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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Financial_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Financial services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Development zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Key industries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Panel_display_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panel_display_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Panel display industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panel_display_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_and_communication_equipment_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_and_communication_equipment_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Computer and communication equipment industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_and_communication_equipment_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semiconductor_and_integrated_circuits_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semiconductor_and_integrated_circuits_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Semiconductor and integrated circuits industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semiconductor_and_integrated_circuits_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software_and_information_services_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software_and_information_services_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.4</span> <span>Software and information services industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_and_information_services_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machinery_and_equipment_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machinery_and_equipment_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.5</span> <span>Machinery and equipment industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machinery_and_equipment_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_materials_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_materials_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.6</span> <span>New materials industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_materials_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.7</span> <span>Tourism industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibition_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibition_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.8</span> <span>Exhibition industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibition_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_creativity_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_creativity_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.9</span> <span>Culture and creativity industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_creativity_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_logistics_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_logistics_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.10</span> <span>Modern logistics industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_logistics_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_services_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_services_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.11</span> <span>Financial services industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_services_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bio-medicine_and_health_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bio-medicine_and_health_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.12</span> <span>Bio-medicine and health industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bio-medicine_and_health_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_modern_agriculture_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_modern_agriculture_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.13</span> <span>Urban modern agriculture industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_modern_agriculture_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.14</span> <span>Automotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Local transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarine_tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarine_tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Submarine tunnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarine_tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Subway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BRT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BRT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>BRT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BRT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycle-way" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycle-way"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Cycle-way</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycle-way-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10.1</span> <span>Ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10.2</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gulangyu_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulangyu_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Gulangyu Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulangyu_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunlight_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunlight_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Sunlight rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunlight_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kulangsu_Historic_International_Settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kulangsu_Historic_International_Settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Kulangsu Historic International Settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kulangsu_Historic_International_Settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yundang_Lake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yundang_Lake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Yundang Lake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yundang_Lake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hulishan_Fortress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hulishan_Fortress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.5</span> <span>Hulishan Fortress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hulishan_Fortress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zengcuoan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zengcuoan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.6</span> <span>Zengcuoan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zengcuoan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shapowei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shapowei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.7</span> <span>Shapowei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shapowei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aotou_village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aotou_village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.8</span> <span>Aotou village</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aotou_village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arcade_Building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade_Building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.9</span> <span>Arcade Building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade_Building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xiamen_Horticulture_Expo_Garden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xiamen_Horticulture_Expo_Garden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.10</span> <span>Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xiamen_Horticulture_Expo_Garden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chengyi_Discovery_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chengyi_Discovery_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.11</span> <span>Chengyi Discovery Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chengyi_Discovery_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Xiamen_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xiamen_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Xiamen Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xiamen_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tan_Kah_Kee_Memorial_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tan_Kah_Kee_Memorial_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Tan Kah Kee Memorial Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tan_Kah_Kee_Memorial_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_Chinese_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_Chinese_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Overseas Chinese Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_Chinese_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gulangyu_Piano_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulangyu_Piano_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Gulangyu Piano Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulangyu_Piano_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xiamen_Olympic_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xiamen_Olympic_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.5</span> <span>Xiamen Olympic Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xiamen_Olympic_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Fish_Bone_Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Fish_Bone_Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.6</span> <span>Oriental Fish Bone Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Fish_Bone_Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_'incessant'_Xiamen_memories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_'incessant'_Xiamen_memories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.7</span> <span>Museum of 'incessant' Xiamen memories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_'incessant'_Xiamen_memories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Folk customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gongfu_tea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gongfu_tea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Gongfu tea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gongfu_tea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jianggu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jianggu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Jianggu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jianggu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-Autumn_mooncake_gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-Autumn_mooncake_gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.3</span> <span>Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-Autumn_mooncake_gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sending_off_the_Wang_Boat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sending_off_the_Wang_Boat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.4</span> <span>Sending off the Wang Boat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sending_off_the_Wang_Boat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nanyin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nanyin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.1</span> <span>Nanyin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nanyin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaojia_Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaojia_Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.2</span> <span>Gaojia Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaojia_Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gezai_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gezai_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.3</span> <span>Gezai opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gezai_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dazuigu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dazuigu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.4</span> <span>Dazuigu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dazuigu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chest-clapping_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chest-clapping_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.5</span> <span>Chest-clapping dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chest-clapping_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lacquer_thread_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lacquer_thread_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.1</span> <span>Lacquer thread sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lacquer_thread_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bead_embroidery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bead_embroidery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5.2</span> <span>Bead embroidery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bead_embroidery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nanputuo_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nanputuo_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.1</span> <span>Nanputuo Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nanputuo_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brahma_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brahma_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.2</span> <span>Brahma Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brahma_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_in_Life_Protection_Emperor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_in_Life_Protection_Emperor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.3</span> <span>Belief in Life Protection Emperor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belief_in_Life_Protection_Emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_in_Lord_Chi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_in_Lord_Chi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.4</span> <span>Belief in Lord Chi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belief_in_Lord_Chi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_in_Fude_Zhengshen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_in_Fude_Zhengshen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.5</span> <span>Belief in Fude Zhengshen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belief_in_Fude_Zhengshen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colleges and universities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Public universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Private universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_higher_vocational_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_higher_vocational_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Public higher vocational schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_higher_vocational_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_higher_vocational_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_higher_vocational_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Private higher vocational schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_higher_vocational_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continuing_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continuing_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Continuing education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continuing_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-degree_higher_learning_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-degree_higher_learning_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Non-degree higher learning institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-degree_higher_learning_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendly_exchange_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendly_exchange_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Friendly exchange cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendly_exchange_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Sister ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendly_cooperation_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendly_cooperation_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.5</span> <span>Friendly cooperation ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendly_cooperation_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>General and cited sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiamen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="شيامن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شيامن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="শিয়ামেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিয়ামেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92-mn%CC%82g-chh%C4%AB" title="Ē-mn̂g-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ē-mn̂g-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сямынь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сямынь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Сямън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сямън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen_(kapital_sa_prepektura)" title="Xiamen (kapital sa prepektura) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Xiamen (kapital sa prepektura)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sia-men" title="Sia-men – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sia-men" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen_Shi" title="Xiamen Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Xiamen Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Σιαμέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σιαμέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamen" title="Sjamen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sjamen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="شیامن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیامن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80" title="廈門 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="廈門" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha-m%C3%B9n-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Ha-mùn-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ha-mùn-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A8%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="샤먼시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤먼시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85m%C3%B8y" title="Åmøy – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Åmøy" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Սյամին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սյամին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сямынь – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сямынь" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="שיאמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיאמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სიამინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიამინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjame%C5%86a" title="Sjameņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sjameņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamenas" title="Siamenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Siamenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsziamen" title="Hsziamen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hsziamen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="च्यामेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="च्यामेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სიამენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიამენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86" title="شیمن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شیمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-mu%C3%B2ng" title="Â-muòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Â-muòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E5%B8%82" title="廈門市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="廈門市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86" title="شیامن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شیامن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiyamin" title="Hiyamin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hiyamin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сямынь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сямынь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamen" title="Siamen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siamen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Сјамен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сјамен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เซี่ยเหมิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซี่ยเหมิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Сямень – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сямень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="شیامین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شیامین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="شيامېن شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شيامېن شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_M%C3%B4n" title="Hạ Môn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạ Môn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E5%B8%82" title="廈門市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="廈門市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Xiamen" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%82" title="厦门市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="厦门市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80" title="廈門 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廈門" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Xiamen&params=24.4796_N_118.0889_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-35_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°28′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°05′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.4796°N 118.0889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.4796; 118.0889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Fujian, China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Amoy" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Amoy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Amoy (disambiguation)">Amoy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city in Fujian, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Xiamen</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">厦门市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Amoy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Xiamen skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg/288px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg/432px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg/576px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="984" /></a></span></div><div>Skyline of Xiamen</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XiamenUniversityChina_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Xiamen University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg/133px-XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg/266px-XiamenUniversityChina_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div style="height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulangyu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gulangyu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gulangyu.jpg/151px-Gulangyu.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gulangyu.jpg/227px-Gulangyu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Gulangyu.jpg/302px-Gulangyu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nanputuo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/166px-Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/249px-Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg/332px-Xiamen_Nanputuo_20120226-05_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/South_Putuo_Temple" title="South Putuo Temple">South Putuo Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg/118px-Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg/177px-Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg/236px-Xiamen_night_cityscape_2018_-_Flickr_-_Jaykhuang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Shimao_Cross-Strait_Plaza" title="Shimao Cross-Strait Plaza">Shimao Cross-Strait Plaza</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:79px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Haicang Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg/288px-Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg/432px-Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg/576px-Haicang_Bridge_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="275" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Haicang_Bridge" title="Haicang Bridge">Haicang Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">温馨城市·海上花园</span></span> (Comfortable city, oceanfront garden)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="24.66" data-lon="118.16" data-overlays="["_40e998ddb9d2644ee5480c2fc56439bfbad50b82"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/24.66/118.16/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,24.66,118.16,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Xiamen&revid=1258773763&groups=_40e998ddb9d2644ee5480c2fc56439bfbad50b82" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,24.66,118.16,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Xiamen&revid=1258773763&groups=_40e998ddb9d2644ee5480c2fc56439bfbad50b82 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Xiamen City jurisdiction in Fujian"><img alt="Location of Xiamen City jurisdiction in Fujian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg/240px-Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg/360px-Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg/480px-Locator_map_Xiamen_in_Fujian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="818" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Xiamen City jurisdiction in Fujian</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xiamen is located in China"><img alt="Xiamen is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.987%;left:76.407%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Xiamen"><img alt="Xiamen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Xiamen</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in China</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Xiamen municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Xiamen&params=24.4796_N_118.0889_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-35_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°28′47″N</span> <span class="longitude">118°05′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.4796°N 118.0889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">24.4796; 118.0889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level<br />divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>6 districts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Xiamen Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Cui Yonghui</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Yang Guohao</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Wu Bin</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Wei Keliang</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,700.61 km<sup>2</sup> (656.61 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,700.61 km<sup>2</sup> (656.61 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,290.84 km<sup>2</sup> (1,656.70 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,163,970</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,000/km<sup>2</sup> (7,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,866,555</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,300/km<sup>2</sup> (5,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,163,970</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Major <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">nationalities</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>: 96%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a>: 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>: 2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongolian</a>: 0.3%</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 806.6 billion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 114.5 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 151,697<br />US$ 21,527</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">361000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">592</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-FJ-02</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">闽D</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> (majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Xiamen</a> <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> (island)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115003057/http://www.xm.gov.cn/">www.xm.gov.cn</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Xiamen</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/100px-Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/150px-Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/200px-Xiamen_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="311" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Xiamen" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">厦门</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">廈門</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ē-mn̂g <i>or</i> Ē͘-mûi</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Amoy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Mansion Gate"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Xiàmén</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo" style="font-style: normal;">ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄣˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Hsia<sup>4</sup>-men<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Siàmén</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ɕjâ.mə̌n]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f6\/Xiamen_pronunciation.ogg\/Xiamen_pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Xiamen pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f6/Xiamen_pronunciation.ogg/Xiamen_pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Xiamen pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a><br />Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Gho<sup>3</sup>-men<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Gan_Chinese" title="Gan Chinese">Gan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Romanization</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Gan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="gan-Latn">Ha<sup>5</sup>-mun<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka" title="Guangdong Romanization">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Hà-mûn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Haah-mùhn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">haa6 mun4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[ha˨ mun˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Ē-mn̂g <i>or</i> Ē͘-mûi</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Ē-mn̂g <i>or</i> Ēe-muî</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Â-muòng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Xiamen</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> historically romanized as <b>Amoy</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, beside the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a>. It is divided into six <a href="/wiki/District_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of the People's Republic of China">districts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District">Haicang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an">Xiang'an</a>. All together, these cover an area of 1,700.61 square kilometers (656.61 sq mi) with a population of 5,163,970 as of <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020</a> and estimated at 5.308 million as of 31 December 2022. The <a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">urbanized</a> area of the city has spread from its original island to include most parts of all six of its <a href="/wiki/District_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of the People's Republic of China">districts</a>, as well as 4 <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a> districts (<a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Zhangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou">Xiangcheng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longwen">Longwen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai District">Longhai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Changtai" class="mw-redirect" title="Changtai">Changtai</a>), which form a built-up area of 7,284,148 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area also connects with <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> in the north, making up a metropolis of nearly ten million people.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> Islands (Quemoy) administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a> lie less than 6 kilometers (4 mi) away separated by <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Bay" title="Xiamen Bay">Xiamen Bay</a>. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Opening_Up_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening Up Policy">Opening Up Policy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>, Xiamen became one of China's original four <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">special economic zones</a> opened to foreign investment and trade in the early 1980s. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> possessed a major international seaport. The port of Xiamen is a well-developed first-class trunk line port in the Asia-Pacific region. It is ranked the 7th-largest container port in China and ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">14th in the world</a>. It is the 4th port in China with the capacity to handle 6th-generation large <a href="/wiki/Container_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Container ships">container ships</a>. On 31 August 2010, Xiamen Port incorporated the neighboring port of <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a> to form the largest port of China's Southeast. Ever since the 12th century, Xiamen was also an important origin for many migrants to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> used to support Xiamen's educational and cultural institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xiamen is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Fujian" title="List of universities and colleges in Fujian">several major universities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a>, one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">China's most prestigious universities</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First Class Universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huaqiao_University" title="Huaqiao University">Huaqiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimei_University" title="Jimei University">Jimei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University_of_Technology" title="Xiamen University of Technology">Xiamen University of Technology</a> and Xiamen Medical College.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Names"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen had always been known as <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> County since antiquity until <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> Era of the 20th century, followed by administrative zoning restructures and naming changes. </p><p><b>Tong'an</b> County first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> records. <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> was described as <b>Jiahe Islet</b> of Tong'an County during the Song dynasty (960–1279). It received its present name from the Xiamen Defense Castle erected on the island by Zhou Dexing in 1387 during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> to meet the needs of coastal defense.<sup id="cite_ref-zgddc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zgddc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was formerly written using, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">下門</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Lower Gate', and then changed into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">廈門</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Mansion Gate' or "Gate of China". </p><p>After the fall of the Ming dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Zheng Chenggong</a>, or Koxinga, a Ming loyalist and general, occupied Xiamen island as an anti-<a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> base. In 1650, the seventh year of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi</a> of the Qing dynasty, Zheng set a military base in Xiamen island and changed its name into <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">思明州</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Sīmíng zhōu</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Su-bêng chiu</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Think <a href="/wiki/Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming">Ming</a> (dynasty) Prefecture', meaning "Remembering the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When its port prospered under the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>, especially during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Emperor Kangxi</a>, the island's name was changed to <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">廈門</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiàmén</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Ē-mn̂g / Ē͘-mûi</span></i> again. </p><p>The island's name of 思明 was in return restored after the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a> that inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(mainland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (mainland)">republic</a> in 1912.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The island's name of 廈門 was restored in 1933, along with Xiamen being administratively planned as a city, the first of its kind in Fujian province. <a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">思明</a> continues to be used as the name of one of its districts.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Xiamen is the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese tones">atonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanization</a> of the characters' pronunciation in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Mandarin">Mandarin</a>. It has also been romanized as <b>Hiamen</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The older English name "Amoy" was based on the same name's pronunciation in the <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hokkien_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien language">Hokkien</a>, <i>Ē͘-mûi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Bay" title="Xiamen Bay">Xiamen Bay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG/220px-Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG/330px-Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG/440px-Aerial_photography_Xiamen_Island.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a>, looking south. The <a href="/wiki/Gaoji_Causeway" title="Gaoji Causeway">Gaoji Causeway</a> lies at the bottom and the old Yundang Harbor—now an inclosed lake—lies to the right. The <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> Islands, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan) can be seen in the upper half of the photograph.</figcaption></figure> <p>Xiamen is a <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> whose urban core grew up from the port of Xiamen on southern <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a>, now located within <a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a>. It now also includes <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu Island</a> and the rugged coast of the mainland from the northeast bank of the <a href="/wiki/Jiulong_River" title="Jiulong River">Jiulong River</a> in the west to the islands of <a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an">Xiang'an</a> in the east. Xiamen Island lies about one degree north of the <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer" title="Tropic of Cancer">Tropic of Cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cancer_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancer-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is divided between <a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli District</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a> in the south. Siming also includes Gulangyu. Its mainland territory is divided among <a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District">Haicang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an District">Xiang'an</a> districts. </p><p>In the 19th century, Xiamen's harbor on Yundang Bay was considered one of the world's great natural harbors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">Land reclamation</a> has since been used to fill in the mouth of this inlet, turning it into Siming District's Yundang Lake. The municipal government is located on other reclaimed land beside it. </p><p>The nearest point of <a href="/wiki/Lieyu" title="Lieyu">Liehyu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> Islands, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan), lies only 6 kilometers (4 mi) off Xiamen Island.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen Island is the fourth largest island in Fujian province. It became a peninsula after the completion of the seawall in 1955. Xiamen waters include Xiamen Port, Outer Harbor Area, Maluan Bay, Tongan Bay, Jiulong River's estuary area and the waterway on the east side. Outside the Xiamen Port, Big Kinmen, Little Kinmen, Dadan, Erdan and other island are arranged in a horizontal line. Inside, it has Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Island and other island barriers, making it a good natural port protected from storms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfa</i>), characterised by long, hot and humid summers (but moderate compared to much of the rest of the province) and short, mild and dry winters. The warmest month is July, with a 24-hour average of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F), and the coolest month is January, averaging 13.1 °C (55.6 °F); the annual mean is 21.1 °C (70.0 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from 0.1 °C (32 °F) on <a href="/wiki/January_2016_East_Asia_cold_wave" title="January 2016 East Asia cold wave">24 January 2016</a> to 39.6 °C (103 °F) on 9 August 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spring, both by humidity and percentage of sunshine, is the dampest season but typhoons in late summer and early autumn can make the latter period wetter overall. Summer and autumn are marked by comparatively sunny conditions, while autumn is warm and dry. The annual rainfall is 1,301 millimeters (51 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 29% in March to 58% in July, the city receives 1,893 hours of bright sunshine annually. Frost occurs very rarely, and the last snowfall in the city took place in January 1893, when snow also fell at <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, Macau, in the inland parts of Hong Kong and in the hills of <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>. </p><p>The area is known within China for its relatively low pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Xiamen (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(1.65) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.2<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.5<br />(3.88) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.1<br />(4.73) </td> <td style="background: #00FF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.0<br />(6.73) </td> <td style="background: #00C500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">203.2<br />(8.00) </td> <td style="background: #3CFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.5<br />(5.14) </td> <td style="background: #00BC00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">215.6<br />(8.49) </td> <td style="background: #43FF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.7<br />(4.79) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br />(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(1.44) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #5AFF5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,301.2<br />(51.22) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">121.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.0 </td> <td style="background: #B4B468; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.5 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.0 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.6 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">137.1 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.3 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.3 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.5 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,893 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_old_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA_old-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all-time extreme temperature<sup id="cite_ref-Mherrera_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mherrera-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of Xiamen was largely bypassed by the <a href="/wiki/Qin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Qin Empire">Qin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Han_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Empire">Han</a> conquests and colonization of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, which passed west of Fujian down the <a href="/wiki/Lingqu_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingqu Canal">Lingqu Canal</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Xiang_River" title="Xiang River">Xiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Li_River_(Guangxi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li River (Guangxi)">Li</a> <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of China">rivers</a>. It was first organized as <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an County">Tong'an County</a> in AD<span class="nowrap"> </span>282 under the <a href="/wiki/Jin_Dynasty_(265-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Dynasty (265-420)">Jin</a>, but it lost this status soon afterwards. Tong'an County was again established in 933 under the <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Tang dynasty">Later Tang</a>. </p><p>The settlement on the southeastern shore of Xiamen Island<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a>) developed as a seaport under the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a>, although legal foreign trade was restricted to nearby <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>, which administered the area. In 1387, attacks by the <a href="/wiki/Wokou" title="Wokou">"Japanese" or "dwarf" pirates</a>—many of them actually disaffected Chinese—prompted the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> to protect the harbor with the fortress that gave Xiamen its name. The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> first reached Xiamen in 1541. After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Ming" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of the Ming">fall of the Ming</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> in 1644, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> loyalists including <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a> used Xiamen as a base from which to launch attacks against the invading Qing-aligned Han <a href="/wiki/Eight_Banners" title="Eight Banners">Bannermen</a> from 1650 to 1660.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1661, Koxinga drove the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">moved his operations there</a>. His base on Xiamen fell to a combined Qing and Dutch invasion in 1663.<sup id="cite_ref-ohwell_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohwell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> traded extensively with the port, constructing a <a href="/wiki/Trading_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading factory">factory</a> there in 1678.<sup id="cite_ref-ohwell_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohwell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was raised to the status of a <a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">subprefecture</a> in 1680,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but the taxes and other restrictions placed on traders compelled the British to relocate to Canton and <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-ohwell_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohwell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trade resumed in 1685<sup id="cite_ref-backagain_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backagain-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued until the imposition of the <a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a>. However, despite the Canton system which restricted Western trade to the port of Guangzhou, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Spanish</a> were still allowed to trade in Xiamen. However, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Filipino">Spanish</a> rarely used this privilege as Chinese traders would ship their goods from Xiamen to <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> and vice versa, which was more profitable for both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese city walls">city walls</a> had a circumference of around 9 miles (14 km), with an inner and outer city divided by an inner wall and a ridge of hills surmounted by a well-built fort.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner harbor on Yundang Bay was also well fortified<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these defenses were further strengthened upon the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-backagain_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backagain-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, Xiamen <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amoy" title="Battle of Amoy">was captured</a> in 1841 between <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canton_(May_1841)" title="Battle of Canton (May 1841)">Guangzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Chusan_(1841)" title="Capture of Chusan (1841)">Zhoushan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Parker,_1st_Baronet,_of_Shenstone" title="Sir William Parker, 1st Baronet, of Shenstone">Rear Adm. Parker</a> bombarded the Qing position to little effect, but the assault by the men under <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gough,_1st_Viscount_Gough" title="Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough">Lt. Gen. Gough</a> caused the Chinese to flee their positions without a fight.<sup id="cite_ref-backagain_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-backagain-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage194mode2up_173_ff]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage194mode2up_173_ff]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was abandoned during the night<sup id="cite_ref-poof_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poof-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fell the next day on 27 August.<sup id="cite_ref-dammit_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dammit-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese had spirited out the entire treasury of <a href="/wiki/Sycee" title="Sycee">sycee</a> bullion under the nose of the British by disguising it inside hollow logs.<sup id="cite_ref-poof_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poof-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xiamen being too large to garrison, a small force was left to hold Gulangyu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage200mode2up_176]_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage200mode2up_176]-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next year, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nanjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Nanjing">Treaty of Nanjing</a> made Xiamen one of the first five <a href="/wiki/Treaty_ports" title="Treaty ports">ports opened to British trade</a>, which had previously been legally restricted to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>. Subsequent treaties opened the port to other international powers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the primary international port for Fujian, particularly <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a> and its hinterland,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xiamen became a center of China's <a href="/wiki/History_of_tea#Global_expansion" title="History of tea">tea trade</a>, with hundreds of thousands of tons shipped yearly to Europe and the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-4thnot1st_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4thnot1st-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Its local dialect</a> influenced <a href="#Dialect">a variety of translations of Chinese terms</a>. Its principal exports during the period were tea, porcelain, and paper;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it imported sugar, rice, cotton, and opium, as well as some manufactured goods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xiamen was also a center of <a href="/wiki/Protestant_missions_in_China" title="Protestant missions in China">Protestant missionaries in China</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-lies_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the missions operated the city's two hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-thatsnice_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thatsnice-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The merchants of Xiamen were thought among the richest and most entrepreneurial<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and industrious<sup id="cite_ref-bees_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bees-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in China, but the city was widely accounted the dirtiest city in China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thatsnice_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thatsnice-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to local belief in <a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">feng shui</a>, the streets were "as crooked as ram's horns"<sup id="cite_ref-thatsnice_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thatsnice-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and averaged about 4 feet (1 m) in width to keep out sunlight and control public disturbances.<sup id="cite_ref-vamps_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vamps-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its population was estimated at 250,000 in the 1870s;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by that point the island was largely barren and full of roughly 140 villages, with a total population around 400,000.<sup id="cite_ref-barren_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barren-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European settlement in the port was concentrated on <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu Island</a> off Xiamen proper; it remains known for its colonial architecture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._(E).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The first flag in the second row was a flag of Amoy as recorded in a map published in 1787"><img alt="The first flag in the second row was a flag of Amoy as recorded in a map published in 1787" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG/200px-Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG/300px-Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG/400px-Thomas_Kitchin._Composite_Europe._1787._%28E%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="319" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first flag in the second row was a flag of Amoy as recorded in a map published in 1787</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amoy (Xiamen) and Kolang-soo (Gulangyu) in 1844[27]"><img alt="Amoy (Xiamen) and Kolang-soo (Gulangyu) in 1844[27]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg/200px-Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg/300px-Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg/400px-Amoy_%26_Kolang-soo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="1881" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amoy (Xiamen) and <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Kolang-soo</a> (Gulangyu) in 1844<sup id="cite_ref-poof_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poof-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amoy (Xiamen) Town and Harbor from Kalangsu (Gulangyu) in 1874."><img alt="Amoy (Xiamen) Town and Harbor from Kalangsu (Gulangyu) in 1874." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg/200px-Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg/300px-Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg/400px-Amoy_town_and_harbour_seen_from_Kalangsu_Wellcome_L0034288.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3918" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amoy (Xiamen) Town and Harbor from <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Kalangsu</a> (Gulangyu) in 1874.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong,_c1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lai Afong's c. 1870 photograph of Amoy (Xiamen) from Koolansoo (Gulangyu)."><img alt="Lai Afong's c. 1870 photograph of Amoy (Xiamen) from Koolansoo (Gulangyu)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg/200px-Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg/300px-Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg/400px-Island_of_Koolansoo_and_Amoy_by_Lai_Afong%2C_c1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4116" data-file-height="1438" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lai_Afong" title="Lai Afong">Lai Afong</a>'s <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span> photograph of Amoy (Xiamen) from <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Koolansoo</a> (Gulangyu).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulishan_cannon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Krupp gun at the Hulishan Battery, installed to protect Xiamen during the late Qing era."><img alt="A Krupp gun at the Hulishan Battery, installed to protect Xiamen during the late Qing era." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hulishan_cannon.jpg/200px-Hulishan_cannon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hulishan_cannon.jpg/300px-Hulishan_cannon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Hulishan_cannon.jpg/400px-Hulishan_cannon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a> gun at the Hulishan Battery, installed to protect Xiamen during the late Qing era.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hsia-men (Xiamen) and Ku-lang Hsü (Gulangyu) in a 1945 American map."><img alt="Hsia-men (Xiamen) and Ku-lang Hsü (Gulangyu) in a 1945 American map." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg/168px-Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg/251px-Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg/335px-Amoy_1946_AMS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4339" data-file-height="5177" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hsia-men (Xiamen) and <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Ku-lang Hsü</a> (Gulangyu) in a 1945 American map.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large characters saying "One Country, Two Systems" and "Reunify China" on Xiamen Island's west coast, facing the nearby Kinmen Islands, Republic of China (Taiwan). Similar propaganda on Kinmen face Xiamen, reading "Three Principles of the People Unite China"."><img alt="Large characters saying "One Country, Two Systems" and "Reunify China" on Xiamen Island's west coast, facing the nearby Kinmen Islands, Republic of China (Taiwan). Similar propaganda on Kinmen face Xiamen, reading "Three Principles of the People Unite China"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg/200px-Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg/300px-Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg/400px-Xiamen_%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%A4%E5%88%B6%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_20170725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Large-character_poster" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-character poster">Large characters</a> saying "One Country, Two Systems" and "Reunify China" on Xiamen Island's west coast, facing the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> Islands, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan). Similar propaganda on Kinmen face Xiamen, reading "<a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a> Unite China".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulangyu-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gulangyu (foreground) and Xiamen (background)."><img alt="Gulangyu (foreground) and Xiamen (background)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gulangyu-2.jpg/200px-Gulangyu-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gulangyu-2.jpg/300px-Gulangyu-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Gulangyu-2.jpg/400px-Gulangyu-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu</a> <i>(foreground)</i> and <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen</a> <i>(background)</i>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DV239_Amoy_(Xiamen),_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A scene in Amoy painted by a passing traveler in 1899"><img alt="A scene in Amoy painted by a passing traveler in 1899" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg/121px-DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg/181px-DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg/242px-DV239_Amoy_%28Xiamen%29%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A scene in Amoy painted by a passing traveler in 1899</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xiamen's paifang c. 1843[37]"><img alt="Xiamen's paifang c. 1843[37]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg/200px-Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg/300px-Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg/400px-Entrance_to_Amoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Xiamen's <a href="/wiki/Paifang" title="Paifang">paifang</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1843</span><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson,_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 1869 stereogram of laborers in Xiamen. The first coolies left Xiamen for Havana in 1847"><img alt="An 1869 stereogram of laborers in Xiamen. The first coolies left Xiamen for Havana in 1847" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg/200px-Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg/300px-Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg/400px-Amoy_labourers._Photograph_by_John_Thomson%2C_1869._Wellcome_L0056063.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5950" data-file-height="3121" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> An 1869 <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">stereogram</a> of laborers in Xiamen. The first <a href="/wiki/Coolie" title="Coolie">coolies</a> left Xiamen for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cubans" title="Chinese Cubans">Havana</a> in 1847</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Plan of the Country around Amoy", 1870[38]"><img alt=""Plan of the Country around Amoy", 1870[38]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg/200px-Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg/300px-Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg/400px-Album_of_Hongkong_Canton_Macao_Amoy_Foochow_050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1287" data-file-height="1219" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> "Plan of the Country around Amoy", 1870<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses,_Amoy,_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A stereogram of houses in Xiamen c. 1870"><img alt="A stereogram of houses in Xiamen c. 1870" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg/200px-View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg/300px-View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg/400px-View_of_the_rooftops_of_houses%2C_Amoy%2C_China_Wellcome_L0056009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5950" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> A <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">stereogram</a> of houses in Xiamen <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_Putuo_Monastery,_Xiamen_(Amoy),_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanputuo Temple c. 1870[39]"><img alt="Nanputuo Temple c. 1870[39]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg/159px-Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg/238px-Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg/318px-Southern_Putuo_Monastery%2C_Xiamen_%28Amoy%29%2C_Fukien_province_Wellcome_L0055717.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3733" data-file-height="4700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Nanputuo_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanputuo Temple">Nanputuo Temple</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1870</span><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amoy_Island.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1915 map of the "Environs of Amoy",[40] showing the city and island before the massive land reclamation projects of the 20th century."><img alt="A 1915 map of the "Environs of Amoy",[40] showing the city and island before the massive land reclamation projects of the 20th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Amoy_Island.png/200px-Amoy_Island.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Amoy_Island.png/300px-Amoy_Island.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Amoy_Island.png/400px-Amoy_Island.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1915 map of the "Environs of Amoy",<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing the city and island before the massive land reclamation projects of the 20th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yundang_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Siming District, looking north from the southern shore of Yundang Lake"><img alt="Siming District, looking north from the southern shore of Yundang Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yundang_Lake.jpg/200px-Yundang_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yundang_Lake.jpg/300px-Yundang_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Yundang_Lake.jpg/400px-Yundang_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a>, looking north from the southern shore of Yundang Lake</div> </li> </ul> <p>By the 20th century, the local export economy had collapsed due to the success of British tea plantations in India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> and the early 20th century, many southern Fujianese emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, etc., spreading <a href="/wiki/Hokkien_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien language">Hokkien language</a> and culture <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas</a>. Some 350,000 overseas Chinese currently trace their ancestry to Xiamen.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of this diaspora later returned: an estimated 220,000 Xiamen residents are returning overseas Chinese and their kin.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others continue to help fund universities and cultural institutions in Xiamen. </p><p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Xinhai_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhai Revolution">Xinhai Revolution</a>, the native population of the city was estimated at 300,000 and the foreign settlement at 280.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(mainland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (mainland)">Republic of China</a>, the area around Xiamen was renamed <a href="/wiki/Siming_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming County">Siming County</a>. Xiamen's trade during the period was largely conducted through <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Taiwan">Taiwan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been seized by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>. The Japanese subsequently claimed Fujian as their <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> during the colonial squabbling over China.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japan occupied Xiamen Island from May 1938 to September 1945 during <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">World War II</a>. During the Japanese occupation, the city provided some shipments of rice to the Portuguese Colony of <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late phases of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> that followed, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Communists</a> captured Xiamen and Gulangyu in October 1949 but <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guningtou" title="Battle of Guningtou">failed to capture Kinmen</a>. The same year, Xiamen became a provincially administered city (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">省辖市</span></span>). </p><p>In 1955 and 1958, mainland China escalated <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> political tensions by shelling nearby islands from Xiamen in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a>. The Nationalists responded by reinforcing Kinmen and shelling Xiamen. The <a href="/wiki/Gaoji_Causeway" title="Gaoji Causeway">Gaoji Causeway</a> built from 1955 to 1957 notionally transformed Xiamen Island into a peninsula, and so it was termed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">heady propaganda</a> of the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Due to political tensions, the eastern half of Xiamen Island and much of the Fujian Coast facing the offshore islands remained undeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Water Police and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-Office (page does not exist)">Post-Office</a> were situated directly across the water from the American embassy. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> initiated his <a href="/wiki/Opening_Up_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Opening Up Policy">Opening Up Policy</a>, Xiamen was made one of the <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">first four special economic zones</a> in 1980, with special investment and trade regulations attracting <a href="/wiki/Direct_foreign_investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct foreign investment">foreign investment</a>, particularly from overseas Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction of Huli Export Processing Zone in <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Xiamen Special Economic Zone">Xiamen Special Economic</a> Zone was officially started on 15 October 1981. In 1984, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Xiamen Special Economic Zone">Xiamen Special Economic</a> Zone was expanded from an area of 2.5 square kilometers of Huli to 131 square kilometers of the whole island. The city grew and prospered. In June 2010, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Xiamen Special Economic Zone">Xiamen Special Economic Zone</a> was expanded to the whole Xiamen city, and four districts outside Xiamen Island – including Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang'an – were included into the zone. After this expansion, the area of <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Xiamen Special Economic Zone">Xiamen Special Economic Zone</a> reached 1,573 square kilometers, 11 times larger than before. </p><p>Answering the call of the Belt and Road Initiative, Xiamen has focused on dealing with international competition with a more confident attitude and to facilitate the construction of the important hub city of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2001, the governments of mainland China and Taiwan agreed to initiate the "<a href="/wiki/Three_Links#Limited_liberalization" title="Three Links">Three Mini-Links</a>" and restored ferry, commercial, and mail links between the mainland and offshore islands. Trade and travel between Xiamen and Kinmen was restored and later expanded to include direct air travel to <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan Island">Taiwan Island</a>. In 2010, travelers between Xiamen and Kinmen made 1.31 million trips.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Xiamen was ranked as China's 2nd-"most suitable city for living",<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as China's "most romantic leisure city" in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large number of the populace are migrants. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2020 Census</a>, Xiamen has a population of 5,163,970 inhabitants. According to the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2010 Census</a>, Xiamen has a population of 3,531,347 inhabitants, almost 1.8 times the population counted for the last census in 2000 (which was of 2,053,070 inhabitants). The annual average population growth was of 5.57% for the period 2000–2010.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This masks the population explosion in <a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei District</a>, however, which quadrupled since the prior census; <a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli District</a>'s population more than doubled.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resident population was 1,967,800 in 2013 yearend, and with a population of 3.73 million (those residing at least half a year).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total resident population is said to be 4,255,000 in December 2014, without specifying what counts as a resident.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 2022, the resident population of Xiamen has reached 5.308 million, the majority being Han people. There are also some ethnic minorities such as She and Hui.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Dialect"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with all of China, the official language is Mandarin. Migrants of non-Hokkien ancestry usually speak Mandarin and/or their inherent tongues. </p><p>The indigenous language is <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, a subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an dialect</a> being the most populous and prevalent. The <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen dialect">Xiamen dialect</a> is mostly defined to the southwest quarter of Xiamen Island, while the <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou dialect</a> is spoken in a section of Haicang District. </p><p>The English words "Amoy", "tea" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:茶">茶</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">tê</span></i>), "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cumshaw" class="extiw" title="wikt:cumshaw">cumshaw</a>" (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D" class="extiw" title="wikt:感謝">感謝</a></span>; <i><span lang="nan-Latn">kám-siā</span></i>), "<a href="/wiki/Orange_pekoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange pekoe">pekoe</a>" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%AF%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:白毫">白毫</a></span>; <i><span lang="nan-Latn">pe̍h-hô</span></i>), <a href="/wiki/Kowtow" title="Kowtow">kowtow</a> (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A3%95%E9%A0%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:磕頭">磕頭</a></span>; <i><span lang="nan-Latn">khàu-thâu</span></i>), and "<a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>" (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AE%AD%E6%B1%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:鮭汁">鮭汁</a></span>; <i><span lang="nan-Latn">koê-chiap</span></i>) are derived from the local Hokkien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first evidence of organised religion existed in the area was dated to Sui dynasty when Buddhism was first spread to Tong'an region and spread to Xiamen Island during Tang dynasty. In the 19th century, Xiamen proper had two <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two <a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">LMS</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-lies_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xiamen Island was home to three <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">missions</a> at "Kang-thau", "Kio-than", and "Chhan-chhu-oa".<sup id="cite_ref-barren_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barren-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is a <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Fujian with direct jurisdiction over 6 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Map </th> <th>Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified Chinese</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> </th> <th>Population<br /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Seventh_National_Population_Census_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China">2020 census</a>)</span> </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" rowspan="6"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png/450px-Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="473" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png/675px-Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png/900px-Administrative_Division_Xiamen.png 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="2440" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:192px; top:340px"><a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District"><b>Huli</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186px; top:388px"><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District"><b>Siming</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:78px; top:352px"><a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District"><b>Haicang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:108px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District"><b>Jimei</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:162px; top:136px"><a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District"><b>Tong'an</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:306px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an District"><b>Xiang'an</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:335.75px"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Dadeng_Subdistrict" title="Dadeng Subdistrict">Dadeng Xiaodeng Jiaoyu</a></span><br /><span style="font-size: smaller"><b>Note: PRC-controlled <br /> Dadeng, Xiaodeng & Jiaoyu <br /> are claimed as part of <br /> the ROC's <a href="/wiki/Kinmen_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinmen County">Kinmen County</a>.</b></span></div> </div> </div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">湖里区</span></span> </td> <td>Húlǐ Qū </td> <td>1,036,974 </td> <td>73.98 </td> <td>14,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">思明区</span></span> </td> <td>Sīmíng Qū </td> <td>1,073,315 </td> <td>84.00 </td> <td>12,778 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District">Haicang</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">海沧区</span></span> </td> <td>Hǎicāng Qū </td> <td>582,519 </td> <td>186.82 </td> <td>3,118 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">集美区</span></span> </td> <td>Jíměi Qū </td> <td>1,036,987 </td> <td>274.30 </td> <td>3,780 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">同安区</span></span> </td> <td>Tóng'ān Qū </td> <td>855,920 </td> <td>669.36 </td> <td>1,279 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an District">Xiang'an</a> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">翔安区</span></span> </td> <td>Xiáng'ān Qū </td> <td>578,255 </td> <td>412.15 </td> <td>1,403 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In May 2003, <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiyuan District">Kaiyuan</a> districts were merged into Siming District; Xinglin District (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">杏林区</span></span>) was merged into Jimei District; and Xiang'an District was created out of a section of Tong'an District. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Xiamen Island"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg/1300px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="1300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg/1950px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg/2600px-An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="845" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:An_overall_view_of_Xiamen_Island.jpg" title="File:An overall view of Xiamen Island.jpg"> </a></div>View of Xiamen Island</div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG/170px-Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG/255px-Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG/340px-Xiamen_International_Bank_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_International_Bank" title="Xiamen International Bank">Xiamen International Bank</a> Building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG/170px-Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG/255px-Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG/340px-Xiamen_CCB_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/China_Construction_Bank" title="China Construction Bank">China Construction Bank</a> Building, Xiamen</figcaption></figure> <p>Xiamen has a diverse and well-developed economy. It is the first to refer to the business environment indexes of the World Bank with the aim of creating world's first-rated business environment.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, its business environment ranked 2nd among 22 cities across the country that was evaluated by the National Development and Reform Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its measures in areas such as dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, and trading across borders take the lead in the country. </p><p>Its social credit system has been improved. In 2018, its overall credit index ranked 2nd among 36 provincial capitals and sub-provincial cities and above. </p><p>The Siming and Huli districts form its <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zone</a>. </p><p>Xiamen focuses on the development of five major industries – electronic information, equipment manufacturing, tourism and culture, modern logistics, and financial services. </p><p>Xiamen's GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 15.4 percent since China's reform and opening-up four decades ago. In 2018, per capita GDP: 118,015 yuan ($17,105); per capita disposable income: 50,948 yuan; public financial budget revenue: 128.3 billion yuan; 1,626 hi-tech enterprises, accounting for 44 percent of the total number of Fujian province; 600.5 billion yuan of total foreign trade value; degree of dependence on foreign trade has reached 125 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of 2018, Xiamen brought in a total of 14,818 foreign-invested projects; contractual foreign investments: $66 billion, actual foreign investments: $37.9 billion; 62 overseas Fortune 500 companies invested in 112 projects in Xiamen.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen is also the host of the <a href="/wiki/China_International_Fair_for_Investment_and_Trade" title="China International Fair for Investment and Trade">China International Fair for Investment and Trade</a> held annually in early September to attract foreign direct investment into the Chinese mainland. </p><p>Xiamen also hold <a href="/wiki/Straits_Forum" title="Straits Forum">Straits Forum</a> annually. The 2019 edition kicked off in the coastal city from 15 to 21 June. More than 10,000 people attended the annual forum this year. </p><p>In 2023 forecast by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Government (page does not exist)">city government</a>, Xiamen is aiming for 25,000 of GDP per capita measured by USD.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_services">Financial services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Financial services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has highly developed banking services. The biggest bank is the state-owned commercial bank, Sino-foreign joint venture <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_International_Bank" title="Xiamen International Bank">Xiamen International Bank</a>, solely foreign-funded <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Bank (page does not exist)">Xiamen Bank</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Rural_Commercial_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Rural Commercial Bank (page does not exist)">Xiamen Rural Commercial Bank</a>. </p><p>Various foreign banks that have established representative offices in Xiamen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_zones">Development zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Development zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Haicang Investment Zone</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">廈門海滄台商資區区</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is situated to the southeast of Xiamen Island, at the tip of the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Delta in South Fujian bordering Zhangzhou City to the west, Jimei District to the north, and overlooking Xiamen Island across the narrow water. The 100-square-kilometer Haicang Investment Zone is the largest national investment zone for Taiwan business people authorized by the State Council in 1989. It is situated close to Xiamen Port.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The zone aims at becoming a new port area, a new industrial area and a sub-center of greater Xiamen in the 21st century. It is divided into the following four functional areas in line with its overall plan: Haicang Port Area, Xinyang Industrial Area, Southern Industrial Area and Haicang New Urban Area. </p><p><b>Xiamen Area of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">福建自贸试验区厦门片区管委会</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located in the northwest part of Xiamen, within the area of Dongdu port. Near No 319 national road and Yingxia railway, it is connected with Gaoqi International Airport. On 15 October 1992, the State Council approved establishment of the zone with an area of 5 square kilometers; the first phase covers 0.63 square kilometers and was put into operation on 28 November 1993. It is the most modern international logistics zone in the southeast part of China. </p><p><b>Xiamen Torch Development Zone for High Technology Industries</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">厦门火炬高新区管委会</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was jointly established by the former State Scientific and Technological Commission and the Xiamen municipal government in 1990 and has gradually developed into "one zone with multi parks". A favorable investment environment and high returns has made the zone into a hot spot for foreign investment. Bourns Inc. of the United States concluded the zone the most ideal target for foreign investors in China. Some of the world's top 500 companies such as Dell, ABB Switch, ABB Low-Voltage, ABB High-Voltage, Panasonic, FDK, Xiamen Tungaloy, and Fujitsu are rapidly expanding their operations in Xiamen. The zone is oriented towards information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, oceanology, advanced manufacturing, and environment technology. Most of its exports go to countries and areas such as the US, Japan, Southeast Asia, West Europe, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Hi-tech exports include computers, color monitors, microscopes, power supply units, integrated circuits, stepping motors, wireless telephones, switching equipment, tungsten carbide micro-drills, and similar products. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_industries">Key industries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Key industries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Panel_display_industry">Panel display industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Panel display industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is one of China's regions with rapid development of the TFT liquid crystal display (LCD) industry. Its industrial scale ranks sixth in the country and is the only pilot city with a national optoelectronic display industrial cluster. The city also has the largest R&D and production base of touch screen modules in the world. Xiamen's panel display industry reached an output value of 131.5 billion yuan in 2018, forming a complete industrial chain layout. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Computer_and_communication_equipment_industry">Computer and communication equipment industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Computer and communication equipment industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has gathered integrated manufacturing enterprises in such fields as complete computers, mobile phones, mobile phone lenses, micro motors, flexible circuit boards, bluetooth and wireless access equipment, and positioning and navigation sensors, as well assupporting enterprises of basic components, accessories, external equipment and IT services. The complete machine brand has global influence. The industry reached an output value of 120.4 billion yuan ($17.68 billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Semiconductor_and_integrated_circuits_industry">Semiconductor and integrated circuits industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Semiconductor and integrated circuits industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is home to more than 200 integrated circuit (IC) enterprises which form an industrial chain covering IC design, manufacturing, testing, equipment and materials as well as applications. Xiamen's IC industry reached an output value of 41.7 billion yuan ($6.11 billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base, Xiamen Science and Technology Innovation Park, Xiamen Haicang Information Industrial Park, and Xiamen IC Strait Free Trade Zone Industrial Base. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Software_and_information_services_industry">Software and information services industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Software and information services industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The software and information services industry in Xiamen covers various fields including the platform economy, industrial application software, animation and games and cloud computing and information security. The city has won the title of "China's Characteristic City in Software". The industrial output value of Xiamen's software and information services industry in 2018 reached 149.3 billion yuan ($21.78 billion), with Xiamen Software Park accounting for 67 percent of that figure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Machinery_and_equipment_industry">Machinery and equipment industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Machinery and equipment industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen's machinery and equipment industry covers five industrial sectors – large and medium-sized passenger cars, power transmission and distribution equipment, aviation maintenance, engineering machinery and shipbuilding, with an output value of 103.7 billion yuan ($15.13 billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Machinery industry concentration area, Xiamen Torch Power Transmission and Distribution Industry Base, Xiamen Haicang Ship Industrial Zone, Xiamen Aviation Industrial Zone, and Xiamen Airport Industrial Zone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_materials_industry">New materials industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: New materials industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen's new materials industry is dominated by special metal materials and advanced polymer materials, including photoelectric information materials, new energy, energy saving and environmental protection materials, and advanced carbon nanomaterials. The industry reached an output value of 88.9 billion yuan ($12.95 billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include Xiamen Tongan Xiang'an Hi-tech Industrial Base and Xiamen Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (Xiang'an). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tourism_industry">Tourism industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tourism industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has been honored as the Top Tourist City in China, a Demonstration City of Tourism and Leisure in China and one of China's most romantic leisure cities. The holiday tourism popularity and tourist satisfaction in Xiamen has long been at the forefront in China,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and its inbound tourism and foreign exchange earnings have been ranked in China's top 10. The number of people going to Taiwan via Xiamen Port ranks first in China. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exhibition_industry">Exhibition industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Exhibition industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Xiamen held a total of 229 exhibitions, with a total exhibition area of 2.38 million square meters, up 8.6 percent year-on-year. The hotels and conference centers in the city hosted 9,262 commercial meetings with more than 50 people attending, up 12.1 percent year-on-year. The total number of participants from home and abroad to Xiamen reached 1.88 million, with a year-on-year increase of 12.1 percent. The total revenue of the exhibition industry in Xiamen reached 40.3 billion yuan ($5.86 billion). Industrial parks include Xiamen International Conference & Exhibition Center, Xiamen International Conference Center, Xiamen Fliport Conference & Exhibition Center, and Xiamen east sports exhibition area (under construction). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Culture_and_creativity_industry">Culture and creativity industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture and creativity industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has seen rapid development in creative design, the film industry and high-end artworks in recent years. The city was listed among the first National Culture Export Bases and is home to the world's third Red Dot Design Museum. Also, the Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival, one of the top events in China's film industry, is to be presented in Xiamen once every two years for the 10 years following 2019. The total revenue of Xiamen's culture and creativity industry reached 104 billion yuan ($15.13 billion) in 2018. Industrial parks include National demonstration base for the integration of culture and science and technology, National Fujian and Taiwan cultural industry experimental park, Longshan cultural and creative industrial park, Huli creative industrial park, Jimeiji film and television industrial park, Tongan cultural industrial park, and Cross-Straits architectural design cultural and creative park. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_logistics_industry">Modern logistics industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Modern logistics industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has been approved as a national modern logistics innovation and development city, a national cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone, a smart logistics city and a logistics standardization pilot zone, and a demonstration city for the standardization of <a href="/wiki/Cold_chain" title="Cold chain">cold chain</a> circulation of agricultural products. In 2018, the modern logistics industry in Xiamen achieved an output value of 118 billion yuan ($17.17 billion). And Xiamen port ranked 7th in China and 14th in the world in terms of container throughput. Xiamen has formed a freight hub integrating the southeast coastal area highways and railroads. There are five logistics industry agglomeration areas in Xiamen: Haicang and Dongdu port-surrounding areas, Qianchang, Tongan and Xiang'an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Financial_services_industry">Financial services industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Financial services industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, Xiamen's total revenue of financial services reached 152.9 billion yuan ($22.24 billion), and added value accumulated to 52.4 billion yuan. Industrial parks include Xiamen cross-Straits financial center and Xiamen Area of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bio-medicine_and_health_industry">Bio-medicine and health industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bio-medicine and health industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is a pilot city for the regional agglomeration of emerging industries in bio-medicine, with a total output value of 58.9 billion yuan ($8.56 billion) in 2018. A total of 241 State-level high-tech enterprises have settled in the city. Xiamen Biobay is the incubation center for local bio-medicine achievements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urban_modern_agriculture_industry">Urban modern agriculture industry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Urban modern agriculture industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Urban modern agriculture in Xiamen covers the planting industry, animal husbandry, agricultural and sideline products, the food processing industry, rural tourism and ecological leisure agriculture. In 2018, Xiamen's agricultural product processing developed steadily, with 44 leading agricultural industrialization enterprises generating sales revenue of 55.3 billion yuan ($8.05 billion). Industrial parks include Xiamen cross-Straits agricultural high-tech park, Xiamen Tongan National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Xiamen Tongan light industry food industrial park, Agricultural and sideline products logistics center of southern Fujian, and Leisure agriculture areas including Xiangshan, Damaoshan and Zhubawuxian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automotive">Automotive</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Automotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sanyang_Motor" title="Sanyang Motor">Sanyang Motor</a>'s subsidiary <b>Xiamen Xiashing Motorcycle Company, Limited</b> operates an <a href="/wiki/Original_design_manufacturer" title="Original design manufacturer">ODM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">Original equipment manufacturer</a> motorcycle parts manufacturing plant in Xiamen. The products are manufactured to support French-based <a href="/wiki/Peugeot_Motocycles" title="Peugeot Motocycles">Peugeot Motocycles</a> and Korean-based <a href="/wiki/SNT_Motiv" title="SNT Motiv">S&T</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_transportation">Local transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Local transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gaoji_Causeway" title="Gaoji Causeway">Gaoji Causeway</a>, five main road bridges (the Jimei, Xiamen, Xiang'an, Xinglin, and <a href="/wiki/Haicang_Bridge" title="Haicang Bridge">Haicang Bridges</a>), and two undersea tunnels (Xiang'an Tunnel and Haicang Tunnel) link <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> with the mainland. </p><p>The main forms of public transportation in Xiamen are buses, <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT), and the subway. Local people now can use <a href="/wiki/Alipay" title="Alipay">Alipay</a>, a mobile payment application by <a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a>, to pay for the city's bus, subway, and BRT.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taxis can be easily hailed in most areas of the city. Bicycles are commonly used by residents, especially on Xiamen Island. Unlike many Chinese cities, motorcycles, mopeds, tricycles, and wooden handcarts are not permitted in Xiamen Island (Siming and Huli). The city has upheld a ban on these vehicles since the 1990s. Electric bikes are permitted with proper licensing and obedience of traffic laws.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the small island of <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu</a> off Xiamen Island, automobiles are also banned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg/220px-2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg/330px-2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg/440px-2F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%9F1F%E3%82%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen North Railway Station">Xiamen North Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Xiamen is a railway hub city in southeast coast of China and has two stations, Xiamen Railway Station and Xiamen North Railway Station. Passengers can buy the tickets on <a href="/wiki/China_Railway" title="China Railway">www.12306.cn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen is served by the <a href="/wiki/Yingtan%E2%80%93Xiamen_railway" title="Yingtan–Xiamen railway">Yingtan–Xiamen railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou%E2%80%93Xiamen_railway" title="Fuzhou–Xiamen railway">Fuzhou–Xiamen railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longyan%E2%80%93Xiamen_railway" title="Longyan–Xiamen railway">Longyan–Xiamen railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Xiamen%E2%80%93Shenzhen_railway" title="Xiamen–Shenzhen railway">Xiamen–Shenzhen railway</a>, which are connected to <a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_lines_in_China" title="List of railway lines in China">China's national railway network</a> and make it possible for passengers to arrive in Shanghai in five hours, Shenzhen in three-hour, and Fuzhou in two hours, and the <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou%E2%80%93Xiamen_high-speed_railway" title="Fuzhou–Xiamen high-speed railway">Fuzhou–Xiamen high-speed railway</a> between Fuzhou and Xiamen was opened to traffic on 28 September 2023. Currently, an intercity rail transit connecting Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou are under plan.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen Railway Station">Xiamen Railway Station</a> on the island of Xiamen is connected to the mainland by a railway bridge. It is 10 km from <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport</a>, 23 km from <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_North_railway_station" title="Xiamen North railway station">Xiamen North railway station</a> and 7 km from <a href="/wiki/South_Putuo_Temple" title="South Putuo Temple">Nanputuo Temple</a>. First opened in 1957, it underwent major reconstruction and expansion in March 2014 and was put into service again on 4 February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen North Railway Station">Xiamen North Railway Station</a> is located in Jimei District. In operation since April 2010, the station is 13 kilometers from <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport</a> and 23 km from Xiamen Railway Station. The station operates bullet trains only. At present, its trains run to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a> and other cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The expressway networks of Xiamen and the mid-west area of Chinese mainland are connected seamlessly by Shenyang-Haikou Highway, Xiamen-Chengdu Highway, Xiamen-Shaxian Highway, and urban expressways.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridge">Bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haicang_Bridge,Puente_de_Haicang_(9172145021).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg/220px-Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg/330px-Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg/440px-Haicang_Bridge%2CPuente_de_Haicang_%289172145021%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Haicang_Bridge" title="Haicang Bridge">Haicang Bridge</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Bridge" title="Xiamen Bridge">Xiamen Bridge</a>, the first road bridge in China that crossed the straits, opened to public in 1991. Eight years later, <a href="/wiki/Haicang_Bridge" title="Haicang Bridge">Haicang Bridge</a> was opened to traffic, which made it Asia's first and world's second suspension bridge with floating rebar at the time. In 2008, Xiamen built <a href="/wiki/Jimei_Bridge" title="Jimei Bridge">Jimei Bridge</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinglin_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinglin Bridge (page does not exist)">Xinglin Bridge</a>. Moreover, there is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiang%27an_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiang'an Bridge (page does not exist)">Xiang'an Bridge</a>, was opened to traffic on 17 January 2023. Meanwhile, 14 roads for entry and exit at the north gate of Xiamen were added to the map. Moreover, there is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen%E2%80%93Kinmen_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen–Kinmen Bridge (page does not exist)">Xiamen–Kinmen Bridge</a>, scheduled to be opened to traffic in 2026, under construction. At present, Xiamen is working on a road system containing two inner and outer ring roads as well as eight supplementary roads.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submarine_tunnel">Submarine tunnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Submarine tunnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to bridges, tunnels also help Xiamen connect the inside and outside parts of the island. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiang%27an_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiang'an Tunnel (page does not exist)">Xiang'an Tunnel</a> is China's first submarine tunnel with large cross-section and is also the sixth route to access Xiamen Island. It was opened to traffic on 26 April 2010, with a total length of 8.695 km, of which the tunnel part covering 6.05 km connecting Xiaman Island and Xiang'an district. Moreover, there is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haicang_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haicang Tunnel (page does not exist)">Haicang Tunnel</a>, was opened to traffic on 17 June 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a total length of 7.102 km, of which the tunnel part covering 6.293 km. It set three interchange to connect Haicang and Huli districts. Moreover, there is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tong%27an_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tong'an Tunnel (page does not exist)">Tong'an Tunnel</a>, scheduled to be opened to traffic in 2028, under construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subway">Subway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Subway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Metro" title="Xiamen Metro">Xiamen Metro</a></div> <p>Xiamen subway initiated construction on 1 April 2014 and was put into experimental operation on 31 December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Xiamen's rail traffic planning approved by the central government, the city has three metro lines by 25 June 2021 and will also accelerate the construction of Metro Line 4 and 6, with a total length of 233 kilometers. The city will witness the rapid development of its subway traffic network. The Metro Line <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Xiamen_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Xiamen Metro)">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Xiamen_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Xiamen Metro)">2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Xiamen_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Xiamen Metro)">3</a> has currently started operation.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BRT">BRT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: BRT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_(20210204144455).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg/220px-D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg/330px-D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg/440px-D09176D_at_Wenzao_Station_%2820210204144455%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9248" data-file-height="6944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_BRT" title="Xiamen BRT">Xiamen BRT</a> at Wenzhao station. Its expressways and elevated roads form a closed network accessible only to the system's buses</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_BRT" title="Xiamen BRT">Xiamen BRT</a> was put into operation on 31 August 2008. Its BRT system features a dedicated bus-only closed road system with stations and ticketing system similar to light rail. Most of the 115-kilometer (71 mi) BRT network consists of bus lanes along expressways and elevated BRT viaducts on Xiamen Island. BRT routes have no traffic lights and travel speed is limited by design to 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph). Nine BRT routes<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are currently in service, including BRT-1 Route, BRT-2 Route, Huandao Avenue BRT Route, Chenggong Avenue BRT Route and Connecting BRT Route. The fare is 0.6 RMB per km for the air-conditioned busses. The BRT is supplemented by 20 shuttle bus services that connect nearby places to the BRT stations. The shuttle bus service has a flat rate of 0.5 RMB. Fare discount is available when pre-paid e-card is used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycle-way">Cycle-way</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Cycle-way"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as 2013, Haicang built a 13.4-kilometer-long green cycle-way outside Xiamen Island, making it the first district in the city to fulfill a public bicycle system. At the beginning of 2017, Xiamen built the country's first and the world's longest aerial cycle-way.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white hollow guardrails with 1.5 meters high on both sides won't make people "fear of height" or cause any impact on the vision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg/330px-Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg/440px-Boeing_787_of_Xiamen_Airlines_at_Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner" title="Boeing 787 Dreamliner">Boeing 787 Dreamliner</a> of <a href="/wiki/XiamenAir" title="XiamenAir">XiamenAir</a> at <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport</a></figcaption></figure><p> The <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport</a> (IATA: XMN; ICAO: ZSAM) in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> is a main air hub in East China with flights to over 90 domestic and international destinations. Among <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of airports in the People's Republic of China">airports in China</a>, Xiamen ranked the top 18th by airport and the top 15th by city in 2023. It handled 24 million passengers in 2023, up 138.1% year-on-year. Total cargo and mail traffic reached 314,405.1 tons, and air traffic exceeded 179,518, year-on-year growth of 20.0% and 79.8%, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport is the headquarters hub of <a href="/wiki/XiamenAir" title="XiamenAir">XiamenAir</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Road_Cargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Road Cargo (page does not exist)">Air Road Cargo</a>, and hub of <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Airlines" title="Shandong Airlines">Shandong Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines" title="China Eastern Airlines">China Eastern Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spring_Airlines" title="Spring Airlines">Spring Airlines</a>. </p><p>Xiamen has now launched 187 routes to 128 cities, and is developing into an international air transit hub covering Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also coach bus services connecting Xiamen with <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a> (HKIA).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australasia's mass-transit provider <a href="/wiki/SkyBus_(airport_bus)" title="SkyBus (airport bus)">SkyBus</a> is deepening its ties in Asia by partnering with <a href="/wiki/XiamenAir" title="XiamenAir">Xiamen Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen began offering 144-hour visa-free transit services to foreign travelers from 53 countries on 1 January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ferries">Ferries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen has passenger ferry services to cities along the coast of China as well as the neighbouring island of <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> (Quemoy) to the east, which is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan" title="Republic of China on Taiwan">Republic of China on Taiwan</a>. These ferries are all served from the <a href="/wiki/Wutong_Ferry_Terminal" title="Wutong Ferry Terminal">Wutong Ferry Terminal</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shuitou_Pier" title="Shuitou Pier">Shuitou Pier</a>, Kinmen on the north-east side of the Xiamen Island (quite distant from downtown Xiamen), ferries to Kinmen take 60 minutes. There are facilities in both directions allowing for quick transfers between <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi Airport</a> (for Mainland destinations) and <a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Airport" title="Kinmen Airport">Kinmen Airport</a> (for Taiwanese destinations), which are very popular especially among large tour groups. </p><p>While the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heping_Wharf_Ferry_Terminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heping Wharf Ferry Terminal (page does not exist)">Heping Wharf Ferry Terminal</a> on the south-west side of Xiamen Island offers short 5-minute boat rides to the island of <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu</a>, this ferry is only accessible by Xiamen residents. Tourists and non-locals must now take a longer 20-minute ferry ride from the main International Ferry Terminal, also called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dongdu_International_Terminal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dongdu International Terminal (page does not exist)">Dongdu International Terminal</a>, on the south-west side of Xiamen Island, as of 20 October 2014 with a fare increase from 8RMB to 35RMB. The purpose was to reduce the number of tourists accessing the island in an effort to conserve it. This terminal used to have ferries, taking 90 minutes, to Kinmen Island but were ceased in 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Port">Port</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Xiamen" title="Port of Xiamen">Port of Xiamen</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG/220px-Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG/330px-Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG/440px-Port_of_Xiamen_-_headquarters_-_DSCF9290.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen Port">Xiamen Port</a> administration.</figcaption></figure> <p>The historic port of Xiamen in Yundang Bay on the southwest side of <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a> has been converted into a lake by <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> projects. </p><p>The present-day <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Xiamen" title="Port of Xiamen">Port of Xiamen</a> lies on the northwestern shore of Xiamen Island, opposite its airport, and at eleven other sites around <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Bay" title="Xiamen Bay">Xiamen Bay</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/Jiulong_River" title="Jiulong River">Jiulong</a> estuary, including the neighboring jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a>. The port facilities are interconnected by ship, road, and rail. The port has been one of the busiest in China since the early 1980s<sup id="cite_ref-China_Briefing_Business_Guide:_Emerging_Hotspots_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Briefing_Business_Guide:_Emerging_Hotspots-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is serviced by all of the 20 largest shipping lines in the world. In 2021, Xiamen ranked among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_world%27s_busiest_container_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of world's busiest container ports">top 13 ports in the world</a> for container freight. </p><p>The natural coastline in the port area is 64.5 kilometers (40 mi) while the water is over 12 meters (39 ft) in depth. There are 81 berths, including 16 deep-water berths, of which 6 operate containers of over 10,000 tonnes. Among other cargoes handled, Xiamen is the world's largest supply base for raw <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> materials<sup id="cite_ref-China_Expat_Xiamen_City_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Expat_Xiamen_City-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">sunglasses</a>, exporting 120 million pairs each year.<sup id="cite_ref-China_Expat_Xiamen_City_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Expat_Xiamen_City-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xiamen is also an important base in Fujian province for <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">making</a> medium-sized and large container vessels and yachts.<sup id="cite_ref-China_Expat_Xiamen_City_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-China_Expat_Xiamen_City-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Xiamen and its surrounding countryside is known for its scenery and tree-lined beaches.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Xiamen's Botanical Garden is a showcase of this. The Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Nanputuo_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanputuo Temple">Nanputuo Temple</a>, dating back to the Tang dynasty, is a national treasure. Xiamen is also well known as a continuing frontline in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> Islands (Quemoy), <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (Taiwan).The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_Garden_Expo_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water Garden Expo Park (page does not exist)">Water Garden Expo Park</a> has a total area of about 6.76 km<sup>2</sup> (2.61 sq mi), with a land area of 3.03 km<sup>2</sup> or 1.17 sq mi consisting of five exhibition park islands, four ecological landscapes, islands, and two peninsulas, including the main pavilion, Chinese Education Park, Marine Culture Island, Spa Island, and other functional areas and related facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourist_attractions">Tourist attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Tourist attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><p><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-inline">‹The <a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">template</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual" title="Template:Manual">Manual</a></i> is being <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_25#Template:Manual" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 25">considered for merging</a>.›</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"></p><table class="box-Manual plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is written like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#GUIDE" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">a manual or guide</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit">rewrite this section</a> and remove advice or instruction.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_20140828.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xiamen_20140828.JPG/220px-Xiamen_20140828.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xiamen_20140828.JPG/330px-Xiamen_20140828.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Xiamen_20140828.JPG/440px-Xiamen_20140828.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a> in the foreground</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gulangyu_Island">Gulangyu Island</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Gulangyu Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Treaty_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty port">treaty port</a> enclave, has views of the city and many Victorian-style buildings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The ticket price to the Gulangyu scenic spot is 50 yuan/person (including ferry costs and Haoyue Park ticket). There are small shops everywhere in Gulangyu where you can buy local products such as crafts, calligraphy, beads, carved lacquer, painted sculptures, ceramics and so on. It also leads the way in shopping streets full of restaurants and has numerous dishes apart from seafood. </p><p> It was included on the UNESCO World Heritage list in July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulangyu_store.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gulangyu_store.jpg/220px-Gulangyu_store.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gulangyu_store.jpg/330px-Gulangyu_store.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Gulangyu_store.jpg/440px-Gulangyu_store.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A local store on Gulangyu</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunlight_rock">Sunlight rock</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sunlight rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunlight Rock (<span lang="zh-Hans">日光岩</span>), nicknamed as Huang Rock, lies on the top of Longtou Mountain in south-central Gulangyu Island. Two rocks, leaning against each other, are the highest on the island which stand at 92.7 meters above sea level. </p><p>There is a saying that goes "if you haven't ascended Sunlight Rock, you haven't really been to Xiamen". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kulangsu_Historic_International_Settlement">Kulangsu Historic International Settlement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Kulangsu Historic International Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG/220px-Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG/330px-Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG/440px-Xiamen_gold_decorated_lacquer_plate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>Xiamen local handicraft, gold plated lacquer ware</figcaption></figure><p>Kulangsu is an example of the cultural fusion that emerged from international exchanges, which remain legible in its urban fabric.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Buildings here have a mixture of different architectural styles including Traditional Southern Fujian Style, Western Classical Revival Style and Veranda Colonial Style. An example of the fusion of various stylistic influences is a new architectural movement, the Amoy Deco Style, a synthesis of the Modernist style of the early 20th century and Art Deco.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Yundang_Lake">Yundang Lake</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Yundang Lake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yundang Lake (<span lang="zh-Hans">筼筜湖</span>) is originally called Yundang Harbor, which was named after a bamboo's name that have grown in forests there. </p><p>The lake, standing at the center of the new and old urban areas of Xiamen, boasts night views,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which has Bailuzhou in the center of the lake, the People's Hall at the back of the lake, a large number of high buildings and footpaths along the lake banks, and illuminated bridges.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hulishan_Fortress">Hulishan Fortress</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Hulishan Fortress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hulishan Fortress (<span lang="zh-Hans">胡里山炮台</span>) is a concrete defensive outpost on the south side of Xiamen, just across the water from the historically contentious Kinmen Islands. </p><p>The highlight for present-day visitors is the <a href="/wiki/28_cm_MRK_L/40" title="28 cm MRK L/40">enormous cannon</a> that still remains (there were originally two; one for east and west defense). Built by the German munitions company Krupp, the two 14 m (46 ft) cannons, when viewed in tandem with the dozens of other, smaller artillery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Hulishan Fortress is located on the southern coast of Xiamen, just south of Xiamen University. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zengcuoan">Zengcuoan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Zengcuoan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located at Huandao Rd, Zengcuoan (<span lang="zh">曾厝垵</span>) used to be a small fishing village near the sea. People who live by the water made their livings on the water. Gradually, many ancient houses with red bricks were established one after another and small alleys came into being. </p><p>Nowadays, Zengcuoan has become the gathering place of literature and art. With its unique geographical advantage and artistic characteristic, Zengcuoan attracts many innovative artists to live here.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (September 2019)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> They operate shops here, which turns this small fishing village to be a cultural and recreational park.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shapowei">Shapowei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Shapowei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidden in the downtown, with docks and low houses, Shapowei (<span lang="zh">沙坡尾</span>) entails the scene of the old Xiamen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (September 2019)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> The stone road baptized by the time and the rusty wharf both witness the growth of several generations of Xiamen people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The flavor of old Xiamen has become the reason why young people with artistic talents like to go to Shapowei.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (September 2019)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> In the past, there were many small and medium-sized wharfs, but now it is a destination for food and shopping.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aotou_village">Aotou village</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Aotou village"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aotou Village (<span lang="zh-Hans">澳头村</span>), located in the Xindian town in Xiang'an district, is near the sea and mountain. It is opposite to Kinmen Island and Xiamen Island across the sea. It is not only a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in South Fujian, but also a harbor and fishing village.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arcade_Building">Arcade Building</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Arcade Building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just like the broad quadrangle courtyard in Beijing, and the Shikumen with Chinese and western features in Shanghai, the arcade building (<span lang="zh-Hans">骑楼</span>) is the symbol of Xiamen's traditional culture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The popularity of arcade buildings is due to the boom of "going overseas" at the beginning of the 20th century. Many overseas Chinese who made a great fortune in foreign countries came back home with new business ideas as well as foreign architectural ideas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Within the arcade building, the upstairs has rooms where people live while the downstairs has corridors which are used as shops. </p><p>The arcade buildings along Lujiang Ave, which are on the opposite of Gulangyu Island, enjoy a history of more than 100 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xiamen_Horticulture_Expo_Garden">Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Xiamen Horticulture Expo Garden (<span lang="zh-Hans">园林博览苑</span>) is located in Xinglin Bay in Jimei district, Xiamen, Fujian province. </p><p>The park covers a total area of about 10 square kilometers, with land and water landscapes accounting for half of the total area. </p><p>As the venue for the sixth China International Garden and Flower Exposition, the park enjoys a natural and environmentally-friendly layout.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It consists of nine islands and various gardens with different styles. </p><p>It serves as a venue for horticultural exhibitions, tourism, recreational activities, and educational activities for the public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chengyi_Discovery_Center">Chengyi Discovery Center</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Chengyi Discovery Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Themed on aerospace, navigation, natural disasters and information communication, Chengyi Discovery Center (<span lang="zh-Hans">诚毅科探中心</span>) has seven exhibition areas, including dream seeking, space exploration, aeronautical laboratory, and navigation laboratory. </p><p>The center has five initiative key exhibition projects in China, including two special cinemas of X-Flight space exploration and pleasant trip, Tiangong-1, a huge slide, and light show. Besides, theme restaurants, coffee bar and shopping mall are available here. All these elements make the center China's first indoor large-scale science themed park.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xiamen_Museum">Xiamen Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Xiamen Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1983, Xiamen Museum (<span lang="zh-Hans">厦门博物馆</span>) was located in <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a> Island, the most renowned scenic spot in the city,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and was relocated to the Xiamen Culture and Arts Center in Siming district in 2007. </p><p>Covering 25,300 square meters, the new museum is six times larger than the original, and displays 30,000 pieces of cultural relics, mostly featuring porcelain, paintings, calligraphy works, jades, and stone carvings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tan_Kah_Kee_Memorial_Museum">Tan Kah Kee Memorial Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Tan Kah Kee Memorial Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tan Kah Kee Memorial (<span lang="zh-Hans">陈嘉庚纪念馆</span>) Museum is a museum to memorialize social and historic celebrities. Its building inherits unique southern Fujian features, which integrate with Jimei Aoyuan Park and Kah Kee Park, forming a tourist destination.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As holder of the cultural memorials of <a href="/wiki/Tan_Kah_Kee" title="Tan Kah Kee">Tan Kah Kee</a> (a well-known patriotic overseas Chinese leader), the museum is also an important patriotic education base in Xiamen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overseas_Chinese_Museum">Overseas Chinese Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Overseas Chinese Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded by <a href="/wiki/Tan_Kah_Kee" title="Tan Kah Kee">Tan Kah Kee</a>, an entrepreneur whose ancestral home is in Xiamen, the Overseas Chinese Museum (<span lang="zh-Hans">华侨博物院</span>) shows the history of Chinese people living outside their home country, integrating collections of cultural relics, exhibitions and academic research. </p><p>By March 2017, the museum was displaying more than 1,200 photos, 2,000 cultural relics and 1,000 specimens of rare birds, animals and marine creatures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gulangyu_Piano_Museum">Gulangyu Piano Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Gulangyu Piano Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gulangyu Island, listed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">world cultural heritage site</a> in 2017, is also dubbed the Island of Pianos because more than 100 musical families once lived in the 1.87-square kilometer area. </p><p>The Piano Museum (<span lang="zh-Hans">鼓浪屿钢琴博物馆</span>) exhibits more than 40 old pianos donated by the pianist Hu Youyi, including a gilded piano, a piano with four corners, the earliest one in the world, and a mechanical piano operated by pumping pedals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Xiamen_Olympic_Museum">Xiamen Olympic Museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Xiamen Olympic Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen Olympic Museum (<span lang="zh-Hans">厦门奥林匹克博物馆</span>) is the first Olympic-themed museum in China approved by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Olympic_Committee" title="Chinese Olympic Committee">Chinese Olympic Committee</a>. It houses a collection of Olympic-related relics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oriental_Fish_Bone_Gallery">Oriental Fish Bone Gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Oriental Fish Bone Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Oriental Fish Bone Gallery (<span lang="zh-Hans">东方鱼骨博物馆</span>) in Xiamen, Fujian province was founded by Chinese artist Lin Hanbing in April 2006 and is the first of its kind anywhere in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Lin creates artworks by arranging raw materials, commonly <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a> such as fish bones, fins, scales, eyes, shrimp antennae and crab shells, through 12 processing steps including separating bones and meat, washing, removing the fishy flavor, whitening, applying mildew proof, and dehydrating. </p><p>The raw materials, due to their various shapes and colors, are arranged by Lin into realistic paintings like flowers, birds and beasts, as well as abstract artworks imbued with a deeper meaning. </p><p>In recent years,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Lin has changed his style from original landscape paintings to artwork that reflects environmental problems, including air, river, and sea pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_of_'incessant'_Xiamen_memories"><span id="Museum_of_.27incessant.27_Xiamen_memories"></span>Museum of 'incessant' Xiamen memories</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Museum of 'incessant' Xiamen memories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The museum (<span lang="zh-Hans">不辍旧物馆</span>) at No 122 Minzu Rd in Xiamen, Fujian province, is home to a variety of old gadgets that hold the memories of the coastal city. Chen Zhaowei, the 48-year-old native Xiamen curator, said the museum is inspired by and named for <i><a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">The Analects of Confucius</a></i> and means 'incessant' in Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is known for its music, puppet shows, Gezai Opera, and temple celebration events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_customs">Folk customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Folk customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gongfu_tea">Gongfu tea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Gongfu tea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is one of the origins of <a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongfu tea ceremony">gongfu (kung fu) tea ceremony</a> with a profound tea culture. The essence of Xiamen tea culture is tea ceremony, which involves five elements: tea leaves, water, tea set, fire and environment. Xiamen people mostly drink <a href="/wiki/Oolong" title="Oolong">Oolong</a> tea and especially love Anxi <a href="/wiki/Tieguanyin" title="Tieguanyin">Tieguanyin</a>, which is known as the highest grade of tea. </p><p>Xiamen people usually start their day by making a cup of kungfu tea.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jianggu">Jianggu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Jianggu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jianggu (<span lang="zh-Hans">讲古场</span>) is a kind of storytelling in Minnan (southern Fujian province) dialect and can be seen in Minnan, Taiwan and Chinese inhabited areas in Southeast Asia. </p><p>The performer usually tells stories with vivid and funny slang, proverbs or doggerel, using a dramatic tone, strong facial expressions and body language to attract the audience. It is a popular traditional Chinese folk entertainment performance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mid-Autumn_mooncake_gambling">Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bo_Bing_(game)" title="Bo Bing (game)">Bo Bing (game)</a></div> <p>Mid-Autumn mooncake gambling (<span lang="zh-Hans">中秋博饼</span>), betting on moon cakes, is a folk game played around the Mid-Autumn Festival. It originated in Xiamen and then traveled to the neighboring Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Kinmen (Quemoy). </p><p>It is a game played with six dice. Just throw the dice into a bowl and the different pips you get stand for different ranks of awards you will win.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (September 2019)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The gambling game has six ranks of awards, which were given the names of winners in ancient imperial examinations: <i>zhuangyuan</i>, <i>bangyan</i>, <i>tanhua</i>, <i>jinshi</i>, <i>juren</i> and <i>xiucai</i>.These are also known as "One Show," "Two Lifts," and "Three Reds." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sending_off_the_Wang_Boat">Sending off the Wang Boat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Sending off the Wang Boat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The celebration called "<i>Song Wang Chuan</i>" (<span lang="zh">送王船</span>) is a very important and longstanding traditional festival held in coastal villages in Fujian province, Taiwan and oversea Minnan communities to avert calamities and pray for divine blessings. </p><p>Also known as "<i>Shao Wang Chuan</i>" (<span lang="zh">烧王船</span>) or "<i>Ji Wang Chuan</i>" (<span lang="zh">祭王船</span>), this festival originated from a religious tradition that ancient voyagers released little boats or decorated ships to send off calamities or plague while invoking for the blessings of various <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ye_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Ye worship">Wang Ye</a> like Zheng Chenggong, an admiral of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and the Taoist ritual "Hai Jiao". During the celebration, the local community would also incorporate a variety of folk performances into the traditional religious festival. </p><p>The custom was spread to Taiwan and oversea Minnan communities through boats traveling there, migration and religious exchange activities. It demonstrates the Minnan (southern Fujian) people's respect for the ocean, life, peace and justice, as well as their sympathy for vulnerable groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_(20160908152534).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg/220px-Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg/330px-Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg/440px-Sa-te-m%C4%AB_in_Tongzhou_%2820160908152534%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2278" /></a><figcaption>Shacha noodles</figcaption></figure> <p>As with much of southern China, the staple foods of Xiamen have long been rice, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_fishing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese fishing industry">seafood</a>, pork, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pickles" title="Chinese pickles">pickled vegetables</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bok_choy" title="Bok choy">bok choy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nom_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nom-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its traditional dishes form a branch of southern <a href="/wiki/Fujianese_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujianese cuisine">Fujianese cuisine</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_cuisine" title="Taiwanese cuisine">Taiwanese</a> influence. It is particularly well known within China for its <a href="/wiki/Xiaochi" title="Xiaochi">street food</a> and snacks. A local specialty is worm jelly <span class="nowrap">(<small><a href="/wiki/Traditional_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional characters">t</a></small> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土笋凍</span></span>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><small><a href="/wiki/Simplified_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">s</a></small> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土笋冻</span></span>,</span> <i>tǔsǔndòng</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Aspic" title="Aspic">gelatin</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Sipunculus_nudus" title="Sipunculus nudus">a kind of marine peanut worm</a>. </p> <ul><li>Satay noodles (<span lang="zh-Hans">沙茶面</span>) are a street food using the spicy flavor of <a href="/wiki/Satay" title="Satay">satay</a>, and are sold inexpensively.</li> <li>Oyster omelets (<span lang="zh-Hans">海蛎煎</span>): Local residents are known to accompany this dish with porridge. Blend fresh oysters, sweet potato, starch and egg, then add a tablespoon of soy sauce and fry them in a pan with shallow oil until the oysters turn crispy.</li> <li>Misua paste (<span lang="zh-Hans">面线糊</span>): The main ingredients used for making misua paste are misua, coagulated pig blood, onion oil and seafood. All of the required ingredients are boiled together into a misua paste, which includes a tender glutinous misua noodle and a smooth taste.</li> <li>Steamed taro buns (<span lang="zh-Hans">芋包</span>): For the older generations in Xiamen, steamed Taro Buns are an essential part of Spring Festival, similar to turkey on Thanksgiving Day. Local residents usually eat it with sweet chili sauce or barbeque sauce.</li> <li>Tong'an wrapped pork (<span lang="zh">同安封肉</span>): This dish is a local cuisine with typical Xiamen flavor, involving braised pork and condiments such as black mushroom, lotus seeds, shrimps, dried oyster.</li> <li>Ginger duck (<span lang="zh-Hans">姜母鸭</span>): Local ducks and aged gingers are the main ingredients. Instead of being cooked over fire, the spiced duck can also be braised in sand, which is good for maintaining temperature.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Musicians who hail from Xiamen and <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a> Island include <a href="/wiki/Ivy_Ling_Po" title="Ivy Ling Po">Huang Yujun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yin_Chengzong" title="Yin Chengzong">Yin Chengzong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yang_Jing_(violinist)" title="Yang Jing (violinist)">Jing Yang</a>, and Xu Feiping. It has a major symphony orchestra, the <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra">Xiamen Philharmonic Orchestra</a>. Every May there's an international music festival, and piano competitions and music festivals are also frequently held. On <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a>, on Huangyan Road on the way to Sunlight Rock is the Gulangyu Concert Hall, where classical concerts are regularly held on weekends. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Xiamen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nanyin">Nanyin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Nanyin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nanguan_music" title="Nanguan music">Nanyin</a> (<span lang="zh">南音</span>), dubbed "a living fossil of music", is one of the four oldest forms of Chinese music preserved in its original state. Also called <i>nanqu</i>, <i>xianguan</i>, <i>nanguan</i> or <i>nanyue</i>, it developed from the imperial music of the Tang (618–907) and the Five Dynasties Period (906–960) and continues among people in Fujian's Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, as well as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asian regions. </p><p>Nanyin Opera consists of three parts: <i>zhitao</i>, <i>dapu</i> and <i>sanqu</i>. It can be performed in two forms: <i>tanchang</i> (singing while playing a musical instrument) and <i>qingchang</i> (singing without playing a musical instrument). </p><p>It also preserves the ancient tradition of lineups for performances in the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). </p><p>Various folk music instruments are used in nanyin, including <i><a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">pipa</a></i>, <i>dongxiao</i>, <i>erxian</i>, <i>sanxian</i>, <i>pin</i>(<i>qudi</i>), <i>nan'ai</i>, <i>paiban</i>, <i>xiangzhan</i>, <i>sibao</i>, <i>goujiao</i>, <i>muyu</i> and <i>shuangling</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gaojia_Opera">Gaojia Opera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Gaojia Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaojia Opera (<span lang="zh-Hans">高甲戏</span>; or Gejia Opera, Daban) is a traditional folk art in Minnan in southern Fujian province. It is also popular in Taiwan and the Chinese expatriate communities living in Southeast Asia. </p><p>It grew out of <i>Songjiang zhen</i>, a folk cultural performance that emerged in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644) and early Qing dynasty (1644–1911), developed into Hexing drama, an art form that combined literature and martial arts in the middle Qing dynasty, then absorbed the elements of various opera styles and turned in to Gaojia Opera in late Qing dynasty. </p><p>It can be classified into three categories: court drama (<i>daqi</i> drama), shengdan opera (also xiufang opera) and choudan (comic role) opera, according to the repertoire. </p><p>Its <i>qupai</i> (the names of the tunes) belongs to <i>nanyin</i>, an ancient music style from East China's Fujian province. Performers sing in their native voice with a strong and high vocal tone. The role of the puppet clown, which is rare in other operas, requires good dancing skills and is very funny and interesting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gezai_opera">Gezai opera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Gezai opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_opera" title="Taiwanese opera">Gezai Opera</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">歌仔戏</span>) is the only traditional Chinese opera that became established in Minnan, in southern Fujian province, and arose from Taiwan. </p><p>It is based on Minnan <i>gezai</i> (ballads) and absorbs elements from Liyuan Opera, Beiguan Opera, Gaojia Opera, Peking Opera and Minju Opera. </p><p>The art form emerged in Taiwan at the beginning of last century, then spread to Minnan and then to Southeast Asia through Chinese people and foreign citizens of Chinese origin. </p><p>Gezai Opera uses a free metrical pattern, various tunes but few lyrics. There are more than 100 traditional tunes. <i>Zasui</i> tunes and seven-character tunes are the two main arias in Gezai Opera. </p><p>Performers in all roles sing in their real voices. Among them, <i>kudan</i> (woman's role) is the most distinctive style of singing. Shao Jianghai and other folk artists in Minnan created the <i>zasui</i> tune and promoted this traditional art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dazuigu">Dazuigu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Dazuigu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dazuigu (<span lang="zh">答嘴鼓</span>) is a folk comic talk and singing art popular performed in the Minnan dialect in southern Fujian province, similar to cross-talk in North China. It adopts strictly rhyming dialogue with strong linguistic rhythms, and is popular in Minnan, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. </p><p>With the help of the Minnan dialect's unique rhyme structure, the art boasts a unique rhythmic style. It uses vivid and humorous slang and proverbs in the dialect, focuses on storyline and characters, and is full of jokes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chest-clapping_dance">Chest-clapping dance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Chest-clapping dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chest-clapping dance (<span lang="zh">拍胸舞</span>) is a traditional folk dance in South Fujian which has been handed down since the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>. Shirtless and barefoot men squat and successively beat their chests, flanks, legs and palms with hands, shaking their heads happily. The rhythm and range of steps vary with the change of dancing environment and emotion. With a strong emotion, they will stamp feet repeatedly, clap chest, rib, and the whole body very red with hands; while in a comfortable mood, they will lift chests, turn over palms and twist waists as well as hips, soft and happy, which creates a kind of lively and humorous atmosphere. </p><p>The dance emphasizes the rhythm of clapping the body. On the one hand, it reflects the characteristics of the dance itself. On the other hand, it is used to coordinate group movements and create a dancing atmosphere, well preserving the rugged and simple dance style of ancient local residents. </p><p>In 2006, the chest-clapping dance was included in the first National Intangible Cultural Heritage List under the approval of the State Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wushipu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wushipu.jpg/220px-Wushipu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wushipu.jpg/330px-Wushipu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wushipu.jpg/440px-Wushipu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Wushipu Oil Painting Village, Xiamen</figcaption></figure> <p>Xiamen Wushipu oil painting village has been named as "the second of the world oil painting industry base" and the second batch of national cultural (art) industry base" by the China artist association and the culture property department of Culture Ministry. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Xiamen has strong industry advantage in hand-done oil painting, which has two main manufacturing bases here, Xiamen Wushipu Oil Painting Village and Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village. 80% market shares in European and American market is taken up by products exported from Xiamen. As the main manufacturing base of hand painted oil painting in China, Xiamen Wushipu Oil Painting Village has more than 5,000 artists. It has the ability to produce all kinds of oil paintings with different specifications and styles. With the support of Xiamen Municipal Government, it has formed a powerful industrial chain, provided related accessories such as frames, brushes and paint colors and formed stable target customers composed by hotels, villas, high-class departments, galleries and so on. As another mail manufacturing base of oil painting, Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village has more than 3,000 painters. The scale of Xiamen Haicang Oil Painting Village has developed rapidly in recent years, which is from originally 28 enterprises to more than 250 enterprises at the moment. The combination of manufacturing, sales and distribution makes it become industrial base of commercial oil painting.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lacquer_thread_sculpture">Lacquer thread sculpture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Lacquer thread sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Xiamen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lacquer thread sculpture (<span lang="zh-Hans">漆线雕</span>) is a traditional artware in East China which uses well-tempered lacquer threads to build decorative patterns. </p><p>The main material of lacquer thread sculpture is the mixture of lacquer, the special brick powder and boiled tung oil. After beating the mixture and twisting it into a string, the craftsmen coil, entangle, pile, carve and engrave on the sculpture which is then coated with primer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The technique's development depended on flourishing folk religions and the Buddhist sculpture tradition. As a legacy of the color sculpture of the Tang dynasty (618–907), it was inspired by the thread sculpture technology of the Song and Yuan dynasties (960–1368), especially the process of leaching powder and clay thread sculpture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The lacquer thread sculpture technique was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (1368–1911). It has four major steps: sculpture, foundation coating, lacquer thread decoration and gilding the surface. It focuses on the aesthetic characteristics of the lacquer thread itself, and demonstrates the evolution of the use of line in Chinese arts and crafts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bead_embroidery">Bead embroidery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Bead embroidery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bead embroidery (<span lang="zh-Hans">珠绣</span>) in Xiamen has small pearls, glass beads and jewels embroidered on the cloth, creating the shining glory, colorful decorations, clear layout and a strong sense of art with stereoscopic impression. </p><p>The craftsmanship has a history of nearly 100 years. In the 1970s and 1980s, the art reached its peak in popularity and many kinds of bead embroidery products were exported to over 50 countries and regions in Asia, Europe and America. In 2007, the art was included in the Fujian Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_2">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nanputuo_Temple">Nanputuo Temple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Nanputuo Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Xiamen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nanputuo_Temple,_Xiamen,_China.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG/220px-Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG/330px-Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG/440px-Nanputuo_Temple%2C_Xiamen%2C_China.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Nanputuo Temple</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhism_library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Buddhism_library.jpg/220px-Buddhism_library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Buddhism_library.jpg/330px-Buddhism_library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Buddhism_library.jpg/440px-Buddhism_library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>Buddhist library, <a href="/wiki/Nanputuo_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanputuo Temple">Nanputuo Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Like most of the temples in PRC, <a href="/wiki/South_Putuo_Temple" title="South Putuo Temple">Nanputuo Temple</a> (<span lang="zh">南普陀寺</span>) has endured its share of violence and destruction during the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Cultural_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural revolution">cultural revolution</a>. The temple's original construction was built more than a millennium ago, then it was destroyed and later rebuilt during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, the temple was rebuilt and expanded by general <a href="/wiki/Shi_Lang" title="Shi Lang">Shi Lang</a> during early <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>. The temple was named after the Buddhist sacred site <a href="/wiki/Mount_Putuo" title="Mount Putuo">Mount Putuo</a> of Zhejiang Province, which is considered the abode of <a href="/wiki/Guanyin_Bodhisattva" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanyin Bodhisattva">Guanyin Bodhisattva</a>. The first elected abbot of the temple, Master Hui Quan set up <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="zh:闽南佛学院">Minnan Buddhist College</a> in 1925. During cultural revolution, the temple was severely damaged and converted into a factory. After the cultural revolution, the status of the temple was finally reinstated and renovated in the 1980s. </p><p>The temple consists of four separate halls of worship, monks quarters and some of the finest maintained grounds and landscapes you're likely to find in any Chinese temple.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Stone carvings, lotus filled ponds and secluded caves are scattered around the grounds. If you're after a bit of good luck, try tossing a coin on the rock behind the main temple, which is said to bring good luck your way. Behind the smoky courtyards, libraries, monk's digs, temples and statues of laughing Buddha Milefo is Wulao Feng, "the peak of five old men," which overlooks the South China Sea, offering a scenic view of Xiamen University campus and the sprawling urban metropolis of Xiamen. </p><p>Take a bus or cab to the temple which sits very close to Xiamen University on Siming Nanlu. The temple and the university gates are within 100 meters of each other.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brahma_Temple">Brahma Temple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Brahma Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Xiamen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Brahma Temple (<span lang="zh">梵天寺</span>) is located at the southern foot of Dalun Mountain (<span lang="zh-Hans">大轮山</span>), which was established in the first year of Kaihuang of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (581). Its primitive name is Xingjiao Temple, which is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in Fujian Province. Both of Miaoshi Temple in Xiamen Island and Sunlight Rock Temple in Gulangyu Island are the branch temples. </p><p>Even though Brahma Temple has experienced many vicissitudes of life, it cultivated many eminent monks, attracted refined scholars, gathered unceasing burning incense and enjoyed a widespread reputation. The distinguished Master <a href="/wiki/Hong_Yi" title="Hong Yi">Hong Yi</a>, Master <a href="/wiki/Hong_Choon" title="Hong Choon">Hong Choon</a> and the Master <a href="/wiki/Yin_Shun" title="Yin Shun">Yin Shun</a> who is the charismatic figure of Humanistic Buddhism in Taiwan has once stayed in the temple. There is a Brahman pagoda of the Song dynasty in the temple, which has been included in the first group of cultural relics in Fujian province.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belief_in_Life_Protection_Emperor">Belief in Life Protection Emperor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Belief in Life Protection Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Life Protection Emperor (<span lang="zh">保生大帝信仰文化</span>), commonly referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Baosheng_Dadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Baosheng Dadi">Baosheng Dadi</a>" (<span lang="zh">保生大帝</span>) or "Dadaogong" (<span lang="zh">大道公</span>), "Wuzhenren" (<span lang="zh-Hans">吴真人</span>) or "Huajiaogong" (<span lang="zh-Hans">花桥公</span>), is the Medicinal Deity popularly worshiped by people across Southern Fujian and the Chaozhou-Jieyang-Shantou region (Teochew speaking region in Guangdong province). There are temples dedicated to the deity across the Southern China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Among them, the Qingjiao Tzu Chi Temple and Baijiao Tzu Chi Temple are recognized as the ancestral temples of Life Protection Emperor. </p><p>Wu Tao or Wu Ben<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吳本</span></span>) was born in the village of Bailiao near Xiamen in Fujian Province, during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> in the year 979.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a skilled doctor and Taoist practitioner who was credited with performing medical miracles, including applying eye drops to a dragon's eye and removing a foreign object from a tiger's throat.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death in 1036, he began to be worshiped as a <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">deity</a>. His deified status was officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Hongxi_Emperor" title="Hongxi Emperor">Hongxi Emperor</a> of the Ming dynasty who conferred on him the title of “Imperial Inspector at Heavenly Gate, Miracle Doctor of Compassion Relief, <a href="/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)" title="Xian (Taoism)">Great Taoist Immortal</a>, and the Long-lived, Unbounded, Life Protection Emperor“. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belief_in_Lord_Chi">Belief in Lord Chi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Belief in Lord Chi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Xiamen">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lord Chi (<span lang="zh">池王信仰文化</span>), or Chi Ran, is an imperial official of <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> origin. He is very upright in disciplining himself and fulfilling his official responsibilities. It is said that in the era of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wanli" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Wanli">Emperor Wanli</a> of the Ming dynasty, Chi was appointed by the imperial court to be magistrate of Zhangzhou, Fujian province. He met two envoys when he passed Small Yingling Mountain, which is in present Xiang'an district. After having a good conversation with them, he knew that they were under the celestial imperial order from the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a> (the Supreme Lord of Heaven) and were instructed to spread plague among the population in Zhangzhou. Chi tried to get the poison from them and swallowed the poison immediately to prevent the plague. When he arrived at Maxiang, he was badly poisoned and his face turned black, then he died under a big banyan tree. Jade Emperor was touched by Chi's bravery and selfless sacrifice, and his love for the people as his children, so Chi was deified and titled "the Celestial Imperial Inspector representing the Heaven" (<span lang="zh">代天巡狩</span>), and was promoted as <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ye_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Ye worship">Wang Ye or Sacred Duke</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a> took over Taiwan, the belief in Lord Chi has been transmitted to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. It has a history of over 300 years and Lord Chi has become one of the divinities (Wang Ye) worshipped in Taiwan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belief_in_Fude_Zhengshen">Belief in Fude Zhengshen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Belief in Fude Zhengshen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belief in <a href="/wiki/Fude_Zhengshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fude Zhengshen">Fude Zhengshen</a> (<span lang="zh">福德正神信仰文化</span>) is the belief in the God of Earth. In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a>, the Earth Deity is also regarded as God of Wealth and Prosperity, because people believe that "land can bestowed wealth" (<span lang="zh">有土斯有財</span>). </p><p>Every year, the second day of the second month and the fifteenth day of eighth month on the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese lunar calendar</a> are regarded the birthday of the Earth Deity. Every 16th day of the 12th month of the lunar calendar is the sacrifice day of the "year-end dinner". Folk activities include the ceremony to light the first incense to invite the ruler of heaven, holding the sacrifice ceremony, sending stoves, and offering incenses to Buddha. Among these activities, meeting the deities, dancing performances, and opera performed to show gratitude for gods are all cultural events.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen is served by <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Media_Group" title="Xiamen Media Group">Xiamen Media Group</a>, which broadcasts news and entertainment such as movies and television series by AM/FM radio, close circuit television, and satellite television. Media in Xiamen were temporarily blocked by the Government in June 2007 when about 10,000 people participated in protests against the building of a <a href="/wiki/P-Xylene" title="P-Xylene">paraxylene</a> factory by Tenglong Aromatic PX (Xiamen) Co. Ltd., which is owned by Taiwanese businessman Chen Yu-hao.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident, however, was solved smoothly later that year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xmu_campus_view.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xmu_campus_view.JPG/240px-Xmu_campus_view.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xmu_campus_view.JPG/360px-Xmu_campus_view.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xmu_campus_view.JPG/480px-Xmu_campus_view.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A view of the <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a> campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XiamenUniversityChina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/XiamenUniversityChina.jpg/240px-XiamenUniversityChina.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/XiamenUniversityChina.jpg/360px-XiamenUniversityChina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/XiamenUniversityChina.jpg/480px-XiamenUniversityChina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>A view of the Xiamen University</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg/240px-Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg/360px-Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg/480px-Xiamen_Daxue_20120226-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Jiannan Auditorium at Xiamen University</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_universities">Public universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: Public universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first two universities below were founded by <a href="/wiki/Tan_Kah_Kee" title="Tan Kah Kee">Tan Kah Kee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门大学</span></span>) (founded 1921, <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a>, powered by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China): The school has cooperated with over 300 overseas universities and made substantive exchanges with 47 foreign universities that rank among the top 200 in the world. The university vigorously promotes the campaign of teaching Chinese as a foreign language worldwide by co-establishing 15 Confucius Institutes with universities in North America, Europe, and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_University" title="Jimei University">Jimei University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">集美大学</span></span>)(powered by the Fujian Provincial Department of Education): The university enrolls students from all over the country as well as from overseas; about 600 overseas students are now studying at Jimei.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyenglish.jmu.edu.cn/">Jimei University Chengyi College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">集美大学诚毅学院</span></span>)(independent college)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaqiao_University" title="Huaqiao University">Huaqiao University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">华侨大学</span></span>): 4,627 international students from over 50 countries and regions including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are now studying at Huaqiao University. The school is one of the top destinations for overseas students in China.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hwxy.hqu.edu.cn/">Chinese Language and Culture College of Huaqiao University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">华侨大学华文学院</span></span>)(secondary school of Huaqiao University)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University_of_Technology" title="Xiamen University of Technology">Xiamen University of Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门理工学院</span></span>): Attracting international students from more than 10 countries to study.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705074407/https://www.xmmc.edu.cn/">Xiamen Medical College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门医学院</span></span>): The college has established friendly cooperation ties with National Taiwan Ocean University, National Yang-Ming University, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Fooyin University, China University of Science and Technology, Central Taiwan University of Sciences and Technology, South Korea's Catholic University of Deagu, Gimcheon College, Daejeon University, Daegu Haany University, and Germany's Cologne University of Applied Sciences. They have conducted international cooperation in running joint schools and research programs while encouraging exchange visits of scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.fzu.edu.cn/html/en">Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design, Fuzhou University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">福州大学厦门工艺美术学院</span></span>) (secondary school of Fuzhou University)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_universities">Private universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: Private universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.xmut.edu.cn/">Xiamen Huaxia University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门华夏学院</span></span>): The school has signed agreements with universities and colleges from the United States and Taiwan, including the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, National Taichung University of Science and Technology and Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology. They exchange teachers and students, with over 200 students having been sent to Taiwan and the US on exchange studies.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xit.edu.cn/">Xiamen Institute of Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门工学院</span></span>): The school upholds a constantly upgraded international vision of talent training and has carried out various forms of cooperation and exchanges with 16 universities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Taiwan and other countries and regions. A cooperation system has been developed to encourage students to learn at other schools for a certain time in the context that credits are accepted by both schools. There is another program that offers double degrees and continuous undergraduate and graduate study.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_higher_vocational_schools">Public higher vocational schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Public higher vocational schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmoc.edu.cn/">Xiamen Ocean Vocational College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门海洋职业技术学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xmcu.cn/">Xiamen City University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门城市职业学院</span></span>): The school has admitted a total of 193 overseas students from nine countries. It has also set up a subsidiary college, known as the International Vocational Education College, and has cooperated with universities from the US, Canada, Japan and other countries to cultivate professional talent with an international vision and a "craftsman's spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_higher_vocational_schools">Private higher vocational schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Private higher vocational schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmht.com/">Xiamen Huatian International Vocational Institute</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门华天涉外职业技术学院</span></span>): The college has been actively expanding international cooperation, enjoying partnerships with Hosan University and Catholic University in South Korea. The school also reached cooperative intentions with four US universities, including the South Seattle Community College, and the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmyanyi.com/">The Xiamen Academy For Performing Arts</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门演艺职业学院</span></span>): The school emphasizes cultural and artistic exchanges between Fujian and Taiwan, and built a long-term tie with a Taiwan vocational college in 2010. It also uses the favorable location of Xiamen to invite prestigious artists and arts groups from Taiwan to give lectures and conduct academic exchanges.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmxc.com/">Xiamen Xingcai Vocational & Technical College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门兴才职业技术学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.xmist.edu.cn/">Xiamen Institute of Software Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门软件职业技术学院</span></span>): The school cooperates with top universities such as Deakin University in Australia, Dublin Business School in Ireland, University of Central Lancashire in the United Kingdom and Feng Chia University in Taiwan on academic exchanges and scientific research.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ny2000.com/">Xiamen Nanyang University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门南洋职业学院</span></span>): The school maintains cooperative relationships with colleges and universities from the United States, Canada, Singapore and Taiwan, and is gearing up to enhance mutual exchanges and promote Xiamen to a wider international audience.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmdh.com/">Xiamen Donghai Institute</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门东海职业技术学院</span></span>): To advance its international exchange and cooperation, the institute set up an international school in December 2017, and built partnerships with South Korea's Daegu University, Sangmyung University, Hosan University and the Wesleyan University in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmafkj.com/">Xiamen Security Science And Technology College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门安防科技职业学院</span></span>): The college has been dedicated to international education since 2017 with the aim of improving the quality of its education. It gained qualification to recruit overseas students after receiving approval from senior administration. At present, it has recruited a number of overseas students from the United Kingdom, Turkey, India and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continuing_education">Continuing education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: Continuing education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.xnai.edu.cn/">Xiamen National Accounting Institute</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门国家会计学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tio.org.cn/">Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">自然资源部第三海洋研究所</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.iue.cas.cn/">The Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院城市环境研究所</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmirem.ac.cn/">Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院-海西研究院厦门稀土材料研究所</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfhyzx.org:88/">Xiamen Southern Oceanographic Center</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门南方海洋研究中心</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cea.gov.cn/">Xiamen Institute of Marine Seismology, China Earthquake Administration</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国地震局厦门海洋地震研究所</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.casxm.cn/">Xiamen Data Intelligence Academy of ICT (The Institute of Computing Technology), CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences)</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国科学院计算技术研究所厦门数据智能研究院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fri.com.cn/">Southern Base, First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security OF PRC</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">公安部第一研究所南方技术基地</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iheg.cgs.gov.cn/">Xiamen Base, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所厦门基地</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-degree_higher_learning_institutions">Non-degree higher learning institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: Non-degree higher learning institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Xiamen Far East Training Institute (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门远东专修学院</span></span>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xmkeji.com/">Xiamen College of Science and Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">厦门科技专修学院</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xiamen functions as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/73rd_Army_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="73rd Army (People's Republic of China)">73rd Group Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>, one of the three group armies under then <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Military_Region" title="Nanjing Military Region">Nanjing Military Region</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Theater_Command" title="Eastern Theater Command">Eastern Theater Command</a> which is responsible for the defense of the <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">eastern China</a>, including any military action in the Taiwan Strait.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Changxing" title="Lai Changxing">Lua Chiong Seng</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lam" title="Raymond Lam">Raymond Lam</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a> actor and singer who was born in Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosina_Lam" title="Rosina Lam">Rosina Lam</a>, actress who was born in Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_Chengzong" title="Yin Chengzong">Un Seng Chong</a>, or Yin Chengzong, a pianist and composer born in Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sy_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Sy Sr.">Henry Sy Sr.</a>, businessman, founder of SM Group and chairman of SM Prime Holdings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Kah_Kee" title="Tan Kah Kee">Tan Kah Kee</a>, businessman, community leader, and philanthropist in colonial Singapore, and a Communist leader in the People's Republic of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Qiaozhi" title="Lin Qiaozhi">Lin Qiaozhi</a>, obstetrician and gynecologist born in <a href="/wiki/Gulangyu" title="Gulangyu">Gulangyu</a>, Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a>, American inventor of the transistor; co-recipient of 1956 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kuo-Huang" title="Han Kuo-Huang">Han Kuo-Huang</a>, ethnomusicologist and musician born in Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Yutang" title="Lin Yutang">Lin Yutang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Chinese_writers" title="Category:20th-century Chinese writers">Republic of China writer</a>, translator, linguist, philosopher and inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Jiaxi_(chemist)" title="Lu Jiaxi (chemist)">Lu Jiaxi</a>, or Chia-Si Lu, physical chemist born in Xiamen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lim" title="Robert Lim">Robert Lim</a>, or Lin Kesheng, Lim-Kho-seng, physiologist who taught at <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Duling" title="Chen Duling">Chen Duling</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_Zhe" title="Tong Zhe">Tong Zhe</a>, educator and organization founder<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> maintain consulates in Xiamen.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, Wales (1983-3-31)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sasebo,_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasebo, Nagasaki">Sasebo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Prefecture" title="Nagasaki Prefecture">Nagasaki</a>, Japan (1983-10-28)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>, Philippines (1984-10-26)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, US (1985-11-7)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand (1987-6-23)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, Penang, Malaysia (1993-11-10)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunshine Coast, Australia">Sunshine Coast, Australia</a> (1999-9-28)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania (2001-3-11)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Mexico (2003-8-15)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zoetermeer" title="Zoetermeer">Zoetermeer</a>, Netherlands (2005-7-14)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, Indonesia (2006-6-23)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mokpo" title="Mokpo">Mokpo</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Jeolla_Province" title="South Jeolla Province">South Jeolla</a>, South Korea (2007-7-25)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarasota,_Florida" title="Sarasota, Florida">Sarasota, Florida</a>, US (2007-11-9) (Sister City of Siming District)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon, Greece</a> (2009-1-2)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (2010-11-11)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_British_Columbia" title="Richmond, British Columbia">Richmond, British Columbia</a>, Canada (2012-4-27)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, Tajikistan (2013-6-20)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, France (2014-5-22)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Phuket" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuket">Phuket</a>, Thailand (2017-5-11)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Turkey (2018-1-18)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, Israel (2022-1-18)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, Ceará, Brazil (2023-5-12)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2023-9-19)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendly_exchange_cities">Friendly exchange cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: Friendly exchange cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ginowan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginowan">Ginowan</a>, Okinawa, Japan (1995-11-20)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyeongtaek" title="Pyeongtaek">Pyeongtaek</a>, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea (2002-8-27)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gwangyang" title="Gwangyang">Gwangyang</a>, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (2007-11-22)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a>, Spain (2008-7-18)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida, US (2010-11-12)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stolp_in_Pommern" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolp in Pommern">Stolp in Pommern</a>, Poland (2011-9-8)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, including Kelang, Malaysia (2011-10-18)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham</a>, Ontario, Canada (2012-7-22)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, Primorsky Krai, Russia (2013-4-23)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foz_do_Igua%C3%A7u" title="Foz do Iguaçu">Foz do Iguaçu</a>, Paraná, Brazil (2013-9-11)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>, Ida-Viru, Estonia (2015-10-20) (Friendly exchange city of Tong'an District)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a>, Baranya, Hungary (2017-5-25) (Friendly exchange city of Haicang District)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">Santiago Metropolitan Region</a>, Chile (2022-4-6)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a>, Ivory Coast (2022-7-25)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Metap%C3%A1n" title="Metapán">Metapán</a>, Santa Ana Department, El Salvador (2023-7-26)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, Kyrgyzstan (2023-9-9)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia (2024-5-13)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sister_ports">Sister ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: Sister ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-fao.xm.gov.cn_201508_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao.xm.gov.cn_201508-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Baltimore" title="Port of Baltimore">Port of Baltimore</a>, US (2002-3-1)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruhrort" title="Ruhrort">Port of Duisburg-Ruhrort</a>, Germany (2004-4-29)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chornomorsk" title="Port of Chornomorsk">Port of Chornomorsk</a>, Ukraine (2005-1-26)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Las_Palmas" title="Port of Las Palmas">Port of Las Palmas</a>, Spain (2005-3-25)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Mokpo" title="Port of Mokpo">Mokpo Newport</a>, South Korea (2006-9-6)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Pyeongtaek-Dangjin" title="Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin">Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin</a>, South Korea (2008-9-10)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gwangyang" title="Port of Gwangyang">Port of Gwangyang</a>, South Korea (2008-12-10)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Everglades" title="Port Everglades">Port Everglades</a>, US (2007-9-20)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Zeebrugge" title="Port of Zeebrugge">Port of Zeebrugge</a>, Belgium (2012-9-18)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a>, Malaysia (2015-10-28)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/PortMiami" title="PortMiami">PortMiami</a>, US (2016-8-29)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cork" title="Port of Cork">Port of Cork</a>, Ireland (2017-7-17)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Ports" title="Flinders Ports">Flinders Ports</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, Australia (2017-7-22)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_San_Antonio" title="Port San Antonio">Port San Antonio</a>, Chile (2019-3-)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Busan" title="Port of Busan">Port of Busan</a>, South Korea (2019-8-20)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Laem_Chabang_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Laem Chabang Port">Laem Chabang Port</a>, Thailand (2023-3-2)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Singapore" title="Port of Singapore">Port of Singapore</a>, Singapore (2023-8-1)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Long_Beach" title="Port of Long Beach">Port of Long Beach</a>, US (2024-6-12)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friendly_cooperation_ports">Friendly cooperation ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: Friendly cooperation ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source<sup id="cite_ref-fao.xm.gov.cn_201508_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao.xm.gov.cn_201508-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Penang" title="Port of Penang">Port of Penang</a>, Malaysia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Amsterdam" title="Port of Amsterdam">Port of Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Port of Buenos Aires">Port of Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Harbour" title="Wellington Harbour">Centreport Wellington</a>, New Zealand</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ventspils" title="Port of Ventspils">Port of Ventspils</a>, Latvia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Barcelona" title="Port of Barcelona">Port of Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Port_Authority" title="Virginia Port Authority">Port of Virginia</a>, US</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Taranto" title="Port of Taranto">Port of Taranto</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> Port of <a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Trieste" title="Port of Trieste">Port of Trieste</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_of_%C4%B0zmir" title="Port of İzmir">Port of İzmir</a>, Turkey</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formerly "Lower Gate" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">下門</span></span>); see Name section.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sh(y)ah-<span style="font-size:90%">MEN</span></i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠<span style="font-size:90%">MUN</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">厦门</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">廈門</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiàmén</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Ē-mn̂g</span></i>), also known as <b>Amoy</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɔɪ/: 'oi' in 'choice'">ɔɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">MOY</span></i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_Hokkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou Hokkien">Zhangzhou Hokkien</a> pronunciation, <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a>: <i><span lang="nan-Latn">Ē͘-mûi</span></i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nan-TW-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">[ɛ˨˩<span class="wrap"> </span>muĩ˩˧]</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The factory represented an investment of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">$</a>30,000 in <a href="/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a> and $20,000 in goods.<sup id="cite_ref-ohwell_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohwell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For 1870, 314 <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> and 240 other foreign ships cleared the port with <a href="/wiki/GBP" class="mw-redirect" title="GBP">£</a>1,144,046 of exports, apart from the domestic traders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had fallen to £384,494 by 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For 1870, 315 <a href="/wiki/UKGBI" class="mw-redirect" title="UKGBI">British</a> and 245 other foreign vessels entered the port with <a href="/wiki/GBP" class="mw-redirect" title="GBP">£</a>1,915,427 of imports, apart from the domestic traders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 1904, the figure was £2,081,494.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The estimate is very rough. Pitcher, writing a little later, placed the town's population at 60–100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-lies_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The churches bore the names "Sin-Koe-a" and "Tek-Chhiu-Kha".<sup id="cite_ref-lies_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lies-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/fujian/admin/">"China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hot+Terms+in+China%27s+Reform&rft.date=2008-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.cri.cn%2F3126%2F2008%2F10%2F31%2F53s419804.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsWilliamsPreston2021" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Toby; Williams, Ian; Preston, John (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03088839.2020.1802785">"The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification"</a>. <i>Maritime Policy & Management</i>. <b>48</b> (4): 530–542. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03088839.2020.1802785">10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225502755">225502755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Policy+%26+Management&rft.atitle=The+Southampton+system%3A+A+new+universal+standard+approach+for+port-city+classification&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=530-542&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03088839.2020.1802785&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225502755%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft.au=Williams%2C+Ian&rft.au=Preston%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F03088839.2020.1802785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall">"Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index"</a>. <i>www.nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=US+News+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings+in+Xiamen&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Fsearch%3Fcity%3Dxiamen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zgddc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zgddc_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF戴均良2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">戴均良 (2005). <bdi lang="zh">中国古今地名大词典</bdi>. 上海辞书出版社. p. 2855. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787532617432" title="Special:BookSources/9787532617432"><bdi>9787532617432</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8&rft.pages=2855&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9787532617432&rft.au=%E6%88%B4%E5%9D%87%E8%89%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1911_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1911"><i>EB</i> (1911)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChia2019" class="citation book cs1">Chia, Caroline (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GKR5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59"><i>Hokkien Theatre Across The Seas: A Socio-Cultural Study</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%8C%E7%A6%BB%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E7%9C%9F%E8%BF%91&rft.date=2002-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.china.com.cn%2Fchinese%2FChineseCommunity%2F138060.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"无标题文档"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger">the original</a> on 18 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A0%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%253DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/332697882_100199564#:~:text=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B42019%E5%B9%B48,%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BA%86100%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F%E3%80%82">"39.6°C！厦门气温历史最高纪录，整个厦门空调之外，全是桑拿_利奇马"</a>. <i>www.sohu.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sohu.com&rft.atitle=39.6%C2%B0C%EF%BC%81%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B0%94%E6%B8%A9%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95%EF%BC%8C%E6%95%B4%E4%B8%AA%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E7%A9%BA%E8%B0%83%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E5%85%A8%E6%98%AF%E6%A1%91%E6%8B%BF_%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87%E9%A9%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F332697882_100199564%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%25E5%258C%2597%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E6%2597%25B6%25E9%2597%25B42019%25E5%25B9%25B48%2C%25E6%2597%25B6%25E9%2597%25B4%25E6%258C%2581%25E7%25BB%25AD%25E4%25BA%2586100%25E5%2588%2586%25E9%2592%259F%25E3%2580%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWile" class="citation web cs1">Wile, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-10-least-polluted-cities-map-2013-2">"These 10 Cities Are Your Best Bet at Escaping China's Epic Pollution Problem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816144612/http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-10-least-polluted-cities-map-2013-2">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=These+10+Cities+Are+Your+Best+Bet+at+Escaping+China%27s+Epic+Pollution+Problem&rft.aulast=Wile&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fchinas-10-least-polluted-cities-map-2013-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+CMA%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%281991-2020%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">"Index" <bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Index+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+-+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA_old-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_old_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%881971%EF%BC%8D2000%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mherrera-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mherrera_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm">"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Temperatures+Around+the+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mherrera.org%2Ftemp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''EB''1878_23-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEB1878"><i>EB</i> (1878)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStruve1984" class="citation cs2">Struve, Lynn A. (1984), <i>The Southern Ming 1644–1662</i>, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 181</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Southern+Ming+1644%E2%80%931662&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Struve&rft.aufirst=Lynn+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohwell-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohwell_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohwell_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohwell_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohwell_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-backagain-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-backagain_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backagain_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-backagain_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1969" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Michael (1969). <i>British Trade and the Opening of China 1800–1842</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Trade+and+the+Opening+of+China+1800%E2%80%931842&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage194mode2up_173_ff]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage194mode2up_173_ff]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOuchterlony1844">Ouchterlony (1844)</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/194/mode/2up">173 ff</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poof-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poof_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poof_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poof_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOuchterlony1844">Ouchterlony (1844)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/198">175</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dammit-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dammit_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33">33</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage200mode2up_176]-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOuchterlony1844[httpsarchiveorgstreamchinesewaraccoun00ouchrichpage200mode2up_176]_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOuchterlony1844">Ouchterlony (1844)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich#page/200/mode/2up">176</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4thnot1st-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4thnot1st_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30">30</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lies-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lies_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lies_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lies_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lies_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27">27</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung2004" class="citation cs2">Cheung, David Yiqiang (2004), <i>Christianity in Modern China: The Making of the First Native Protestant Church</i>, Leiden, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8fxPHtinolgC&pg=PA205">205 ff</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity+in+Modern+China%3A+The+Making+of+the+First+Native+Protestant+Church&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=205+ff&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=David+Yiqiang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thatsnice-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thatsnice_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thatsnice_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thatsnice_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bees-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bees_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34">34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vamps-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vamps_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29">29</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-barren-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-barren_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-barren_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPitcher1893">Pitcher (1893)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25-IA2">25</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1843" class="citation cs2">Wright, G.N. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xiamenairport.com.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xiamenairport.com.cn%2Fgywm%2Fkgdt-open.aspx%3Fid%3D730%26name%3D%25E7%25A9%25BA%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E8%25B5%2584%25E8%25AE%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190717/201907/t20190717_5294675.htm"><bdi lang="zh">厦门成为我国主要国际中转城市_厦门日报电子报[厦门日报]_厦门网</bdi></a>. <i>epaper.xmnn.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724095048/http://epaper.xmnn.cn/xmrb/20190717/201907/t20190717_5294675.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=epaper.xmnn.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%B8%AD%E8%BD%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82_%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8A%A5%5B%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%5D_%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.xmnn.cn%2Fxmrb%2F20190717%2F201907%2Ft20190717_5294675.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/transport/mainland-connection/mainland-coaches/index.page">Mainland Coaches</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180508154704/https://www.hongkongairport.com/en/transport/mainland-connection/mainland-coaches/index.page">Archived</a> 8 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a>. Retrieved 8 May 2018. "Services are available at the Coach Station of Terminal 2 for travel to destinations such as [...] Xiamen via different cross-boundary land control points."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkyBus" class="citation web cs1">SkyBus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skybus.com.au/announcements/skybus-team-up-with-xiamenair-to-expand-reach-further-into-china">"SkyBus team up with XiamenAir to expand reach further into China"</a>. <i>SkyBus</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724095049/https://www.skybus.com.au/announcements/skybus-team-up-with-xiamenair-to-expand-reach-further-into-china">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SkyBus&rft.atitle=SkyBus+team+up+with+XiamenAir+to+expand+reach+further+into+China&rft.au=SkyBus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skybus.com.au%2Fannouncements%2Fskybus-team-up-with-xiamenair-to-expand-reach-further-into-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://readpaper.chinadaily.com.cn/EpaperStation/chinadaily/cndy/2019-01/02/content_37421479.htm">"Five more cities offer 144-hour visa-free transit"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+more+cities+offer+144-hour+visa-free+transit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freadpaper.chinadaily.com.cn%2FEpaperStation%2Fchinadaily%2Fcndy%2F2019-01%2F02%2Fcontent_37421479.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-China_Briefing_Business_Guide:_Emerging_Hotspots-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-China_Briefing_Business_Guide:_Emerging_Hotspots_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218223602/http://shopping.china-briefing.com/index_eproduct_view.php?products_id=21">"China Briefing Business Reports"</a>. Asia Briefing. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shopping.china-briefing.com/index_eproduct_view.php?products_id=21">the original</a> on 18 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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China Expat. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124030851/http://chinaexpat.com/article/2007/03/15/travel/chinas-50-best-websites-after-china-expat-course.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fao.xm.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E5%B8%8218%E4%B8%AA%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3%E5%90%8D%E5%BD%95&rft.date=2024-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffao.xm.gov.cn%2Frtnw%2Fcspyqgk%2Fyhgk%2F201508%2Ft20150818_1177101.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: General and cited sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2">Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Amoy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Amoy">"Amoy" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 1 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 748</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amoy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=748&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEB1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Amoy"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Amoy">"Amoy" </a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 1 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 878</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Amoy&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=878&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuchterlony1844" class="citation book cs1">Ouchterlony, John (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/chinesewaraccoun00ouchrich"><i>The Chinese War</i></a>. London: Saunders & Otley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Saunders+%26+Otley&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Ouchterlony&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fchinesewaraccoun00ouchrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitcher1893" class="citation book cs1">Pitcher, Philip Wilson (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2"><i>Fifty Years in Amoy or A History of the Amoy Mission, China</i></a>. New York: Reformed Church in America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785871498194" title="Special:BookSources/9785871498194"><bdi>9785871498194</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124173411/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8QIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+in+Amoy+or+A+History+of+the+Amoy+Mission%2C+China&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Reformed+Church+in+America&rft.date=1893&rft.isbn=9785871498194&rft.aulast=Pitcher&rft.aufirst=Philip+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK8QIAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNg1983" class="citation book cs1">Ng, Chin-Keong (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A04Y6rYnlikC"><i>Trade and Society: The Amoy Network on the China Coast, 1683–1735</i></a>. NUS Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9971690694" title="Special:BookSources/978-9971690694"><bdi>978-9971690694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade+and+Society%3A+The+Amoy+Network+on+the+China+Coast%2C+1683%E2%80%931735&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-9971690694&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=Chin-Keong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA04Y6rYnlikC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXiamen" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xiamen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xiamen">Xiamen</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Xiamen" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Xiamen">Xiamen</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Amoy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Amoy">Amoy</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hsia-men" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hsia-men">Hsia-men</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Xiamen#Q68744" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Xiamen">Xiamen</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.xm.gov.cn/">Xiamen Municipal People's Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116140501/http://english.xm.gov.cn/">Archived</a> 16 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/xiamen/">Xiamen, Fujian province – Your online guide to government services in China</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Xiamen" title="Template:Xiamen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Xiamen" title="Template talk:Xiamen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Xiamen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Xiamen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Xiamen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Xiamen Special Economic Zone">Xiamen Special Economic Zone</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Island" title="Xiamen Island">Xiamen Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District">Haicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an District">Xiang'an</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaqiao_University" title="Huaqiao University">Huaqiao University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_University" title="Jimei University">Jimei University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Academy_of_Arts_and_Design,_Fuzhou_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design, Fuzhou University (page does not exist)">Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design, Fuzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture_College_of_Huaqiao_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Language and Culture College of Huaqiao University (page does not exist)">Chinese Language and Culture College of Huaqiao University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University_of_Technology" title="Xiamen University of Technology">Xiamen University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Medical_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Medical College (page does not exist)">Xiamen Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_University_Tan_Kah_Kee_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College (page does not exist)">Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jimei_University_Chengyi_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jimei University Chengyi College (page does not exist)">Jimei University Chengyi College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Xiamen Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Huaxia_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Huaxia College (page does not exist)">Xiamen Huaxia College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_Nanyang_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen Nanyang College (page does not exist)">Xiamen Nanyang College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Shuangshi_High_School" title="Xiamen Shuangshi High School">Xiamen Shuangshi High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_No.1_Middle_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen No.1 Middle School (page does not exist)">Xiamen No.1 Middle School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Foreign_Language_School" title="Xiamen Foreign Language School">Xiamen Foreign Language School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_International_School" title="Xiamen International School">Xiamen International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Xiamen_International_School" title="Manila Xiamen International School">Manila Xiamen International School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achieve_Xiamen_International_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achieve Xiamen International School (page does not exist)">Achieve Xiamen International School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions <br /> and tourism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM_City_Xiamen" title="SM City Xiamen">SM City Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM_Lifestyle_Center" title="SM Lifestyle Center">SM Lifestyle Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Putuo_Temple" title="South Putuo Temple">South Putuo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulangyu_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millennium_Harbourview_Hotel_Xiamen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millennium Harbourview Hotel Xiamen (page does not exist)">Millennium Harbourview Hotel Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Fair_for_Investment_and_Trade" title="China International Fair for Investment and Trade">China International Fair for Investment and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_Forum" title="Straits Forum">Straits Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture <br /> and sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Marathon" title="Xiamen Marathon">Xiamen Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Diamond_League" title="Xiamen Diamond League">Xiamen Diamond League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_People%27s_Stadium" title="Xiamen People's Stadium">Xiamen People's Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Sports_Centre_Stadium" title="Xiamen Sports Centre Stadium">Xiamen Sports Centre Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Egret_Stadium" title="Xiamen Egret Stadium">Xiamen Egret Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Media_Group" title="Xiamen Media Group">Xiamen Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Gaoqi_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport">Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Xiang%27an_International_Airport" title="Xiamen Xiang'an International Airport">Xiamen Xiang'an International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XiamenAir" title="XiamenAir">XiamenAir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Xiamen" title="Port of Xiamen">Port of Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen Railway Station">Xiamen Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_North_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiamen North Railway Station">Xiamen North Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen_East_Railway_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen East Railway Station (page does not exist)">Xiamen East Railway Station</a></li> <li>AMTR (<a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Metro" title="Xiamen Metro">Xiamen Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiamen_BRT" title="Xiamen BRT">Xiamen BRT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoji_Causeway" title="Gaoji Causeway">Gaoji Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_Bridge" title="Xiamen Bridge">Xiamen Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicang_Bridge" title="Haicang Bridge">Haicang Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_Bridge" title="Jimei Bridge">Jimei Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinglin_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinglin Bridge (page does not exist)">Xinglin Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiang%27an_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiang'an Tunnel (page does not exist)">Xiang'an Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haicang_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haicang Tunnel (page does not exist)">Haicang Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiang%27an_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiang'an Bridge (page does not exist)">Xiang'an Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xiamen%E2%80%93Kinmen_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xiamen–Kinmen Bridge (page does not exist)">Xiamen–Kinmen Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tong%27an_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tong'an Tunnel (page does not exist)">Tong'an Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fujian_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fujian_topics" title="Template:Fujian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fujian_topics" title="Template talk:Fujian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fujian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fujian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fujian_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">PRC capital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">ROC capital</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fujian" title="Category:Fujian">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujian#History" title="Fujian">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian#Politics" title="Fujian">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian#Economy" title="Fujian">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Fujian" title="Category:Geography of Fujian">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiulong_River" title="Jiulong River">Jiulong River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_River_(Fujian)" title="Min River (Fujian)">Min River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyi_Mountains" title="Wuyi Mountains">Wuyi Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitan Island">Haitan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_River_(Fujian)" title="Jin River (Fujian)">Jin River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Fujian" title="List of universities and colleges in Fujian">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huaqiao_University" title="Huaqiao University">Huaqiao University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_University" title="Jimei University">Jimei University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University_of_Technology" title="Xiamen University of Technology">Xiamen University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan_University" title="Longyan University">Longyan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian_University" title="Putian University">Putian University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian#Culture" title="Fujian">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_culture" title="Hokkien culture">Hokkien culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_people" title="Hoklo people">Hoklo people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min Chinese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Hokkien" title="Written Hokkien">Written Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_architecture" title="Hokkien architecture">Hokkien architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Tulou" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Tulou">Hokkien earthen buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Fuzhou people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehua_porcelain" title="Dehua porcelain">Dehua porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian_ware" title="Jian ware">Jian ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoushan_stone_carvings" title="Shoushan stone carvings">Shoushan stone carvings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fujian" title="Music of Fujian">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_puppetry" title="Glove puppetry">Glove puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koa-%C3%A1_books" title="Koa-á books">Koa-á books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tale_of_the_Lychee_Mirror" title="Tale of the Lychee Mirror">Tale of the Lychee Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongfu_tea_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Gongfu tea ceremony">Gongfu tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_White_Crane" title="Fujian White Crane">Fujian White Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Kung_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog Kung Fu">Dog Kung Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazu" title="Mazu">Mazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poh_Seng_Tai_Tay" title="Poh Seng Tai Tay">Poh Seng Tai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui%27an_maidens" title="Hui'an maidens">Hui'an maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle-back_tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle-back tombs">Turtle-back tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakka people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakka architecture">Hakka architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koxinga" title="Koxinga">Koxinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian_people" title="Putian people">Putian people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_cuisine" title="Fujian cuisine">Fujian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien_mee" title="Hokkien mee">Hokkien mee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bak_kut_teh" title="Bak kut teh">Bak kut teh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banmian" title="Banmian">Banmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_jumps_over_the_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha jumps over the wall">Buddha jumps over the wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolong_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Oolong tea">Oolong tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanfang_Qixiang" title="Sanfang Qixiang">Sanfang Qixiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_Confucian_Temple" title="Fuzhou Confucian Temple">Fuzhou Confucian Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anping_Bridge" title="Anping Bridge">Anping Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Tulou" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Tulou">Fujian Tulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghua_Temple_(Putian)" title="Guanghua Temple (Putian)">Guanghua Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshan_Temple_(Zhangzhou)" title="Nanshan Temple (Zhangzhou)">Nanshan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsu (goddess)">Matsu pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Temple_(Quanzhou)" title="Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)">Kaiyuan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Putuo_Temple" title="South Putuo Temple">South Putuo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhushan_Power_Plant" title="Zhushan Power Plant">Zhushan Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juguang_Tower" title="Juguang Tower">Juguang Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Fujian" title="Category:Fujian">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fujian" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fujian">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Fujian_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fujian" title="Template:Fujian"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fujian" title="Template talk:Fujian"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fujian" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fujian"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Fujian_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Fujian" title="List of administrative divisions of Fujian">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Xiamen" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siming_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Siming District">Siming District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haicang District">Haicang District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Fujian Free-Trade Zone">Fujian Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huli District">Huli District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Fujian Free-Trade Zone">Fujian Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimei District">Jimei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiang'an District">Xiang'an District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level <br /> cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fuzhou" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Fuzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Fuzhou">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taijiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Taijiang District">Taijiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Cangshan District">Cangshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawei District">Mawei District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Fujian Free-Trade Zone">Fujian Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin%27an_District,_Fuzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin'an District, Fuzhou">Jin'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhou_County" title="Minhou County">Minhou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang_County" title="Lianjiang County">Lianjiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyuan_County" title="Luoyuan County">Luoyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minqing_County" title="Minqing County">Minqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongtai_County" title="Yongtai County">Yongtai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtan_County" title="Pingtan County">Pingtan County</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Free-Trade_Zone" title="Fujian Free-Trade Zone">Fujian Free-Trade Zone</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengxiang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengxiang District">Chengxiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjiang_District,_Putian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanjiang District, Putian">Hanjiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Putian" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Putian">Licheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuyu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiuyu District">Xiuyu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyou_County" title="Xianyou County">Xianyou County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meilie_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Meilie District">Meilie District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyuan District">Sanyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaxian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaxian District">Shaxian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingxi_County" title="Mingxi County">Mingxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingliu_County" title="Qingliu County">Qingliu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninghua_County" title="Ninghua County">Ninghua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datian_County" title="Datian County">Datian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youxi_County" title="Youxi County">Youxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangle_County" title="Jiangle County">Jiangle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taining_County" title="Taining County">Taining County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianning_County" title="Jianning County">Jianning County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Quanzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Quanzhou">Licheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengze_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengze District">Fengze District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luojiang_District,_Quanzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Luojiang District, Quanzhou">Luojiang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quangang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Quangang District">Quangang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui%27an_County" title="Hui'an County">Hui'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxi_County" title="Anxi County">Anxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongchun_County" title="Yongchun County">Yongchun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehua_County" title="Dehua County">Dehua County</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen County</a></i>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_District,_Zhangzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou">Xiangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longwen District">Longwen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai District">Longhai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changtai District">Changtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunxiao_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunxiao County">Yunxiao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangpu_County" title="Zhangpu County">Zhangpu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao%27an_County" title="Zhao'an County">Zhao'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongshan_County" title="Dongshan County">Dongshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_County" title="Nanjing County">Nanjing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghe_County" title="Pinghe County">Pinghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua%27an_County" title="Hua'an County">Hua'an County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianyang District">Jianyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanping District">Yanping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunchang_County" title="Shunchang County">Shunchang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucheng_County,_Fujian" title="Pucheng County, Fujian">Pucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangze_County" title="Guangze County">Guangze County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songxi_County" title="Songxi County">Songxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenghe_County" title="Zhenghe County">Zhenghe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinluo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinluo District">Xinluo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongding_District,_Longyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongding District, Longyan">Yongding District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changting_County" title="Changting County">Changting County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghang_County" title="Shanghang County">Shanghang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuping_County" title="Wuping County">Wuping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liancheng_County" title="Liancheng County">Liancheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiaocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaocheng District">Jiaocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouning_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Shouning County">Shouning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiapu_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiapu County">Xiapu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zherong_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Zherong County">Zherong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingnan_County,_Fujian" title="Pingnan County, Fujian">Pingnan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_County" title="Gutian County">Gutian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhouning_County" title="Zhouning County">Zhouning County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>¹ — Kinmen (Quemoy) is a county of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It is claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template talk:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economic_Development_Zones_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones" title="National Economic and Technological Development Zones">Economic Development Zones</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lujiazui_skyline,_Pudong,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai"><img alt="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/80px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/120px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/160px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Coastal Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_and_American_trade_in_Qing_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_trade_in_Imperial_China" title="Template:Foreign trade in Imperial China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_trade_in_Imperial_China" title="Template talk:Foreign trade in Imperial China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_trade_in_Imperial_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign trade in Imperial China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_and_American_trade_in_Qing_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European and American trade in <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_System" title="Canton System">Canton System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohong" title="Cohong">Cohong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Flint_(merchant)" title="James Flint (merchant)">James Flint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_China_Trade" title="Old China Trade">Old China Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Factories" title="Thirteen Factories">Thirteen Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese Hongs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ewo_(hong)" title="Ewo (hong)"> Ewo Hong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howqua" title="Howqua">Howqua</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hong_(business)" title="Hong (business)">Foreign Hongs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Heard_%26_Co." title="Augustine Heard & Co.">Augustine Heard & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Heard" title="Augustine Heard">Augustine Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Heard" title="Albert Heard">Albert Heard</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dent_%26_Co." title="Dent & Co.">Dent & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Dent" title="Lancelot Dent">Lancelot Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dent_(merchant)" title="John Dent (merchant)">John Dent</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dodwell_%26_Co." title="Dodwell & Co.">Dodwell & Co.</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibb,_Livingston_%26_Co." title="Gibb, Livingston & Co.">Gibb, Livingston & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bold_Gibb" title="Hugh Bold Gibb">Hugh Bold Gibb</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jardine_Matheson_%26_Co." title="History of Jardine Matheson & Co.">Jardine, Matheson & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jardine_(merchant)" title="William Jardine (merchant)">William Jardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Matheson" title="James Matheson">James Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abel_Smith" title="John Abel Smith">John Abel Smith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Magniac & Co. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Beale" title="Daniel Beale">Daniel Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beale" title="Thomas Beale">Thomas Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chay_Beale" title="Thomas Chay Beale">Thomas Chay Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollingworth_Magniac" title="Hollingworth Magniac">Hollingworth Magniac</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olyphant_%26_Co." title="Olyphant & Co.">Olyphant & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Olyphant" title="David Olyphant">David Olyphant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morrison_Olyphant" title="Robert Morrison Olyphant">Robert Morrison Olyphant</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_%26_Company" title="Russell & Company">Russell & Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bennet_Forbes" title="Robert Bennet Forbes">Robert Bennet Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cleve_Green" title="John Cleve Green">John Cleve Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Abbot_Low" title="Abiel Abbot Low">Abiel Abbot Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Low" title="William Henry Low">William Henry Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Russell" title="Samuel Russell">Samuel Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Sturgis_(1805%E2%80%931887)" title="Russell Sturgis (1805–1887)">Russell Sturgis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shewan,_Tomes_%26_Co." title="Shewan, Tomes & Co.">Shewan, Tomes & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shewan" title="Robert Shewan">Robert Shewan</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_%26_Co." title="David Sassoon & Co.">David Sassoon & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sassoon_(treasurer)" title="David Sassoon (treasurer)">David Sassoon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E.D._Sassoon_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="E.D. Sassoon & Co.">E.D. Sassoon & Co.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elias_David_Sassoon" title="Elias David Sassoon">Elias David Sassoon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Zexu" title="Lin Zexu">Lin Zexu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong#Imperial_China_era_(221_BC_–_1911_AD)" title="History of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macau" title="History of Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shanghai" title="History of Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68744#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68744#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68744#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4265486-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81080516">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00648195">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Xiamen (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0040960&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531820605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e614871e-3e71-451e-a1f3-ea55f2defb81">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044374">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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