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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Sagir M. Yusuf</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sagir M. Yusuf"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sagir M. Yusuf"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Sagir M. 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Yusuf"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 175</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sagir M. Yusuf</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">175</span> Suitability of Indonesia's Tax Administration with Abu Yusuf Thought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20Safrina">Dina Safrina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to discuss the suitability of tax administration in Indonesia based on Islamic Shari'a by looking at Abu Yusuf's idea of taxation. This research is a qualitative research and using data collection method by library research, that is by studying, deepening and citing theories or concepts from a number of literature. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether taxation in Indonesia is consistent with the thinking of Islamic economists, namely Abu Yusuf's idea which became known by economists as the canons of taxation. The ability to pay, lax time giving for taxpayers and the centralization of decision-making in the tax administration are some of the principles it emphasizes. In taxation he recommends the use of the Muqassamah (Proportional Tax) system rather than the Mixed (Fixed Tax) system. In this case, the determination of tax rates in Indonesia there are using fixed tax system, proportional tax, progressive tax and regressive tax. Abu Yusuf opposed the existence of Qabalah institution (the guarantor of tax payments to the state) at the time and suggested a tax administration centered and paid directly to the state. This is in accordance with those already applied in Indonesia where tax collection is done centrally. The tax system in Indonesia using self assessment system, which is the authority and responsibility given by the government to the taxpayer to calculate, pay and report the tax itself becomes the gap for taxpayers to commit fraud. Prerequisites that must be met for the success of this system is with the tax consciousness, tax honesty, tax mindedness, and tax discipline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Yusuf" title="Abu Yusuf">Abu Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax" title=" tax"> tax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tax%20administration" title=" tax administration"> tax administration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86479/suitability-of-indonesias-tax-administration-with-abu-yusuf-thought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">174</span> Inferential Reasoning for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Mission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Yusuf">Sagir M. Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Baber"> Chris Baber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe issues bedeviling the coordination of heterogeneous (different sensors carrying agents) multi-agent missions such as belief conflict, situation reasoning, etc. We applied Bayesian and agents' presumptions inferential reasoning to solve the outlined issues with the heterogeneous multi-agent belief variation and situational-base reasoning. Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) was used in modeling the agents' belief conflict due to sensor variations. Simulation experiments were designed, and cases from agents’ missions were used in training the BBN using gradient descent and expectation-maximization algorithms. The output network is a well-trained BBN for making inferences for both agents and human experts. We claim that the Bayesian learning algorithm prediction capacity improves by the number of training data and argue that it enhances multi-agents robustness and solve agents’ sensor conflicts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20constraint%20optimization%20problem" title="distributed constraint optimization problem">distributed constraint optimization problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-robot%20coordination" title=" multi-robot coordination"> multi-robot coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20system" title=" autonomous system"> autonomous system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116896/inferential-reasoning-for-heterogeneous-multi-agent-mission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">173</span> In Stemming Out Societal Depravity: Existentialism, Realism, and Contrapuntal Criticism in Nigerian Arabic Poetry: Ibn Yusuf’s Anthology as Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izzudeen%20Adetunji">Izzudeen Adetunji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The intrinsic nexus between man and society is apparently unknown to many people despite understanding the real responsibility and immense roles in society. Amongst the in-depth roles of a man as an agent of the societal reformer is to be a driven force towards installing normalcy and socio-cultural change in society. The paradoxical attitudes of man in engaging in social vices, illicit characters, and unwanted attitudes have given birth to decay and ill-society. However, the need for social change or socio-cultural evolution might be necessary to install normalcy and social order. Nigerian Arabic poets since the 19th century have tremendously engaged in utilizing their poetry for social change through socio-cultural, religious, economic, scientific, or technological forces. This engagement has hitherto yielded a positive outcome for societal reform. The anthology of Ibn Yusuf is one of the compendiums of poetries revealing societal depravity, man’s social vices, and atrocities; which later called to flawlessness. The theoretical framework would be examined through the Heraclitan model, focusing on a parallel to that of a living organism, which, in order to remain alive, must constantly change. Therefore, the thrust of this paper is to examine the societal maladies as elucidated in Ibn Yusuf’s anthology and proffer a contrapuntal criticism of it. Before delving into the main discussion, the paper will examine the concepts of existentialism and realism as a philosophical interface. Likewise, the issues of man and social change, an overview of Nigerian Arabic poetry, will be discussed. Ibn Yusuf’s biography and scholarship and the review of his anthology will be studied. The paper will conclude by critically examining the contrapuntal criticism of societal maladies through Ibn Yusuf’s anthology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societal%20depravity" title="societal depravity">societal depravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existentialism" title=" existentialism"> existentialism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realism" title=" realism"> realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria%20Arabic%20poetry" title=" Nigeria Arabic poetry"> Nigeria Arabic poetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibn%20Yusuf%E2%80%99s%20anthology" title=" Ibn Yusuf’s anthology"> Ibn Yusuf’s anthology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrapuntal%20criticism" title=" contrapuntal criticism"> contrapuntal criticism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188858/in-stemming-out-societal-depravity-existentialism-realism-and-contrapuntal-criticism-in-nigerian-arabic-poetry-ibn-yusufs-anthology-as-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">172</span> Probabilistic Approach of Dealing with Uncertainties in Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems and Situation Awareness for Multi-agent Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Yusuf">Sagir M. Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Baber"> Chris Baber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we describe how Bayesian inferential reasoning will contributes in obtaining a well-satisfied prediction for Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOPs) with uncertainties. We also demonstrate how DCOPs could be merged to multi-agent knowledge understand and prediction (i.e. Situation Awareness). The DCOPs functions were merged with Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) in the form of situation, awareness, and utility nodes. We describe how the uncertainties can be represented to the BBN and make an effective prediction using the expectation-maximization algorithm or conjugate gradient descent algorithm. The idea of variable prediction using Bayesian inference may reduce the number of variables in agents’ sampling domain and also allow missing variables estimations. Experiment results proved that the BBN perform compelling predictions with samples containing uncertainties than the perfect samples. That is, Bayesian inference can help in handling uncertainties and dynamism of DCOPs, which is the current issue in the DCOPs community. We show how Bayesian inference could be formalized with Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) using uncertain and missing agents’ data. The whole framework was tested on multi-UAV mission for forest fire searching. Future work focuses on augmenting existing architecture to deal with dynamic DCOPs algorithms and multi-agent information merging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCOP" title="DCOP">DCOP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20reasoning" title=" multi-agent reasoning"> multi-agent reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20reasoning" title=" Bayesian reasoning"> Bayesian reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116869/probabilistic-approach-of-dealing-with-uncertainties-in-distributed-constraint-optimization-problems-and-situation-awareness-for-multi-agent-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">171</span> Job in Modern Arabic Poetry: A Semantic and Comparative Approach to Two Poems Referring to the Poet Al-Sayyab</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeries%20Khoury">Jeries Khoury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of legendary, folkloric and religious symbols is one of the most important phenomena in modern Arabic poetry. Interestingly enough, most of the modern Arabic poetry’s pioneers were so fascinated by the biblical symbols and they managed to use many modern techniques to make these symbols adequate for their personal life from one side and fit to their Islamic beliefs from the other. One of the most famous poets to do so was al-Sayya:b. The way he employed one of these symbols ‘job’, the new features he adds to this character and the link between this character and his personal life will be discussed in this study. Besides, the study will examine the influence of al-Sayya:b on another modern poet Saadi Yusuf, who, following al-Sayya:b, used the character of Job in a special way, by mixing its features with al-Sayya:b’s personal features and in this way creating a new mixed character. A semantic, cultural and comparative analysis of the poems written by al-Sayya:b himself and the other poets who evoked the mixed image of al-Sayya:b-Job, can reveal the changes Arab poets made to the original biblical figure of Job to bring it closer to Islamic culture. The paper will make an intensive use of intertextuality idioms in order to shed light on the network of relations between three kinds of texts (indeed three <span dir="RTL">‘</span><em>palimpsests</em>’: 1- biblical- the primary text; 2- poetic- al-Syya:b’s secondary version; 3- re-poetic- Sa’di Yusuf’s tertiary version). The bottom line in this paper is that that al-Sayya:b was directly influenced by the dramatic biblical story of Job more than the brief Quranic version of the story. In fact, the ‘new’ character of Job designed by al-Sayya:b himself differs from the original one in many aspects that we can safely say it is the Sayyabian-Job that cannot be found in the poems of any other poets, unless they are evoking the own tragedy of al-Sayya:b himself, like what Saadi Yusuf did. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20poetry" title="Arabic poetry">Arabic poetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intertextuality" title=" intertextuality"> intertextuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job" title=" job"> job</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meter" title=" meter"> meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modernism" title=" modernism"> modernism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolism" title=" symbolism"> symbolism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101263/job-in-modern-arabic-poetry-a-semantic-and-comparative-approach-to-two-poems-referring-to-the-poet-al-sayyab" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">170</span> Multi-Agent Searching Adaptation Using Levy Flight and Inferential Reasoning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Yusuf">Sagir M. Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Baber"> Chris Baber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we describe how to achieve knowledge understanding and prediction (Situation Awareness (SA)) for multiple-agents conducting searching activity using Bayesian inferential reasoning and learning. Bayesian Belief Network was used to monitor agents' knowledge about their environment, and cases are recorded for the network training using expectation-maximisation or gradient descent algorithm. The well trained network will be used for decision making and environmental situation prediction. Forest fire searching by multiple UAVs was the use case. UAVs are tasked to explore a forest and find a fire for urgent actions by the fire wardens. The paper focused on two problems: (i) effective agents’ path planning strategy and (ii) knowledge understanding and prediction (SA). The path planning problem by inspiring animal mode of foraging using Lévy distribution augmented with Bayesian reasoning was fully described in this paper. Results proof that the Lévy flight strategy performs better than the previous fixed-pattern (e.g., parallel sweeps) approaches in terms of energy and time utilisation. We also introduced a waypoint assessment strategy called k-previous waypoints assessment. It improves the performance of the ordinary levy flight by saving agent’s resources and mission time through redundant search avoidance. The agents (UAVs) are to report their mission knowledge at the central server for interpretation and prediction purposes. Bayesian reasoning and learning were used for the SA and results proof effectiveness in different environments scenario in terms of prediction and effective knowledge representation. The prediction accuracy was measured using learning error rate, logarithm loss, and Brier score and the result proves that little agents mission that can be used for prediction within the same or different environment. Finally, we described a situation-based knowledge visualization and prediction technique for heterogeneous multi-UAV mission. While this paper proves linkage of Bayesian reasoning and learning with SA and effective searching strategy, future works is focusing on simplifying the architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levy%20flight" title="Levy flight">Levy flight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20constraint%20optimization%20problem" title=" distributed constraint optimization problem"> distributed constraint optimization problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent%20system" title=" multi-agent system"> multi-agent system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-robot%20coordination" title=" multi-robot coordination"> multi-robot coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20system" title=" autonomous system"> autonomous system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116932/multi-agent-searching-adaptation-using-levy-flight-and-inferential-reasoning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">169</span> On the Approximate Solution of Continuous Coefficients for Solving Third Order Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Sagir">A. M. Sagir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper derived four newly schemes which are combined in order to form an accurate and efficient block method for parallel or sequential solution of third order ordinary differential equations of the form y^'''= f(x,y,y^',y^'' ), y(α)=y_0,〖y〗^' (α)=β,y^('' ) (α)=μ with associated initial or boundary conditions. The implementation strategies of the derived method have shown that the block method is found to be consistent, zero stable and hence convergent. The derived schemes were tested on stiff and non-stiff ordinary differential equations, and the numerical results obtained compared favorably with the exact solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20method" title="block method">block method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20multistep" title=" linear multistep"> linear multistep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-starting" title=" self-starting"> self-starting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20order%20ordinary%20differential%20equations" title=" third order ordinary differential equations"> third order ordinary differential equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3659/on-the-approximate-solution-of-continuous-coefficients-for-solving-third-order-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">168</span> Numerical Treatment of Block Method for the Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Sagir">A. M. Sagir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discrete linear multistep block method of uniform order for the solution of first order Initial Value Problems (IVPs) in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) is presented in this paper. The approach of interpolation and collocation approximation are adopted in the derivation of the method which is then applied to first order ordinary differential equations with associated initial conditions. The continuous hybrid formulations enable us to differentiate and evaluate at some grids and off – grid points to obtain four discrete schemes, which were used in block form for parallel or sequential solutions of the problems. Furthermore, a stability analysis and efficiency of the block method are tested on ordinary differential equations, and the results obtained compared favorably with the exact solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20method" title="block method">block method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20order%20ordinary%20differential%20equations" title=" first order ordinary differential equations"> first order ordinary differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-starting" title=" self-starting "> self-starting </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3426/numerical-treatment-of-block-method-for-the-solution-of-ordinary-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> On a Continuous Formulation of Block Method for Solving First Order Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Sagir">A. M. Sagir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of the developed linear multistep block method for solving first order initial value problem of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The method calculates the numerical solution at three points simultaneously and produces three new equally spaced solution values within a block. The continuous formulations enable us to differentiate and evaluate at some selected points to obtain three discrete schemes, which were used in block form for parallel or sequential solutions of the problems. A stability analysis and efficiency of the block method are tested on ordinary differential equations involving practical applications, and the results obtained compared favorably with the exact solution. Furthermore, comparison of error analysis has been developed with the help of computer software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20method" title="block method">block method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20order%20ordinary%20differential%20equations" title=" first order ordinary differential equations"> first order ordinary differential equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20multistep" title=" linear multistep"> linear multistep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-starting" title=" self-starting"> self-starting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3622/on-a-continuous-formulation-of-block-method-for-solving-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations-odes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Effect of Training and Development on Employee Performance in the Banking Industry: A Case Study of Some Selected Banks within Bauchi Metropolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20Abubakar">Sagir Abubakar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organization must move along with the employees, because organization should adapt itself to the changing environment. The paper examines the effect of training and development on employee performance. Training and development has an important role in improve the performance, skills and attitude of employee in an organization. Training and development will also help an employee to do his present job or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. The paper analyses the employee performance towards training and development conducted in some selected banks within Bauchi metropolis. Review of related literature was done on, training, training objectives, methods and development and its method. A census survey was carried out using staff of GTB and Skye Banks Bauchi branch where a total of 40 questionnaires were administered personally by the researcher and there were 100% responses. Correlation analysis was adopted for the analysis of data collected. The study concludes that 95% of respondents agreed that training and development are vital for both employee and organizations performance. They also suggest that training and development should be made compulsory for all categories of employee in an organization. Training and Development programmes are necessary in any organization for improving the quality of work of the employee. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training" title="training">training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee" title=" employee"> employee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14490/effect-of-training-and-development-on-employee-performance-in-the-banking-industry-a-case-study-of-some-selected-banks-within-bauchi-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Parameter Study for TPU Nanofibers Fabricated via Centrifugal Spinning </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasin%20Akg%C3%BCl">Yasin Akgül</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Polat"> Yusuf Polat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Canbay"> Emine Canbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Ali Kılıç</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrospinning is the most common method to produce nanofibers. However, low production rate is still a big challenge for industrial applications of this method. In this study, morphology of nanofibers obtained from namely centrifugal spinning was investigated. Dominant process parameters acting on the fiber diameter and fiber orientation were discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20spinning" title="centrifugal spinning">centrifugal spinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title=" nanofiber"> nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPU%20nanofibers" title=" TPU nanofibers"> TPU nanofibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21298/parameter-study-for-tpu-nanofibers-fabricated-via-centrifugal-spinning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Producing TPU/Propolis Nanofibrous Membrane as Wound Dressing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasin%20Akg%C3%BCl">Yasin Akgül</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Polat"> Yusuf Polat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emine%20Canbay"> Emine Canbay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Ali Kılıç </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wound dressings have strategically and economic importance considering increase of chronic wounds in the world. In this study, TPU nanofibrous membranes containing propolis as wound dressing are produced by two different methods. Firstly, TPU solution and propolis extract were mixed and this solution was electrospun. The other method is that TPU/propolis blend was centrifugally spun. Properties of nanofibrous membranes obtained by these methods were compared. While realizing the experiments, both systems were optimized to produce nanofibers with nearly same average fiber diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber" title="nanofiber">nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20dressing" title=" wound dressing"> wound dressing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=centrifugal%20spinning" title=" centrifugal spinning"> centrifugal spinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21297/producing-tpupropolis-nanofibrous-membrane-as-wound-dressing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Electrical Geophysical and Physiochemical Assessment of the Impact of Environmental Pollution on the Groundwater Potential of a Waste Land fill at Tudun Murtala in Nassarawa Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Maitama%20Yusuf%20Hotoro">Abubakar Maitama Yusuf Hotoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olokpo%20Israel%20Olofu"> Olokpo Israel Olofu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20U.%20Tarauni"> Yusuf U. Tarauni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudassir%20A.%20Umar"> Mudassir A. Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20A"> Aliyu A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahiru%20Garba%20Diso"> Dahiru Garba Diso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20H.%20Jamoh"> Usman H. Jamoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sale"> M. Sale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study assessed the impact of environmental pollution on groundwater potential at Tudun Murtala waste land fill using electrical resistivity, induced polarization and Physiochemical methods. The study area is located between latitude 12.023678N and longitude 8.573676 E. Geophysical data were collected at maximum length of 140m along twelve profiles using ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000. Results from the Geophysical analysis showed that the profiles were underlain by three lithological layers; the top layer consisting of Loamy and Sand soils, alluvium, granite, shale and sandstone. The second and third layers were predominantly made of weathered and fractured basements respectively. The potential groundwater water bearing zones of the study area occurred at VES2, VES4, VES5, VES6 and VES7. The thicknesses of the sounding points were found to be 20.8m at VES2; 25.2m at VES4; 13.2m at VES5; 50.8m at VES6 and 13.3m at VES7. The corresponding depths for the sounding points were 20.8m at VES2; 27.9m at VES4; 26.7m at VES5; 51.6m at VES6 and 24.9m at VES7 respectively. The Physiochemical study of selected groundwater samples assessed parameters such as the Electrical Conductivity, EC (288dS/m to 1365dS/m), TDS (170.8mg/L to 820mg/L) Pb (0.546mg/l to 0.629mg/l), Cu (-0.001mg/l to 0.004mg/l), and Cd (0.031mg/l to 0.092mg/l). The physiochemical results showed that the groundwater around the dumpsite may have been contaminated, especially in Dumpsite Hole 1 and Hole 2 at VES4 and VES6 respectively. There are indications for suspected leachate mitigation around the two VES points. Even though, the pH values of 6.4 and 6.2 at the two sounding points were considered to be within the permissible pH range (6.5 to 6.8). The values of other elements present in the groundwater for the samples at other VES points were found to be above permissible WHO and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity%20induced%20polarization" title="resistivity induced polarization">resistivity induced polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chargeability" title=" chargeability"> chargeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leachate" title=" leachate"> leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179091/electrical-geophysical-and-physiochemical-assessment-of-the-impact-of-environmental-pollution-on-the-groundwater-potential-of-a-waste-land-fill-at-tudun-murtala-in-nassarawa-local-government-area-kano-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Socio-Religious Mythology of the Igala of Central Nigeria Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullahi%20Musa%20Yusuf">Abdullahi Musa Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Culture and traditions are an embodiment of every society. In Africa, people are socialized into believing that the world is full of mysteries. Mysteries that can only be explain through the interpretation of some forces which are ordinarily beyond the comprehension of Man. These forces have the power and capability of influencing the lives of the living either benevolently or malevolently. To decipher these mysteries various religious and cultural practices were evolved. This paper is therefore an attempt to explain the traditional religious belief system and the relationship existing between the forces of the living and dead among the Igala people of the Central Nigeria Region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tradition" title=" tradition"> tradition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mythology" title=" mythology"> mythology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18401/socio-religious-mythology-of-the-igala-of-central-nigeria-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Psychoanalytical Foreshadowing: The Application of a Literary Device in Quranic Narratology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fateme%20Montazeri">Fateme Montazeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Literary approaches towards the text of the Quran predate the modern period. Suyuti (d.1505)’s encyclopedia of Quranic sciences, Al-Itqan, provides a notable example. In the modern era, the study of the Quranic rhetorics received particular attention in the second half of the twentieth century by Egyptian scholars. Amin Al-Khouli (d. 1966), who might be considered the first to argue for the necessity of applying a literary-rhetorical lens toward the tafseer, Islamic exegesis, and his students championed the literary analysis as the most effective approach to the comprehension of the holy text. Western scholars continued the literary criticism of the Islamic scripture by applying to the Quran similar methodologies used in biblical studies. In the history of the literary examination of the Quran, the scope of the critical methods applied to the Quranic text has been limited. For, the rhetorical approaches to the Quran, in the premodern as well as the modern period, concerned almost exclusively with the lexical layer of the text, leaving the narratological dimensions insufficiently examined. Recent contributions, by Leyla Ozgur Alhassen, for instance, attempt to fill this lacunae. This paper aims at advancing the studies of the Quranic narratives by investigating the application of a literary device whose role in the Quranic stories remains unstudied, that is, “foreshadowing.” This paper shall focus on Chapter 12, “Surah al-Yusuf,” as its case study. Chapter 12, the single chapter that includes the story of Joseph in one piece, contains several instances in which the events of the story are foreshadowed. As shall be discussed, foreshadowing occurs either through a monolog or dialogue whereby one or more of the characters allude to the future happenings or through the manner in which the setting is described. Through a close reading of the text, it will be demonstrated that the usage of the rhetorical tool of foreshadowing meets a dual purpose: on the one hand, foreshadowing prepares the reader/audience for the upcoming events in the plot, and on the other hand, it highlights the psychological dimensions of the characters, their thoughts, intentions, and disposition. In analyzing the story, this study shall draw on psychoanalytical criticism to explore the layers of meanings embedded in the Quranic narrative that are unfolded through foreshadowing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreshadowing" title="foreshadowing">foreshadowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quranic%20narrative" title=" quranic narrative"> quranic narrative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literary%20criticism" title=" literary criticism"> literary criticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surah%20yusuf" title=" surah yusuf"> surah yusuf</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145580/psychoanalytical-foreshadowing-the-application-of-a-literary-device-in-quranic-narratology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> The Element of Episode and Idea in the Descriptive Poetry of Hutai'A</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ismaila%20Yusuf">Abubakar Ismaila Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research studied element of episode (events) and idea in the descriptive poetry of Hutai’a with the intention to sale the opinion of this type of analysis to others, and also encourage and open door for researchers that thinks only in drama and novel those elements can be implemented. The research uses explanatory method to point out the element of episode and ideology from the said poetry to show that the same element of drama can be seen in poetry. The research finds that element of drama and novel can be seen and implemented analytically in dramatic and some descriptive poetry and its likes. The researcher finally advice colleague to widened scope of research and always think of modernizing it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hutai%27a" title="Hutai'a">Hutai'a</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poetry" title=" poetry"> poetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drama" title=" drama"> drama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel" title=" novel"> novel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48474/the-element-of-episode-and-idea-in-the-descriptive-poetry-of-hutaia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Effects of the Fractional Order on Nanoparticles in Blood Flow through the Stenosed Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Abdulhameed">Mohammed Abdulhameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Abdullahi"> Sagir M. Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, based on the applications of nanoparticle, the blood flow along with nanoparticles through stenosed artery is studied. The blood is acted by periodic body acceleration, an oscillating pressure gradient and an external magnetic field. The mathematical formulation is based on Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative without singular kernel. The model of ordinary blood, corresponding to time-derivatives of integer order, is obtained as a limiting case. Analytical solutions of the blood velocity and temperature distribution are obtained by means of the Hankel and Laplace transforms. Effects of the order of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives and three different nanoparticles i.e. Fe3O4, TiO4 and Cu are studied. The results highlights that, models with fractional derivatives bring significant differences compared to the ordinary model. It is observed that the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticle reduced the resistance impedance of the blood flow and temperature distribution through bell shape stenosed arteries as compared to TiO4 and Cu nanoparticles. On entering in the stenosed area, blood temperature increases slightly, but, increases considerably and reaches its maximum value in the stenosis throat. The shears stress has variation from a constant in the area without stenosis and higher in the layers located far to the longitudinal axis of the artery. This fact can be an important for some clinical applications in therapeutic procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20flow" title=" blood flow"> blood flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stenosed%20%20artery" title=" stenosed artery"> stenosed artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20models" title=" mathematical models"> mathematical models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58237/effects-of-the-fractional-order-on-nanoparticles-in-blood-flow-through-the-stenosed-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> E-Marketing Strategy: A Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks Branches in Bauchi State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20Abubakar">Sagir Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic means of transaction has provided an opportunity especially for commercial banks to entice more customers that will subsequently boost their return on investment. It moves them from traditional marketing into digital marketing and gives them a competitive advantage over others in the same industry.The paper, therefore, examined the competitive advantage of the electronic marketing strategy among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of e-marketing strategy as a competitive advantage among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state and to evaluate the level of enlightenment campaign offered by the commercial banks branches to their customers on e-marketing. The study obtained data from the staff of the five (s) selected banks branches as the respondents to answer the questionnaire. The research is a quantitative research, where the data where obtained using questionnaire. 100 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed using SPSS’s regression analysis. The research among other findings discovered that, the e-marketing has led to a significant improvement in the banking industry and is expected to continue because of the improvement in the ICT sector. It was also found out that most customers are not aware of the electronic products offered by commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. Some of factors affecting the adoption of e-marketing by banks as indicated from the findings include: top management commitment, government policy on ICT and availability of ICT personnel. The study recommended that commercial banks branches should engage in enlightenment campaign about the existing of their e- products/services, management should place an incentives in order to raise the interest of customers to patronize the products/services online. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-marketing%20strategy" title="e-marketing strategy">e-marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bauchi%20State" title=" Bauchi State"> Bauchi State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14495/e-marketing-strategy-a-competitive-advantage-among-commercial-banks-branches-in-bauchi-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> E-Marketing Strategy a Competitive Advantage among Commercial Bank Branches in Bauchi State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20Abubakar">Sagir Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic means of transaction has provided an opportunity especially for commercial banks to entice more customers that will subsequently boost their return on investment. It moves them from traditional marketing into digital marketing and gives them a competitive advantage over others in the same industry. The paper, therefore, examined the competitive advantage of the electronic marketing strategy among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of e-marketing strategy as a competitive advantage among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state and to evaluate the level of enlightenment campaign offered by the commercial banks branches to their customers on e-marketing. The study obtained data from the staff of the five (s) selected banks branches as the respondents to answer the questionnaire. The research is a quantitative research, where the data where obtained using questionnaire. 100 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed using SPSS’s regression analysis. The research among other findings discovered that the e-marketing has led to a significant improvement in the banking industry and is expected to continue because of the improvement in the ICT sector. It was also found out that most customers are not aware of the electronic products offered by commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. Some of factors affecting the adoption of e-marketing by banks as indicated from the findings include: top management commitment, government policy on ICT and availability of ICT personnel. The study recommended that commercial banks branches should engage in enlightenment campaign about the existing of their e- products/services, management should place an incentive in order to raise the interest of customers to patronize the products/services online. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-marketing%20strategy" title="e-marketing strategy">e-marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bauchi%20State" title=" Bauchi State"> Bauchi State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23068/e-marketing-strategy-a-competitive-advantage-among-commercial-bank-branches-in-bauchi-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> Survival Data with Incomplete Missing Categorical Covariates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madaki%20Umar%20Yusuf">Madaki Umar Yusuf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rizam%20B.%20Abubakar"> Mohd Rizam B. Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The survival censored data with incomplete covariate data is a common occurrence in many studies in which the outcome is survival time. With model when the missing covariates are categorical, a useful technique for obtaining parameter estimates is the EM by the method of weights. The survival outcome for the class of generalized linear model is applied and this method requires the estimation of the parameters of the distribution of the covariates. In this paper, we propose some clinical trials with ve covariates, four of which have some missing values which clearly show that they were fully censored data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20algorithm" title="EM algorithm">EM algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incomplete%20categorical%20covariates" title=" incomplete categorical covariates"> incomplete categorical covariates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignorable%20missing%20data" title=" ignorable missing data"> ignorable missing data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20at%20random%20%28MAR%29" title=" missing at random (MAR)"> missing at random (MAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20Distribution" title=" Weibull Distribution"> Weibull Distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43520/survival-data-with-incomplete-missing-categorical-covariates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> Root Causes of Child Labour in Hargeisa, Somaliland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdikarim%20Yusuf">Abdikarim Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study uses data from Somalia to analyse child labour using a descriptive and qualitative method. The study set out to identify root causes of child labour in Hargeisa and its implications for children. The study shows that poverty, droughts, family separation, and loss of properties are primary drivers of child labour in Hargeisa. The study found that children work in very difficult jobs such as car wash, casual work, and shoe shining for boys while girls work as housemaids, selling tea, Khat and sometimes are at risk of exploitation such as sexual abuse, rape and harassment. The majority of the parents responded that they don’t know any policy, act or law that protects children. Men showed greater awareness than the women respondents in recognizing child labour as a child rights violation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abuse" title="abuse">abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child" title=" child"> child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131490/root-causes-of-child-labour-in-hargeisa-somaliland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Prospective English Language Teachers’ Views on Translation Use in Foreign Language Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20Bozok">Ozlem Bozok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Bozok"> Yusuf Bozok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of using mother tongue and translation in foreign language classrooms cannot be ignored and translation can be utilized as a method in English Language Teaching courses. There exist researches advocating or objecting to the use of translation in foreign language learning but they all have a point in common: Translation should be used as an aid to teaching, not an end in itself. In this research, prospective English language teachers’ opinions about translation use and use of mother tongue in foreign language teaching are investigated and according to the findings, some explanations and recommendations are made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20to%20foreign%20language%20translation" title="exposure to foreign language translation">exposure to foreign language translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20learning" title=" foreign language learning"> foreign language learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prospective%20teachers%E2%80%99%20opinions" title=" prospective teachers’ opinions"> prospective teachers’ opinions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20L1" title=" use of L1"> use of L1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17268/prospective-english-language-teachers-views-on-translation-use-in-foreign-language-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Synthesis and Use of Bio Polyols in Rigid Polyurethane Foam Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Esra%20Pi%C5%9Fkin">A. Esra Pişkin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Yusuf%20Yivlik"> L. Yusuf Yivlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyurethane consumption in the world increases every year. Polyetherpolyol, which is the main raw material of polyurethane, is produced from petroleum, and bioresources are needed in polyol production due to the damage it causes to the environment and the consumption of too much energy during the production phase. In this present work, bio polyol was synthesized with castor oil and soybean oil, and its use in rigid polyurethane systems was investigated. Transesterification and ring opening methods were applied for polyol synthesis, and the obtained bio polyols were compared with polyols derived petroleum. The goal of the present study was to synthesize biopolyols and to investigate the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the synthesized polyurethane in terms of bio polyols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title="polyurethane">polyurethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyol" title=" polyol"> polyol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolyol" title=" biopolyol"> biopolyol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20oil" title=" vegetable oil"> vegetable oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam" title=" foam"> foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid%20polyurethane%20foam" title=" rigid polyurethane foam"> rigid polyurethane foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20opening" title=" ring opening"> ring opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143609/synthesis-and-use-of-bio-polyols-in-rigid-polyurethane-foam-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Strong Convergence of an Iterative Sequence in Real Banach Spaces with Kadec Klee Property</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Yusuf%20Batsari">Umar Yusuf Batsari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let E be a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex real Banach space and C be a nonempty, closed and convex subset of E. Let $V= \{S_i : C\to C, ~i=1, 2, 3\cdots N\}$ be a convex set of relatively nonexpansive mappings containing identity. In this paper, an iterative sequence obtained from CQ algorithm was shown to have strongly converge to a point $\hat{x}$ which is a common fixed point of relatively nonexpansive mappings in V and also solve the system of equilibrium problems in E. The result improve some existing results in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relatively%20nonexpansive%20mappings" title="relatively nonexpansive mappings">relatively nonexpansive mappings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20convergence" title=" strong convergence"> strong convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20problems" title=" equilibrium problems"> equilibrium problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformly%20smooth%20space" title=" uniformly smooth space"> uniformly smooth space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniformly%20convex%20space" title=" uniformly convex space"> uniformly convex space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20set" title=" convex set"> convex set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kadec%20klee%20property" title=" kadec klee property"> kadec klee property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21142/strong-convergence-of-an-iterative-sequence-in-real-banach-spaces-with-kadec-klee-property" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Citation Analysis on the Articles published in Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (BAJOPAS), from 2008-2020: An International Journal in Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Babalola">G. A. Babalola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Muhammad"> Yusuf Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An analysis was carried out on 19,759 citations appended to the References Section of 881 research articles published in Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. It was found that journals publications were the most cited source of information among pure and applied sciences scientists with 12,090 (61.2%). The study also revealed that researchers in the field of pure and applied sciences used very current and up to date information sources in writing theirs articles with 10,091 (51.1%) citations and an average mean 11.1 per article in the journal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citation%20analysis" title="citation analysis">citation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BAJOPAS" title=" BAJOPAS"> BAJOPAS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=journal%20article" title=" journal article"> journal article</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayero%20University%20Kano" title=" Bayero University Kano"> Bayero University Kano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144699/citation-analysis-on-the-articles-published-in-bayero-journal-of-pure-and-applied-sciences-bajopas-from-2008-2020-an-international-journal-in-bayero-university-kano-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Entrepreneurship in Nigeria-Funding and Financing Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Abdullahi">Yusuf Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The contribution of entrepreneurship in the economic development cannot be over-emphasized neither it should be underestimated for any reason as this is already a known fact that it plays an important role as a change agent and as a prime mover of economy. In developed or underdeveloped economy, the essence of entrepreneurship is highly significant as this exist in both private as well as public sectors of any economy. The roles of entrepreneurship are worldly acclaimed but yet as laudable as these roles there can be no significant success by any entrepreneur except with availability of finance. Nonetheless, mere availability of finance also cannot guarantee the success of an enterprise but there must be in place appropriate financial strategies for the funding/investment needs of an enterprise. Thus, little has been said when it comes to strategies needed to access various sources of finance. This paper, therefore, establishes appropriate strategies to obtain funds sources of finance by both small and as well as medium enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title="entrepreneurship">entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20strategies" title=" financial strategies"> financial strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19197/entrepreneurship-in-nigeria-funding-and-financing-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Surface Roughness Analysis, Modelling and Prediction in Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20S.%20Dambatta">Yusuf S. Dambatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most prominent rapid prototyping (RP) technologies which is being used to efficiently fabricate CAD 3D geometric models. However, the process is coupled with many drawbacks, of which the surface quality of the manufactured RP parts is among. Hence, studies relating to improving the surface roughness have been a key issue in the field of RP research. In this work, a technique of modelling the surface roughness in FDM is presented. Using experimentally measured surface roughness response of the FDM parts, an ANFIS prediction model was developed to obtain the surface roughness in the FDM parts using the main critical process parameters that affects the surface quality. The ANFIS model was validated and compared with experimental test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title="surface roughness">surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling%20%28FDM%29" title=" fused deposition modelling (FDM)"> fused deposition modelling (FDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro%20fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title=" adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)"> adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529/surface-roughness-analysis-modelling-and-prediction-in-fused-deposition-modelling-additive-manufacturing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Epigenetic Modulation of Bacterial Pathogen in Infant and Toddler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Yusuf%20Raj">Aftab Yusuf Raj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates. They are 3rd most abundant solid component found in breast milk, after lactose and lipids. HMO has profound beneficial health benefit effects on infants and toddlers. They have diverse roles, in immuno-modulation, development of neonatal gut, influencing the commensal microbiota of developing gut, and anti-inflammatory functions. HMOs, gut and commensal microbiota of the gut work synergistically to bring positive impact on infant and toddler health. HMO influences the gut-brain axis, maintains good mental health and cognitive function and inhibits neuronal inflammation. HMOs are now applied in infant nutrition, and supplementation of HMOs in infant formula is a promising innovation for infant nutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMO%E2%80%99s" title="HMO’s">HMO’s</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut" title=" gut"> gut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epigenetic%20modulation" title=" epigenetic modulation"> epigenetic modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191265/role-of-human-milk-oligosaccharides-hmos-in-epigenetic-modulation-of-bacterial-pathogen-in-infant-and-toddler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Settlement of Dispute and the Islamic Financial Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Sani%20Abubakar">Yusuf Sani Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). Dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The paper aims to investigate how disputes are settled at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs), as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in the business of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the sources are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis will be used. In addition to writings on this topic by various writers, this paper will add to the literature and will recommend certain effective ways of solving disputes arising between parties participating in the business of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20finance" title="Islamic finance">Islamic finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispute%20resolution" title=" dispute resolution"> dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20financial%20institutions" title=" Islamic financial institutions"> Islamic financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litigation" title=" litigation"> litigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154969/settlement-of-dispute-and-the-islamic-financial-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Africa’s Political and Economic Transformation and the Role of the Disporas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noah%20Yusuf">Noah Yusuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper examined the current level of socio-political and economic development in Africa. Models and experiences from other regions of the world, especially, developing ones with similar historical experience with Africa, were explored. The paper concluded that recommendations emanating from past conferences, seminars and symposia on the continent’s socio-economic and political challenges have been poorly implemented because of lack of strong political will; the donor syndrome; weak resource base; capacity constraints in institutions; and lack of accountability, transparency and poor governance. It is, therefore, recommended that African countries need implement sound policies and reforms on a comprehensive basis, if they are to achieve the desired socio-economic and political transformation; and the African in Diasporas represent critical instruments in attaining the socio-economic and political objectives of the continent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20transformation" title=" political transformation"> political transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20transformation" title=" economic transformation"> economic transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africans%20in%20diasporas" title=" Africans in diasporas "> Africans in diasporas </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16699/africas-political-and-economic-transformation-and-the-role-of-the-disporas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Yusuf&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20M.%20Yusuf&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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