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ion - Hrvatska enciklopedija
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Ion nastaje kada neutralni atom ili molekula izgube ili prime jedan elektron ili više njih. Gubitkom elektrona nastaje pozitivno nabijeni ion <span style="color: #000000"><i>(kation),</i></span> a primitkom nastaje negativno nabijeni ion <span style="color: #000000"><i>(anion).</i></span> Ioni, dakle, nose pozitivan ili negativan električni naboj (ili cjelobrojni višekratnik naboja) jednog elektrona, tj. elementarni kvant elektriciteta (1,60217733(49) · 10<sup>–19</sup> C) i gibaju se pod utjecajem električnog polja. Mnoge kristalne tvari sastoje se od suprotno nabijenih iona, koji se zbog suprotnih naboja međusobno snažno privlače i povezuju ionskom vezom (→ <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps"><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/kemijske-veze ">kemijske veze</a></span></span>) u pravilnu prostornu rešetku. Ako se takve tvari rastale ili otope u vodi, one disociraju, tj. rastavljaju se na sastavne ione i provode električnu struju. (→ <span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps"><a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/elektroliti ">elektroliti</a>; <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/elektrolitska-disocijacija ">elektrolitska disocijacija</a>; <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/ionizacija ">ionizacija</a>; <a href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/ionski-parovi ">ionski parovi</a></span></span>)</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container citiranje"> Citiranje: <p> ion. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>, <i>mrežno izdanje.</i> Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2013. – 2024. 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