CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "bioguide.congress.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e7adee338fa81b0',cH: 'pD95QArziGXhs_RQZ49Pg8BTzprt7l2Be3VRxmpCviY-1732466739-1.2.1.1-iC8dBIuwn_YqtRvGkFTvShqJE2jUPKSk2ms7rxVP6ZmSWldtd.xiD8ets72EJS2L',cUPMDTk: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000020&__cf_chl_tk=l4eyiX_m4_Q79umikcIOU8uuBGv9hxV0.YlE1xSRyuc-1732466739-1.0.1.1-AZwy8njhbNoo32fNo4Lmf.Nhaekin.JjcZ.gxs7J.bs",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732466739',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000020&__cf_chl_f_tk=l4eyiX_m4_Q79umikcIOU8uuBGv9hxV0.YlE1xSRyuc-1732466739-1.0.1.1-AZwy8njhbNoo32fNo4Lmf.Nhaekin.JjcZ.gxs7J.bs",md: "i_SomrONx7kd0XQtmaVVUTehUnPK0s.2J7XCwE2cqW8-1732466739-1.2.1.1-f01cJpeMxiFZVjKacAlTGXQH7FPkyTgrs1SbG3koOtDW1AnZqYVVZT8e63z0Kb0XEDL9RNtIIzOzp4adXSv7e1R2TOEQYBMBERK2EAGOKqsEKmvRYA1CDWoAQVoJa.0I18ysHYurMGIC_C3bqN9iyiDggFNBih4v0SR0MjSJWwcl1ELI60LZcXj0KZIZHcPla8O3bl3GgOgS4nRO5xMGfhFivQXUTdHRSaxSTZ7X.h8xNn1Zg6nm3IZ4z0aGSCAXlO5Y8BuOq7Qm5ahQqBhKb1leSsCiUEoW85Ijnhp4x4J_XhDaXY3V8RRzOkXmy7Ehhd.uBipgPxDoJk0r1gdMYNjOJiB6H0V7YweCzqviugthx1GCyRI4BYvnbmFUAaZbKHAenlEXFa6DURgRKngYT2uh8wJWtVfdFfFu9DrTch1R_3UvuMDEkt1T_tf1DaDVjxF1vpi_N.nWpOFg.A3PHH547IqpqzuDnHn7YKca103byNEGS2D9st9PrhG7Pgr7kqf9jYXoXdvav.UZj47DdIpW8iHBpdpLBeuQTsWLN3AKllgPwPHM7RUD2oSd7IfVscK6TRNivCwBcJX3lKzEAnwT7CHSj3o0egdiJegDc3Y4L5Pj2kzEBE3aLSZdlh2wqBbmTne9chjf2MiF4QICQamJkrn0P3iCAwwPuvszRsEwDoEup5OonTAR28TGUscL1auvR9m60FOqjrE17x8SKO6exn5_uuZoYIPb4QRa6G8WFxY7uAVTn1S.uFdPmy2RCHU8YYs7MQ.KcEehdD5b03r6oZKND3bDO6BHus30yLmurHW7skdVENQDbMsELLyJzhuo7k7OmRgdj6DWjxmN5Np1TUlZwKyJpZJQvDyyImZm2TUeGFcbyiEGDy8O.grsFW.JQeb5Xgkcwj3RRDbxFPJCbS9yOY25uyFLO5f89tW3TawcGI3Wr3ada_znrhnRPMoqOn31hstYGWr6oJzrlZ2gR.d_dqYMgQHWk9DIhPRvyPlVOfr78SJY5jjIUwuwhG0_d2PT2uATT1BDzYnURZdQgGa4VRi08eQUsl5UTXRvS_cuqyKDkzfCPZ2xLseh5b614ZpDsyzijQi1e88sHhLGILI4Egvo2pMeIXTwW7VG55Ag.x9JcheWOM3a1MmKGzpUP0txGGKHJukvCQDB0Kt4AzcvZiQmpBcR6cE7e3JK2nVLTO7hylOlQVBaHdy0Yg9G.vo0ng7nAQbm1MN4kiu20DkmkkT1DsXSnqdp.SmaqRRne.PynkOUB_8j9qTA9mskj94GQ.3oWBUVpn8a5aH351aLcX8BY9A.Av9OgkE8IkBdoGcvHEQ04vRApX1xosgEeD8aboXT3eydej7mc1ZJO2FQw89bZsxNGoNNgEkUXsImr.5_fzGHeqgoIAeg98K1ZE8bOWccc_ApHiIjiTJHbpGmhbWg3MOfSfZIwPvqaRGzCrYcXoMzm3KnXjZSnCZRlizg6BG1DgB8pL5sp42XrjSoPGC_voOtnHeswI6pIbvl4da_DENFFd02quB13BIf88R1WTAkFiPq_5RtBkG0oxzwmJrSmeQSXOMzM3Ks.MSuvGA1.7VFw2G7GANm2X3NkEwvzhP0CHYYs_FQ.1zW0cCu5fMOrgBIkYL2sc4b1fkBCt7EebagGESOJBPIRjoW9pinnYl1NFaHRr2YfG6eYJkRlNBs7cyLWzR.8_ls.NlSkOiIoD53g__11WPA._rtQmwyfMqHAhwq20Tc4YSy7Vn2G14V3q48J2wUS5OYybIyWb8g4dwmpjlM_HbRpvbibd8Z5LXWuer8ExRoA8lpIC5n21LmW6d1R8n5h9lQGoy21JoLJWmZRcPhodTxk7IIYFUTOC.9ugPJ_AM2DhWRpDrnrE.ap4ZBTSnlxVtGP0MjRcWg.6JLMhhEBCtMRw4FVE_o.O8ojlYDm8eSYZWmQgDAzsW3GbwV6nLT59.P2t5Dzt3xE5J0Ro4YVS7guGMLEXGDIJxVBIf9qvUb.Jz3IihdLQdHtyB5AbgaAsg",mdrd: "Y7k5SaQiej41Xu6uwXUBvtcXpyRJxKl9H.An5kke.ew-1732466739-1.2.1.1-vn3Lm0rNE6wAwDDyoWpBEWrlVGOdLOLz5WrcHn7HGfb72w401Iat9mzVfLD_Vh4zCrO1rWTg8Qfe2_cqabhE_jDt3zfdmHgIYM88t4MXCtA5QdNBWhZyaO_QN01LshWFMaevuV9BU3KXCUloL8ygHlGRKW17sRM8.K0AZBEp.Xid2yTS0IytH0_ghroGCevSs8Egy5WOL1n67qu7jHLSqVT7LZ25eOh2Iu.d.rQM6V_gp0yo63Ke49wU1cVr0h_nlKQduH1SY14fzfyjVcu92sWtJJg3ARljst6Kw0omY8MXzXvJcN1uRyoSlqIUGtVTZl7D2TJKqxssSim7LFMxaz9Vj43kDOfvPvWRNT5leGDnuSB79MXOcdTeDzjJ9nIicomQ5tjav6Ow.6ufumq7oWEDtVs480T_Io8G1bG5fZiybNOEZMNmLW5NuSpG0jNSEvGbP64Az5nq3a3MVhOF8ndQ8xBsttMcYh6v4pJnKa4Po8GdDVFQoseIU4Ljcg7qaN7Qt1Dxk9FZV0Zz_VW0_Jm.P1hihk1cBLWU5CXBofScD4BLII2U_bQZZnUHfZsJD46H0tE0HBo12BQaoy8mKAm7v9RagXhMJLlKnSvBm_STnyqX83CoDcXruDrMNTjac7ZQ6n9kXXnGFsAIwRucZFpIihYU25UO22aFPtWBUvX0ZcWHQAe2GNx8fnZHQcQSnveg1WGR6KgACPRV7oMJDnxA4VtI7kTjQ2PDSios1HNY0zDSBu9KHzUHBWoSr_fy7lzcKxuqW_2uS.aMVNX28Rbc.ItyZprzG7mHD2pxOSvINeVJJUZIbHcaDrBUZLT7tgcGjVTdY4D_kyCj8m69eRV.O8ygme6CqEPX1gSwdTYRnZfDEcbNQM1Lutfqucd64rB6R03FSCycrtReEH0YJwDbj5mNOKWFox.T_FEkUFIaA9dYNo861iP8CA69xprK6UWzRMyC6z12VAuOTg6MHYWtLh9w.fnLYDPfCKe42FGU5BEgHN9O8n1lESoVrHKGvFeArIYcNvPaC5gki6okk4OoY6jwfqpMDCZEbKMNqHH7zB.oouHtjAFGiunwHCh_lrXEuKIqTD5aEeux_xHxQb5S.vTyl6BzZlaBrD_v1l1j8Oz8uMbNUqDKQoRN9Tw4VIobSmYnQEDNgX7HtaL_rhAqLEQAY2IwbaaFBzTaBU.hTAJWlSJwN2DlD1SAkA9s4ZxPyWPXwLgV9vkz2cMKkjrdeUVVUwr2Dzlxsy5O_X_janSvRThtYYbUBVKWi3MTUmjIhu6KHQxb2rbUTND0YFwLBL7_u0Xmpq1oEQe0SfJ19GT7e4GTwWrerBwJF7La7Hn.nCDwgoOpCBQ0ek6yHHeJH5UXyKCglxnv_Uux2G1FQ1BN.d62jif8cgT3Tf8smdrY.TApIoDVMh8TCFq_4_c7s_bdp9eixZslivxuf_q_X1NKmo.cAM9UwYQQ75hbGAxQtI2YnNk.GeIE5Tar7ln.pWke6ol5bSkyMGigijVWFufMs7gm7v.QBDONmI0sIhEx_9s6pvBXiYU3g.mCO968j1PnSCFNq_9PNwHUbHwTUmBcWmjO5ZAtEkrxgcKAGe_egFjJbidIyBhXmy7R2K9jUaWjX0hTjrMgWO_fsUQXzzDDApSuIu6IlYWIerORZDU2TuHCQr7tlCp4ogzgOa2vJQ4B4bI5YUJJQBw3Zxy8urTwxozOC_qAJMqJ.fuBUPm5tD5Pk8FQCk5ov0IYvqK35MzT6ysDHWl18p3iuVTI9cPJz9tsIUx4kgNlnUDHAlYPfBRWaMWRTgn2y11Tnum9feco.VCKWL47_4yQuxrfFUKfQDIGZ94NDR6jO79XDOsrdbYaucxFg0vFdmUWlkfulzmyTb.huywYM8Fk2R2Eob5ri8AxgsOT_9FDyZfNOaUT69NrFp8EHTNnh18ooexdHLiRv2AH9GspJTpAzpdBCcTYh6u5VAOnzFCF9SgBO6yIVcmekl23Zx1wpYxGQQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e7adee338fa81b0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/scripts\/biodisplay.pl?index=J000020&__cf_chl_rt_tk=l4eyiX_m4_Q79umikcIOU8uuBGv9hxV0.YlE1xSRyuc-1732466739-1.0.1.1-AZwy8njhbNoo32fNo4Lmf.Nhaekin.JjcZ.gxs7J.bs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>