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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Category:Eastern Orthodoxy">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/140px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/210px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg/280px-Christ_Pantocrator_mosaic_from_Hagia_Sophia_2744_x_2900_pixels_3.1_MB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2744" data-file-height="2900" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of theology</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Church history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Oriental_Orthodoxy" title="Sacrament">Holy Mysteries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">View of salvation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">View of Mary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon#Eastern_Orthodox_teaching" title="Icon">View of icons</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension<br />of Jesus</a></div></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four Marks of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clergy#Orthodoxy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Eastern_Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Eastern Orthodox Church)">Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Orthodox_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Orthodox Church)">Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon#Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Eastern_Catholicism" title="Deacon">Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christian_monasticism#Byzantine_monasticism" title="Eastern Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_brotherhood" title="Orthodox brotherhood">Bratstvo</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion: <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches <i>de jure</i>: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine (OCU)</a></li></ul> <p>Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (UOC)</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomous</a> jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (RP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (MP)</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Semi-Autonomous: </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (EP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">ROCOR (MP)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Episcopal assemblies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Noncanonical jurisdictions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="True Orthodoxy">True Orthodoxy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Orthodox_Catholic_Church" title="American Orthodox Catholic Church">American Orthodox Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_World_Patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="American World Patriarchs">American World Patriarchs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Churches_that_are_unrecognized" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">National</a> churches:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Orthodox_Church" title="Abkhazian Orthodox Church">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Italy" title="Orthodox Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Orthodox_Churches_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Orthodox Churches in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Orthodox Church">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate">UOC–KP</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical councils</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First Seven Ecumenical Councils</a>:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Seventh</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other possible ecumenical councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Fifth Council of Constantinople">Ninth</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Other important councils:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jassy" title="Synod of Jassy">Jassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Moscow_Synod" title="Great Moscow Synod">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constantinople_(1872)" title="Council of Constantinople (1872)">Constantinople (1872)</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iberia" title="Christianization of Iberia">Christianization of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Bulgaria" title="Christianization of Bulgaria">Christianization of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Christianization of Kievan Rus'">Christianization of Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Great Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_North_America" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in North America">North America</a></li> <li>Moscow–Constantinople schism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology">History of Eastern Orthodox theology</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_Eastern_Orthodox_theology_in_the_20th_century" title="History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century">20th century (Neo-Palamism)</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">Apophaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_contemplation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian contemplation">Contemplative prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93energies_distinction" title="Essence–energies distinction">Essence vs. Energies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metousiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystical_theology#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Mystical theology">Mystical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepsis" title="Nepsis">Nepsis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economy_(religion)" title="Economy (religion)">Oikonomia</a></i> vs <i><a href="/wiki/Akribeia" title="Akribeia">Akribeia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">Ousia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philokalia" title="Philokalia">Philokalia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phronema" title="Phronema">Phronema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_view_of_sin" title="Eastern Orthodox view of sin">Sin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">Theosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Differences from the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_teaching_regarding_the_Filioque" title="Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque">Opposition to the Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Opposition to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgy and worship</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Service (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Divine Services</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Liturgical entrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical fan in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Liturgical fans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lity in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Lity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox bowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxis_(Byzantine_Rite)" title="Praxis (Byzantine Rite)">Praxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_greeting" title="Paschal greeting">Paschal greeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rope" title="Prayer rope">Prayer rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_bell_ringing" title="Russian Orthodox bell ringing">Russian bell ringing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantron" title="Semantron">Semantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vestment">Vestments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible#Byzantine_Rite" title="Thurible">Use of incense</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical calendar</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">12 Great Feasts</a></li> <li>Other feasts:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Orthodoxy" title="Feast of Orthodoxy">Feast of Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_the_Theotokos" title="Intercession of the Theotokos">Intercession of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>The four fasting periods:</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition</a> Fast</li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_and_Methodius" title="Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Palamas" title="Gregory Palamas">Gregory Palamas</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs" title="Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs">Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_cross" title="Russian Orthodox cross">Eastern Orthodox cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Saint titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Statistics by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Metousiosis</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> term (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μετουσίωσις</span></span>) that means a change of <i><a href="/wiki/Ousia" title="Ousia">ousia</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">οὐσία</span></span>, "essence, inner reality"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The declaration of the <a href="/wiki/1672_Synod_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="1672 Synod of Jerusalem">1672 Synod of Jerusalem</a> is quoted by J.M. Neale (<i>History of Eastern Church</i>, Parker, Oxford and London, 1858) as follows: "When we use the word <i>metousiosis</i>, we by no means think it explains the mode by which the bread and wine are converted into the Body and Blood of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>, for this is altogether incomprehensible [...] but we mean that the bread and wine are changed into the Body and Blood of the Lord, not figuratively or symbolically, nor by any extraordinary grace attached to them [...] but [...] the bread becomes verily and indeed and essentially the very true Body of the Lord, and the wine the very Blood of the Lord." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology_and_dogmatic_status">Theology and dogmatic status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theology and dogmatic status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1672_Synod_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="1672 Synod of Jerusalem">1672 Synod of Jerusalem</a> released what the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> called "the most vital statement of faith made in the Greek Church during the past thousand years".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip Schaff wrote in his <i>Creeds of Christendom</i>: "This Synod is the most important in the modern history of the Eastern Church, and may be compared to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a>. Both fixed the doctrinal status of the Churches they represent, and both condemned the evangelical doctrines of Protestantism [...] the Romish [sic] doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">transubstantiation</a> (μεταβολή [metabolí], μετουσίωσις [metousiosis]) is taught as strongly as words can make it."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i> states: "The Greek term <i>metousiosis</i>, which is comparable to the Latin <i><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">transsubstantiatio</a></i>, does appear in [Eastern] Orthodox liturgical and theological texts – though not as often as other vocabulary (e.g., <i>metastoicheiosis</i>, a "change of elements").<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A. Osipov states that the Eastern Orthodox use of the Greek word μεταβολή (<i>metabole</i>), meaning "change", and the Russian преложение in relation to the Eucharist should not be taken as equivalent to the word "transubstantiation", which has been rendered as <i>metousiosis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Osipov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osipov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikolaj Uspenksij appeal to <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> who, when speaking of other doctrines, drew analogies from the Eucharist and spoke of it as bread and wine, but as having also a heavenly nature.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Eastern Orthodox theologians thus appear to deny transubstantiation/metousiosis, but in the view of <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Fortescue" title="Adrian Fortescue">Adrian Fortescue</a>, what they object to is the associated theory of substance and accident, and they hold that there is a real change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Orthodox_use_of_the_term_metousiosis">Eastern Orthodox use of the term <i>metousiosis</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodox use of the term metousiosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first edition of <i>The Longer Catechism of the Orthodox, Catholic, Eastern Church</i>, known also as <i>The Catechism of St. Philaret</i>, did not include the term <i>metousiosis</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Osipov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osipov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was added in the third edition: "In the exposition of the faith by the Eastern Patriarchs, it is said that the word <i>transubstantiation</i> is not to be taken to define the manner in which the bread and wine are changed into the Body and Blood of the Lord; for this none can understand but God; but only thus much is signified, that the bread truly, really, and substantially becomes the very true Body of the Lord, and the wine the very Blood of the Lord."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm#ii.xv.iii.i.p41">[1]</a> The official Greek version of this passage (question 340) uses the word "metousiosis". </p><p>Writing in 1929, Metropolitan of Thyatira Germanos said that an obstacle to the request for union with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> presented in the 17th century by some <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> bishops was that "the Patriarchs were adamant on the question of Transubstantiation", which, in view of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Thirty-Nine Articles</a>, the Anglican bishops did not wish to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oriental_Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a> does not use a term corresponding to transubstantiation/metousiosis, but it speaks of "change" and rejects the Protestant denial of "the reality of the change of the bread and wine to the body and the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRockwell1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rockwell, William Walker (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jerusalem, Synod of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jerusalem,_Synod_of">"Jerusalem, Synod of" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 335.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jerusalem%2C+Synod+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=335&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=William+Walker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetousiosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.v.vii.html">"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>www.ccel.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ccel.org&rft.atitle=Philip+Schaff%3A+Creeds+of+Christendom%2C+with+a+History+and+Critical+notes.+Volume+I.+The+History+of+Creeds.+-+Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fcreeds1.v.vii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetousiosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JmFetR5Wqd8C&dq=transubstantiation+orthodox&pg=PA232">John Anthony McGuckin (editor), <i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i> (John Wiley and Sons 2010), p. 232</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44439254-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44439254-8">978-1-44439254-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osipov-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osipov_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osipov_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theolcom.ru/doc/071004/Osipov.pdf">Проф. А. Осипов. Μεταβολή или transsubstantiatio?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messia.ru/r2/4/l11_133.htm#b25">Николай Успенский. Святоотеческое учение о непостижимости природы евхаристии.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu5d7_bByvIC&dq=transubstantiation+orthodox&pg=PA384">Adrian Fortescue, <i>The Orthodox Eastern Church</i> (Gorgias Press 2001), pp. 25–26</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-97159861-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-97159861-4">978-0-97159861-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anglicanhistory.org/orthodoxy/germanos1929.html">Progress Towards the Re-Union of the Orthodox and Anglican Churches. By the Most Rev. Archbishop Germanos, Metropolitan of Thyatira. The Christian East, Spring, 1929, pp. 20-31.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suscopts.org/q&a/index.php?qid=1249&catid=606">Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States, "Transubstantiation".</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metousiosis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm"><i>The Longer Catechism of the Orthodox, Catholic, Eastern Church</i>, questions 338-340</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Presanctified_Gifts" title="Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts">Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours#Byzantine_Rite_usage" title="Canonical hours">Divine Office</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vespers#Byzantine_Rite" title="Vespers">Vespers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Compline#Compline_in_Byzantine_usage" title="Compline">Compline</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight Office">Midnight Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthros" title="Orthros">Orthros</a> <small>(Matins)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Prime (liturgy)">First Hour</a> <small>(Prime)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Terce#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Terce">Third Hour</a> <small>(Terce)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sext#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Sext">Sixth Hour</a> <small>(Sext)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nones_(liturgy)#Eastern_Christian_Office" title="Nones (liturgy)">Ninth Hour</a> <small>(None)</small></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inter-Hours" title="Inter-Hours">Inter-Hours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Typica" title="Typica">Typica</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/All-night_vigil" title="All-night vigil">All-night vigil</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Occasional</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baptism#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Insufflation" title="Insufflation">Insufflation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Minor_exorcism_in_Christianity" title="Minor exorcism in Christianity">Minor exorcism</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_burial#Eastern_Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_burial_ritual" title="Christian burial">Burial</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolution_of_the_dead#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Absolution of the dead">Absolution of the dead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memory_Eternal" title="Memory Eternal">Memory Eternal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Memorial_service_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Memorial service in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Memorial service</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Churching_of_women#In_the_East" title="Churching of women">Churching of women</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Consecration_in_Eastern_Christianity#Consecration_of_a_church" title="Consecration in Eastern Christianity">Consecration of a church</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone#Eastern_Churches" title="Cornerstone">Blessing of the cornerstone</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Christianity#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Exorcism in Christianity">Exorcism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> liturgies <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)#Eastern_Christian_practice" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hours">Great Hours</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios Threnos</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Epitafio" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitafio">Epitafio</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Good Friday Prayer">Good Friday Prayer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_prayer_for_the_Jews" title="Good Friday prayer for the Jews">for the Jews</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Improperia" title="Improperia">Improperia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter_Vigil#Byzantine_Christianity:_Eastern_Orthodoxy_and_Greek_Catholicism" title="Easter Vigil">Paschal Vigil</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Homily" title="Paschal Homily">Paschal Homily</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_Hours" title="Paschal Hours">Paschal Hours</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Christian" title="Wedding ring">Vows</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mystery_of_Crowning" title="Mystery of Crowning">Mystery of Crowning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy orders">Ordination</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Axios_(acclamation)" title="Axios (acclamation)">Axios</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Anointing of the sick">Unction</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Last_rites#Orthodox_and_Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Common</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alleluia" title="Alleluia">Alleluia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epistle#Eastern_churches" title="Epistle">Apostol</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_(liturgy)" title="Dismissal (liturgy)">Dismissal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecphonesis" title="Ecphonesis">Ecphonesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ectenia" title="Ectenia">Ectenia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gospel_(liturgy)" title="Gospel (liturgy)">Gospel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">Kathisma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kyrie" title="Kyrie">Kyrie</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Laying on of hands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Megalynarion" title="Megalynarion">Megalynarion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Axion_Estin" title="Axion Estin">Axion Estin</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polychronion" title="Polychronion">Polychronion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Ephrem" title="Prayer of Saint Ephrem">Prayer of Saint Ephrem</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Procession#Eastern_Orthodox" title="Procession">Procession</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prokeimenon" title="Prokeimenon">Prokeimenon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secret_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Secret (liturgy)">Secret</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign of the Cross">Sign of the Cross</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theotokion" title="Theotokion">Theotokion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Irmos" title="Irmos">Irmos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Katavasia" title="Katavasia">Katavasia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ypakoe" title="Ypakoe">Ypakoe</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ton_Despotin" title="Ton Despotin">Ton Despotin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Trisagion" title="Trisagion">Trisagion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Usual_beginning" title="Usual beginning">Usual beginning</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Divine Liturgy</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity#Eastern_and_Oriental_Christian" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Anamnesis_(Christianity)" title="Anamnesis (Christianity)">Anamnesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elevation_(liturgy)#Byzantine_Rite" title="Elevation (liturgy)">Elevation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Epiclesis" title="Epiclesis">Epiclesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fraction_(religion)#Eastern_Christian" title="Fraction (religion)">Fraction</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Words_of_Institution#Byzantine_Christian_Churches" title="Words of Institution">Words of Consecration</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherubikon" title="Cherubikon">Cherubikon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Entrance_(liturgical)" title="Entrance (liturgical)">Entrance</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Entrance_prayers" title="Entrance prayers">Entrance prayers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kairos" title="Kairos">Kairos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace#Eastern_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Kiss of peace</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)#The_koinonikon_cycle_of_the_Divine_Liturgy_in_Orthodox_rites" title="Communion (chant)">Koinonikon</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Let_all_mortal_flesh_keep_silence" title="Let all mortal flesh keep silence">Let all mortal flesh keep silence</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Preparation" title="Liturgy of Preparation">Liturgy of Preparation</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Only-begotten_Son" title="Only-begotten Son">Only-begotten Son</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sursum_corda" title="Sursum corda">Sursum corda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zapivka" title="Zapivka">Zapivka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zeon_(liturgy)" title="Zeon (liturgy)">Zeon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Divine Office</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Ascents#Anabathmoi" title="Song of Ascents">Anabathmoi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apolytikion" title="Apolytikion">Apolytikion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aposticha" title="Aposticha">Aposticha</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Artoklasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artoklasia">Artoklasia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canon_(hymnography)" title="Canon (hymnography)">Canon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gloria_in_excelsis_Deo" title="Gloria in excelsis Deo">Doxology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Exapostilarion" title="Exapostilarion">Exapostilarion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lity_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Lity in Eastern Christianity">Lity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Canticle#Eastern_Christian" title="Canticle">Odes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paraklesis" title="Paraklesis">Paraklesis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polyeleos" title="Polyeleos">Polyeleos</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Matins_Gospel" title="Matins Gospel">Matins Gospel</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Doxastikon" title="Doxastikon">Doxastikon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Idiomelon" title="Idiomelon">Idiomelon</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Theos_Kyrios" title="Theos Kyrios">Theos Kyrios</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acolyte" title="Acolyte">Acolyte</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_server" title="Altar server">altar server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop#Catholic,_Eastern_Orthodox,_Oriental_Orthodox_and_Anglican_churches" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)#Eastern_Christianity" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Cantor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canonarch" title="Canonarch">Canonarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampadarius" title="Lampadarius">Lampadarius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">Censer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegumen" title="Hegumen">Hegumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)#Eastern_liturgical_rites" title="Reader (liturgy)">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Roman_Catholicism_and_Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Priest">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">Subdeacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary#Sanctuary_as_area_around_the_altar" title="Sanctuary">Sanctuary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABr" title="Aër">Aër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_candle" title="Altar candle">Altar candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar_lamp" title="Altar lamp">Altar lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogion" title="Analogion">Analogion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_brush" title="Anointing brush">Anointing brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antependium#Eastern_Christianity" title="Antependium">Antependium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimins" title="Antimins">Antimins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambon_(liturgy)" title="Ambon (liturgy)">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bema" title="Bema">Bema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedra#Eastern_churches" title="Cathedra">Cathedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diptych#Ecclesiastical" title="Diptych">Diptych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_rug" title="Eagle rug">Eagle rug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altar#Byzantine_Rite" title="Altar">Holy Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relic#Christianity" title="Relic">Relic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_doors" title="Royal doors">Royal doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleas" title="Soleas">Soleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothesis_(altar)" title="Prothesis (altar)">Table of Oblation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templon" title="Templon">Templon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%">Liturgical<br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antidoron" title="Antidoron">Antidoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artos" title="Artos">Artos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterisk_(liturgy)" title="Asterisk (liturgy)">Asterisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azymite" title="Azymite">Azymite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">Baptismal font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Wedding_ceremony_customs" title="Wedding ring">Betrothal ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_cross" title="Blessing cross">Blessing cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelabra" title="Candelabra">Candelabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalice#Christian" title="Chalice">Chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikirion_and_trikirion" title="Dikirion and trikirion">Dikirion and trikirion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paschal_trikirion" title="Paschal trikirion">Paschal trikirion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paten#Eastern_Christian_usage" title="Paten">Diskos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaphios_(liturgical)" title="Epitaphios (liturgical)">Epitaphios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Epitafio" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitafio">epitafio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">Incense</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_use_of_incense#Christianity" title="Religious use of incense">use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliva" title="Koliva">Koliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorugv" title="Khorugv">Khorugv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_(liturgy)" title="Lamb (liturgy)">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavabo" title="Lavabo">Lavabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_fan_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Liturgical fan in Eastern Christianity">Liturgical fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)#In_other_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh#In_contemporary_Christianity" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_of_catechumens" title="Oil of catechumens">Oil of catechumens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pall_(funeral)" title="Pall (funeral)">Pall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podruchnik" title="Podruchnik">Podruchnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processional_cross" title="Processional cross">Processional cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphora" title="Prosphora">Prosphora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">sacramental bread</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyx" title="Pyx">Pyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_water" title="Rose water">Rose water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">Sacramental wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_lamp" title="Sanctuary lamp">Sanctuary lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear_(liturgy)" title="Spear (liturgy)">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoon_(liturgy)" title="Spoon (liturgy)">Spoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurible" title="Thurible">Thurible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil#Christianity" title="Veil">Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring#Christian" title="Wedding ring">Wedding ring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship#Liturgical_books" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Liturgical books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle#Eastern_churches" title="Epistle">Apostol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euchologion" title="Euchologion">Euchologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeliary" title="Evangeliary">Evangeliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horologion" title="Horologion">Horologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmologion" title="Irmologion">Irmologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lectionary#Byzantine_lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaion" title="Menaion">Menaion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menologion" class="mw-redirect" title="Menologion">Menologion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos_(liturgy)" title="Octoechos (liturgy)">Octoechos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patristic_writings" class="mw-redirect" title="Patristic writings">Patristic writings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion" title="Pentecostarion">Pentecostarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaxarion" class="mw-redirect" title="Synaxarion">Synaxarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triodion" title="Triodion">Triodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Typicon">Typicon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestment#Eastern_Church_vestments" title="Vestment">Vestments</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pontifical_vestments#Eastern_Christianity" title="Pontifical vestments">Pontifical</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptismal_clothing" title="Baptismal clothing">Baptismal clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">Cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir_dress" title="Choir dress">Choir dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_comb" title="Liturgical comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosier" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosier">Crosier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engolpion" title="Engolpion">Engolpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigonation" title="Epigonation">Epigonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimanikia" title="Epimanikia">Epimanikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitrachelion" title="Epitrachelion">Epitrachelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klobuk" title="Klobuk">Klobuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre" title="Mitre">Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabedrennik" title="Nabedrennik">Nabedrennik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">Omophorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orarion" title="Orarion">Orarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagia#Vestment" title="Panagia">Panagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_cross" title="Pectoral cross">Pectoral cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelonion" title="Phelonion">Phelonion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakkos" title="Sakkos">Sakkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stole_(vestment)#Eastern_Christianity" title="Stole (vestment)">Stole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_(vestment)" title="Zone (vestment)">Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Liturgical <br />calendar</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Lenten_Season" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Lenten Season">Pre-Lenten Season</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week#Holy_Week_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Pascha</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecostarion</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition Fast</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterfeast" title="Afterfeast">Afterfeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_movable_Eastern_Christian_observances" title="List of movable Eastern Christian observances">Moveable observances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_cycle" title="Paschal cycle">Paschal cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_feasts_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Twelve Great Feasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_discipline" title="Eucharistic discipline">Eucharistic discipline</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowing_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Bowing in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Bowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bow_beginning" title="Seven bow beginning">Seven bow beginning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_etiquette" title="Church etiquette">Church etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_communion" title="Closed communion">Closed communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_the_developmentally_disabled" title="Communion and the developmentally disabled">Communion and the developmentally disabled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting#Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">Headcover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Host_desecration" title="Host desecration">Host desecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_communion" title="Infant communion">Infant communion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intinction" title="Intinction">Intinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration#Christianity" title="Prostration">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_sacrament#Eastern_Christian" title="Reserved sacrament">Reserved sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_after_Communion#Eastern_Orthodox" title="Thanksgiving after Communion">Thanksgiving after Communion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:lightblue;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eucharistic_theology" title="Eucharistic theology">Theology</a></th><td 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