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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li>Lithuanian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Anti-Lithuanian sentiment</b> (sometimes known as <b>Lithuanophobia</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the hostility, <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a>, distrust, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> directed against the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> or <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Lithuanian culture</a>. It may also include persecution, <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">oppression</a> or expulsion of Lithuanians as an ethnic group. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belarus">Belarus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Belarus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Belarusian academics are known for engaging in <a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">historical negationism</a> and trying to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">culturally appropriate</a> Lithuanian culture, national identity and history of statehood by arguing that the Belarusian word <i>litoutsy (літоўцы)</i>, meaning ‘Lithuanian’, historically refers to modern <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> instead whereas present-day Lithuanians are pretenders who should actually be identified as <i>letuvisy (летувicы)</i> and are accused of stealing their <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> as well as the historic name of their homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Belarusian scholars consider the statehood of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> to be primordially <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a>, rejecting the notion that its origins come from Baltic Lithuanian tribes. Historian <a href="/wiki/Mikola_Yermalovich" title="Mikola Yermalovich">Mikola Yermalovich</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_monarchs" title="List of Lithuanian monarchs">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Mindaugas" title="Mindaugas">Mindaugas</a> was Belarusian whereas the epicentre of historic Lithuania was actually in central and southern Belarusian lands.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Belarusian opposition protests in 2021</a>, a Lithuanian woman was arrested and beaten up by Belarusian <a href="/wiki/OMON_(Belarus)" title="OMON (Belarus)">OMON</a> forces after they found out she was a Lithuanian citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, statistics from the previous year alone indicated that a significant number of Lithuanians were exploited or faced discrimination at work in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Federal_Public_Service_Employment" title="Federal Public Service Employment">Federal Public Service Employment</a> getting around 400 complaints: 168 of cases were from Lithuanians who did not receive their paycheck or it got delayed whereas 234 of them received smaller payments than their coworkers for the same work because of their background. There were also accounts of Lithuanians facing racist or humiliating comments such as being called ‘dirty’, ‘Eastern European’ or noted as coming ‘from the Soviet Union’ in their certificate of employment.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, a scandal began to surface as it emerged that some Irish schools forbid Lithuanian children from using their native tongue. There was a reported case of Lithuanian girls suffering physical abuse because they were considered to be more attractive than their Irish peers. Inspector for Children’s Rights <a href="/wiki/Rimant%C4%97_%C5%A0ala%C5%A1evi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97" title="Rimantė Šalaševičiūtė">Rimantė Šalaševičiūtė</a> stated that “Lithuanian children are feeling unsafe and face discrimination” and concluded that Lithuanian and Irish children were not being treated as equals.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, three Lithuanian men were beaten up because of their nationality by bouncers who claimed that people like them are not welcomed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> After the creation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871, the population of Prussian Lithuanians in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> started to decline even further due to <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a>. Many Lithuanians who wanted a better life were forced to adopt <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">German culture</a> and eventually abandoned their native tongue. In Prussian governance and within the clergy, German colonists were regarded as the emissaries of "the chosen people" tasked with the mission of Germanizing the Lithuanians as well as other ethnic groups. Prominent officials consistently underscored national disparities in their writings, characterizing the Lithuanian peasantry as belonging to an inferior human race predestined to serve the Germans as their <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also believed their culture being superior to <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Lithuania" title="Culture of Lithuania">Lithuanian culture</a> whereas the nation itself was considered to be politically inept. In 1916, a German science publication <i>Der Koloss aut fonernen Fusen</i> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> wrote:</p><blockquote><p>[T]he Lithuanian himself has a tendency to superior German culture and by taking this path, he can become a loyal citizen of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Reich</a>. [...] those who think that a Lithuanian is already mature enough for even the most primitive form of self-governance are deeply mistaken.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a> planned to commit a mass-scale genocide of Lithuanians — 85% were to be physically exterminated, which was the second-highest percentage of planned killings of an ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied Europe</a> only to be surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Latgalians_(modern)" title="Latgalians (modern)">Latgalians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Latvia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Historically, Lithuanians in Latvia were called <i>leiši</i>, which apart from its primary meaning was also used to refer to someone who is negligent, lazy, uneducated and illiterate. Following Latvia’s declaration of independence, this term was soon replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> <i>lietuvieši</i> due to its negative connotations and official complaints from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lithuania" title="Government of Lithuania">Lithuanian Government</a> regarding the designation of the nationality of their compatriots in <a href="/wiki/Latvian_passport" title="Latvian passport">Latvian passports</a>. <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">Philologist</a> Aistė Brusokaitė suggests that Latvians were the first ones to call Lithuanians <i>zirga galva</i>, meaning 'horse head', which was later adopted as an insult by Lithuanians themselves:</p><blockquote><p>Since Latvians were economically more well off than Lithuanians, Latvians that lived by the border used to take young Lithuanian workmen to serve on their farms to do all the dirty work. Latvians were <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> and Lutherans always paid more attention to education. Because of this, Latvians were more educated than Lithuanians, which is why less educated, illiterate Lithuanians were sometimes looked down upon and called ‘zirga galva’.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>Before World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Latvia" title="Government of Latvia">Government of Latvia</a> closed Lithuanian organisations and schools, which contributed to many Lithuanians fleeing the country as they could no longer ensure proper education for their children. In the 1950s and 60s, however, economically struggling Lithuanians were once again resettling in Latvia where they faced some degree of discrimination from the locals who did not consider them to be equal or trustworthy. There were reported cases of inciting tensions and insults directed at the Lithuanian people as well as children bullied at school for having Lithuanian parents.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Middle_Ages_and_Early_Modern_Period">Middle Ages and Early Modern Period</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Middle Ages and Early Modern Period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest depiction of Lithuanians, found in the few sources dating back to the 13th century, is decidedly negative. They were portrayed as semi-wild, greedy, and cruel pagans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This stereotype emerged as a result of numerous Lithuanian raids on Polish lands, which continued until the end of the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was largely repeated by the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a> in the 15th century, who was also the first to attribute honorable Roman origins to the Lithuanians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Polish-Lithuanian Union, interactions primarily took place at the level of the nobility. The Lithuanian nobility gradually adopted the Polish language and cultural elements, yet they were often perceived by the Polish nobility as uncouth and poor. Lithuanians were viewed as stubborn, distrustful, and cunning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200618-19_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200618-19-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, they were treated as "one of us."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lithuanian nobility, on the other hand, regarded the Crown nobility as arrogant braggarts prone to megalomania and fond of drunkenness, referring to them as "monkeys."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 18th century, there was a widespread belief in Lithuania that the Lithuanian nobility spoke Polish better than the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Crown</a> nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common Lithuanian people, as well as the lower nobility, often referred to as Samogitians (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Żmudzini</i>), were considered by Poles as barbaric and semi-pagan, speaking an incomprehensible, "bird-like" language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Long_19th_century">Long 19th century</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Long 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, ethnographers and researchers became increasingly interested in the simple Lithuanian folk, who, unlike the nobility, did not use the Polish language in their daily lives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200624_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200624-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interest was connected with the "mythologization of Lithuania" in Polish literary culture, which portrayed Lithuania as a land of peace and tolerance, where robust, simple folk lived in harmony with the Polish manor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200629_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200629-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Polish language, a term analogous to "<a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opomania" title="Chłopomania">chłopoman</a>" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">peasant enthusiast</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) appeared: "litwoman," referring to someone who is obsessively fascinated with their own peasant Lithuanian identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200626_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200626-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term took on a pejorative connotation when the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian national movement</a> emerged, which generally viewed Polish influence in Lithuania negatively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-3634–36,_69–70_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-3634–36,_69–70-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its demands was for Polish-speaking Lithuanians to return to the language of their ancestors and embrace an ethnic Lithuanian identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, a historical theory emerged, claiming that a significant portion of Lithuania's inhabitants had Polish origins, being descendants of thousands of captives brought to Lithuania during the Middle Ages. This theory originated in the early 20th century, primarily in the writings of historians <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Abraham" title="Władysław Abraham">Władysław Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Gloger" title="Zygmunt Gloger">Zygmunt Gloger</a>. Although challenged by subsequent generations of historians, it persisted until the second half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-36_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-36-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Polish public opinion, there was often a lack of understanding regarding the emerging Lithuanian movement, which was perceived as a harmful division of the Polish-Lithuanian community. Many saw it as a Russian, and later also as a German, conspiracy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200637-38,_90-91_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200637-38,_90-91-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Litwomans were often perceived as renegades, deliberately abandoning Polish culture and language.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possibility of Lithuanian culture functioning independently of Polish culture was frequently questioned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200671_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200671-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These traits were most evident in the writings of Poles living in Lithuania. Among them, it was common to deny the Lithuanian movement the exclusive right to use names like "Lithuania," "Lithuanians," and "Grand Duchy of Lithuania," as they felt themselves to be, at the very least, equal heirs to this legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-73_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-73-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particularly in conservative and national circles, there was a dominant belief in the artificiality of Lithuanian national aspirations, which were seen as lacking any solid linguistic or historical foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200683-85_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200683-85-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire matter was often reduced to temporary social tensions between the peasant class and the nobility. For a long time, Lithuanian activists, and later the Lithuanian nation, were regarded as "younger, misguided brothers" who would eventually realize the obvious mistake of rejecting Polish identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the growing tension and new areas of conflict, a lasting anti-Lithuanian sentiment did not develop during this period. Lithuanians were still seen as a close and friendly group, with all negative traits attributed to a group of Lithuanian activists detached from reality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="After_1918">After 1918</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: After 1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png/200px-Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png/300px-Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png/400px-Pilsudski_wilno_polish-lithuanian_interwar_relations.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>anti-Lithuanian cartoon published in Poland.</figcaption></figure> <p>The conflict over the auxiliary language (in addition to Latin) in churches within parishes inhabited by both Polish- and Lithuanian-speaking populations, which took place between 1904 and 1914, had a significant impact on the formation of mutual stereotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many nationally-minded Lithuanian priests demanded a greater presence of the Lithuanian language, which often met with resistance from the broader clergy, who were attached to the role of the Polish language in the Catholic Church in Lithuania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64,_88-89_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64,_88-89-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 23, 1944, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Glinciszki_massacre" title="Glinciszki massacre">Glinciszki massacre</a>, which was a Lithuanian revenge campaign for killing their auxiliary policemen, the Polish resistance movement Home Army killed up to 100 Lithuanian civilians <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Dubingiai_massacre" title="Dubingiai massacre">Dubingiai massacre</a>. The victims included newborns, children, women and the elderly. They also killed 273 Lithuanians in <a href="/wiki/Mol%C4%97tai" title="Molėtai">Molėtai</a> from 1943 to 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Present">Present</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, during a football match between <a href="/wiki/Lech_Pozna%C5%84" title="Lech Poznań">Lech Poznań</a> and <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%BDalgiris" title="FK Žalgiris">Žalgiris</a> clubs in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Lech fans publicly hanged up a banner, saying “Lithuanian boor, kneel before the Polish master” (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Litewski chamie, klęknij przed polskim panem</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of Poles signed a letter of apology on <i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Wyborcza" title="Gazeta Wyborcza">Gazeta Wyborcza</a></i> following the incident claiming that “in Poland, there’s no place for such primitive behaviour that insults the Lithuanian nation.”<sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia_and_Soviet_Union">Russia and Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russia and Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History_2">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg/204px-19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg/306px-19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg/408px-19th_C._sign_in_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Russian sign: "Speaking Lithuanian is strictly forbidden." (19th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the partitions of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_proper" title="Lithuania proper">Lithuania proper</a> fell under Russian rule. From the early 19th century, Russian ethnic policies concerning annexed land were different: unlike in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> where Russians imposed more mild integration policies mainly seeking to turn them into loyal subjects of the state, Lithuanians together with Belarusians and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> faced assimilation.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a> (1863–64) resulted in <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Governorate-General" title="Vilna Governorate-General">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Muravyov-Vilensky" title="Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky">Mikhail Muravyov</a> initiating the Programme of Restoration of Russian Beginnings that claimed Lithuanian land being Russian since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1863, Lithuanian publications in <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> were banned. From 1872, only the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> was allowed and Lithuanian was banned in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Following the <a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">occupation of East Prussia</a>, around 130,000 <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Lithuanians" title="Prussian Lithuanians">Prussian Lithuanians</a> suffered from <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> as they were slaughtered by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. Thousands of local orphans also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Wolf_children" title="Wolf children">wolf children</a></i> (In Lithuanian: <i>vilko vaikai</i>) were left behind to fend for themselves, with many Prussian Lithuanian children escaping to Lithuania proper by crossing <a href="/wiki/Neman" title="Neman">Neman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_and_Resistance_Research_Centre_of_Lithuania" title="Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania">Research Centre of Lithuania</a>, “In Lithuania Minor and all of East Prussia, there were almost no settlements where the Soviets wouldn’t have killed and tortured the civilian population, destroyed or pillaged their property. Men were killed and women were <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">raped</a>.”<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Commissariat_for_State_Security" title="People's Commissariat for State Security">NKGB</a> officer Kuzmyn in Klaipėda writes:</p><blockquote><p>In <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ilut%C4%97" title="Šilutė">Šilutė</a> there are all-around rapes of women happening, regardless of their nationality, physical stance or age. The beautiful city of Šilutė that was left by the Germans without a battle now looks repulsive.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>In 1947, the Council of Lithuania Minor in <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Germany</a>, protested against the ethnic crimes and Russian colonisation of their homeland. Some historians deny accusations of genocide against Prussian Lithuanians, claiming it to be the result of soldier brutality.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, this massacre has been recognised by Lithuania as <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> against the Prussian Lithuanian people carried out by the Soviet regime.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Soviet times, the famous slogan “Lithuania shall remain but without Lithuanians” by statesman <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Suslov" title="Mikhail Suslov">Mikhail Susnov</a> was coined.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Lithuania was <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940</a>, immediate <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a> followed: the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> would give administration positions in <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a> to Russian representatives who usually could not speak Lithuanian, ethnic Russians were encouraged to resettle in Lithuania. In some governmental institutions of Soviet Lithuania, the Lithuanian language was banned. In 1948, 80% of all communists in Lithuania were Russians whereas only 18.5% of them were Lithuanians with the situation slightly improving after <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">Stalin's death</a>. In 1953, the leadership of the Lithuanian SSR indirectly admitted that there were attempts to Russify Lithuania and plans to eliminate politics of national character. In the 1980s, Russification intensified in public life as well: it was mandatory for the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Communist Party of Lithuania">Lithuanian Communist Party</a> to report on their progress regarding Russification. From 1972, Lithuanian names were started to be written in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a> as <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronyms</a> were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Lithuania" title="Soviet deportations from Lithuania">Soviet deportations from Lithuania</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Present_2">Present</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarly to the Soviet Union, modern <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> has also been accused of historical negationism, claiming <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> to be “primordially Russian land” despite the region sharing much closer cultural ties with its neighbouring countries and being historic Baltic land of Prussian Lithuanians and Old Prussians for centuries. Historical book <i>The Western Part of the Lithuanian Ethnographic Territory</i> written by Professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Kushner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Kushner (page does not exist)">Pavel Kushner (Knyshev)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Кушнер, Павел Иванович">ru</a>]</span> exploring Baltic people’s ties to the region has been removed from all libraries of Kaliningrad and mainland Russia with possibly only a few copies in archives remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lithuanian authorities have received several reports about the unfounded removal of Lithuanian monuments. In 2003, a bust of <a href="/wiki/Kristijonas_Donelaitis" title="Kristijonas Donelaitis">Kristijonas Donelaitis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gusev,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Gusev, Kaliningrad Oblast">Gusev</a> was desecrated with oil paint before its unveiling ceremony — the periodical <i>Kaliningradskaya Pravda</i> did not investigate the incident. In 2022, a memorial plaque in <a href="/wiki/Sovetsk,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast">Sovetsk</a> dedicated to philosopher <a href="/wiki/Vyd%C5%ABnas" title="Vydūnas">Wilhelm Storost-Vydūnas</a> has been removed. Kaliningrad authorities have also removed a stone sculpture commemorating the famous <a href="/wiki/Prussian_uprisings#The_great_Prussian_uprising_(1260–1274)" title="Prussian uprisings">Prussian resistance</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Herkus_Monte" title="Herkus Monte">Herkus Monte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the present-day political context, Lithuanians themselves are oftentimes framed as "nazis" or "fascists" by the Russian state media and press due to the Lithuanian killing squad <i><a href="/wiki/Ypatingasis_b%C5%ABrys" title="Ypatingasis būrys">Ypatingasis būrys</a></i> carrying out atrocities against the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish population</a> during the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> and Lithuanian leadership defending partisans of questionable reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian programmes have also come under scrutiny for using deceitful language when spreading false historical narratives about Lithuania: most notable examples include <a href="/wiki/Lying_by_omission" class="mw-redirect" title="Lying by omission">insinuating</a> that Lithuanians served in a national <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> legion<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or labelling <a href="/wiki/Antanas_Smetona" title="Antanas Smetona">Antanas Smetona's</a> regime as "fascist", from which Lithuania was then liberated by the Soviets, even though Moscow originally supported its initiators and even funded press publications owned by <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Nationalist_Union" title="Lithuanian Nationalist Union">Nationalists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Russian politician <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Vladimir Zhirinovsky</a> threatened the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> of Lithuania by urging Russia to “take back Klaipėda and Vilnius” on national television.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Dume of Russia</a> has registered a bill, which proposes repealing Russia's resolution recognising <a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Independence_Restoration_Day" title="Lithuania Independence Restoration Day">Lithuania's independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, reacting to <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">President of Lithuania</a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda's</a> encouragement to send more military aid to Ukraine, Russian television host <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(TV_presenter)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter)">Vladimir Solovyov</a> made claims suggesting that Lithuania is not worthy of its independence, threatened the future of its sovereignty, and asked: “Why do we put up with their existence?”<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been instances of Russian ethnically motivated violence directed against the Lithuanians living in Lithuania. In 2020, a 24-year-old Russian man who received <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">political asylum</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">physically assaulted</a> a Lithuanian teacher in <a href="/wiki/Visaginas" title="Visaginas">Visaginas</a> for teaching Russians Lithuanian in school and called Lithuanians "man-eaters".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lithuanians have also been attacked for addressing Russian speakers in Lithuanian either as pedestrians or clients.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lithuanians have reported facing double standards when seeking to come to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. There have been reports of Lithuanians having to pay £55 more for obtaining a <a href="/wiki/UK_Visas_and_Immigration" title="UK Visas and Immigration">UK visa</a> than citizens from other EU countries. Despite Britain’s official explanation that the larger price is a result of Lithuania not ratifying the Social Charter of the European Commission of 1961, <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Lithuania,_London" title="Embassy of Lithuania, London">Embassy of Lithuania</a> claimed this decision to be discriminatory and “not fully convincing” as the country did ratify the Social Charter of 1986, which “[f]rom a legal stance, is not a more inferior document.” <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="Aftermath of the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Post-Brexit</a> amendments affecting labour migration in Britain have also been seen as discriminatory against Lithuanian workers as it will cost much more for employers to employ them in comparison to other nationals. In the words of the representative for <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a> Audra Sipavičienė, additional taxes for employers “may contribute to Lithuanians being discriminated against in the labour market. This means there will be no interest in taking a more expensive Lithuanian instead of a cheaper Latvian.”<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been several instances of hostility towards Lithuanian migrants accompanied by property damage although motives for such attacks may vary.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, a twelve-year-old Lithuanian boy was beaten up in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> because of his nationality by his British peer who was ordered to do so by his mother waiting for him in the car. Many Lithuanian families have claimed their children suffered abuse in public schools because of their nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lithuanian Legion of the Waffen-SS was a military formation, which has been approved by <a href="/wiki/Hinrich_Lohse" title="Hinrich Lohse">Hinrich Lohse</a> on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bernardinai.lt/2013-05-17-kaip-lietuviai-nepateisino-garbingo-ss-legiono-vardo-pokalbis-su-istoriku-arunu-bubniu/">February 19, 1943</a>. However, on March 17, 1943, the unit was officially disbanded as Lithuanian men boycotted conscription.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wittig-Marcinkevičiūtė, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv3.lt/naujiena/lietuva/e-wittig-marcinkeviciute-europieciu-dilema-ii-n588567">"Europiečių dilema (II)"</a> [The European Dilemma (II)] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Lithuanian_TV_channel)" title="TV3 (Lithuanian TV channel)"><i>TV3</i></a>. Archived from original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vyžintas, Arūnas (10 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/ringas/lit/arunas-vyzintas-istorines-savimones-kuriozai-arba-ka-is-tikruju-svenciame.d?id=77336933">"Istorinės savimonės kuriozai arba ką iš tikrųjų švenčiame?"</a> [The oddities of historical self-awareness or what are we actually celebrating?] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)"><i>Delfi</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Edvardas_Gudavi%C4%8Dius" title="Edvardas Gudavičius">Gudavičius, Edvardas</a> (1996). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338076654_Following_the_Tracks_of_a_Myth">Following the Tracks of a Myth. Lithuanian Historical Studies</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Institute_of_History" title="Lithuanian Institute of History">Lithuanian Institute of History</a>. p. 38. Retrieved 13 August 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamuntavičius, Rūstis. (2012)<i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portalcris.vdu.lt/server/api/core/bitstreams/5749d420-8fc5-404b-b0e5-a2b9f4b4f906/content">Lietuvisai ir licvinai: naujos senos gudų istoriografijos paieškos</a></i> ['<i>Letuvisy' and 'Litsviny': The New and Old Searches of Belarusian Historiography</i>] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Magnus_University" title="Vytautas Magnus University">Vytautas Magnus University</a>. p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Šapokas, Edvardas (18 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/lituanica/aktualijos/751/1323919/baltarusijoje-sumusta-lietuvos-piliete-papasakojo-apie-patirta-siauba-pamate-lietuviska-pasa-talze-dar-stipriau">"Baltarusijoje sumušta Lietuvos pilietė papasakojo apie patirtą siaubą: pamatę lietuvišką pasą talžė dar stipriau"</a> [Lithuanian citizen beaten in Belarus talks about her experienced horror: after seeing my Lithuanian passport, they beat me even harder] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television"><i>LRT</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/irasas/2000269112/lietuviai-belgijoje-susiduria-su-darbdaviu-isnaudojimu-ju-i-tarnybas-vien-pernai-kreipesi-apie-400">"Lietuviai Belgijoje susiduria su darbdavių išnaudojimu: jų į tarnybas vien pernai kreipėsi apie 400"</a> [Lithuanians in Belgium face exploitation by their employers: around 400 of them reached out to services] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></i>. 21 May 2023. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrt.lt/lituanica/aktualijos/751/1965281/o-purvini-lietuviai-atvaziavo-bene-desimtmeti-belgijoje-dirbes-jonas-siandien-i-sios-salies-puse-ne-ziureti-nenori">"„O, purvini lietuviai atvažiavo“ – bene dešimtmetį Belgijoje dirbęs Jonas šiandien į šios šalies pusę nė žiūrėti nenori"</a> ['Oh, dirty Lithuanians have arrived' — after working for a decade in Belgium, Jonas today has no desire to even look towards this country] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></i>. 21 May 2023. Retrieved on 18 June 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tv3.lt/naujiena/uzsienis/lietuviu-vaikams-airijoje-draudziama-kalbetis-lietuviskai-atnaujintas-n115802">"Lietuvių vaikams Airijoje draudžiama kalbėtis lietuviškai"</a> [Lithuanian children in Ireland are forbidden from speaking in Lithuanian] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/TV3_(Lithuanian_TV_channel)" title="TV3 (Lithuanian TV channel)">TV3</a></i>. 6 June 2007. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vindžigalskis, Paulius (1 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/emigrants/airijoje-dirbantis-lietuvis-buvau-sumustas-vien-del-savo-tautybes.d?id=17922785">"Airijoje dirbantis lietuvis: buvau sumuštas vien dėl savo tautybės"</a> [A Lithuanian working in Ireland: I was beaten up solely because of my nationality] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/TV3_(Lithuanian_TV_channel)" title="TV3 (Lithuanian TV channel)">TV3</a></i>. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aX1IAQAAIAAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ei%C5%A1rinktos%20tautos%E2%80%9C%20atstovais,%20kuriems%20pavesta%20misija%20germanizuoti%20lietuvius"><i>Труды Академии наук Литовской ССР. Серия А</i></a> [<i>Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian SSR. Vol. A</i>] (in Lithuanian and Russian). Lithuanian State Publishing House of Political and Scientific Literature, 1975, p. 113. Retrieved on 27 September 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liekis, Algimantas (17 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkas.lt/2019/01/17/a-liekis-prusu-lietuviu-zemiu-susigrazinimo-viltis-lietuvai/">"Prūsų – lietuvių žemių susigrąžinimo viltis Lietuvai"</a> [The hope of returning Prussian–Lithuanian lands to Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). <i>Alkas.lt</i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Misiūnas, R. J. <i><a href="//archive.org/details/balticstatesyear00misi/page/48/mode/2up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:balticstatesyear00misi/page/48/mode/2up">The Baltic States, years of dependence, 1940-1990.</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. pp 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antanavičius, Ugnius (28 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/gyvenimas/naujiena/ar-zinai/ar-zinai-kodel-lietuviai-latvius-vadina-zirgo-galvomis-1634-1135738">"Kodėl kai kurie lietuviai latvius vadina „žirgo galvomis“?"</a> [Why do some Lithuanians call Latvians 'horse-heads'?]. (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/15min" title="15min">15min</a></i>. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Merkienė, Regina Irena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elibrary.lt/resursai/LMA/Lituanistica/Lit-117.pdf"><i>Latvijos lietuviai etninėje ir kultūrinėje konvergencijoje</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528195603/http://www.elibrary.lt/resursai/LMA/Lituanistica/Lit-117.pdf">Archived</a> 2023-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> [<i>Latvian Lithuanians in Ethnic and Cultural Convergence</i>] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Institute_of_History" title="Lithuanian Institute of History">Lithuanian Institute of History</a>. pp. 123–130. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200617_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200618-19-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200618-19_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 18-19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200619_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200620_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200624-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200624_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200629-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200629_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200626-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200626_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-3634–36,_69–70-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-3634–36,_69–70_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 34-36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-36-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200634-36_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 34-36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200637-38,_90-91-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200637-38,_90-91_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 37-38, 90-91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200671-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200671_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-73-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200672-73_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 72-73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200683-85-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200683-85_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 83-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200682-83_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 82-83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 62-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64,_88-89-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchowski200662-64,_88-89_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchowski2006">Buchowski 2006</a>, p. 62-64, 88-89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivaškevičius, Arūnas (8 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/lietuviai-ir-lenkai-istorines-neapykantos-pedsakais.d?id=13460562">"Lietuviai ir lenkai: istorinės neapykantos pėdsakais [Lithuanians and Poles: in the footsteps of historical hatred]"</a>. (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bubnys, Arūnas (2015). <i>Pasipriešinimo judėjimai Lietuvoje Antrojo pasaulinio karo metais: lenkų pogrindis 1939–1945 m.</i> [<i>Resistance movements in Lithuania during the Second World War: the Polish underground 1939–1945</i>] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Lietuvos_istorijos_institutas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lietuvos istorijos institutas">Lietuvos istorijos institutas</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9955-847-96-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9955-847-96-0">978-9955-847-96-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvn24.pl/poznan/pseudokibice-lecha-ukarani-za-transparent-obrazajacy-litwinow-ra608737-ls3170903">"Pseudokibice Lecha skazani za transparent "Litewski chamie, klęknij przed polskim panem"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TVN24</i> (in Polish). 2016-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVN24&rft.atitle=Pseudokibice+Lecha+skazani+za+transparent+%22Litewski+chamie%2C+kl%C4%99knij+przed+polskim+panem%22&rft.date=2016-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvn24.pl%2Fpoznan%2Fpseudokibice-lecha-ukarani-za-transparent-obrazajacy-litwinow-ra608737-ls3170903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Lithuanian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nikžentaitis, Alvydas (1 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/komentarai/alvydas-nikzentaitis-kaip-sake-v-adamkus-gal-ta-unija-nebuvo-tokia-bloga-tik-mus-blogai-apie-ja-moke-500-1164260">"Alvydas Nikžentaitis: Kaip sakė V.Adamkus – gal ta unija nebuvo tokia bloga, tik mus blogai apie ją mokė"</a> [Alvydas Nikžentaitis: as Adamkus said — maybe that union wasn't so bad, only we were badly taught about it] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/15min" title="15min">15min</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Staliūnas, Dalius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/rusinimas/">"Rusinimas"</a> [Russification] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija"><i>Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simanaitis, Edmundas (25 August 2004).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xxiamzius.lt/numeriai/2004/08/25/zvil_01.html">"Tamsiosios praeities viltinga užbaiga"</a> [The hopeful end of a dark past] (in Lithuanian). <i>XXI amžius</i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Leiserowitz" title="Ruth Leiserowitz">Leiserowitz, Ruth</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/publikationen/pdf/wolfskinder.pdf"><i>Von Ostpreußen nach Kyritz. Wolfskinder auf dem Weg nach Brandenburg</i></a> [<i>From East Prussia to Kyritz. Wolf children on their way to Brandenburg</i>] (in German). Brandenburgische Zentrale für politische Bildung, Potsdam 200. p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-932502-33-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-932502-33-7">3-932502-33-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234125/http://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/publikationen/pdf/wolfskinder.pdf">Archived</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234125/http://www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de/publikationen/pdf/wolfskinder.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the original on 16 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bernardinai.lt/2010-10-26-neuzmirstinas-mazosios-lietuvos-genocidas/">"Neužmirštinas Mažosios Lietuvos genocidas"</a> [Unforgettable genocide in Lithuania Minor] (in Lithuanian). 26 October 2010. <a href="/wiki/Bernardinai.lt" title="Bernardinai.lt"><i>Bernadinai.lt</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samoškaitė, Eglė (27 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/kodel-raudonoji-armija-neatrodo-isvaduotoja-elgesi-tarsi-zverys.d?id=67800892">"Kodėl Raudonoji armija neatrodo išvaduotoja: elgėsi tarsi žvėrys"</a> [Why the Red Army doesn't look like the liberator: they behaved like animals] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)"><i>Delfi</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_and_Resistance_Research_Centre_of_Lithuania" title="Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania">Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/kultura/istorija/2018/08/30/news/raudonosios-armijos-ziaurumas-lietuvoje-zudynes-prievartavimai-plesimai-7405118">"Raudonosios armijos žiaurumas Lietuvoje: žudynės, prievartavimai, plėšimai"</a> [The cruelty of the Red Army in Lithuania: killings, rapes and looting] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">Lrytas.lt</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAK/TAIS.284526?positionInSearchResults=140&searchModelUUID=f2ff0208-9ac9-4f37-9555-65be4957ef8c">Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos atmintinų dienų įstatymo 1 straipsnio papildymo ir pakeitimo įstatymo projekto Nr. XP-1681</a></i> [<i>On Article 1 of the Commemorative Day Act of the Republic of Lithuania No. XP-1681</i>] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Seimas" title="Seimas">Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karalius, Saulius (27 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kauno.diena.lt/naujienos/nuomones/nuomones/bus-lietuva-bet-be-lietuviu-564602">"„Bus Lietuva, bet be lietuvių“"</a> ['Lithuania shall remain but without Lithuanians'] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Kauno_diena" title="Kauno diena">Kauno diena</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/lietuvos-sovietinimas-rusinimas-ir-kolonizavimas/">"Lietuvos sovietinimas, rusinimas ir kolonizavimas"</a> [The Sovietization, Russification and colonisation of Lithuania] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija"><i>Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Voverienė, Ona (5 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkas.lt/2020/08/05/o-voveriene-kas-primins-rusijai-kad-karaliaucius-jai-nepriklauso/">"Kas primins Rusijai, kad Karaliaučius jai nepriklauso?"</a> [Who will remind Russia that Kaliningrad doesn't belong to them?] (in Lithuanian). <i>Alkas.lt</i>. Retrieved on 27 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pilaitis, Gediminas (29 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/kultura/literatura/2023/11/07/news/sigitas-parulskis-mintys-apie-pasitikejima-29063497">"Kaliningrado srityje keistas sujudimas – pradėjo ravėti lietuviškos kultūros dirvą"</a> [In the Kaliningrad Oblast, a strange commotion is unfolding — it started to weed the soil of Lithuanian culture] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">Lrytas.lt</a></i>. Retrieved on 8 November 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Žemaitis, Augustinas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truelithuania.com/are-lithuanians-racists-fascists-or-nazis-9880">"Are Lithuanians racists, fascists or Nazis?"</a><i>.</i> <i>TrueLithuania.com</i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirby, Paul (8 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48186346">"Lithuania monument for 'Nazi collaborator' prompts diplomatic row"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Foti" title="Silvia Foti">Foti, Silvia</a> (27 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/27/opinion/jonas-noreika-lithuania-nazi-collaborator.html">"No More Lies. My Grandfather Was a Nazi"</a><i>.</i> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pugačiauskas, Virgilijus (2017). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lmsa/article/1326/info">Lietuvos įvaizdžiai Rusijos žiniasklaidoje po Krymo aneksijos</a></i> [<i>Images of Lithuania in the Russian Media Following the Annexation of Crimea</i>] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/General_Jonas_%C5%BDemaitis_Military_Academy_of_Lithuania" title="General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania">General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania</a>. p. 124. Retrieved 29 November 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saldžiūnas, Vaidas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/karinis-perversmas-lietuvoje-kas-ir-kodel-nuverte-valstieciu-valdzia.d?id=73190690">"Karinis perversmas Lietuvoje: kas ir kodėl nuvertė valstiečių valdžią?"</a> [Military coup in Lithuania: who has overthrown the Peasants' Government and why?] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. 17 December 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/v-zirinovskis-grasina-atsiimti-vilniu-ir-klaipeda.d?id=68078902">"V. Žirinovskis grasina „atsiimti Vilnių ir Klaipėdą“"</a> [V. Zhirinovsky threatens to "take back Vilnius and Klaipėda"] (in Lithuanian). 27 May 2015. <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. Retrieved on 27 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censor.net/en/news/3346724/state_duma_of_russian_federation_proposes_to_cancel_recognition_of_lithuanias_independence_document">"State Duma of Russian Federation proposes to cancel recognition of Lithuania's independence."</a> <i>censor.net.</i> 8 June 2022. Retrieved on 4 September 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook, Ellie (2 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/vladimir-putin-ally-vladimir-solovyov-russian-state-tv-western-military-aid-ukraine-1778389">"Putin Ally Explodes in TV Rant on West Arming Ukraine: 'Not Enough Anger!'"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konopko, Karolina (4 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvosdiena/kriminalai/2020/03/04/news/visagine-ziauriai-sumusta-mokytoja-uzpuolikui-nepatiko-kad-moko-lietuviu-kalbos-13884870">"Visagine žiauriai sumušta mokytoja: užpuolikui nepatiko, kad moko lietuvių kalbos"</a> [A teacher brutally beaten up in Visaginas: the attacker didn't like her teaching Lithuanian] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">Lrytas.lt</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trainys, Vygandas (5 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvosdiena/kriminalai/2020/03/05/news/visagino-mokytoja-del-lietuviu-kalbos-destymo-sparde-tinklarastininkas-is-rusijos-13893910">"Visagino mokytoją spardęs Rusijos tinklaraštininkas lietuvius išvadino žmogėdromis"</a> [Russian blogger who was kicking the teacher from Visaginas called Lithuanians man-eaters] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">Lrytas.lt</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urbonaitė-Vainienė, Ieva (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/vilniuje-kalbeti-lietuviskai-pavojinga.d?id=65288358">"Vilniuje kalbėti lietuviškai – pavojinga"</a> [Speaking Lithuanian in Vilnius is dangerous] (in Lithuanian). <a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)"><i>Delfi</i></a>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gafurova, Justina (18 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ve.lt/aktualijos/lietuva/taksi-vairuotojo-uzsipulta-vilniete-nuo-kada-savo-salyje-negaliu-kalbeti">"Taksi vairuotojo užsipulta vilnietė: nuo kada savo šalyje negaliu kalbėti lietuviškai?"</a> [A Vilnius local attacked by a taxi driver: since when am I not allowed to speak Lithuanian in my own country?] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_ekspresas" title="Vakarų ekspresas">Vakarų ekspresas</a></i>. Retrieved on 26 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/kaltina-diskriminacija-isidarbinti-jungtineje-karalysteje-lietuviams-tapo-brangiau-nei-kitiems.d?id=86498295">"Kaltina diskriminacija: įsidarbinti Jungtinėje Karalystėje lietuviams tapo brangiau nei kitiems"</a> [Accused of discrimination: employment in the United Kingdom for Lithuanians became more expensive than others] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. 17 February 2021. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyršmantas, Valdas (8 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/emigrants/kaimynai-lietuves-gyvenima-didziojoje-britanijoje-paverte-pragaru.d?id=77120477">"Kaimynai lietuvės gyvenimą Didžiojoje Britanijoje pavertė pragaru"</a> [Neighbours in Great Britain turn Lithuanian's life into hell] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/crime/anglijoje-ziauriai-sumustas-lietuvis.d?id=71927738">"Anglijoje žiauriai sumuštas lietuvis"</a> [A Lithuanian was brutally beaten in England] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. 30 July 2016. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrytas.lt/lietuvosdiena/aktualijos/2009/08/18/news/s-airijoje-lietuvis-buvo-uzpultas-del-tautybes-5777967">"Š.Airijoje lietuvis buvo užpultas dėl tautybės"</a> [A Lithuanian was attacked in Northern Ireland because of his nationality] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Lrytas.lt" title="Lrytas.lt">lrytas.lt</a></i>. 18 August 2009. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pukenė, Rūta (3 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/atmosfera-po-brexit-kaista-anglijoje-sumustas-dvylikametis-lietuvis.d?id=71708750">"Atmosfera po „Brexit“ kaista: Anglijoje sumuštas dvylikametis lietuvis"</a> [The atmosphere after Brexit is getting heated: a twelve-year-old Lithuanian was beaten up in England] (in Lithuanian). <i><a href="/wiki/Delfi_(web_portal)" title="Delfi (web portal)">Delfi</a></i>. Retrieved on 28 May 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchowski2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Buchowski, Krzysztof (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbc.biaman.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/2045/content"><i>Litwomani i polonizatorzy. Mity, wzajemne postrzeganie i stereotypy w stosunkach polsko-litewskich w pierwszej połowie XX wieku</i></a> [<i>Litwomans and Polonizers: Myths, Mutual Perceptions, and Stereotypes in Polish-Lithuanian Relations in the First Half of the 20th Century</i>] (in Polish). Białystok.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Litwomani+i+polonizatorzy.+Mity%2C+wzajemne+postrzeganie+i+stereotypy+w+stosunkach+polsko-litewskich+w+pierwszej+po%C5%82owie+XX+wieku&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Buchowski&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpbc.biaman.pl%2Fdlibra%2Fpublication%2Fedition%2F2045%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Lithuanian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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