CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c51cc8b1409c',cH: 'z.BTL96Oi1y.UFSUZ8rR1ifjeGrN6_J5MucKo4dgwA0-1739795230-1.2.1.1-APPUj_5FREELTYXOu6D0mvhZUSCJxPyz7Q47KLVZwldpYgeFzd8uTsCLgzZhvDSi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=food%20craving&__cf_chl_tk=I0zhK3Ovqw9zxfrQ6nKuZy...tLqWw0h_hRaflBE4.o-1739795230-1.0.1.1-ICB87Mc4Ns8Yb4fBD3nmE1yDIjc0WUhVh1YVYRgK47k",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795230',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=food%20craving&__cf_chl_f_tk=I0zhK3Ovqw9zxfrQ6nKuZy...tLqWw0h_hRaflBE4.o-1739795230-1.0.1.1-ICB87Mc4Ns8Yb4fBD3nmE1yDIjc0WUhVh1YVYRgK47k",md: "u248yszaAHaysoVTQRSLf8JXiFIpfirKZm4sJlcBWWQ-1739795230-1.2.1.1-VW7AhaOWxNrlnNGBt9dwYicWsPT2snuqRj34oO6.X9HX0WBcb57l2l2txFfW9XX_UhZk2pm6Fm561oC0RepNaNmLDpeQPxyOW5lKDSwvMv4UpD0iCZyDm1h_wMa9Thu_.XzbiTs8mHGRO.R7oG6IOkJ4a0m2YCA6NTusCxSx0lw6gc8HaQabQI7mOXkyif_xhHZP4pSDjvmHha6qAeU8BWqt9A2s0ZAMqgVhjAhcqUQMkhA_P9wT9iUKqgnmQkVDOaGOxew0yGzGYfegBOx4NJlHvHtpP8YX_eFbQnj_iJezLvh.5O6lCzzC6FIxxguoY2kNuaEPY_fOW9Qt1SOU0y.ioX_VOyT0rue_8VMiOQ87rm2rOANHeVml_Bdzz0eCOivMPPCxe1xbU8OTM8dYBebc.Q35Ta3PMrB3h7pS8_0BiYeW96IEewWtZlnGOMsHgXMHx2yNb8o_QVs3wVirzFSqZ42CbBiSnsVMx4GdF2XXa61.Bmg1jwc2nNou9ywJyD1xB_yFaAamB3EUB0zPY9W08g2CDQm315pmRNE71OhTdox7fYdDCSSeTMbQjLfN_nmBn.hUIYDXsJFOfivtC5234jWUrgc1a61js7yzCEKuytXuwD_A1suyzVP4lmC9KnWc.1kJjYBx9cOUG2Ze.cJdjiabgHkQ6MPf1XDK8B0WE3x2Qz4qg1svPxc.aPOPll6xaM9M3nu1sEqn3In59iU5u4ufunDtlpZsT4LU1byjcvzrBtyzRLucCvTylJcPlQasrhDqcSmXuoKUfgI7uxd6544sc.An6uFDD8EyOwjbUDQq831kOsrMqN869oa.wVv6lALxpm4aVMI3knM4.cHR2.Sv7PJZ22P.O7J21jRf4CJjzMqkkE0H1doSD8lsgUZFuuPqM3kStY0Ml8rq6N3R9.jsokx_y4f06n0Usw6mQHoq4_gX6WNTLsGonVOMByMVrWTPIhRKkLtrH3bn0VH4qCz3tBGcsGhSTjTfKiKkZxdYTx_KmOnCIUjkw.3KAhguBp2OqEzV5CewG0re06vTBjkRhQUVJqTlk1IYLvIVdrHXc0f1k2HUSW7AIZnAS0p3u8KJ0r3fXjQpgnLnehpIuBHj0RUUEHnP3P4zrwywaafUH5yMd6Whz9gCINBqJr3J_jWXIReJ6fTAPindOsyXQjuVMRK_HkC.89O1iVwEK8L7gm4QKOA3S1shclwVWPT4g6MC1Jo3Yj4EXESENORQKrkikRxeFx_tpujg1.3iwyql2OZIFgJIWU9yjTpaliRn.ydClv4vlUBaP8h071UTwmPhnXk0fiwSv3tWtOf285MMS1R5Qr2BlsXiXXJAdwM0yxlr5eMqU1EVXqOOkBNYrhgBpX4YQyOcJCMO.1fR36R567C8X81JYm5_AowjZtMPvQ3GXaWQB1LsrIY3PE_pwTQA7iK5.TTA71DLEmW5.B_tFDqkqLUJukn94UQfWwlmFq0oOOibnpF1h6q_jZZQ2V8mONyJ8ns_OCMaOIxQYl4.OYRQHRW0QY99uQoF.v7iCq2r_kLEEGPSNsiavIMO10OKSyPdR_ahbAR30n6bgiFFjpotW2THVmYZhFv36i_jRUcaFK5FGkKD8D88GqIrpVnwle0IaIHD89MGOwA9zV497lrDc_gWuCx6pagv2DeoZ4_K6i_Q03UcnDINAOT4_AA_L01fKX.MEc6vlhbTtJlFRK5nxp1lq7y_ljdlHLNiz1R48ynSjAwQdv.58nKZ6bEP5c2dr3pKZEZaF9M9Kr2ahz73EhXF4SkCDMWnY_6VA8xRdJCkE1hzUukQ4ELGJEtYb6DYVrSH7LL11XpBS4TeoUZ82UkeIazKX6cR6GxqEJJ5wSM7_RE_hOCXTsMQmjTv26zH12PaDVEeueMM4hGv6SVJduyWkWfwvBAAcmSqchdUnGwgAPLNwZ9sy0_QZRp7SeF9cLKwerbRrZE",mdrd: "xqYqHWO.g3g5dy3JoqzArkz6bi47Qb.hND.jRcJ7wf8-1739795230-1.2.1.1-Tn46Z5YCohg5On3cnUKCmENRR8NyX.0D587Sn978T3xqgb7l2rxnLUpLD_dhyg3f.xZIYOBRNCX_UbLf6cHElGNdt4Gkf3PJZGTqRbHI4pr6C5WRRw9n3V8TfYO92O9hHjsRYr4CIM8nK5U9E2hCPr66_H7khZ5C09rAd1.h3V3mnrEtrAhAkS_CvDl7svOFXeakbeFLV9ELV57Uoj12sbH.sFz5VZtVyYFDm64aAZQmVmmmzPDOONbuuFTC_qWuPMC7.f9fWnmvf0TgU7aZq0JNyStZmRIC8Pp.SxLdz_Z4GHw5UagjUdCQMS2lvGF4trXuZJlaxkAt0dRgiUr6mp72B4bXpzjtW_qz1yyUYqnOPz8mvEybm_n4JLngUYNJJpa92WpUalNMlNNmA1y4GpnokOOieN.K7oT5wvhD6XMt9LAMYP7llCMm3xwqjbarjUTfxeGWxkCmvoeazozgwM613QwQ62rXRXgvEDUEtrDMSTbzMO8anUti6ev4Q7XyrRljbSiV5CA0HkAabfpVBAGx55QbvA6AaQebE0obx.YyswrdXglKNyjcs2vVI5t.btUHgb6JUmXAVjIIE7bvFKvtnxTfAB1hmBJtOq3OW6LEbXhOQHQQmHT1MT4IAKjZ5Yzk0_q_j1EMxc0xpASqqBvHgZFj4cmujkBgXnBEnjjQpLKY_zQEaPdL4NtbkjMx8O5JptiB0wgLQSHYYppvVZjImh.yES4ek6dPpzX7BFvEyWnleiOKe2BdgVajL1jsl7Wgjk4GKlnQOx6X3mnYJ5PbRS1uPSOvxfy8Gd8fNCfNzonvtrBxLoGIbVyzw.BYwx6NLx.qiL_Q3f9YACVM53qmdwpyhEhi8ZJwy92B9EhVyEoIzPEEaXm.mKsXlx1GvYcXPY9e8oyS0D7nvWkf1l5rNJgamLnni08HbuDJXnZsOztOU0Tr1Q6EOHp.HgaKQT2fN.Uy8OoQIHoksPspDQ4Nrejjaub3HsEoYH.qNgNCxC.iReprtPFpMsaN0.BDmzO2YJ8wWhUexgBYnM0jy4bzhDaUDmp2xK.O27.6QELad9mlbfH3Cy6rOr..yFkcHcTiaH4AGA2_kRjFpf38uNuI4VvLwXBUACcnJK89Jt2jIIaR7cqjn7jgjA0qI11LmKnV4xie4J1qh7o3fwRKVfB7gbsdzI5uI2WUYcojquI_JxQaNckAutGuzHtkZNB5oUPeNmgiWeYPU8UWDa5fvCPxLk.LbNK2GuXrD1Kdw9KygWg1Bg2ijBb_mDPG6w_kXKYqin9rr_auLP_cz_Qprt9OUgO5kT5WLndd5MP5aOSDv_OdLE7KovyQK36gGLocQUaVUmWQe51QFR69cpqyXrh4CjwOqMCjsVAKUdbmZ4OIkCMyUc5pAMKziOpvmiKfGObT.xvmJr6lwTO7IqE0XNpDfH5uUKzipFQ31ola3w4sIAMSjRytl.5ikksFVsZF5fFqKHvAyz1C0DkTB0cu4PNf62T3q5GD8Z6Kb9jgFs4_b8qdA5p120EJpvw_f7yI2Bofb0bR3Hhm41DyBXYn7890uHOa1rHMTKwsJh0xf3ZCEEeGb2SaOaKtxSwATmo6CO8WVT.ZGbKHeGSfJJ8YGWs5qtV00Nad2a69E4dNsygkauLDESEGKcdlZktFwl0UkjrLtTCvyaaifYqTSaEfFdM67K92bmFqCOgxfIHwZ4y2BjzHfTdeZPraCr_FKINmJNeWR9htC0Jpq8wEMaQc6Wr5MJtSEJGqOmd5.dt1F7_155w3JU7GhhfE3qXwljMutaarvS.Lzx2yfykAjtL.V171.e4muSn6_ciMZs0_fM0OPsfTGRao3XPDQqBnjrIG.EpzEXB5lPZxhqBaWiwtLlXt13SavI31asvuLsDzAZ3Stb1.uI_1aJlyfMDCowRFj6b8G3EwHGyQLHoIwD09PakozxZkwKs.0iUpM_kXsmBv3lXslTIcYzwCFzKm2EKe3ZEBOqFBMgA.XdloFci8PJo.R1JkHaIOTHKq_35Ut_E"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c51cc8b1409c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=food%20craving&__cf_chl_rt_tk=I0zhK3Ovqw9zxfrQ6nKuZy...tLqWw0h_hRaflBE4.o-1739795230-1.0.1.1-ICB87Mc4Ns8Yb4fBD3nmE1yDIjc0WUhVh1YVYRgK47k" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>