29"></span>A Mylis ad regressum Romanorum ex Africa (260–255 a.C.n.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: A Mylis ad regressum Romanorum ex Africa (260–255 a.C.n.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: A Mylis ad regressum Romanorum ex Africa (260–255 a.C.n.)"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Cornelius_Scipio" title="Lucius Cornelius Scipio">Lucius Cornelius Scipio</a> consul anno 259 a.C.n. in Corsicam vectus totius insulae potitus est. Poeni, tametsi deinde etiam Sardiniam Romanis cedere coacti sunt, in Sicilia magnum impetum ad Romanos insula pellendos fecerunt. Quare accidit, ut Romani terra quidem ex Hesperia parte insulae expulsi essent, mari autem Poenos iterum navali pugna superarent. Videbatur igitur senatui bellum victricibus navibus in Africam propagandum esse. Classis Romana, cum Poenos iterum iuxta Ecnomum promonturium vicerat, exercitum illic transportavit. Milites haud procul ab oppido c.n. Aspis e nave egressi illud paulo post vi expugnaverunt. Karthaginienses proximo exercitu perturbati imperatorem <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Atilius_Regulus" title="Marcus Atilius Regulus">Regulum</a> deprecati sunt, ut sibi parceret, ille autem naves tradi, Siciliam, Corsicam atque Sardiniam rei publicae cedi edixit. Tamen hae condiciones cum nimis acerbae visae sint a Poenis detractatae sunt. </p><p>Eodem fere tempore <a href="/wiki/Lacedaemon" title="Lacedaemon">Lacedaemonius</a> quidam nomine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthippus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthippus (non est haec pagina)">Xanthippus</a> qui a Poenis merce conductus erat ad Romanos retinendos, Karthagine milites instruxit, ut aciei speciem mutarent. Quare his novis strategematis anno 255 a.C.n. exercitum Romanum pugna haud procul ab urbe hodierna <a href="/wiki/Tunes" title="Tunes">Tunete</a> obtriverunt Regulumque obsidem ceperunt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pugna_navalis_iuxta_promonturium_Mercurii">Pugna navalis iuxta promonturium Mercurii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Pugna navalis iuxta promonturium Mercurii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Pugna navalis iuxta promonturium Mercurii"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ne reliquae copiae omnino a Poenis in servitutem reducerentur senatus classem trecentarum et septuaginta navium in Siciliam reportari decrevit. Ad illas reditu prohibendas ducentarum navium classis Poenorum obvia missa a Romanis ingenti pugna deleta est. Superatis autem hostibus magna procella iuxta litora Siciliae oborta omnes naves praeter septuaginta itemque ad centum milia militum perierunt, quae clades inter maxima omnium gestarum rerum naufragia adhuc numeratur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pugna_navalis_apud_Aegates_insulas_(255–241_a.C.n.)"><span id="Pugna_navalis_apud_Aegates_insulas_.28255.E2.80.93241_a.C.n..29"></span>Pugna navalis apud Aegates insulas (255–241 a.C.n.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Recensere partem: Pugna navalis apud Aegates insulas (255–241 a.C.n.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pugna navalis apud Aegates insulas (255–241 a.C.n.)"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romani cum e hostium patria egredi coacti essent, quamquam naves amissas brevi spatio refecerunt, omni spe Karthaginis cito superandae privati bellum rursus in Sicilia gerendum esse rati sunt. Itaque utrumque consulem, <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Cornelius_Scipio_Asina" title="Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina">Gnaeum Cornelium Scipionem Asinam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Atilius_A.f._Calatinus" title="Aulus Atilius A.f. Calatinus">Aulum Atilium Caiatinum</a>, complures civitates iuxta insulae oram ad septentrionem vergentem vi expugnare constitutum est. Inter has maximi momenti fuit portus Panhormus, qua capta incolae, ut servitutem vitarentur, ad quadringenta talenta argenti solvere coacti sunt. </p><p>Poeni postquam gentes interiora Numidiae habitantes arduis agminibus domavissent anno 251 a.C.n. iterum belli momentum sibi capiendum esse putantes triginta ferme milia militum itemque centum et quinquaginta elephantes in Siciliam traiecerunt. Eorum autem dux cum Panhormum magna incursione expugnare nequisset a senatu Punico capite damnatus est. </p><p>Poenis incommodis suis valde debilitatis Romani denique ex anno 250 a.C.n. eorum arcem Lilybaeum terra marique oppugnaverunt. Oppidi autem munimenta praesertim cum a Gallis Graecisque merce conductis circumirentur his incursionibus adeo feliciter obsteterunt, ut Romani duas etiam classes amitterent, quarum altera apud Drepanum ab hostibus victa, altera turbine quodam eversa est. </p><p>Denique anno 247 Hamilcari Barcino summum imperii adepto Romanos inopinato impetu a limine oppidi repellere contigit. Postquam copiae Romanae iterum in orientalem insulae partem compressi sunt rei publicae videbatur postremam classem privato sumptu senatorum exstruere, ut navibus belli discrimen peteretur. Classe confecta Gaius Lutatius Catulus consul demum Poenos pugna navali apud Aegates insulas facta subduere valuit. Victoria adepta Karthaginienses rem publicam pacem fieri oraverunt, quoniam de commeatu copiarum in Sicilia relictarum desperarent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quomodo_pax_utrimque_composita_sit">Quomodo pax utrimque composita sit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Recensere partem: Quomodo pax utrimque composita sit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Quomodo pax utrimque composita sit"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His rebus gestis <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a> Catulo consuli legatos misit pacem oratum. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pactum_Lutatianum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pactum Lutatianum (non est haec pagina)">Pacto Lutatiano</a> composito denique bello sistere consenserunt hac condicione, ut Poeni Siciliam insulam omnino vacuarent Romanisque 2200 talentum per spatium viginti annorum solverent. Postquam haec in contione disputata sunt stipendium ad 3200 talentum auctum, spatium quidem ad decem annos reductum est. Praeterea etiam omnes insulae inter Siciliam et Africam sitae eis cedendae erant. Ideo Karthaginiensibus non solum magna clades parata est, sed etiam opes ad socios retinendos sublatae sunt, quare magnum bellum intestinum in Africa inter illos et Numidas exarsit (241–238). Etiamsi Poenorum res publica hoc bello maxime debilitata est, eius vires insequentibus annis imperio retinendo pares fuisse videntur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vide_etiam">Vide etiam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Recensere partem: Vide etiam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Vide etiam"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secundum_bellum_Punicum" title="Secundum bellum Punicum">Secundum bellum Punicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertium_bellum_Punicum" title="Tertium bellum Punicum">Tertium bellum Punicum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notae">Notae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Recensere partem: Notae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Notae"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sextus_Iulius_Frontinus" title="Sextus Iulius Frontinus">Front.</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strategemata_(Frontinus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strategemata (Frontinus) (non est haec pagina)">strat.</a></i> 1.4.11.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Heftner, Herbert (1997) <i>Der Aufstieg Roms.</i> Ratisbonae.</li> <li>Lazenby, J. F. (1996) <i>The First Punic War. A Military History.</i> Londinii.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Mommsen" title="Theodorus Mommsen">Mommsen, Theodorus</a> (1888) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040820200157/http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/3062"><i>Römische Geschichte.</i></a> Ed. 8a. Berolini. Vol. 1, Liber III, Cap. II.</li> <li>Zimmermann, Klaus (2005) <i>Rom und Karthago</i>. Darmstadtiae: Wiss. Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3534154967" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-534-15496-7</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3854889">.mw-parser-output div.capsanav{margin:1.5em auto;border:1px solid #d2d4d8;font-size:95%;clear:both;border-radius:1em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.03);padding:.25em .8em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.2);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-titulus{font-weight:bold;font-size:100%;background-color:rgba(13,0,186,.073);padding:.1em .75em;margin:0 -.55em;border-radius:1em}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav div.capsanav-contenta{padding:.5em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-vas{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-imago{text-align:right;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px;width:auto}.mw-parser-output div.capsanav table.capsanav-tabella,.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-vas td.capsanav-prima{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella th{width:auto;white-space:nowrap;padding:.1em .45em .1em .25em;background-color:rgba(0,32,255,.073)}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella td{width:100%;padding:.1em .25em .1em .45em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:first-of-type>th{border-radius:1em 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output table.capsanav-tabella tr:last-of-type>th{border-radius:0 0 1em 1em}</style><div class="NaFrame mw-collapsible capsanav mw-collapsed"> <div class="NaHead capsanav-titulus"><a href="/wiki/Bella_Punica" title="Bella Punica">Bella Punica</a></div> <div class="NaContent mw-collapsible-content capsanav-contenta"> <table class="capsanav-vas"><tbody><tr><td></td><td class="capsanav-imago" rowspan="3"><div class="NaPic"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Continence_of_Scipio_(Bellini)_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Continentia Scipionis"><img alt="Continentia Scipionis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg/150px-Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg/225px-Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg/300px-Continence_of_Scipio_%28Bellini%29_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Continentia Scipionis</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td class="capsanav-prima"> <p><a href="/wiki/Primum_Bellum_Punicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Primum Bellum Punicum">Primum Bellum Punicum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Secundum_Bellum_Punicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Secundum Bellum Punicum">Secundum Bellum Punicum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tertium_Bellum_Punicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertium Bellum Punicum">Tertium Bellum Punicum</a> </p> </td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&oldid=3728016">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Primum_bellum_Punicum&oldid=3728016</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Bella_Punica" title="Categoria:Bella Punica">Bella Punica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Bella_Rei_Publicae_Romanae" title="Categoria:Bella Rei Publicae Romanae">Bella Rei Publicae Romanae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria celata: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 18 Octobris 2022 hora 12:50 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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