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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Picts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Picts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Picts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Picts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-medieval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-medieval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Post-medieval</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-medieval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Public Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port_of_Inverness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port_of_Inverness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Port of Inverness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port_of_Inverness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Administrative history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>City status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Parliamentary representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Arts and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports and leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Inverness</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="إنفرنيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنفرنيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nverness" title="İnverness – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnverness" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="اینورنس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینورنس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Інвернес – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інвернес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Инвърнес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инвърнес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbhir_Nis" title="Inbhir Nis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Inbhir Nis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(kapital_sa_dapit_sa_konseho_sa_Hiniusang_Gingharian)" title="Inverness (kapital sa dapit sa konseho sa Hiniusang Gingharian) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inverness (kapital sa dapit sa konseho sa Hiniusang Gingharian)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Ινβερνές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινβερνές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="اینورنس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینورنس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(%C3%89cosse)" title="Inverness (Écosse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inverness (Écosse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbhir_Nis" title="Inbhir Nis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Inbhir Nis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbhir_Nis" title="Inbhir Nis – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Inbhir Nis" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbhir_Nis" title="Inbhir Nis – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Inbhir Nis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%B2%84%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="인버네스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인버네스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD" title="Ինվերնես – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինվերնես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Инвернесс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инвернесс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="אינוורנס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינוורנס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Инвернесс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инвернесс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invernesa" title="Invernesa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Invernesa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invernesas" title="Invernesas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Invernesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(Sk%C3%B3cia)" title="Inverness (Skócia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Inverness (Skócia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="انفرنيس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انفرنيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81" title="ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯅꯦꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯅꯦꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(Verenigd_Koninkrijk)" title="Inverness (Verenigd Koninkrijk) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Inverness (Verenigd Koninkrijk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9" title="インヴァネス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インヴァネス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="انورنس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انورنس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Инвернесс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инвернесс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerness" title="Innerness – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Innerness" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_(%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Инвернес (Шкотска) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инвернес (Шкотска)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness,_%C5%A0kotska" title="Inverness, Škotska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Inverness, Škotska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Инвернесс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инвернесс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="อินเวอร์เนสส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินเวอร์เนสส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Інвернесс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інвернесс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="اینورنس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اینورنس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(Skot%C3%A4n)" title="Inverness (Skotän) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Inverness (Skotän)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="因弗尼斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="因弗尼斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="אינווערנעס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינווערנעס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%96%87%E7%A6%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="延文禮士 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="延文禮士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Inverness" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverness_(Schotland)" title="Inverness (Schotland) – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Inverness (Schotland)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%A8%81%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF" title="印威內斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印威內斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.4778_N_4.2247_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°28′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°13′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.4778°N 4.2247°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.4778; -4.2247</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in the Highlands of Scotland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Scotland. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Inverness_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Inverness (disambiguation)">Inverness (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and administrative centre in Highland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Inverness</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Inbhir Nis</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>)</span> <br /><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">Innerness</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Inverness</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:158px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2009-07-16_Inverness,_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg/268px-2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg/402px-2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg/536px-2009-07-16_Inverness%2C_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="1766" /></a></span></div><div>Inverness skyline and the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style="border:1;;height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg/128px-Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg/192px-Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg/256px-Inverness_Castle_and_River_Ness_Inverness_Scotland_-_conner395.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2451" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness Castle</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div style="border:1;;height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg/136px-Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg/204px-Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg/272px-Inverness_Public_Library_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3421847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div><div>Public Library</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tollbooth_Steeple_(27411318711).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg/95px-The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg/143px-The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg/190px-The_Tollbooth_Steeple_%2827411318711%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Town_Steeple" title="Inverness Town Steeple">Inverness Town Steeple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div style="border:1;;height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg/169px-Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg/254px-Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg/338px-Kessock_Bridge_-_looking_from_North_Kessock_to_Inverness_-_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Kessock_Bridge" title="Kessock Bridge">Kessock Bridge</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Highland_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inverness is located in Highland"><img alt="Inverness is located in Highland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Highland_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Highland_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Highland_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Highland_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Highland_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Highland_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="1424" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.838%;left:66.854%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inverness"><img alt="Inverness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Inverness</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within the <a href="/wiki/Highland_council_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland council area">Highland council area</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inverness is located in Scotland"><img alt="Inverness is located in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Scotland_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.188%;left:54.468%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inverness"><img alt="Inverness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Inverness</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Scotland</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Scotland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inverness is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Inverness is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2083" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.352%;left:51.328%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inverness"><img alt="Inverness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Inverness</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United Kingdom</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United Kingdom</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inverness is located in Europe"><img alt="Inverness is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.389%;left:18.941%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Inverness"><img alt="Inverness" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Inverness</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.4778_N_4.2247_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°28′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">4°13′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.4778°N 4.2247°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.4778; -4.2247</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Council area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Parliament_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Parliament constituencies">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Skye_and_West_Ross-shire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions">Scottish Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Constituency: <a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Nairn_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness and Nairn (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Inverness and Nairn</a><br />Region: <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_(Scottish_Parliament_electoral_region)" title="Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region)">Highlands and Islands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">Historic county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sovereign state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">Before the 6th century AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Royal Charter</th><td class="infobox-data">C. 12th Century AD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status</th><td class="infobox-data">2000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_inverness_locality_area_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation_inverness_locality_area-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation_inverness_settlement_area_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation_inverness_settlement_area-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_localities_in_Scotland" title="List of census localities in Scotland">Locality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">24.3 km<sup>2</sup> (9.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Scotland_by_population#Settlements" title="List of towns and cities in Scotland by population">Settlement</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">31.3 km<sup>2</sup> (12.1 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-population_source_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population_source-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_localities_in_Scotland" title="List of census localities in Scotland">Locality</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">47,790</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Scotland_by_population" title="List of towns and cities in Scotland by population">12th, Scotland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Scotland_by_population#Settlements" title="List of towns and cities in Scotland by population">Settlement</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">63,730</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">81,968</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Language(s)<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">English</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Gaelic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Invernesian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/IV_postcode_area" title="IV postcode area">IV1-3</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01463</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Inverness</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/89\/Inverness.ogg\/Inverness.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Inverness.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/Inverness.ogg/Inverness.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness.ogg" title="File:Inverness.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">Innerness</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Inbhir Nis</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gd-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">[iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ]</a></span>, meaning "Mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a>") is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Scottish Highlands</a>, having been granted city status in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the administrative centre for <a href="/wiki/The_Highland_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="The Highland Council">The Highland Council</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is regarded as the capital of the Highlands. </p><p>Historically it served as the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Scotland">county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a>. Inverness lies near two important battle sites: the <a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th-century</a> battle of <a href="/wiki/Blar_Nam_Feinne" title="Blar Nam Feinne">Blàr nam Fèinne</a> against <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> which took place on <a href="/wiki/The_Aird" title="The Aird">the Aird</a>, and the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> which took place on <a href="/wiki/Culloden,_Highland#Battlefield_of_Culloden" title="Culloden, Highland">Culloden Moor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the northernmost city in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and lies within the <a href="/wiki/Great_Glen" title="Great Glen">Great Glen</a> (Gleann Mòr) at its northeastern extremity where the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a> enters the <a href="/wiki/Beauly_Firth" title="Beauly Firth">Beauly Firth</a>. At the latest, a settlement was established by the <a href="/wiki/6th_century" title="6th century">6th century</a> with the first royal charter being granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (<a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">King David I</a>) in the 12th century. Inverness and Inverness-shire are closely linked to various influential clans, including Clan Mackintosh, Clan Fraser and Clan MacKenzie.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Inverness grew from 40,969 in 2001 to 46,969 in 2012, according to <i>World Population Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greater Inverness area, including <a href="/wiki/Culloden,_Highland" title="Culloden, Highland">Culloden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westhill,_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Westhill, Inverness">Westhill</a>, had a population of 56,969 in 2012. In 2016, it had a population of 63,320.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness is one of Europe's fastest growing cities,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a quarter of the Highland population living in or around it.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Inverness was ranked fifth out of 189 British cities for its <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>, the highest of any Scottish city.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehistory_and_archaeology">Prehistory and archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prehistory and archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of what is known about Inverness's prehistory comes from archaeological work that takes place before construction/development work as part of the planning process. </p><p>Between 2009 and 2010, archaeological work in advance of the creation of <a href="/wiki/Flood_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood control">flood defences</a> to the south of the city at Knocknagael Farm by GUARD Archaeology discovered an <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> that showed humans had been living in the Inverness area from at least 6500 BC, the Late <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolithic Scotland">Mesolithic</a> period. That same site showed people living/working in the area from the mid-7th millennium BC into the Late Iron Age (1st millennium AD) with most activity taking place in the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_British_Isles" title="Neolithic British Isles">Early Neolithic</a> (4th millennium BC). The archaeologists also found a piece of flint from Yorkshire that showed that people in Inverness may have been trading with Yorkshire during the Neolithic.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1996 and 1997, CFA Archaeology (then part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>) undertook <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_excavation" title="Archaeological excavation">excavations</a> of crop marks in the west of Inverness in advance of the construction of a retail and business park. A <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Europe" title="Bronze Age Europe">Bronze Age</a> cemetery was discovered in 1996 and in 1997 the archaeologists found the remains of a Bronze Age settlement and an <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlement, with an ironsmith. It is one the earliest examples of iron smithing in Scotland. The Iron Age settlement had Roman brooches from the AD 1st–2nd centuries, indicating trade with the Roman Empire. Similarly, the Bronze Age site showed signs of metal production: finds included ceramic piece-moulds designed for the casting of Late Bronze Age leaf-shaped swords.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 93 troy ounces (2.89 kilograms) silver chain dating to 500–800 CE was found just to the south of Torvean, during the excavation of the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Canal" title="Caledonian Canal">Caledonian Canal</a>, in 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Inverness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/View_of_Inverness.jpg/220px-View_of_Inverness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/View_of_Inverness.jpg/330px-View_of_Inverness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/View_of_Inverness.jpg/440px-View_of_Inverness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Inverness at the end of the 17th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Picts">Picts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Picts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inverness was one of the chief strongholds of the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a>. In AD 569, it was visited by <a href="/wiki/St_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="St Columba">St Columba</a> with the intention of converting the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictish</a> king <a href="/wiki/Bridei_I_of_the_Picts" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridei I of the Picts">Brude</a>, who is supposed to have resided in the <a href="/wiki/Vitrified_fort" title="Vitrified fort">vitrified fort</a> on <a href="/wiki/Craig_Phadrig" title="Craig Phadrig">Craig Phadrig</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the western edge of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A church or a monk's cell is thought to have been established by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount, a mound close to the river, now the site of the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_St_Stephen%27s,_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Old High St Stephen's, Inverness">Old High Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and graveyard. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first royal charter was granted by Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (<a href="/wiki/David_I_of_Scotland" title="David I of Scotland">King David I</a>) in the 12th century. The Gaelic king Mac Bethad Mac Findláich (<a href="/wiki/Macbeth_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth of Scotland">MacBeth</a>) whose 11th-century killing of <a href="/wiki/Duncan_I_of_Scotland" title="Duncan I of Scotland">King Duncan</a> was immortalised in <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s largely fictionalised play <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>, held a castle within the city where he ruled as <a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Moray" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormaer of Moray">Mormaer of Moray and Ross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness Castle</a> is said to have been built by <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coluim_III_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Máel Coluim III of Scotland">Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) of Scotland</a>, after he had razed to the ground the castle in which Mac Bethad mac Findláich had, according to much later tradition, murdered Máel Coluim's father <a href="/wiki/Donnchad_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Donnchad I of Scotland">Donnchad (Duncan I)</a>, and which stood on a hill around 1 km to the north-east.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strategic location of Inverness has led to many conflicts in the area. Reputedly there was a battle in the early 11th century between Malcolm III and <a href="/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty" title="Thorfinn the Mighty">Thorfinn the Mighty</a> at Blar Nam Feinne, to the southwest of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness had four traditional fairs, including Legavrik or "Leth-Gheamhradh", meaning midwinter, and Faoilleach. <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of Scotland">William the Lion</a> (d. 1214) granted Inverness four charters, by one of which it was created a <a href="/wiki/Royal_burgh" title="Royal burgh">royal burgh</a>. Of the Dominican friary founded by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland" title="Alexander III of Scotland">Alexander III</a> in 1233, only one pillar and a worn knight's effigy survive in a secluded graveyard near the town centre.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg/220px-Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg/330px-Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg/440px-Inverness_from_A_Tour_in_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of Inverness from <i>A Tour in Scotland</i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pennant" title="Thomas Pennant">Thomas Pennant</a>, 1771.</figcaption></figure> <p>Medieval Inverness suffered regular raids from the Hebrides, particularly by the MacDonald <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_the_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords of the Isles">Lords of the Isles</a> in the 15th century. In 1187, one Dòmhnall Bàn (Donald Ban) led islanders in a battle at Torvean against men from Inverness Castle led by the governor's son, Donnchadh Mac an Tòisich (Duncan Mackintosh).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both leaders were killed in the battle, and Dòmhnall Bàn is said to have been buried in a large <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a> near the river, close to where the silver chain was found.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local tradition says that the citizens fought off the <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">Clan Donald</a> in 1340 at the Battle of Blairnacoi on Drumderfit Hill, north of Inverness across the <a href="/wiki/Beauly_Firth" title="Beauly Firth">Beauly Firth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RCAHMS_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCAHMS-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 14th-early 15 century, Inverness was a symbol of the Duke of Albany's power. On his way to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harlaw" title="Battle of Harlaw">Battle of Harlaw</a> in 1411, <a href="/wiki/Donald_of_Islay,_Lord_of_the_Isles" title="Donald of Islay, Lord of the Isles">Donald of Islay</a> took the town and burned the bridge over the River Ness. Sixteen years later, <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James I</a> held a parliament in the castle to which the northern chieftains were summoned, of whom three were arrested for defying the king's command. <a href="/wiki/Clan_Munro" title="Clan Munro">Clan Munro</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Clan_Mackintosh" title="Clan Mackintosh">Clan Mackintosh</a> in 1454 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clachnaharry" title="Battle of Clachnaharry">Battle of Clachnaharry</a> just west of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Clan_Donald" title="Clan Donald">Clan Donald</a> and their allies stormed the castle during the <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Ross" title="Raid on Ross">Raid on Ross</a> in 1491. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-medieval">Post-medieval</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Post-medieval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1562, during the progress undertaken to suppress Huntly's insurrection, <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, was denied admittance into <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness Castle</a> by the governor, who belonged to the earl's faction, and whom she afterwards caused to be hanged.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Clan_Munro" title="Clan Munro">Clan Munro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clan_Fraser_of_Lovat" title="Clan Fraser of Lovat">Clan Fraser of Lovat</a> took the castle for her.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The house in which she lived meanwhile stood in Bridge Street until the 1970s, when it was demolished to make way for the second Bridge Street development. </p><p>Beyond the then northern limits of the town, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> built a citadel capable of accommodating 1,000 men, but with the exception of a portion of the ramparts it was demolished at the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A clock tower today called Cromwell's Tower is located in the Citadel area of Inverness but was actually part of a former hemp cloth factory built c. 1765.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness played a role in the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1689" title="Jacobite rising of 1689">Jacobite rising of 1689</a>. In early May, it was besieged by a contingent of <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a> led by MacDonell of Keppoch. The town was actually rescued by <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Dundee" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Dundee">Viscount Dundee</a>, the overall Jacobite commander, when he arrived with the main Jacobite army, although he required Inverness to profess loyalty to <a href="/wiki/King_James_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King James VII">King James VII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1715 the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a> occupied the royal fortress as a barracks. In 1727 the government built the first <a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort George, Scotland">Fort George</a> here, but in 1746 it surrendered to the Jacobites and they blew it up.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Culloden,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Culloden, Scotland">Culloden</a> Moor lies nearby, and was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> in 1746, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745–46</a>. </p><p>In 1783, the year that saw the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cionneach_mac_Cionnich" title="Cionneach mac Cionnich">Cionneach mac Cionnich</a> (1758–1837), a poet from <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacKenzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Clan MacKenzie">Clan MacKenzie</a> who was born at Castle Leather near Inverness,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> composed the Gaelic poem <i>The Lament of the North</i>. In the poem, MacCionnich mocks the Highland gentry for becoming <a href="/wiki/Absentee_landlord" title="Absentee landlord">absentee landlords</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">evicting their tenants</a> en masse in favor of sheep, and of "spending their wealth uselessly", in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. He accuses King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> both of <a href="/wiki/Tyranny" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranny">tyranny</a> and of steering the <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship of state">ship of state</a> into shipwreck. MacCionnich also argues that truth is on the side of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> and that the Scottish Gaels would do well to emigrate to the New World before the King and the landlords take every farthing they have left.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rose_Street_drill_hall,_Inverness" title="Rose Street drill hall, Inverness">Rose Street drill hall</a> was completed in around 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 September 1921, the first <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">British Cabinet</a> meeting to be held outside London took place in the <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Town_House" title="Inverness Town House">Inverness Town House</a>, when <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, on holiday in <a href="/wiki/Gairloch" title="Gairloch">Gairloch</a>, called an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Ireland. The Inverness Formula composed at this meeting was the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness has experienced rapid economic growth in the 21st century - between 1998 and 2008, Inverness and the rest of the central Highlands showed the largest growth of average economic productivity per person in Scotland and the second-greatest growth in the United Kingdom as a whole, with an increase of 86%.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was awarded the Nicholson Trophy (class 2 category) for the best town with between 20,000 and 50,000 inhabitants at <a href="/wiki/Britain_in_Bloom" title="Britain in Bloom">Britain in Bloom</a> contest in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, a survey by a property website described Inverness as the happiest place in Scotland and the second-happiest in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness was again found to be the happiest place in Scotland by a study conducted in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residents of Inverness expressed their disapproval of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a>, known by the title "Earl of Inverness", following <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> allegations being made against him by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Giuffre" title="Virginia Giuffre">Virginia Giuffre</a>. In 2019, Inverness residents started a campaign to strip him of that title, stating that "it is inappropriate that Prince Andrew is associated with our beautiful city."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness,_Capital_of_the_Highlands_(40440582462).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg/220px-Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg/330px-Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg/440px-Inverness%2C_Capital_of_the_Highlands_%2840440582462%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4753" data-file-height="3449" /></a><figcaption>Inverness is often regarded as the Capital of the Highlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Inverness and its immediate hinterland have a large number of originally Gaelic place names, as the area was solidly Gaelic-speaking until the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Placename </th> <th>Original Gaelic </th> <th>English Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>Abertarff </td> <td>Obar Thairbh </td> <td>Mouth of the Bull River </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aldourie" title="Aldourie">Aldourie</a> </td> <td>Allt Dobhraig </td> <td>River of the Water </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allanfearn" title="Allanfearn">Allanfearn</a> </td> <td>An t-Àilean Feàrna </td> <td>The Alder Meadow </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ardconnel </td> <td>Àird a' Choin Ghil </td> <td>High Place of the White Dog </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aultnaskiach </td> <td>Allt na Sgitheach </td> <td>The Hawthorn River </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ballifeary" title="Ballifeary">Ballifeary</a> </td> <td>Baile na Faire </td> <td>The Guard's Farm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balloan </td> <td>Baile an Lòin </td> <td>Meadow Town </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balloch,_Highland" title="Balloch, Highland">Balloch</a> </td> <td>Baile an Locha </td> <td>Township near the loch </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balmore </td> <td>Baile Mòr </td> <td>The Big Township </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balnafettack" title="Balnafettack">Balnafettack</a> </td> <td>Baile nam Feadag </td> <td>Farm of the Plovers </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balvonie </td> <td>Bhaile a' Mhonaidh </td> <td>Village on the hill </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balvraid </td> <td>Baile a' Bhràghaid </td> <td>Township of the Brae </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beauly_Firth" title="Beauly Firth">Beauly Firth</a> </td> <td>Poll an Ròid </td> <td>Bay of the Cross </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ben_Wyvis" title="Ben Wyvis">Ben Wyvis</a> </td> <td>Beinn Uais </td> <td>High or lofty mountain / Mount Terror </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bogbain </td> <td>Bog Ban </td> <td>The White Marsh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bunchrew" title="Bunchrew">Bunchrew</a> </td> <td>Bun Chraoibh </td> <td>Foot of the Tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carnarc </td> <td>Càrn Airc </td> <td>The Sea Stone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Castle Heather </td> <td>Caisteal Leathoir </td> <td>Castle on the Slope </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charleston </td> <td>Baile Theàrlaich </td> <td>Tearlach's Town </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clachnaharry" title="Clachnaharry">Clachnaharry</a> </td> <td>Clach na h-Aithrigh </td> <td>Stone of Repentance </td></tr> <tr> <td>Craggie </td> <td>Cragaidh </td> <td>Rocky Place </td></tr> <tr> <td>Craig Dunain </td> <td>Creag Dùn Eun </td> <td>Rocky Bird Hill </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croftnacreich" title="Croftnacreich">Croftnacreich</a> </td> <td>Croit na Chrithich </td> <td>The Aspen Hut </td></tr> <tr> <td>Crown </td> <td>Crùn </td> <td>Crown </td></tr> <tr> <td>Croy </td> <td>Chrothaigh </td> <td>Hard Place </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Culcabock" title="Culcabock">Culcabock</a> </td> <td>Cùil na Càbaig </td> <td>Back of the Tillage Land </td></tr> <tr> <td>Culduthel </td> <td>Cuil Daothail </td> <td>Quiet northern spot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Culloden,_Highland" title="Culloden, Highland">Culloden</a> </td> <td>Cùil Lodair </td> <td>Nook of the Marsh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalcross_Castle" title="Dalcross Castle">Dalcross</a> </td> <td>Dealgros </td> <td>Prickle Point </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalneigh" title="Dalneigh">Dalneigh</a> </td> <td>Dail an Eich </td> <td>Field of the Horse </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dalmagarry </td> <td>Dail Mac Gearraidh </td> <td>The Meadow of Garry's son </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dell </td> <td>Dail MhicEachainn </td> <td>MacEachen's Meadow </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diriebught </td> <td>Tìr nam Bochd </td> <td>Land of the Poor </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dochfour </td> <td>Dabhach Phùir </td> <td>Davoch of Pasture Land </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dochgarroch" title="Dochgarroch">Dochgarroch</a> </td> <td>Dabhach Gairbheach </td> <td>Rough Davoch </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dores,_Highland" title="Dores, Highland">Dores</a> </td> <td>Dubhras </td> <td>Black Wood </td></tr> <tr> <td>Drumdevan </td> <td>Druim Dìomhain </td> <td>The Idle Ridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Drummond </td> <td>An Druimein </td> <td>The Ridge </td></tr> <tr> <td>Drumossie </td> <td>Druim Athaisidh </td> <td>Ridge of the Great Meadow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Essich" title="Essich">Essich</a> </td> <td>Easaich </td> <td>Place of the Stream </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inshes" title="Inshes">Inshes</a> </td> <td>Na h-Innseagan </td> <td>The Meadows </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inverness </td> <td>Inbhir Nis </td> <td>Mouth of the River Ness </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kessock </td> <td>Ceasaig </td> <td>(Saint) Ceasaig </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kilmuir </td> <td>Cille Mhoire </td> <td>Mary's Church </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kilvean </td> <td>Cill Bheathain </td> <td>Church of St.Bain </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kinmylies </td> <td>Ceann a' Mhìlidh </td> <td>The Warrior's Head </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lairgmore </td> <td>Luirg Mór </td> <td>Big slope </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leachkin" title="Leachkin">Leachkin</a> </td> <td>Leacainn </td> <td>Broad Hillside </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness" title="Loch Ness">Loch Ness</a> </td> <td>Loch Nis </td> <td>Headlands Lake </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lochardil" title="Lochardil">Lochardil</a> </td> <td>Loch Àrdail </td> <td>The Church Lake </td></tr> <tr> <td>Longman </td> <td>Long Mìn </td> <td>Field of the Ship / Ship Flat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkinch" title="Merkinch">Merkinch</a> </td> <td>Marc Innis </td> <td>The Horse Meadow </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Millburn,_Inverness" title="Millburn, Inverness">Millburn</a> </td> <td>Allt a'Mhuilinn </td> <td>The Mill River </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muckovie </td> <td>Mucamhaigh </td> <td>The Pig Field </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raigmore </td> <td>Rathaig Mhòir </td> <td>Big Fort </td></tr> <tr> <td>Resaurie </td> <td>Ruigh Samhraidh </td> <td>Summer Slope </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scaniport" title="Scaniport">Scaniport</a> </td> <td>Sganaphort </td> <td>Ferry by the Crack </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scorguie" title="Scorguie">Scorguie</a> </td> <td>Sgurr Gaoithe </td> <td>The Windy Hill </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slackbuie </td> <td>An Slag Buidhe </td> <td>The Yellow Hollow </td></tr> <tr> <td>Smithton </td> <td>Baile a' Ghobhainn </td> <td>Smiths' Town </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomatin" title="Tomatin">Tomatin</a> </td> <td>Tom Aitinn </td> <td>Hill of the Juniper </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomnahurich_Cemetery" title="Tomnahurich Cemetery">Tomnahurich</a> </td> <td>Tom na h-Iubhraich </td> <td>Hill of the Yew Trees </td></tr> <tr> <td>Torvean </td> <td>Tòrr Bheathain </td> <td>MacBean's Hill </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Several springs which were traditionally thought to have healing qualities exist around Inverness. <i>Fuaran Dearg</i>, which translates as the "Red Spring", is a <a href="/wiki/Chalybeate" title="Chalybeate">chalybeate</a> spring located near Dochgarroch. <i>Fuaran a' Chladaich </i>("The Spring on the Beach") near Bunchrew was once accessed by a causeway from the shore. Although submerged at high tide it continues to bubble and was traditionally known for treating cholera. <i>Fuaran Allt an Ionnlaid</i> ("Well of the Washing Burn") at Clachnaharry, where the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Montrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Montrose">Marquis of Montrose</a> was allowed to drink while on his way from his capture in Sutherland to his execution in Edinburgh, was known for treating skin conditions. Also at Clachnaharry, <i>Fuaran Priseag</i> ("The Precious Well") was said to have been blessed by Saint Kessock and could treat weak and sore eyes, as well as expelling evil and shielding curses if a silver coin was offered. <i>Tobar na h-Oige</i> ("Well of the Young") is located near Culloden and was known for curing all ailments. <i>Fuaran a' Chragan Bhreag</i> ("Well of the Speckled Rock") is located near Craig Dundain and <i>Fuaran na Capaich</i> ("The Keppoch Well") is located near Culloden.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness is also home to the Munlochy <a href="/wiki/Clootie_well" title="Clootie well">Clootie Well</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg/220px-Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg/330px-Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg/440px-Gaelic_preaspiration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="2461" /></a><figcaption>The use of <a href="/wiki/Preaspiration" title="Preaspiration">preaspiration</a> in different Scottish Gaelic dialects throughout the Highlands, from 1 (strong) to 6 (absent). Preaspiration was used in the dialect of Inverness Gaelic and is still evident in both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness today.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although a Gaelic name itself, <i>Craig Phadraig</i> is alternatively known as <i>Làrach an Taigh Mhóir</i>, or "the place of the Great house".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Gaelic place names are now largely obsolete due to the feature being removed or forgotten. <i>Drochaid an Easain Duibh</i> ("Bridge by the Small Dark Waterfall"), referred to in the tale <i>Aonghas Mòr Thom na h-Iubhraich agus na Sìthichean</i> ("Great Angus of Tomnahurich and the Fairies") has not yet been located within Inverness and <i>Slag nam Mèirleach</i> (meaning "Robbers' hollow"), adjacent to Dores Road in Holm is no longer in use. Until the late 19th century, four mussel beds existed on the delta mouth of the River Ness: <i>Scalp Phàdraig Mhòir</i> ("Scalp of Great Patrick"), <i>Rònach</i> ("Place of the Seals"), <i>Cridhe an Uisge</i> ("The Water Heart") and <i>Scalp nan Caorach</i> ("Scalp of the Sheep") – these mussel beds were all removed to allow better access for fishing boats and ships.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Allt Muineach</i> (The Thicket River) now runs underground between Culcabock Roundabout and Millburn Roundabout. <i>An Loch Gorm</i> (The Turquoise Loch), a small sea loch which was situated beside Morrisons supermarket, was filled in during the 19th century and lives on only in the name of Lochgorm Warehouse. Abban Street stems from the word <i>àban</i>, a word of local Gaelic dialect meaning a small channel of water. </p><p>Many prominent points around Inverness retain fully Gaelic names. </p> <ul><li>Beinn Bhuidhe Bheag – "Little Yellow Hill"</li> <li>Beinn Uan – "Lamb Hill"</li> <li>Cnoc na Mòine – "The Peat Hill"</li> <li>Cnoc na Gaoithe – "The Hill of the Wind"</li> <li>Cnoc an t-Seòmair – "The Hill of the Room"</li> <li>Creag Liath – "Grey Crag"</li> <li>Creag nan Sidhean – "The Crag of the Fairies"</li> <li>Doire Mhòr – "Great Oakwood"</li> <li>Carn a' Bhodaich – "The Old Man's Cairn"</li> <li>Meall Mòr – "Great Hill"</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>In the colonial period, a Gaelic-speaking settlement named <a href="/wiki/Darien,_Georgia" title="Darien, Georgia">New Inverness</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/McIntosh_County,_Georgia" title="McIntosh County, Georgia">McIntosh County, Georgia</a>, by settlers from in and around Inverness. The name was also given by expatriates to settlements in <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Quebec" title="Inverness, Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Nova_Scotia" title="Inverness, Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Montana" title="Inverness, Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Florida" title="Inverness, Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Illinois" title="Inverness, Illinois">Illinois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_California" title="Inverness, California">California</a>. The name Inverness is also given to a feature on <a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a>, a moon of the planet Uranus, as well as a 2637 m tall mountain in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness is also known by its nicknames <i>Inversnecky</i> or <i>The Sneck</i>, with its inhabitants traditionally known as <i>Clann Na Cloiche</i> ("Children of the Stone" in Gaelic) owing to the importance of the Clach Na Cudainn stone in the city's history. This large flat stone is now located outside the town hall, by the historic Mercat Cross. The stone was originally at the river Ness, where the towns women took their laundry. They would rest their tubs on the stone, thus it became known as the stone of the tubs - 'clach na cudainn'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Greater Inverness </th> <th>Inverness </th></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>65,210<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>47,820<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>64,350<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>47,380<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>63,220<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>47,290<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>59,910<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>46,870<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>57,960<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>45,050<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>56,660<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>44,220<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>54,070<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>42,400<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>52,530<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40,880<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>51,610<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40,470<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>46,944<sup id="cite_ref-nrscotland2001_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrscotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40,949<sup id="cite_ref-nrscotland2001_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrscotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>44,903<sup id="cite_ref-nrscotland2001_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrscotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>40,918<sup id="cite_ref-nrscotland2001_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrscotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>43,246 </td> <td>40,011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td> </td> <td>34,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td> </td> <td>29,774 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td> </td> <td>28,107 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881 </td> <td> </td> <td>17,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871 </td> <td> </td> <td>14,469 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861 </td> <td> </td> <td>12,509 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841 </td> <td> </td> <td>10,663 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831 </td> <td> </td> <td>14,324 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821 </td> <td> </td> <td>12,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1811 </td> <td> </td> <td>10,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1801 </td> <td> </td> <td>8,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1791 </td> <td> </td> <td>7,930 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Records_of_Scotland" title="National Records of Scotland">National Records of Scotland</a> define Inverness as the urban area west of the A9. To produce a greater Inverness figure including the villages of <a href="/wiki/Balloch,_Highland" title="Balloch, Highland">Balloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culloden,_Highland" title="Culloden, Highland">Culloden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithton,_Highland" title="Smithton, Highland">Smithton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westhill,_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Westhill, Inverness">Westhill</a>, it is necessary to aggregate NRS figures for each locality.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inverness is situated at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a> (which flows from nearby <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness" title="Loch Ness">Loch Ness</a>) and at the south-western extremity of the <a href="/wiki/Moray_Firth" title="Moray Firth">Moray Firth</a>. The city lies at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Glen" title="Great Glen">Great Glen</a> with Loch Ness, Loch Ashie and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Duntelchaig" title="Loch Duntelchaig">Loch Duntelchaig</a> to the west. Inverness's <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Canal" title="Caledonian Canal">Caledonian Canal</a> also runs through the Great Glen, connecting Loch Ness, <a href="/wiki/Loch_Oich" title="Loch Oich">Loch Oich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loch_Lochy" title="Loch Lochy">Loch Lochy</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ness_Islands" title="Ness Islands">Ness Islands</a>, a publicly owned park, consists of two wooded islands connected by footbridges and has been used as a place of recreation since the 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Craig_Phadrig" title="Craig Phadrig">Craig Phadraig</a>, once an ancient Gaelic and Pictish hillfort, is a 240 m (790 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hill which offers hikes on a clear pathway through the wooded terrain. </p><p>Inverness lies on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Glen_Fault" title="Great Glen Fault">Great Glen Fault</a>. There are minor earthquakes, usually unnoticed by locals, about every 3 years. The last earthquake to affect<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness was in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness-pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Inverness-pano.jpg/780px-Inverness-pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="780" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Inverness-pano.jpg/1170px-Inverness-pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Inverness-pano.jpg/1560px-Inverness-pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Inverness looking downstream to the Greig St Bridge with Huntly Street (left), the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a> and Bank Street (right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg/780px-Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="780" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg/1170px-Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg/1560px-Inverness_Moray_Firth_Panorama_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="15797" data-file-height="3309" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Inverness from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Isle" title="Black Isle">Black Isle</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Moray_Firth" title="Moray Firth">Moray Firth</a> to the left and <a href="/wiki/Kessock_Bridge" title="Kessock Bridge">Kessock Bridge</a> in the centre</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, Inverness has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate here is cooler than in more southerly parts of Britain. The highest temperature recorded was 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) in July 2006 and June 2018, and the lowest temperature recorded was −18.7 °C (−1.7 °F) in January 2010. Typically, the warmest day of the year rises to around 25 °C (77 °F) and the coldest night falls to around −11 °C (12 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate in this area is characterised by relatively small differences between annual high and low temperatures, as well as adequate rainfall year-round. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Inverness, elevation: 13 m (43 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.7<br />(85.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.7<br />(−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.8<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.1<br />(24.6) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.8<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.7<br />(−1.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2<br />(3.00) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.6<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1<br />(2.21) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.8<br />(2.87) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">755.0<br />(29.72) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">147.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #494949; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.1 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.9 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.6 </td> <td style="background: #C2C214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.8 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.8 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.2 </td> <td style="background: #969696; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #626262; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.2 </td> <td style="background: #323232; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27.7 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF86; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,249.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><sup id="cite_ref-Met_Averages_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute">KNMI</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raigmore_Hospital" title="Raigmore Hospital">Raigmore Hospital</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clinical_Research_Facility" title="Highland Clinical Research Facility">Highland Clinical Research Facility</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Raigmore_Hospital" title="Raigmore Hospital">Raigmore Hospital</a> is the main hospital in Inverness and the entire Highland region.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present hospital opened in 1970, replacing wartime wards dating from 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raigmore is a teaching hospital for the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a>. A Centre for Health Science (CfHS) is located behind the hospital. This is funded by <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_Enterprise" title="Highlands and Islands Enterprise">Highlands and Islands Enterprise</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>. Phase I of this opened in early 2007, with phase II and phase III housing The Diabetes Institute opening in 2009. The University of Stirling moved its nursing and midwifery teaching operations from Raigmore Hospital to the CfHS. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a> also has strong links with the Centre through its Faculty of Health. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy of Scotland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Scotland" title="Economic history of Scotland">Economic history of Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_(low_tide)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_Inverness_harbour_%28low_tide%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1143277.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Entrance into Inverness <a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">harbour</a> during low tide</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the traditional industries such as <a href="/wiki/Distilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilling">distilling</a> have been replaced by high-tech businesses, such as the design and manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> diagnostic kits (by <a href="/wiki/LifeScan" title="LifeScan">LifeScan</a>). <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_Enterprise" title="Highlands and Islands Enterprise">Highlands and Islands Enterprise</a> has principally funded the Centre for Health Science to attract more businesses in the medical and medical devices business to the area.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness is home to <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Natural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Natural Heritage">Scottish Natural Heritage</a> following that body's relocation from Edinburgh under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>'s decentralisation strategy. SNH provides a large number of jobs in the area. </p><p>Inverness City Centre lies on the east bank of the river and is linked to the west side of the town by three road bridges – Ness Bridge, Friars Bridge and the Black (or Waterloo) Bridge – and by one of the town's suspension foot bridges, the <a href="/wiki/Greig_Street_Bridge" title="Greig Street Bridge">Greig Street Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional city centre was a triangle bounded by High Street, Church Street and Academy Street, within which Union Street and Queensgate are cross streets parallel to High Street. Between Union Street and Queensgate is the Victorian Market, which contains a large number of small shops.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main <a href="/wiki/Inverness_railway_station" title="Inverness railway station">Inverness railway station</a> is almost directly opposite the Academy Street entrance to the Market. From the 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Eastgate_Shopping_Centre_(Inverness)" title="Eastgate Shopping Centre (Inverness)">Eastgate Shopping Centre</a> was developed to the east of High Street, with a substantial extension being completed in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg/220px-University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg/330px-University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg/440px-University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands_-_Inverness_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5996623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inverness_College" title="Inverness College">Inverness College</a>, a partner institution of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city has a number of different education providers. Inverness is catered for by about a dozen primary schools including <a href="/wiki/Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis" title="Bun-sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis">Bun-sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis</a>, a specialised institution situated at Slackbuie. There are five secondary schools: <a href="/wiki/Inverness_High_School" title="Inverness High School">Inverness High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Royal_Academy" title="Inverness Royal Academy">Inverness Royal Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charleston_Academy" title="Charleston Academy">Charleston Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millburn_Academy" title="Millburn Academy">Millburn Academy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culloden_Academy" title="Culloden Academy">Culloden Academy</a>. Additionally there is <a href="/wiki/Inverness_College" title="Inverness College">Inverness College</a> UHI which offers further and higher education courses to those of school leaving age and above. The city also has a new Centre for Health Sciences adjacent to Raigmore Hospital. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inverness_College" title="Inverness College">Inverness College</a> is situated in the city and is a part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and Islands</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Federated_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Federated school">federation</a> of 15 <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Research_institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Research institution">research institutions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlands and Islands area">Highlands and Islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> delivering <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With around 8,420 students, Inverness College hosts around a quarter of all the University of the Highlands and Islands' students, and 30% of those studying to degree level.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015 the college moved to a new campus to the East of the A9. The original outline planning application forms a vision for the development over the next thirty years. The application includes: </p> <ul><li>Academic buildings – up to 70,480 m<sup>2</sup></li> <li>Business and incubation units – up to 49,500 m<sup>2</sup></li> <li>Indoor sports complex – up to 9,000 m<sup>2</sup></li> <li>Student and other short term residences – 44,950 m<sup>2</sup></li> <li>Associated landscape, open space, outdoor recreation, infrastructure and services necessary to support the development phases</li> <li>Up to 200 residential units</li> <li>A social enterprise-run hotel<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School,_Montague_Row,_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg/220px-Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg/330px-Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg/440px-Art_Deco_Inverness_High_School%2C_Montague_Row%2C_Inverness_-_geograph.org.uk_-_884780.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Art_deco" class="mw-redirect" title="Art deco">Art deco</a> inspired building of <a href="/wiki/Inverness_High_School" title="Inverness High School">Inverness High School</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 80-hectare (200-acre) campus at Beechwood, just off the A9 east of Inverness, is considered to be one of the most important developments for the region over the next 20 years. The principal of UHI, James Fraser, said: "This is a flagship development which will provide Inverness with a university campus and vibrant student life. It will have a major impact on the city and on the Highlands and Islands. UHI is a partnership of colleges and research centres throughout the region, and the development of any one partner brings strength to the whole institution."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is estimated that the new campus would contribute more than £50m to the economy of the Highlands because it could attract innovative commercial businesses interested in research and development, while increasing the number of students who study within the city by around 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_network">Road network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg/220px-Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg/330px-Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg/440px-Kessock_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1235341.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kessock_Bridge" title="Kessock Bridge">Kessock Bridge</a> carries the <a href="/wiki/A9_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A9 road (Great Britain)">A9</a> trunk road across the <a href="/wiki/Beauly_Firth" title="Beauly Firth">Beauly Firth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Inverness is linked to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Isle" title="Black Isle">Black Isle</a> across the Moray Firth by the <a href="/wiki/Kessock_Bridge" title="Kessock Bridge">Kessock Bridge</a>. Three <a href="/wiki/Trunk_road" title="Trunk road">trunk roads</a> link Inverness with the rest of Scotland – the <a href="/wiki/A9_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A9 road (Great Britain)">A9</a> north to Thurso and Wick, and south to Perth (carrying <a href="/wiki/European_route_E15" title="European route E15">European Route E15</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/A82_road" title="A82 road">A82</a> to Glasgow via Fort William and the <a href="/wiki/A96_road_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A96 road (Great Britain)">A96</a> to Elgin and Aberdeen. Plans are in place to convert the A96 between Inverness and <a href="/wiki/Nairn" title="Nairn">Nairn</a> to a dual carriageway and to construct a southern bypass that would link the A9, A82 and A96 together involving crossings of the Caledonian Canal and the River Ness in the Torvean area, southwest of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bypass, known as the <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Trunk_Road_Link" title="Inverness Trunk Road Link">Inverness Trunk Road Link</a> (TRL), is aimed at resolving Inverness's transport problems and has been split into two separate projects, the east and west sections. </p><p>In late 2008 the controversial decision by the Scottish Government not to include the full Inverness bypass in its transport plan for the next 20 years was made. The government's Strategic Transport Projects Review did include the eastern section of the route, which will see the A9 at Inshes linked to the A96. The absence of the TRL's western section, which would include a permanent crossing over the Caledonian Canal and River Ness, sparked dismay among several Highland councillors and business leaders in Inverness who feel the bypass is vital for the city's future economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately both sections received funding from the Inverness and Highland city-region deal.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Downie_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downie-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern section now also includes a commitment to upgrade the Longman Roundabout to a grade separated interchange.<sup id="cite_ref-Downie_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downie-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg/220px-Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg/330px-Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg/440px-Eastgate_Centre_from_Millburn_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_934823.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Cars passing through Millburn Road in Inverness</figcaption></figure> <p>The east section will bypass Inshes Roundabout, a notorious traffic bottleneck, using a new road linking the existing Southern Distributor with the A9 and the A96, both via grade separated interchanges. This proposed new link road would separate strategic traffic from local traffic. It will also accommodate the proposed developments at Inverness Shopping Park, West Seafield Business Park, Inverness Campus and housing developments at Ashton Farm, Stratton and Culloden West.<sup id="cite_ref-Inverness_East_Development_Brief_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inverness_East_Development_Brief-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An indicative timescale for completion of this section is the dualling of the A96 from Inverness to Nairn.<sup id="cite_ref-Inverness_East_Development_Brief_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inverness_East_Development_Brief-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The west section is intended to provide an alternate route connecting the A9 with the A82. This will bypass the city centre by providing additional crossings of the River Ness and Caledonian Canal. At the west end, two options for crossing the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Canal" title="Caledonian Canal">Caledonian Canal</a> were developed. One involving a high level vertical opening <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridge</a> which will allow the majority of <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canal</a> traffic to pass under without the need for opening. The other involved a bridge over the river and an <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)">aqueduct</a> under the canal. Both of these designs are technically complex and were considered in detail along by the key stakeholders involved in the project. </p><p>Ultimately it was decided that a bridge would be constructed over the River Ness and a second swing bridge be constructed over the Caledonian Canal. This second swing bridge would operate in tandem with the current swing bridge enabling a constant flow of traffic. The works started on site on the 10 June 2019 and include a roundabout, realignment of General Booth Road onto the A82, and a second bridge across the Caledonian Canal.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The works were programmed to be complete in December 2020. However, due to a number of construction delays the section was opened in August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Inverness_Road_(the_A82)_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg/220px-The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg/330px-The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg/440px-The_Inverness_Road_%28the_A82%29_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3399120.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>The section leading to Inverness of the <a href="/wiki/A82_road" title="A82 road">A82 road</a>, dubbed "The Inverness Road"</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 2008 the Scottish Government's transport plan for the next 20 years was announced. It brings forward planned improvements to the <a href="/wiki/A9_road_(Scotland)" title="A9 road (Scotland)">A9</a> in an attempt to stimulate the economy and protect jobs. Work costing a total of £8.5 million was undertaken at <a href="/wiki/Moy,_Highland" title="Moy, Highland">Moy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrbridge" title="Carrbridge">Carrbridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bankfoot" title="Bankfoot">Bankfoot</a>. Northbound overtaking lanes were created and the carriageway was reconstructed at both Moy and Carrbridge. Junction improvements were also made at Moy. In November 2011 the Scottish Government announced that it will <a href="/wiki/A9_dualling_project" title="A9 dualling project">upgrade the entire road from Perth to Inverness</a> to dual carriageway. Work on this project is expected to start in 2015 ws scheduled to be completed in 2025, at a cost of £3 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2023, this project was announced to be an impossible deadline, with a mere 11 miles having been dualled since it was announced in 2011, to severe uproar from people across the Highlands, as well as neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Moray" title="Moray">Moray</a>, subsequently, the project was extended by a further 10 years to 2035, with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a> stating that the A9 had to be dualled north of Inverness to <a href="/wiki/Nigg,_Highland" title="Nigg, Highland">Nigg</a> in order to assist with the UK Government's "<a href="/wiki/Levelling-up_policy_of_the_British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Levelling-up policy of the British government">Levelling Up</a>" programme at the port. </p><p>In July 2013, the Scottish Government announced a plan to install average speed cameras on the A9 between Perth and Inverness. This has been undertaken with an aim to reduce accidents and fatalities on the road, and will be the second permanent average speed camera scheme in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of October 2021, 2 sections of the upgraded route have been opened.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2021 the procurement process for the Tomatin to Moy section was started. Once this section is completed, there will be 20 miles (32 km) of continuous dual carriageway south of Inverness.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2011, The Scottish Government announced its intention to dual the A96 between Inverness and Aberdeen.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project will include upgrading the remaining 86 miles (138 km) of single carriageway along the route to dual carriageway at a cost of £3 billion. The first section to be dualled will be the section between Inverness and <a href="/wiki/Auldearn" title="Auldearn">Auldearn</a>. This will include a bypass of <a href="/wiki/Nairn" title="Nairn">Nairn</a> and the construction of a number of <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(road)" title="Interchange (road)">grade separated interchanges</a> along the route.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_Transport">Public Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg/220px-Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg/330px-Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg/440px-Inverness_Bus_Station_-_geograph.org.uk_-_467841.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inverness_bus_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness bus station">Inverness bus station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Inverness bus station is situated at Farraline Park and can be accessed from Academy Street and Margaret Street. The bus station is managed by <a href="/wiki/The_Highland_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="The Highland Council">The Highland Council</a> and is a short walk away from the <a href="/wiki/Inverness_railway_station" title="Inverness railway station">Inverness railway station</a> and the main shopping area. Permission was granted to demolish the existing bus station in 2000. It was then replaced with a new terminal building in the early 2000s. The bus station's main operators include <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_in_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagecoach in Inverness">Stagecoach in Inverness</a> and Stagecoach in Lochaber. Buses operate from the bus station around the town of Inverness and to <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Airport" title="Inverness Airport">Inverness Airport</a> and to places as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Scotland" title="Fort William, Scotland">Fort William</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ullapool" title="Ullapool">Ullapool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurso" title="Thurso">Thurso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Megabus_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabus (United Kingdom)">Megabus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Citylink" title="Scottish Citylink">Scottish Citylink</a> operate a regular coach service to the Scotland's capital <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> with connections to <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> at <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express Coaches</a> operate an overnight service from Inverness to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">London (Victoria)</a> via Edinburgh taking 15 hours 5 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Highlands" title="Stagecoach Highlands">Stagecoach Highlands</a> is the division of the <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Group" title="Stagecoach Group">Stagecoach Group</a> which covers most of the former Rapson Group operations after the take-over by Stagecoach. It covers the following depots of the Stagecoach Group. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Scotland" title="Fort William, Scotland">Fort William</a> (Ardgour Road, Caol) (t/a Stagecoach in Lochaber)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall" title="Kirkwall">Kirkwall</a> (Scott's Road Hatston Industrial Estate) (t/a Stagecoach in Orkney)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portree" title="Portree">Portree</a> (Park Road) (t/a Stagecoach in Skye)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurso" title="Thurso">Thurso</a> (Janet Street) (t/a Stagecoach in Caithness)</li></ul> <p>There are various <a href="/wiki/Outstation_(bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstation (bus)">outstations</a> over the division area due to the rural nature of the area covered. The operation from <a href="/wiki/Aviemore" title="Aviemore">Aviemore</a> depot comes under the East Scotland division as it trades as <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_in_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagecoach in Inverness">Stagecoach in Inverness</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/ScotRail" title="ScotRail">ScotRail</a> services connect <a href="/wiki/Inverness_railway_station" title="Inverness railway station">Inverness railway station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Perth_railway_station,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth railway station, Scotland">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Waverley_railway_station" title="Edinburgh Waverley railway station">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Queen_Street_railway_station" title="Glasgow Queen Street railway station">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_railway_station" title="Aberdeen railway station">Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thurso_railway_station" title="Thurso railway station">Thurso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wick_railway_station" title="Wick railway station">Wick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyle_of_Lochalsh_railway_station" title="Kyle of Lochalsh railway station">Kyle of Lochalsh</a>. Inverness is connected to <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a> by the <i><a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Sleeper" title="Caledonian Sleeper">Caledonian Sleeper</a></i>, which departs six times a week, and by the <a href="/wiki/London_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London North Eastern Railway">London North Eastern Railway</a>-operated <i><a href="/wiki/Highland_Chieftain" title="Highland Chieftain">Highland Chieftain</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London King's Cross</a>, which runs daily.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Airport_railway_station" title="Inverness Airport railway station">Inverness Airport station</a>, opened in 2023, serves the city's airport, and is served by services between Inverness and Aberdeen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_airport_(41461531092).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg/220px-Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg/330px-Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg/440px-Inverness_airport_%2841461531092%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3928" data-file-height="1744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Airport" title="Inverness Airport">Inverness Airport</a>, the city's primary airport</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port_of_Inverness">Port of Inverness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Port of Inverness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Inverness" title="Port of Inverness">Port of Inverness</a> is located at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a>. It has four quays and receives over 300 vessels a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Airport" title="Inverness Airport">Inverness Airport</a><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located 13 km (8.1 mi) northeast of the city and has scheduled flights to airports across the UK including London, <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Best_Belfast_City_Airport" title="George Best Belfast City Airport">Belfast</a> and the islands to the north and west of Scotland, as well as a number of flights to Europe. <a href="/wiki/Loganair" title="Loganair">Loganair</a> operate <a href="/wiki/Saab_340" title="Saab 340">Saab 340</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saab_2000" title="Saab 2000">Saab 2000</a> aircraft on routes to <a href="/wiki/Benbecula_Airport" title="Benbecula Airport">Benbecula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Airport" title="Kirkwall Airport">Kirkwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stornoway_Airport" title="Stornoway Airport">Stornoway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sumburgh_Airport" title="Sumburgh Airport">Sumburgh</a>. <a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a> operate Airbus aircraft to <a href="/wiki/Gatwick_Airport" title="Gatwick Airport">London Gatwick</a> three times per day, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton</a> twice a day and <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Airport" title="Bristol Airport">Bristol</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Airways" title="British Airways">British Airways</a> operates a daily service to <a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> operate a daily service to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol" title="Amsterdam Airport Schiphol">Amsterdam</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Highland_council_area" title="Politics of the Highland council area">Politics of the Highland council area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_(geograph_5000272).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg/220px-Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg/330px-Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg/440px-Inverness_-_Highland_Council_Headquarters_%28geograph_5000272%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Inverness is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Council" title="Highland Council">Highland Council</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are two tiers of local government covering Inverness. Most functions are provided by the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Council" title="Highland Council">Highland Council</a>, which is based in the city. There is also a lower tier of <a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">community councils</a>, with the urban area of Inverness straddling several communities.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_history">Administrative history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Administrative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From when it was made a <a href="/wiki/Royal_burgh" title="Royal burgh">royal burgh</a> in the 12th century, Inverness was governed by the town council of the burgh until 1975. It was also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Inverness" title="Sheriff of Inverness">Sheriff of Inverness</a>, who had responsibility for administering justice across <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a>. When elected county councils were introduced in 1890 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Scotland)_Act_1889" title="Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889">Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889</a>, Inverness was considered large enough for its existing town council to provide county-level local government functions, and so it was excluded from the administrative area of Inverness-shire County Council.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness was subsequently brought within the administrative area of the county council in 1930, but classed as a <a href="/wiki/Large_burgh" title="Large burgh">large burgh</a>, allowing the town council to continue to provide most local government services.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverness_Town_House_(33621804338).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg/220px-Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg/330px-Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg/440px-Inverness_Town_House_%2833621804338%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5561" data-file-height="5601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Town_House" title="Inverness Town House">Inverness Town House</a>, High Street, opened 1882</figcaption></figure> <p>The burgh of Inverness was abolished in 1975 under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Scotland)_Act_1973" title="Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973">Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973</a>, which abolished Scotland's counties, burghs and <a href="/wiki/Landward_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Landward district">landward districts</a> and replaced them with a two-tier system of <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Scotland_(1975%E2%80%931996)" title="Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)">regions and districts</a>. Inverness therefore became part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Inverness_(district)" title="Inverness (district)">Inverness district</a>, which was one of eight districts within the <a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland region</a>. The Inverness district covered the area of the former burgh plus an extensive rural area around the city, being the area of the two former landward districts of Inverness (covering the rural area generally east of <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness" title="Loch Ness">Loch Ness</a> and Inverness itself) and <a href="/wiki/The_Aird" title="The Aird">Aird</a> (covering the area generally west of Inverness and Loch Ness.<sup id="cite_ref-1973act_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1973act-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness District Council was based at <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Town_House" title="Inverness Town House">Inverness Town House</a> on the High Street in the centre of Inverness, which had been completed in 1882 for the old Inverness Town Council.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The districts and regions created in 1975 were abolished in 1996, under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_etc._(Scotland)_Act_1994" title="Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994">Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994</a> and replaced with single-tier <a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">council areas</a>. The Highland region became one of the new council areas.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Highland Council has a number of <a href="/wiki/Area_committee" title="Area committee">area committees</a> for debating local matters. One of the committees is called the City of Inverness Area Committee, comprising the councillors who represent the wards which broadly correspond to the pre-1996 Inverness District.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area committee choses one of its members to take the title of <a href="/wiki/Provost_of_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Provost of Inverness">Provost of Inverness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_status">City status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: City status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> was granted to the "Town of Inverness", and <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> were taken into the possession of the Highland Council by the convener of the Inverness area committee.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These letters patent, which were sealed in March 2001 and are held by <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery">Inverness Museum and Art Gallery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> create a city of Inverness, but do not refer to any defined boundaries for the city. In January 2008 a petition to matriculate <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">armorial bearings</a> for the City of Inverness was refused by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a> on the grounds that there is no legal body (such as a council) to which arms for Inverness can be granted.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two existing <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constituencies_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituencies (UK)">constituencies</a> with <i>Inverness</i> as an element in their names: </p> <ul><li>One <a href="/wiki/County_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="County constituency">county constituency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Commons (UK)">House of Commons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Westminster</a>): <ul><li>Inverness, Skye and West Ross-shire (first established in 2024 and replacing the previous <a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Nairn,_Badenoch_and_Strathspey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey</a>, which existed between 2005 and 2019) currently represented by Angus MacDonald of the Scottish Liberal Democrats <sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>One constituency of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_Building" title="Scottish Parliament Building">Holyrood</a>), created in 2011: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_and_Nairn_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness and Nairn (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Inverness and Nairn</a>, currently represented by <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a> (MSP) <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Ewing" title="Fergus Ewing">Fergus Ewing</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <p>These existing constituencies are effectively subdivisions of the <a href="/wiki/Highland_(council_area)" title="Highland (council area)">Highland</a> <a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">council area</a>, but boundaries for Westminster elections are now very different from those for Holyrood elections. The Holyrood constituencies are also subdivisions of the <a href="/wiki/Highlands_and_Islands_(Scottish_Parliament_electoral_region)" title="Highlands and Islands (Scottish Parliament electoral region)">Highlands and Islands</a> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions">electoral region</a>. </p><p>Historically there have been six Westminster constituencies: </p> <ul><li>One <a href="/wiki/Burgh_constituency" title="Burgh constituency">burgh constituency</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Burghs" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness Burghs">Inverness Burghs</a>, 1708 to 1918</li></ul></li> <li>Five county constituencies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness-shire (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness-shire</a>, 1708 to 1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness</a>, 1918 to 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness,_Nairn_and_Lochaber_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber</a>, 1983 to 1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_East,_Nairn_and_Lochaber_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber (UK Parliament constituency)">Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber</a>, 1997 to 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross,_Skye_and_Inverness_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ross, Skye and Inverness West (UK Parliament constituency)">Ross, Skye and Inverness West</a>, 1997 to 2005</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Inverness Burghs was a <a href="/wiki/District_of_burghs_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="District of burghs constituency">district of burghs constituency</a>, covering the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_burgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary burgh">parliamentary burghs</a> of Inverness, <a href="/wiki/Fortrose" title="Fortrose">Fortrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forres" title="Forres">Forres</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nairn" title="Nairn">Nairn</a>. Inverness-shire covered, at least nominally, the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Inverness">county of Inverness</a> minus the Inverness parliamentary burgh. As created in 1918, Inverness covered the county minus <a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebridean</a> areas, which were merged into the <a href="/wiki/Western_Isles_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Isles (UK Parliament constituency)">Western Isles constituency</a>. The Inverness constituency included the former parliamentary burgh of Inverness. As created in 1983, Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber was one of three constituencies covering the Highland <a href="/wiki/Regions_and_districts_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions and districts of Scotland">region</a>, which had been created in 1975. As first used in 1997, the Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber, and Ross, Skye and Inverness West constituencies were effectively two of three constituencies covering the Highland <a href="/wiki/Unitary_council_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitary council area">unitary council area</a>, which had been created in 1996. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Scotland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland">List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland</a></div> <p>Inverness is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, Germany (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Baule-Escoublac" title="La Baule-Escoublac">La Baule-Escoublac</a>, France (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Valery-en-Caux" title="Saint-Valery-en-Caux">Saint-Valery-en-Caux</a>, France (1987)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_events">Arts and events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Arts and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eden_Court_Theatre,_Inverness,_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg/220px-Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg/330px-Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg/440px-Eden_Court_Theatre%2C_Inverness%2C_at_dusk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5624401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Eden Court Theatre</figcaption></figure> <p>The main theatre, cinema and arts centre in Inverness is called <a href="/wiki/Eden_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Eden Court"> Eden Court Theatre</a>. Other venues in the city include <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery">Inverness Museum and Art Gallery</a>, The Iron Works, The Northern Meeting Park and Wasp Studios. Inverness is an important centre for <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">bagpipe</a> players and lovers, since every September the city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Meeting" title="Northern Meeting">Northern Meeting</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness cape</a>, a garment worn in the rain by pipers the world over, is not necessarily made in Inverness. </p><p>Another major event in calendar is the annual City of Inverness <a href="/wiki/Highland_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Games">Highland Games</a>. The event can trace its roots back to one of the first Highland Games staged in the modern era; the True Highland Games which was staged in 1822 by members of the Northern Meeting Society. In 1864 the Northern Meeting Society built the world's first Highland Games stadium, the Northern Meeting Park. The last Northern Meeting Highland Games was staged in 1938 and following the second world war, responsibility for the organisation of the annual event passed to the Town Council who moved the event to Bught Park in 1948. In 2006 Inverness hosted Scotland's biggest ever Highland Games over two days in July, featuring the Masters' World Championships, the showcase event for heavies aged over 40 years. The first year that the Masters' World Championships had been held outside the United States was 2006, and it attracted many top heavies from around the world to the Inverness area. The Masters World Championships returned in 2009 when it was staged as part of the Homecoming celebrations. In 2010, the City of Inverness Highland Games returned to Northern Meeting Park where it remains to this day. Actress <a href="/wiki/Karen_Gillan" title="Karen Gillan">Karen Gillan</a> is the ambassador for Theatre Art Education. </p><p>Inverness has gained notoriety as well for being featured in the <a href="/wiki/Outlander_(novel)" title="Outlander (novel)"><i>Outlander</i></a> novel series by author <a href="/wiki/Diana_Gabaldon" title="Diana Gabaldon">Diana Gabaldon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tartan_Heart_Festival" title="Tartan Heart Festival">Tartan Heart Festival</a> in the nearby village of Kiltarlity, is a summer festival that brings a variety of music to the area. <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS</a> Radio broadcasts on 87.7FM as part of its UK Bases network. </p><p>Inverness Botanic Gardens is located in <a href="/wiki/Bught_Park" title="Bught Park">Bught Park</a> a few minutes walk from the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a> near to the <a href="/wiki/Ness_Islands" title="Ness Islands">Ness Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, the city hosted <a href="/wiki/Highland_2007" title="Highland 2007">Highland 2007</a>, a celebration of the culture of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a>, and will also host the World Highland Games Heavy Championships (21 & 22 July) and European Pipe Band Championships (28 July).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2008 saw the first <a href="/wiki/Hi-Ex" title="Hi-Ex">Hi-Ex</a> (Highlands International Comics Expo), held at the <a href="/wiki/Eden_Court_Theatre" title="Eden Court Theatre">Eden Court Theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scotsimpact_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsimpact-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness is the location of <a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a>'s castle in Shakespeare's play. Inverness Library is located in Farraline Park, housed in what was originally the Bell's school, designed by William Robertson in the Greek Revival style. The school was built with help from a £10,000 donation from <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bell_(educationalist)" title="Andrew Bell (educationalist)">Dr Andrew Bell</a> in 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland" title="BBC Scotland">BBC Scotland</a> has a studio in the city which broadcast the local opt-out of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Contact_numbers_for_BBC_Scotland_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Contact_numbers_for_BBC_Scotland-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Television signals are received from the <a href="/wiki/Rosemarkie_transmitting_station" title="Rosemarkie transmitting station">Rosemarkie</a> TV transmitter <sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the local relay transmitter situated in the centre of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commercial radio station, <i>Moray Firth Radio</i> (<a href="/wiki/MFR_(radio_station)" title="MFR (radio station)">MRF</a>) is also based in the city located on Scorguie Place.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inverness_Courier" title="The Inverness Courier">The Inverness Courier</a></i> is the local weekly newspaper which publishes on Fridays.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Inverness had a solidly <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> speaking population, with the majority of the population having Gaelic as their first language. From approximately the end of the 19th century, particularly following the <a href="/wiki/Education_(Scotland)_Act_1872" title="Education (Scotland) Act 1872">1872 Education Act</a>, which made school attendance compulsory and required that only English be taught and tolerated in the schools on pain of <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a>, Inverness suffered a decline in the number of Gaelic speakers in line with the rest of the once <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Gaidhealtachd / Scottish Highlands</a>. Despite the local dialect of Scottish Gaelic gradually falling out of use (although it continued to affect the local <a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a> dialect), the language is still spoken locally in other dialects and the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Minch_Gaelic" title="Mid-Minch Gaelic">main standardised form</a>. By the end of the 19th century, some rural areas to the south east of Inverness still had completely Gaelic-speaking populations, such as Strath Dearn where almost 100% of the population were still Gaelic speaking. </p><p><b>1677:</b> Inverness was described as "overwhelmingly" Gaelic speaking by the traveller Thomas Kirk. </p><p><b>1704:</b> Close to 100% of the population was fluent in Gaelic with over 75% of the population only able to speak Gaelic.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lhuyd" title="Edward Lhuyd">Edward Lhuyd</a> published major work on Inverness Gaelic and after collecting data from between 1699 and 1700, his findings showed a distinct dialect in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clear dialect of Inverness Gaelic was held in high regard by speakers of other forms, such as those from Lewis, Sutherland and Ross.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaelic remained the principal language of Invernessians for the rest of the 18th century, despite growing pressure from outwith the Highlands in both political and social contexts. </p><p><b>1798:</b> Thomas Garnett (Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the Royal Institution of Great Britain) observed that Inverness had become largely bilingual with Invernessians using Gaelic as the language of the home but English as the language of foreign trade – however, the older generation at the time generally only had the Gaelic. Speaking of those in the countryside immediately surrounding Inverness, Garnett stated that although in Inverness both Gaelic and English "are spoken promiscuously...the language of the country people is Gaelic." </p><p><b>1828:</b> John Wood praised the standard of both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness stating that both languages were spoken with "utmost purity." He noted that children would casually flit between the two languages while playing, asking questions in Gaelic while receiving answers in English and vice versa. </p><p><b>1882:</b> <i>The Celtic Magazine</i>, published in Inverness, complained that enumerators of the 1881 census who assessed whether families were Gaelic speaking, English speaking or both, had supplied false information. The magazine wrote that "whole families .... scarcely any member of whom can express the commonest idea intelligently in English – who are in every sense Gaelic-speaking people only – were returned by the enumerators as English-speaking." </p><p><b>1901:</b> Inhabitants of Inverness voiced regret at the very swift decay of the native language in the short space of twenty years following a complete absence of bilingual education and disregard for Gaelic.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg/220px-Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg/330px-Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg/440px-Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2968728.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Inverness Gaelic Primary School, opened in 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>The number of Gaelic speakers has fluctuated over the last century. In 1881, the census reported 4,047 Gaelic speakers in Inverness (23.3% of the population) which by 1891 had risen to 6,356 speakers (30.47%).<sup id="cite_ref-GIS_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIS-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1901 this figure had dropped to 5,072 speakers (23.88%) of the population, from which it continued to drop to present day numbers through <a href="/wiki/Emigration" title="Emigration">emigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GIS_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIS-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> is slowly re-appearing in the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_landscape" title="Linguistic landscape">linguistic landscape</a>, appearing on some signs around Inverness. <a href="/wiki/Bun-sgoil_Gh%C3%A0idhlig_Inbhir_Nis" title="Bun-sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis">Bun-sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis</a>, which opened in August 2007 as a primary school of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic-medium_education" title="Scottish Gaelic-medium education">Scottish Gaelic-medium education</a>, is nearing full capacity and was extended to allow for more pupils in August 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a city of its size, Inverness today has a relatively high density of Gaelic speakers and a relatively lively Gaelic scene, making it one of the centres of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_Renaissance" title="Scottish Gaelic Renaissance">Scottish Gaelic Renaissance</a>. According to the 2011 census, 4.8% of residents of greater Inverness over age 3 speak Gaelic compared to 1.1% nationally. At 2,800 Gaelic speakers, only <a href="/wiki/Greater_Glasgow" title="Greater Glasgow">Greater Glasgow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> have a higher absolute total.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2rd_na_G%C3%A0idhlig" title="Bòrd na Gàidhlig">Bòrd na Gàidhlig</a>, an organisation responsible for supporting and promoting the use of Scottish Gaelic nationwide, has its main office in Inverness.<sup id="cite_ref-bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Gaelic related groups include the Inverness Gaelic Choir which has existed for over 70 years.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inverness also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a> in 2014, a festival, inspired by the Welsh <a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a>, celebrating Scottish Gaelic culture, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_music" title="Gaelic music">music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:001_-_inverness_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/001_-_inverness_castle.jpg/220px-001_-_inverness_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/001_-_inverness_castle.jpg/330px-001_-_inverness_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/001_-_inverness_castle.jpg/440px-001_-_inverness_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4776" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg/220px-Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg/330px-Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg/440px-Presbyterian_Cathedral_of_St._Andrew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>St. Andrew's Cathedral on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Ness" title="River Ness">River Ness</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Important buildings in Inverness include <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness Castle</a>, and various churches. The castle was built in 1835 on the site of its medieval predecessor. Until 30 March 2020, it housed Inverness <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheriff Court">Sheriff Court</a>: this has now been moved to the <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Justice_Centre" title="Inverness Justice Centre">Inverness Justice Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inverness_Cathedral" title="Inverness Cathedral">Inverness Cathedral</a>, dedicated to <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrew">St Andrew</a>, is a cathedral of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_(officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary (officer)">ordinary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moray,_Ross_and_Caithness" title="Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness">Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness</a>. The cathedral has a curiously square-topped look to its spires, as funds ran out before they could be completed. </p><p>The oldest church is the <a href="/wiki/Old_High_St_Stephen%27s,_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Old High St Stephen's, Inverness">Old High Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on St Michael's Mount by the riverside, a site perhaps used for worship since Celtic times. The church tower dates from <a href="/wiki/Mediaeval" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaeval">mediaeval</a> times, making it the oldest surviving building in Inverness. It is used by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> congregation of <a href="/wiki/Old_High_St_Stephen%27s,_Inverness" class="mw-redirect" title="Old High St Stephen's, Inverness">Old High St Stephen's, Inverness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is the venue for the annual Kirking of the council, which is attended by local councillors. </p><p>There is no <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic</a> cathedral in the area as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Aberdeen" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen">Diocesan</a> cathedral (<a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Aberdeen" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Aberdeen">St Mary</a>) is at <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a>. The Catholic population is served by two parish churches: <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s,_Inverness" title="St Mary's, Inverness">St Mary's, Inverness</a> founded in 1837, is the older of the two and the first Catholic parish founded and built in Inverness after nearly three hundred years of <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious persecution</a> was ended by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Emancipation" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Emancipation">Catholic Emancipation</a> in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St Ninian's was built during the 1960s and 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Porterfield <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">Prison</a>, officially <a href="/wiki/Inverness_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness (HM Prison)">HMP Inverness</a>, serves the courts of the Highlands, Western Isles, Orkney Isles and Moray, providing secure custody for all <a href="/wiki/Detention_of_suspects" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention of suspects">remand</a> prisoners and short-term adult prisoners, both male and female, who are segregated.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_and_leisure">Sports and leisure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports and leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg/220px-Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg/330px-Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg/440px-Caledonian_Stadium_-_geograph-916623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tulloch_Caledonian_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulloch Caledonian Stadium">Caledonian Stadium</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Caledonian_Thistle_F.C." title="Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.">Inverness Caledonian Thistle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Inverness is connected to three long-distance footpaths: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Glen_Way" title="Great Glen Way">Great Glen Way</a> – connects to <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort William, Highland">Fort William</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Great_Glen" title="Great Glen">Great Glen</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/John_o%27_Groats_Trail" title="John o' Groats Trail">John o' Groats Trail</a> – connects to <a href="/wiki/John_o%27_Groats" title="John o' Groats">John o' Groats</a> along the coast</li> <li>The South Loch Ness Trail – connects to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Augustus" title="Fort Augustus">Fort Augustus</a> along the southeast side of Loch Ness</li></ul> <p>The city is home to four <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> clubs that are recognised in the SFA Pyramid, though two are part of a league that hasn't been fully incorporated. <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Caledonian_Thistle_F.C." title="Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.">Inverness Caledonian Thistle</a> was formed in 1994 from the merger of two Highland League clubs, <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_F.C." title="Caledonian F.C.">Caledonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Thistle_F.C." title="Inverness Thistle F.C.">Inverness Thistle</a>. "Caley Thistle" of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Championship" title="Scottish Championship">Scottish Championship</a> plays at the <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_Stadium" title="Caledonian Stadium">Tulloch Caledonian Stadium</a>, and have proven themselves to be the dominant team in the highlands after winning the <a href="/wiki/2015_Scottish_Cup_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Scottish Cup Final">Scottish Cup</a> and participating in the <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_UEFA_Europa_League" title="2015–16 UEFA Europa League">Europa League</a> in 2015, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Giant_killers_(sports)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant killers (sports)">giant killings</a>. The city's second football club, <a href="/wiki/Clachnacuddin_F.C." title="Clachnacuddin F.C.">Clachnacuddin</a>, plays in the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Football_League" title="Highland Football League">Highland League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Athletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverness Athletic">Inverness Athletic</a> became the third, joining the <a href="/wiki/North_Caledonian_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="North Caledonian Football League">North Caledonian Football League</a> in 2016, with <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness_F.C." title="Loch Ness F.C.">Loch Ness</a>, becoming the 4th in 2020, after stepping up from Amateur Football. <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Citadel_F.C." title="Inverness Citadel F.C.">Inverness Citadel</a> was another popular side which became defunct, but had its name revived. <a href="/wiki/Inverness_City_F.C." title="Inverness City F.C.">Inverness City</a> played in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_Association,_North_Region" title="Scottish Junior Football Association, North Region">North Region Juniors</a> and were formed in 2006, but folded in 2019. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Highland_RFC" title="Highland RFC">Highland RFC</a> is the local <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> club that competes in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_League_Division_One" title="Scottish National League Division One">Scottish National League Division One</a>. It has enjoyed recent promotions in the past several years and continues to be a hub for rugby in the North of Scotland. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> is an integral part of the Highlands and Islands. As the capital of the Highlands, <a href="/wiki/Camanachd_Association" title="Camanachd Association">Camanachd Association</a> is based in Inverness and the city often hosts a wealth of Shinty finals such as the <a href="/wiki/Camanachd_Cup" title="Camanachd Cup">Camanachd Cup</a> Final (the pinnacle of Shinty) as well as the international game of Shinty and <a href="/wiki/Irish_hurling" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish hurling">Irish hurling</a>. Despite <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Shinty_Club" title="Inverness Shinty Club">Inverness Shinty Club</a> not being particularly successful in recent years, some of the towns and villages that surround the city have been, such as <a href="/wiki/Kiltarlity" title="Kiltarlity">Kiltarlity</a> who are the home of <a href="/wiki/Lovat_Shinty_Club" title="Lovat Shinty Club">Lovat Shinty Club</a> (recent winners of the <a href="/wiki/MacTavish_Cup" title="MacTavish Cup">MacTavish Cup</a> 2013) and <a href="/wiki/Glen_Urquhart" title="Glen Urquhart">Glen Urquhart</a>. </p><p>Highland HC is the local hockey team, it consists of two men's teams, two ladies teams and a junior team.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with both Men's & Ladies' 1st teams in Scottish National Division 2. The Men's 1st team successfully gained promotion from Scottish National Division 3 in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inverness Blitz is a charity that promotes the development of <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> in Inverness and the surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bught Park, located in the centre of Inverness is the finishing point of the annual <a href="/wiki/Loch_Ness_Marathon" title="Loch Ness Marathon">Loch Ness Marathon</a> and home of <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Shinty_Club" title="Inverness Shinty Club">Inverness Shinty Club</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2011_European_Tour" title="2011 European Tour">2011</a>, Inverness hosted professional <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Open_(golf)" title="Scottish Open (golf)">Scottish Open</a> on the <a href="/wiki/PGA_European_Tour" title="PGA European Tour">European Tour</a>, played at Castle Stuart the week before <a href="/wiki/2011_Open_Championship" title="2011 Open Championship">The Open Championship</a>. Cricket is also played in Inverness, with both Highland CC and Northern Counties playing in the North of Scotland Cricket Association League and 7 welfare league teams playing midweek cricket at Fraser Park. Both teams have been very successful over the years. </p><p>Stock car racing was staged in Inverness circa 1973. Inverness has a mixed basketball team, the Inverness Giants, who play exhibition games against local teams throughout the North and Islands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Inverness" title="Category:People from Inverness">People from Inverness</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Findlater" title="John Findlater">John Findlater</a> – Meteorologist, aviation expert and air crash investigator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Edwards_(Scottish_journalist)" title="Mike Edwards (Scottish journalist)">Mike Edwards (Scottish journalist)</a> – Journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Muir" title="Laura Muir">Laura Muir</a> – World champion runner, 1500m Silver Medallist at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Christie" title="Charlie Christie">Charlie Christie</a> – Footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Christie" title="Ryan Christie">Ryan Christie</a> – Footballer for English Premier League side, Bournemouth, and Scotland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fraser-Mackintosh" title="Charles Fraser-Mackintosh">Charles Fraser Mackintosh</a> (Teàrlach Friseal Mac An Toisich) – Lawyer, author and politician. Born and raised in Inverness and represented the Highlands in Westminster.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Cooper" title="Yvette Cooper">Yvette Cooper</a> – Former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions was born in Inverness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cowie_(footballer)" title="Don Cowie (footballer)">Don Cowie</a> – Footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_De_Navarro" title="Dorothy De Navarro">Dorothy De Navarro</a> – Lecturer who specialised in Anglo-Saxon literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntley_Duff" title="Huntley Duff">Huntley Duff</a> – cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Barlow_(scientist)" title="Janet Barlow (scientist)">Janet Barlow</a> – Scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Forbes_(1805%E2%80%931881)" title="James Alexander Forbes (1805–1881)">James Alexander Forbes</a> – British Vice-Consul to <a href="/wiki/Mexican_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican California">Mexican California</a> as well as the first British Consul to the American state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fraser_(New_Zealand_politician,_born_1827)" title="William Fraser (New Zealand politician, born 1827)">William Fraser</a> - New Zealand politician, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Thames" title="Mayor of Thames">Mayor of Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Gillan" title="Jamie Gillan">Jamie Gillan</a> – <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> player for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Gillan" title="Karen Gillan">Karen Gillan</a> – Actress, best known as <a href="/wiki/Amy_Pond" title="Amy Pond">Amy Pond</a>, the Doctor's Companion in <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a> and as <a href="/wiki/Nebula_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebula (comics)">Nebula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_(film)" title="Guardians of the Galaxy (film)">Guardians of the Galaxy</a> series of the <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Cinematic_Universe" title="Marvel Cinematic Universe">Marvel Cinematic Universe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_McBane" title="Donald McBane">Donald McBane</a> - Swordsman and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elspet_Gray" title="Elspet Gray">Elspet Gray</a> – Actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Grigor" title="Murray Grigor">Murray Grigor</a> – Scottish film-maker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry_Irvine" class="mw-redirect" title="Derry Irvine">Derry Irvine</a> – Former <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> (under <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>), former Labour Prime Minister; was born in Inverness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Jones_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Jones (musician)">Malcolm Jones</a> – Musician; guitar player for <a href="/wiki/Runrig" title="Runrig">Runrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Charles Kennedy</a> – Former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>; was born in Inverness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Knox" title="Russell Knox">Russell Knox</a> – Golfer who plays on the PGA Tour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(footballer)" title="Kevin MacDonald (footballer)">Kevin MacDonald</a> – Footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Mackay" title="John A. Mackay">John A. Mackay</a> – Presbyterian theologian, missionary, and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mackay_(writer)" title="Margaret Mackay (writer)">Margaret Mackay</a> – writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_MacPherson" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary MacPherson">Mary Macpherson</a> – (Màiri Nic a' Phearsain) poet and political activist, "Great Mairi of the Songs" raised her children in Inverness, where she wrote much of her work.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McGinlay" title="John McGinlay">John McGinlay</a> – Footballer</li> <li>Very Rev <a href="/wiki/Mitford_Mitchell" title="Mitford Mitchell">Mitford Mitchell</a> <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a> in 1903</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Moir" title="Ethel Moir">Ethel Moir</a> – Nursing orderly with <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Women%27s_Hospitals_for_Foreign_Service" title="Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service">Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Smith" title="Ali Smith">Ali Smith</a> – Author; born in Inverness in 1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sutherland_(footballer)" title="James Sutherland (footballer)">James Sutherland</a> (b. 1881) – football player at the turn of the century, with <a href="/wiki/Caledonian_F.C." title="Caledonian F.C.">Caledonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burnley_F.C." title="Burnley F.C.">Burnley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Egg" title="Mr Egg">Mr Egg</a> – MacAcidhouse musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wimberley" title="Douglas Wimberley">Douglas Wimberley</a> - British Army officer, born in Inverness 16 August 1896, service in World War I and World War II</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Tey" title="Josephine Tey">Josephine Tey</a> – Author; born in Inverness in 1896</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Ramsay" title="Connie Ramsay">Connie Ramsay</a> (born 1988) – Judoka<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Graham" title="Jenny Graham">Jenny Graham</a> – Set the world record for the fastest woman to cycle around the world</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Macdonald_(sportsman)" title="John Macdonald (sportsman)">John Macdonald</a> – Sportsman who was the first person to represent <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> at both <a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_football_team" title="Scotland national football team">football</a> & <a href="/wiki/Scotland_national_cricket_team" title="Scotland national cricket team">cricket</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_MacDonald_(footballer,_born_1877)" title="Billy MacDonald (footballer, born 1877)">Billy MacDonald</a> – Footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Thomson" title="Erik Thomson">Erik Thomson</a> (born 1967) – Scottish-born New Zealand/Australian actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation_inverness_locality_area-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_inverness_locality_area_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/cities/scotland/?cityid=8756">"Thomas Brinkhoff: City Population, United Kingdom: Major Cities in Scotland"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Brinkhoff%3A+City+Population%2C+United+Kingdom%3A+Major+Cities+in+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fcities%2Fscotland%2F%3Fcityid%3D8756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation_inverness_settlement_area-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation_inverness_settlement_area_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/cities/scotlandua/?cityid=8756">"City Population, United Kingdom: Urban Areas in Scotland"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Population%2C+United+Kingdom%3A+Urban+Areas+in+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fcities%2Fscotlandua%2F%3Fcityid%3D8756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-population_source-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-population_source_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engagehighland.co.uk/17589/widgets/50769/documents/29937">"Click here to download the Inverness area profile | Have Your Say Inverness | Engage Highland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Click+here+to+download+the+Inverness+area+profile+%26%23124%3B+Have+Your+Say+Inverness+%26%23124%3B+Engage+Highland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fengagehighland.co.uk%2F17589%2Fwidgets%2F50769%2Fdocuments%2F29937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scots-online.org/mobile/dictionary/read_dictionary.php?letter=I&CurPage=7">"Scots Online Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scots+Online+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scots-online.org%2Fmobile%2Fdictionary%2Fread_dictionary.php%3Fletter%3DI%26CurPage%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/geography/citystatus.html">Undiscovered Scotland: City Status in Scotland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highland.gov.uk/contactus.htm">The Highland Council website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070720065159/http://www.highland.gov.uk/contactus.htm">Archived</a> 20 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100704121246/http://www.inverness-scotland.com/in-and-around-2-inverness.asp">"Inverness city"</a>. Inverness-scotland.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inverness-scotland.com/in-and-around-2-inverness.asp">the original</a> on 4 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness+city&rft.pub=Inverness-scotland.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverness-scotland.com%2Fin-and-around-2-inverness.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1894" class="citation book cs1">MacKenzie, Alexander (1894). <i>History of the Mackenzies: With Genealogies of the Principal Families of the Name</i>. Inverness: A & W MacKenzie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Mackenzies%3A+With+Genealogies+of+the+Principal+Families+of+the+Name&rft.place=Inverness&rft.pub=A+%26+W+MacKenzie&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/inverness-population/">"Inverness: Population"</a>. World Population Review.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness%3A+Population&rft.pub=World+Population+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Finverness-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2016/list-of-tables">"Mid-2016 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2016+Population+Estimates+for+Settlements+and+Localities+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2016%2Flist-of-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/life-and-society/2007/03/city-inverness-poland-local">"Inverness: the new Shangri-La?"</a>. Newstatesman.com. 26 March 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927034335/http://www.newstatesman.com/life-and-society/2007/03/city-inverness-poland-local">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness%3A+the+new+Shangri-La%3F&rft.pub=Newstatesman.com&rft.date=2007-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Flife-and-society%2F2007%2F03%2Fcity-inverness-poland-local&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst2064.html">"Overview of Inverness"</a>. Scottish-places.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110740/http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst2064.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+Inverness&rft.pub=Scottish-places.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish-places.info%2Ftowns%2Ftownfirst2064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609073149/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fproperty%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fprecession103.xml&page=2">"Is your home recession proof?"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. 7 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/main.jhtml?xml=/property/2008/02/03/precession103.xml&page=2">the original</a> on 9 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Is+your+home+recession+proof%3F&rft.date=2008-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fproperty%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fproperty%2F2008%2F02%2F03%2Fprecession103.xml%26page%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/93">"Vol 64 (2016): Relieving Floods, Revealing History: Early Prehistoric Activity at Knocknagael Farm, Inverness | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports"</a>. <i>journals.socantscot.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=journals.socantscot.org&rft.atitle=Vol+64+%282016%29%3A+Relieving+Floods%2C+Revealing+History%3A+Early+Prehistoric+Activity+at+Knocknagael+Farm%2C+Inverness+%7C+Scottish+Archaeological+Internet+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.socantscot.org%2Findex.php%2Fsair%2Fissue%2Fview%2F93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/sair/issue/view/77">"Vol 47 (2011): A Later Prehistoric Settlement and Metalworking Site at Seafield West, near Inverness, Highland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports"</a>. <i>journals.socantscot.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=journals.socantscot.org&rft.atitle=Vol+47+%282011%29%3A+A+Later+Prehistoric+Settlement+and+Metalworking+Site+at+Seafield+West%2C+near+Inverness%2C+Highland+%7C+Scottish+Archaeological+Internet+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.socantscot.org%2Findex.php%2Fsair%2Fissue%2Fview%2F77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13495/">"Torvaine, Caledonian Canal"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710205121/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13495/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Torvaine%2C+Caledonian+Canal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F13495%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>. Silver chain was found at <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.461379_N_4.245047_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH65424346</a></span> when digging the Caledonian Canal in 1809.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://walking.visitscotland.com/walks/nescotland/213042">"<i>Craig Phadrig, Inverness</i>, Walk in Scotland, Visitscotland"</a>. Walking.visitscotland.com. 27 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100810133037/http://walking.visitscotland.com/walks/nescotland/213042">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Craig+Phadrig%2C+Inverness%2C+Walk+in+Scotland%2C+Visitscotland&rft.pub=Walking.visitscotland.com&rft.date=2008-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwalking.visitscotland.com%2Fwalks%2Fnescotland%2F213042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Inverness" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Inverness">Inverness</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 718–719.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inverness&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=718-719&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100629140228/http://www.churchesinverness.com/Old-High-Church-g.asp">"Inverness churches"</a>. Churchesinverness.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchesinverness.com/Old-High-Church-g.asp">the original</a> on 29 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness+churches&rft.pub=Churchesinverness.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchesinverness.com%2FOld-High-Church-g.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loganair.co.uk/destinations/city-guides/inverness">"Destinations :: City Guides :: Inverness"</a>. Loganair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716011955/http://www.loganair.co.uk/destinations/city-guides/inverness">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Destinations+%3A%3A+City+Guides+%3A%3A+Inverness&rft.pub=Loganair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loganair.co.uk%2Fdestinations%2Fcity-guides%2Finverness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12728/">"Blar Nam Feinne"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712085122/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12728/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Blar+Nam+Feinne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F12728%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>. Blar Nam Feinne is on Cnoc na Moine (<a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.458144_N_4.343547_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH595433</a></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13540/">"Torvaine, Torbane"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715070241/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13540/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Torvaine%2C+Torbane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F13540%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>. RCAHMS locate the battle of Torvean at <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.461376_N_4.245214_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH65414346</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13538/">"Torvaine"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707110031/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13538/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Torvaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F13538%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>. The cairn at <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.461379_N_4.245047_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH65424346</a></span> disappeared in the 19th or 20th centuries, it has also been claimed to mark the resting place of St Bean(<i>Beóán</i>) the <a href="/wiki/Culdee" class="mw-redirect" title="Culdee">Culdee</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCAHMS-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCAHMS_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13574/">"Battle of Blairnacoi, Drumderfit Hill"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121224014537/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13574/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Blairnacoi%2C+Drumderfit+Hill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F13574%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.538981_N_4.246811_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH656521</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13458/">"Site Record for Clachnaharry, Clan Battle Monument, Clachnaharry Memorial"</a>. <i>CANMORE</i>. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707035804/http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13458/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CANMORE&rft.atitle=Site+Record+for+Clachnaharry%2C+Clan+Battle+Monument%2C+Clachnaharry+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F13458%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>. Battle of Clachnaharry took place at <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">grid reference</a> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.487938_N_4.261211_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH6454946448</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan" title="George Buchanan">George Buchanan</a>'s (1506–1582), History of Scotland, completed in 1579, first published in 1582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alston, David. <i>Slaves and Highlanders</i>. Edinburgh University Press, 2021, p.223-224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. M. Scott, <i>Bonnie Dundee</i> (1989), pp. 104-105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100802041910/http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/inverness/inverness/">"Inverness on Undiscovered Scotland"</a>. Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/inverness/inverness/">the original</a> on 2 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness+on+Undiscovered+Scotland&rft.pub=Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk%2Finverness%2Finverness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Michael Newton (2015), <i>Seanchaidh na Coille: Memory-Keeper of the Forest</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_University" title="Cape Breton University">Cape Breton University</a> Press. Page 517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Michael Newton (2015), <i>Seanchaidh na Coille: Memory-Keeper of the Forest</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_University" title="Cape Breton University">Cape Breton University</a> Press. Pages 52-59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/invernessburghdi190809inv/invernessburghdi190809inv_djvu.txt">"Inverness Burgh Directory 1908-1909"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness+Burgh+Directory+1908-1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Finvernessburghdi190809inv%2Finvernessburghdi190809inv_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span> (The 1:2500, 2nd edition, Ordnance Survey Plan, published in 1904–1905, does not show the drill hall)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst8924.html">"Inverness Town House"</a>. The Gazetteer for Scotland<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Central+Highlands+%27Scotland%27s+top+economic+performer%27&rft.date=2011-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmobile%2Fuk-scotland-scotland-business-14186837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000445/19750729/109/0007">"Aberdeen wins Bloom Trophy"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Express_(Scotland)" title="Evening Express (Scotland)">Evening Express</a></i>. 29 July 1975<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Inverness+happiest+place+in+Scotland&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-highlands-islands-27502591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13576978.Inverness_is_Scotland_s_happiest_place/">"Inverness is Scotland's happiest place"</a>. <i>The Herald</i>. 6 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151008100041/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13576978.Inverness_is_Scotland_s_happiest_place/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Revelstoke+National+Park+%3A+Revelstoke%2C+BC%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Kootenayseh.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kootenayseh.com%2Frevelstoke-bc%2Fparks%2Fmt-revelstoke-park.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/agglo/S20000479A__inverness/">"Inverness (Agglomeration, Agglomerations, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Inverness+%28Agglomeration%2C+Agglomerations%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map+and+Location&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fagglo%2FS20000479A__inverness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/scotland/highland/S19000952__inverness/">"Inverness (Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Inverness+%28Highland%2C+Scotland%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fscotland%2Fhighland%2FS19000952__inverness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/agglo/S20000479A__inverness/">"Inverness (Agglomeration, Agglomerations, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Inverness+%28Agglomeration%2C+Agglomerations%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map+and+Location&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fagglo%2FS20000479A__inverness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citypopulation.de-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citypopulation.de_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/scotland/highland/S19000952__inverness/">"Inverness (Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Inverness+%28Highland%2C+Scotland%2C+United+Kingdom%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map%2C+Location%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fuk%2Fscotland%2Fhighland%2FS19000952__inverness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2016/list-of-tables">"Mid-2016 List of Tables"</a>. <i>National Records of Scotland</i>. 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323162343/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2016/list-of-tables">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Records+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Mid-2016+List+of+Tables&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2016%2Flist-of-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2010/list-of-tables">"Mid-2010 Population Estimates - Settlements in alphabetical order"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119112433/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2010/list-of-tables">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2010+Population+Estimates+-+Settlements+in+alphabetical+order&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2010%2Flist-of-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2010/list-of-tables">"Mid-2010 Population Estimates - Localities in alphabetical order"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119112433/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2010/list-of-tables">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2010+Population+Estimates+-+Localities+in+alphabetical+order&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2010%2Flist-of-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2008">"Mid-2008 Population Estimates - Settlements in alphabetical order"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119112928/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2008">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2008+Population+Estimates+-+Settlements+in+alphabetical+order&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2008">"Mid-2008 Population Estimates - Localities in alphabetical order"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119112928/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2008">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2008+Population+Estimates+-+Localities+in+alphabetical+order&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2006">"Mid-2006 Population Estimates for Settlements in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119114315/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2006">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2006+Population+Estimates+for+Settlements+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2006-localities">"Mid-2006 Population Estimates for Localities in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119115226/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2006-localities">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2006+Population+Estimates+for+Localities+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2006-localities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004">"Mid-2004 Population Estimates for Settlements in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326055422/http://nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2004+Population+Estimates+for+Settlements+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004-localities">"Mid-2004 Population Estimates for Localities in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326122132/http://nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2004-localities">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2004+Population+Estimates+for+Localities+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2004-localities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2003-settlements">"Mid-2003 Population Estimates for Settlements in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119120431/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2003-settlements">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid-2003+Population+Estimates+for+Settlements+in+Scotland&rft.pub=National+Records+Scotland+%28NRS%29&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrscotland.gov.uk%2Fstatistics-and-data%2Fstatistics%2Fstatistics-by-theme%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-estimates%2Fspecial-area-population-estimates%2Fsettlements-and-localities%2Fmid-2003-settlements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2003-localities">"Mid-2003 Population Estimates for Localities in Scotland"</a>. National Records Scotland (NRS). 31 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119120502/http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/special-area-population-estimates/settlements-and-localities/mid-2003-localities">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inverness+Botanic+Gardens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.invernessfloralhall.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013223252/http://www.highland2007.com/default.aspx.locid-07lnew05l.Lang-EN.htm">"European Pipe Band Championships are a closing highlight of InvernessFest"</a>. <i>Highland 2007</i>. 26 July 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Highland+2007&rft.atitle=European+Pipe+Band+Championships+are+a+closing+highlight+of+InvernessFest&rft.date=2007-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highland2007.com%2Fdefault.aspx.locid-07lnew05l.Lang-EN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/highlands_and_islands/7194176.stm">First superheroes expo for north</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 18 January 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scotsimpact-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scotsimpact_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/highlands_and_islands/7195730.stm">Scots' impact on comics examined</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 18 January 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/1657ED8F283F8B08?p=UKNB">"Schools of Inverness have a long history"</a>. <i>Inverness Courier</i>. 4 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Inverness. 1871. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009141331/http://www.archive.org/stream/transactions83unkngoog/transactions83unkngoog_djvu.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+text+of+%22Transactions%22&rft.pub=Inverness&rft.date=1871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftransactions83unkngoog%2Ftransactions83unkngoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GIS-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GIS_130-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GIS_130-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Withers, C. <i>Gaelic in Scotland</i> (1984) John Donald Publishers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85976-097-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85976-097-9">0-85976-097-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171111/http://www.cnp-inbhirnis.com/1/post/2009/11/gaelic-primary-school-education-set-to-expand-in-inverness-area-121109.html">"Gaelic Primary School education set to expand in Inverness area (12/11/09) – Comann Nam Pàrant – Inbhir Nis"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Inverness+Gaelic+Choir&rft.pub=Inverness+Gaelic+Choir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finvernessgaelicchoir.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrquhart2010" class="citation news cs1">Urquhart, Frank (16 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/inverness/Inverness-set-to-host-Mod.6584066.jp">"Inverness to host the Royal National Mòd"</a>. Edinburgh: Scotsman Newspaper<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inverness+to+host+the+Royal+National+M%C3%B2d&rft.date=2010-10-16&rft.aulast=Urquhart&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Finverness%2FInverness-set-to-host-Mod.6584066.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224021214/https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/the-courts/court-locations/IJC">"Inverness Justice Centre"</a>. <i>www.scotcourts.gov.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inverness+Courier&rft.atitle=See+inside+Scotland%27s+first+purpose-built+justice+centre+which+opened+today+in+Inverness&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft.au=Andrew+Dixon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverness-courier.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fsee-inside-the-inverness-justice-centre-which-opened-today-195214%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldhighststephens.com/location//">"Old High Church information"</a>. oldhighststephens.com. 6 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531232634/http://oldhighststephens.com/location/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+High+Church+information&rft.pub=oldhighststephens.com&rft.date=2011-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldhighststephens.com%2Flocation%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828172539/http://www.oldhighststephens.com/">"Old High St Stephen's website"</a>. Oldhighststephens.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldhighststephens.com/">the original</a> on 28 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+High+St+Stephen%27s+website&rft.pub=Oldhighststephens.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldhighststephens.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stmarysinverness.co.uk/parish.htm">The Story of St. Mary's Catholic Church Inverness</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508045807/http://www.stmarysinverness.co.uk/parish.htm">Archived</a> 8 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – St Mary's Inverness official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514063440/http://www.saintninians.org.uk/Assets/Story.htm">"St Ninian's - Story"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintninians.org.uk/Assets/Story.htm">the original</a> on 14 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Ninian%27s+-+Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintninians.org.uk%2FAssets%2FStory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sps.gov.uk/Corporate/Prisons/Inverness/HMP-Inverness.aspx">"Prisons: Inverness: HMP Inverness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prison_Service" title="Scottish Prison Service">Scottish Prison Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404093130/http://www.sps.gov.uk/Corporate/Prisons/Inverness/HMP-Inverness.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prisons%3A+Inverness%3A+HMP+Inverness&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sps.gov.uk%2FCorporate%2FPrisons%2FInverness%2FHMP-Inverness.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span>Ordnance Survey grid reference: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Inverness&params=57.474712_N_4.222848_W_region:GB_scale:25000">NH668449</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502202315/http://highlandhockey.co.uk/teams">"Teams"</a>. <i>Highland Hockey Club</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://highlandhockey.co.uk/teams">the original</a> on 2 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Highland+Hockey+Club&rft.atitle=Teams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhighlandhockey.co.uk%2Fteams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019230757/http://www.scottish-hockey.org.uk/competitions/20102011-archive.aspx">"Scottish Hockey"</a>. Scottish Hockey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scottish-hockey.org.uk/competitions/20102011-archive.aspx">the original</a> on 19 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Hockey&rft.pub=Scottish+Hockey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scottish-hockey.org.uk%2Fcompetitions%2F20102011-archive.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invernessblitz.co.uk">"Inverness Blitz"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223084407/http://www.invernessblitz.co.uk/">Archived</a> 23 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> invernessblitz.co.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_photograph.jsp?item_id=4272">"Charles Fraser-Mackintosh"</a>. Am Baile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070705202436/http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_photograph.jsp?item_id=4272">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Fraser-Mackintosh&rft.pub=Am+Baile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambaile.org.uk%2Fen%2Fitem%2Fitem_photograph.jsp%3Fitem_id%3D4272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_photograph.jsp?item_id=39855">"Màiri Mhòr nan Òran"</a>. Am Baile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110327122033/http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_photograph.jsp?item_id=39855">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A0iri+Mh%C3%B2r+nan+%C3%92ran&rft.pub=Am+Baile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambaile.org.uk%2Fen%2Fitem%2Fitem_photograph.jsp%3Fitem_id%3D39855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/cycling_road/1026925/connie_ramsay.html">"Glasgow 2014 - Connie Ramsay Profile"</a>. <i>results.glasgow2014.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=results.glasgow2014.com&rft.atitle=Glasgow+2014+-+Connie+Ramsay+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresults.glasgow2014.com%2Fathlete%2Fcycling_road%2F1026925%2Fconnie_ramsay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContact_numbers_for_BBC_Scotland" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/aboutus/ciac/information/contact.shtml">"Contact numbers for BBC Scotland"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528131909/https://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/4ce2251c28db82aa892a105b718dba4d6a74c327.gif">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Contact+numbers+for+BBC+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscotland%2Faboutus%2Fciac%2Finformation%2Fcontact.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInverness" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverness&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Inverness#Q160493" class="extiw" title="voy:Inverness">Inverness</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Inverness" class="extiw" title="commons:Inverness">Inverness</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/Home/">The Inverness Courier</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Destinations_from_Inverness" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Destinations_from_Inverness" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Destinations from Inverness</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gairloch" title="Gairloch">Gairloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ullapool" title="Ullapool">Ullapool</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Munlochy" title="Munlochy">Munlochy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonar_Bridge" title="Bonar Bridge">Bonar Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wick,_Highland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wick, Highland">Wick</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Thurso" title="Thurso">Thurso</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nairn" title="Nairn">Nairn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balintore,_Easter_Ross" title="Balintore, Easter Ross">Balintore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forres" title="Forres">Forres</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Moray" title="Elgin, Moray">Elgin</a></b></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Beauly" title="Beauly">Beauly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muir_of_Ord" title="Muir of Ord">Muir of Ord</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Inverness</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Keith,_Moray" title="Keith, Moray">Keith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turriff" title="Turriff">Turriff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterhead" title="Peterhead">Peterhead</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drumnadrochit" title="Drumnadrochit">Drumnadrochit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Augustus" title="Fort Augustus">Fort Augustus</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Scotland" title="Fort William, Scotland">Fort William</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balnafoich" title="Balnafoich">Balnafoich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aviemore" title="Aviemore">Aviemore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalwhinnie" title="Dalwhinnie">Dalwhinnie</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrbridge" title="Carrbridge">Carrbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grantown-on-Spey" title="Grantown-on-Spey">Grantown-on-Spey</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></b></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Areas_of_Inverness" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Areas_of_Inverness" title="Template:Areas of Inverness"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Areas_of_Inverness" title="Template talk:Areas of Inverness"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Areas_of_Inverness" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Areas of Inverness"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Areas_of_Inverness" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Areas of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inverness</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Aird" title="The Aird">The Aird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballifeary" title="Ballifeary">Ballifeary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloch,_Highland" title="Balloch, Highland">Balloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balnafettack" title="Balnafettack">Balnafettack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bught" title="Bught">Bught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clachnaharry" title="Clachnaharry">Clachnaharry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradlehall" title="Cradlehall">Cradlehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown,_Inverness" title="Crown, Inverness">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culcabock" title="Culcabock">Culcabock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culduthel" title="Culduthel">Culduthel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalneigh" title="Dalneigh">Dalneigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakies" title="Drakies">Drakies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton,_Inverness" title="Hilton, Inverness">Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holm,_Inverness" title="Holm, Inverness">Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inshes" title="Inshes">Inshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmylies" title="Kinmylies">Kinmylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leachkin" title="Leachkin">Leachkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochardil" title="Lochardil">Lochardil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longman,_Inverness" title="Longman, Inverness">Longman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkinch" title="Merkinch">Merkinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millburn,_Inverness" title="Millburn, Inverness">Millburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_of_Leys" title="Milton of Leys">Milton of Leys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muirtown" title="Muirtown">Muirtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raigmore" title="Raigmore">Raigmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorguie" title="Scorguie">Scorguie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithton,_Highland" title="Smithton, Highland">Smithton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kessock" title="South Kessock">South Kessock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhill,_Highland" title="Westhill, Highland">Westhill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160493#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160493#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160493#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146623992">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXmBcDfX943cbBYfXyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4552036-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83225123">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Inverness (Skotsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge647513&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007566912805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d46bfbc9-a5ae-437c-b641-f9e413dc1cc3">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inverness&oldid=1259625446">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inverness&oldid=1259625446</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inverness" title="Category:Inverness">Inverness</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Clan_Fraser" title="Category:Clan Fraser">Clan Fraser</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_towns_in_Scotland" title="Category:County towns in Scotland">County towns in Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Scotland" title="Category:Cities in Scotland">Cities in Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_in_Scotland" title="Category:Port cities and towns in Scotland">Port cities and towns in Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_of_the_North_Sea" title="Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea">Port cities and towns of the North Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Inverness_committee_area" title="Category:Populated places in Inverness committee area">Populated places in Inverness committee area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parishes_in_Inverness-shire" title="Category:Parishes in Inverness-shire">Parishes in Inverness-shire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages 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