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id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Língua" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Língua </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=L%C3%ADbano&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Vigiar </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Editar </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Líbano (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a>: لبنان; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: Lubnān; pronúncia em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabe_liban%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabe libanês">árabe libanês</a>: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Alfabeto fonético internacional">[libɑ̃]</a>; em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a>: Liban; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: pronúncia em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a>: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Alfabeto_fon%C3%A9tico_internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Alfabeto fonético internacional">[libɑ̃]</a>, em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sir%C3%ADaca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua siríaca">siríaco</a>: ܠܒܢܢ; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: ), oficialmente República do Líbano (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a>: اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّة اَللُّبْنَانِيَّة; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-Loubnānīyah; lit. República Libanesa)<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[nota 1]</a> é um país localizado na extremidade leste do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">mar Mediterrâneo</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudoeste_Asi%C3%A1tico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudoeste Asiático">Ásia Ocidental</a>, numa região que faz ligação entre esse continente e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Faz fronteira com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a> ao norte e a leste e com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> ao sul e a oeste.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fronteira-3">[3]</a> No cruzamento da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bacia_do_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bacia do Mediterrâneo">bacia do Mediterrâneo</a>, o Líbano é uma das regiões de antigas civilizações, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenícia">fenícios</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ass%C3%ADrios_(grupo_%C3%A9tnico)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assírios (grupo étnico)">assírios</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persas">persas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregos_bizantinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregos bizantinos">gregos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">romanos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregos_bizantinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregos bizantinos">bizantinos</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">turcos otomanos</a>, sendo que sua rica história formou a identidade cultural única em diversidade étnica e religiosa do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[8]</a> <table class="infobox geography" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width:22em; border:1px solid #A2A9B1; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:88%;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; margin-left:inherit; font-size:125%; padding-bottom: 0.2em; line-height:1.1em; text-align:center; margin-left:inherit; font-size:125%; padding-bottom: 0.2em; line-height:1.1em;">República do Líbano</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:none; font-weight:normal; font-size:135%; padding:0em; padding-bottom:0.3em; line-height:1.1em;">(em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a>: اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّة اَللُّبْنَانِيَّة; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: Al-Jumhūrīyah Al-Loubnānīyah; lit. República Libanesa)</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandeira do Líbano"><img alt="Bandeira do Líbano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/125px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/188px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/250px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"></a> </div> <div> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandeira_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandeira do Líbano">Bandeira</a> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Brasão de armas do Líbano"><img alt="Brasão de armas do Líbano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="208"></a> </div> <div> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasão de armas do Líbano">Brasão de Armas</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-weight:normal; font-size:95%;">Hino: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koullouna_Lilouataan_Lil_Oula_Lil_Alam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koullouna Lilouataan Lil Oula Lil Alam">Hino nacional do Líbano</a> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a>: النشيد الوطني اللبناني; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romanização (linguística)">romaniz.</a>: Koullouna Lilouataan Lil Oula Lil Alam; lit. "Todos pela Pátria, a Glória, a Bandeira") <center> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Lebanese_national_anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Lebanese_national_anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/Lebanese_national_anthem.ogg/Lebanese_national_anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALebanese_national_anthem.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio> </center></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanon_(orthographic_projection).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Localização do República do Líbano"><img alt="Localização do República do Líbano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lebanon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Lebanon_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lebanon_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/375px-Lebanon_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lebanon_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/500px-Lebanon_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Capital e maior cidade</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Map/13/33.9/35.533/pt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="13" data-lat="33.9" data-lon="35.533" data-overlays="["_8811c58f77aa0ad6f6eea0b1e8056a57d0ddd9ce"]">33° 54′ N, 35° 32′ L</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Língua oficial</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">Árabe</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-l%C3%ADnguas-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Outras línguas</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabe_liban%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabe libanês">Árabe libanês</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-l%C3%ADnguas-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gent%C3%ADlico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentílico">Gentílico</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libaneses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libaneses">libanês(a)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Governo</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamentarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamentarismo">República parlamentarista</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_unit%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado unitário">unitária</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ct-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_presidentes_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de presidentes do Líbano">Presidente</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Aoun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_primeiros-ministros_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de primeiros-ministros do Líbano">Primeiro-ministro</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nawaf Salam (página não existe)">Nawaf Salam</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento do Líbano">Presidente do Parlamento</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nabih_Berri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; text-align:left;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Independ%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Independência">Independência</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Declarada</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/26_de_novembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="26 de novembro">26 de novembro</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1941?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1941">1941</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Reconhecida</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22_de_novembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="22 de novembro">22 de novembro</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1943?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1943">1943</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; text-align:left;">Área</th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">10 400 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quil%C3%B3metro_quadrado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilómetro quadrado">km²</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_e_territ%C3%B3rios_por_%C3%A1rea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países e territórios por área">161.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Água (%)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">1,6</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fronteira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fronteira">Fronteira</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a> (ao norte e leste) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> (ao sul)<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fronteira-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; text-align:left;">População</th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Estimativa para 2018</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">6 859 408<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> hab. (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por população">109.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densidade_populacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densidade populacional">Densidade</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">560 hab./km² (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_densidade_populacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por densidade populacional">21.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produto_interno_bruto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produto interno bruto">PIB</a> (base <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paridade_do_poder_de_compra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paridade do poder de compra">PPC</a>)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top;">Estimativa para 2019</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$ 91 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilh%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilhões">bilhões</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra)">66.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renda_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renda per capita">Per capita</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$ 15 049<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra) per capita">67.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$ 58 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilh%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilhões">bilhões</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal">82.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renda_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renda per capita">Per capita</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$ 9 655<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal per capita">67.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvimento_Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano">IDH</a> (2019)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;">0,744 (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvimento_Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano">92.º</a>) – alto<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IDH-6">[6]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Moeda</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libra_libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libra libanesa">Libra libanesa</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">LBP</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuso_hor%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuso horário">Fuso horário</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;">(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempo_Universal_Coordenado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempo Universal Coordenado">UTC</a>+2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px; border: none;"> • Verão (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hor%C3%A1rio_de_ver%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horário de verão">DST</a>)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempo_Universal_Coordenado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempo Universal Coordenado">UTC</a>+3)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">Cód. ISO</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;">LBN</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_TLDs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de TLDs">Cód. Internet</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.lb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".lb">.lb</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_c%C3%B3digos_telef%C3%B3nicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de códigos telefónicos">Cód. telef.</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;">+961</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 07px;">Website governamental</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;"> <div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dawlati.gov.lb/">dawlati.gov.lb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dawlati.gov.lb/en/home">dawlati.gov.lb/en/home</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; padding-left: 0.3em;" class="">1 O idioma oficial é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a>, e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a> é utilizado na justiça, em casos especiais, conforme ao artigo 11.º da constituição. Ao lado do francês o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a> é amplamente difundido entre a população. Também há comunidades menores de falantes de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_castelhana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua castelhana">castelhano</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">italiano</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua alemã">alemão</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_portuguesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua portuguesa">português</a> (no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_do_Beca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vale do Beca">Vale do Beca</a>), entre outros.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Os primeiros indícios de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Civilização">civilização</a> no Líbano remontam há mais de 7 000 anos de história registrada.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-byblos-10">[9]</a> O Líbano foi o local de origem dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenícios">fenícios</a>, uma cultura marítima que floresceu durante quase 2 500 anos (3 000−539 a.C.). Após o colapso do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a> após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial">Primeira Guerra Mundial</a>, as cinco províncias que compõem o Líbano moderno ficaram sob mandato da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>. O Líbano estabeleceu um sistema político único em 1942, conhecido como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confessionalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confessionalismo">confessionalismo</a>, um mecanismo de partilha de poder com base em comunidades religiosas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Foi criado quando os franceses expandiram as fronteiras do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">monte Líbano</a>, que era maioritariamente habitado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Maronita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Maronita">católicos maronitas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">drusos</a>, para incluir mais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muçulmano">muçulmanos</a>. O país ganhou a independência em 1943, e as tropas francesas se retiraram em 1946. Antes da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">Guerra Civil Libanesa</a> (1975-1990), o país vivia um período de relativa calma e prosperidade, impulsionada pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turismo">turismo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> e serviços <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco">bancários</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-us_dos-12">[11]</a> Por causa de seu poder financeiro e diversidade, o Líbano era conhecido em seu auge como o "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a> do Oriente".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[12]</a> O país atraiu um grande número de turistas,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tourism-14">[13]</a> tal que a capital <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> era referida como "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9dio_Oriente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Médio Oriente">Oriente Médio</a>". No final da guerra, houve grandes esforços para reanimar a economia e reconstruir a infraestrutura do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Até julho de 2006, o Líbano desfrutou de uma estabilidade considerável, a reconstrução de Beirute estava praticamente concluída<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[15]</a> e um número crescente de turistas se hospedavam nos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resort">resorts</a> do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tourism-14">[13]</a> Em seguida, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 2006">guerra de 2006</a> entre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> causou a morte de civis e significativos danos na infraestrutura civil do Líbano. O conflito durou de 12 de julho daquele ano até um cessar-fogo patrocinado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização das Nações Unidas">ONU</a> em 14 de agosto.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[16]</a> No dia 4 de agosto de 2020, Beirute foi fortemente abalada por duas fortes explosões que provocaram mais de 100 mortos e milhares de feridos. Na origem das explosões estiveram 2 750 toneladas de nitrato de amónio armazenadas num depósito do porto de Beirute.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia">1 Etimologia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hist%C3%B3ria">2 História</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Antiguidade">2.1 Antiguidade</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dom%C3%ADnio_%C3%A1rabe,_otomano_e_franc%C3%AAs">2.2 Domínio árabe, otomano e francês</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Independ%C3%AAncia">2.3 Independência</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Guerra_civil_e_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_s%C3%ADria">2.4 Guerra civil e ocupação síria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Retirada_das_tropas_s%C3%ADrias">2.5 Retirada das tropas sírias</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Instabilidade_p%C3%B3s-guerra_civil">2.6 Instabilidade pós-guerra civil</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crise_de_2019%E2%80%932021">2.7 Crise de 2019–2021</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia">3 Geografia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clima">3.1 Clima</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Meio_ambiente">3.2 Meio ambiente</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografia">4 Demografia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religi%C3%B5es">4.1 Religiões</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Composi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A9tnica_e_lingu%C3%ADstica">4.2 Composição étnica e linguística</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cidades_mais_populosas">4.3 Cidades mais populosas</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pol%C3%ADtica">5 Política</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Direitos_humanos">5.1 Direitos humanos</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#For%C3%A7as_armadas">5.2 Forças armadas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_internacionais">5.3 Relações internacionais</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Divis%C3%B5es_administrativas">6 Divisões administrativas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economia">7 Economia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Turismo">7.1 Turismo</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Infraestrutura">8 Infraestrutura</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transportes">8.1 Transportes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o">8.2 Educação</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sa%C3%BAde">8.3 Saúde</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultura">9 Cultura</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#M%C3%BAsica,_literatura_e_artes_visuais">9.1 Música, literatura e artes visuais</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cinema_e_m%C3%ADdia">9.2 Cinema e mídia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culin%C3%A1ria">9.3 Culinária</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esportes">9.4 Esportes</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ver_tamb%C3%A9m">10 Ver também</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notas">11 Notas</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias">12 Referências</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia">12.1 Bibliografia</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_externas">13 Ligações externas</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> O nome Líbano origina-se do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_sem%C3%ADticas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas semíticas">semítico</a> lbn (لبن), que significa "branco", provavelmente uma referência à neve que cobre o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">monte Líbano</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Ocorrências do nome foram encontrados em diferentes textos da biblioteca de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebla">Ebla</a> (que data do terceiro milênio a.C.),<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[19]</a> cerca de 70 vezes na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_hebraica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bíblia hebraica">Bíblia hebraica</a> e em três das doze tábuas da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epopeia_de_Gilgam%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epopeia de Gilgamés">Epopeia de Gilgamesh</a> (escrito em 2100 a.C.).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[20]</a> O nome é registrado no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antigo_Egito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antigo Egito">Antigo Egito</a> como Rmnn.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[21]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="História">História</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: História" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69236695">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História do Líbano">História do Líbano</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Antiguidade">Antiguidade</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Antiguidade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenícios">Fenícios</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia_romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenícia romana">Fenícia romana</a>, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartago">Cartago</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Phoenicia_map-pt.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Phoenicia_map-pt.svg/220px-Phoenicia_map-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="405"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Phoenicia_map-pt.svg/220px-Phoenicia_map-pt.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Phoenicia_map-pt.svg/330px-Phoenicia_map-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Phoenicia_map-pt.svg/440px-Phoenicia_map-pt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenícia">Fenícia</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Bacchus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templo_de_Baco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templo de Baco">Templo de Baco</a>, em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balbeque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balbeque">Balbeque</a> </figcaption> </figure> Evidências que datam de um antigo assentamento no Líbano foram encontradas em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biblos">Biblos</a>, considerada uma das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_das_cidades_mais_antigas_continuadamente_habitadas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista das cidades mais antigas continuadamente habitadas">cidades continuamente habitadas mais antigas do mundo</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-byblos-10">[9]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PeltenburgWasse2004a-23">[22]</a> A evidência data de antes de 5000 a.C. e os arqueólogos descobriram vestígios de cabanas pré-históricas com pisos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedra_calc%C3%A1ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedra calcária">pedra calcária</a> esmagados, armas primitivas e vasos funerários deixados pelas comunidades pesqueiras <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolítica">neolíticas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcolítica">calcolíticas</a> que viveram na costa do Mar Mediterrâneo há mais de 7 mil anos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[23]</a> O Líbano fazia parte do norte de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cana%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canaã">Canaã</a> e, consequentemente, tornou-se a pátria dos descendentes dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cananeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cananeus">cananeus</a>, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenícios">fenícios</a>, um povo marítimo que se espalhou pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterrâneo">Mediterrâneo</a> no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeiro_mil%C3%AAnio_a.C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeiro milênio a.C.">primeiro milênio a.C.</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[24]</a> As cidades fenícias mais proeminentes foram Biblos, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiro">Tiro</a>, enquanto suas colônias mais famosas foram <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cartago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cartago">Cartago</a>, na atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tun%C3%ADsia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tunísia">Tunísia</a>, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A1diz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a>, na atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>. Os fenícios são creditados com a invenção do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto_fen%C3%ADcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto fenício">alfabeto mais antigo já registrado</a>, que posteriormente inspirou o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto_grego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto grego">alfabeto grego</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto_latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto latino">latino</a> posteriores. As cidades da Fenícia foram incorporadas ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Aquem%C3%AAnida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Aquemênida">Império Aquemênida</a> por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciro,_o_Grande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciro, o Grande">Ciro, o Grande</a>, em 539 a.C..<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-books.google.nl-26">[25]</a> As cidades-Estado fenícias foram posteriormente incorporadas ao império de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre,_o_Grande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre, o Grande">Alexandre, o Grande</a>, após o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cerco_de_Tiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cerco de Tiro">Cerco de Tiro</a> em 332 a.C..<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-books.google.nl-26">[25]</a> A região que agora é o Líbano, assim como o resto da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a> e grande parte da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anat%C3%B3lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatólia">Anatólia</a>, tornou-se um importante centro do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristianismo</a> no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">Império Romano</a> durante o início da difusão da fé. Durante o final do século IV e início do século V, um eremita chamado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maron_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maron do Líbano">Maron</a> estabeleceu uma tradição monástica focada na importância do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monote%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monoteísmo">monoteísmo</a> e do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ascetismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetismo">ascetismo</a>, perto da cordilheira mediterrânea conhecida como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">Monte Líbano</a>. Os monges que seguiram Maron espalharam seus ensinamentos entre os libaneses da região. Esses cristãos ficaram conhecidos como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maronitas">maronitas</a> e se mudaram para as montanhas para evitar a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persegui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_religiosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseguição religiosa">perseguição religiosa</a> pelas autoridades romanas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Durante as frequentes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerras_romano-persas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerras romano-persas">guerras romano-persas</a> que duraram muitos séculos, os persas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sass%C3%A2nidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassânidas">sassânidas</a> ocuparam o que hoje é o Líbano entre os anos 619 e 629.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Domínio_árabe,_otomano_e_francês">Domínio árabe, otomano e francês</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Domínio árabe, otomano e francês" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conquista_mu%C3%A7ulmana_da_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquista muçulmana da Síria">Conquista muçulmana da Síria</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expans%C3%A3o_isl%C3%A2mica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expansão islâmica">Expansão islâmica</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a>, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandato_Franc%C3%AAs_da_S%C3%ADria_e_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano">Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg/220px-DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg/220px-DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg/330px-DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg/440px-DeirAlQamar-FakhredinePalace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Palácio do governador otomano <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fakhr-al-Din_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fakhr-al-Din II (página não existe)">Fakhr-al-Din II</a>, século XVII </figcaption> </figure> Após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conquista_mu%C3%A7ulmana_da_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquista muçulmana da Síria">conquista muçulmana do Levante</a> no século VII, o território do atual Líbano fez parte dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Califado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Califado">califados</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Califado_Ortodoxo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Califado Ortodoxo">Ortodoxo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Califado_Om%C3%ADada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Califado Omíada">Omíada</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Califado_Ab%C3%A1ssida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Califado Abássida">Abássida</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Selj%C3%BAcida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Seljúcida">Seljúcida</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Califado_Fat%C3%ADmida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Califado Fatímida">Fatímida</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruzadas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cruzadas">Estado cruzado</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condado_de_Tr%C3%ADpoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condado de Trípoli">Condado de Trípoli</a>, fundado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raimundo_IV_de_Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raimundo IV de Toulouse">Raimundo IV de Toulouse</a> em 1102, abrangia a maior parte do atual Líbano, mas caiu ao controle para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sultanato_Mameluco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanato Mameluco">Sultanato Mameluco</a> em 1289 e finalmente para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a> em 1516.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Durante este período, o Líbano era dividido em várias províncias: Monte Líbano do Norte e do Sul, Trípoli, Balbeque e Vale de Beqaa e Jabal Amel. No Monte Líbano do Sul em 1590, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fakhr-al-Din_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fakhr-al-Din II (página não existe)">Fakhr-al-Din II</a> se tornou o sucessor de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Korkmaz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Korkmaz (página não existe)">Korkmaz</a>. Ele logo estabeleceu sua autoridade como príncipe supremo dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">drusos</a> na área de Shouf no Monte Líbano. Eventualmente, Fakhr-al-Din II foi nomeado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanjaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanjaco">sanjaco</a> (governador) de várias <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">subprovíncias otomanas</a>, com responsabilidade pela arrecadação de impostos. Ele estendeu seu controle sobre uma parte substancial do Monte Líbano e sua área costeira, até mesmo construindo um forte no interior até <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palmira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palmira">Palmira</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Esse exagero acabou sendo demais para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sult%C3%A3o_otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultão otomano">sultão otomano</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murad_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Murad IV">Murad IV</a>, que enviou uma expedição punitiva para capturá-lo em 1633. Ele foi levado para <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istambul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istambul">Istambul</a>, mantido na prisão por dois anos e executado junto com um de seus filhos em abril de 1635.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Membros sobreviventes da família de Fakhr al-Din governaram uma área reduzida sob controle otomano até o final do século XVII. Com a morte do último <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emir">emir</a> Maan, vários membros do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cl%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clã">clã</a> Shihab governaram o Monte Líbano até 1830. Aproximadamente 10 mil cristãos foram mortos pelos drusos durante a violência intercomunitária em 1860.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Pouco depois, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Emirado_do_Monte_L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Emirado do Monte Líbano (página não existe)">Emirado do Monte Líbano</a>, que durou cerca de 400 anos, foi substituído pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mutasarrifado_do_Monte_L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mutasarrifado do Monte Líbano (página não existe)">Mutasarrifado do Monte Líbano</a>, como resultado de um tratado europeu-otomano denominado Règlement Organique. Os vales de Balbeque e Beqaa e Jabal Amel eram governados intermitentemente por várias famílias feudais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiitas">xiitas</a>, especialmente Al Ali Alsagheer em Jabal Amel, que permaneceram no poder até 1865, quando os otomanos tomaram o governo direto da região. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Youssef_Bey_Karam&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Youssef Bey Karam (página não existe)">Youssef Bey Karam</a>,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[32]</a> um nacionalista libanês desempenhou um papel influente na independência do Líbano durante este período. Cerca de 100 mil pessoas em Beirute e no Monte Líbano morreram de fome durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial">Primeira Guerra Mundial</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ilah-34">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/220px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="762"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 182px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/220px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/330px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/440px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandato_Franc%C3%AAs_da_S%C3%ADria_e_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano">Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano</a> em 1920 </figcaption> </figure> Em 1920, após o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial, a área do Mutasarrifado, mais algumas áreas circunvizinhas que eram predominantemente xiitas e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunitas">sunitas</a>, tornaram-se parte do Estado do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande Líbano">Grande Líbano</a> sob o domínio do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandato_Franc%C3%AAs_da_S%C3%ADria_e_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano">Mandato Francês da Síria e do Líbano</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ilah-34">[33]</a> Na primeira metade de 1920, o território libanês foi reivindicado como parte do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_%C3%81rabe_da_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Árabe da Síria">Reino Árabe da Síria</a>, mas logo a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Franco-S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra Franco-Síria">Guerra Franco-Síria</a> resultou na derrota árabe e na capitulação dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachemitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachemitas">hachemitas</a>. Em 1 de setembro de 1920, a França restabeleceu o Grande Líbano depois que o governo do Mutasarrifado removeu várias regiões pertencentes ao Principado do Líbano e as deu à Síria.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[34]</a> O Líbano era um país amplamente cristão (principalmente território <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronita">maronita</a> com alguns enclaves <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega">ortodoxos gregos</a>), mas também incluía áreas contendo muitos muçulmanos e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">drusos</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Em 1 de setembro de 1926, a França formou a República Libanesa. Uma constituição foi adotada em 25 de maio de 1926, estabelecendo uma república democrática com um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_parlamentar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema parlamentar">sistema parlamentar</a> de governo.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ilah-34">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Independência">Independência</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Independência" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Beirut%27s_Martyrs%27_Square_during_celebrations_marking_the_release_by_the_French_of_Lebanon%27s_government_from_Rashayya_prison_on_November_22,_1943,_the_day_of_Lebanon%27s_independence._Adib_Ibrahim.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beirut%27s_Martyrs%27_Square_during_celebrations_marking_the_release_by_the_French_of_Lebanon%27s_government_from_Rashayya_prison_on_November_22%2C_1943%2C_the_day_of_Lebanon%27s_independence._Adib_Ibrahim.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1836"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 300px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beirut%27s_Martyrs%27_Square_during_celebrations_marking_the_release_by_the_French_of_Lebanon%27s_government_from_Rashayya_prison_on_November_22%2C_1943%2C_the_day_of_Lebanon%27s_independence._Adib_Ibrahim.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="300" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beirut%27s_Martyrs%27_Square_during_celebrations_marking_the_release_by_the_French_of_Lebanon%27s_government_from_Rashayya_prison_on_November_22%2C_1943%2C_the_day_of_Lebanon%27s_independence._Adib_Ibrahim.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Beirut%27s_Martyrs%27_Square_during_celebrations_marking_the_release_by_the_French_of_Lebanon%27s_government_from_Rashayya_prison_on_November_22%2C_1943%2C_the_day_of_Lebanon%27s_independence._Adib_Ibrahim.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Praça dos Mártires em Beirute durante as celebrações que marcam a libertação pelos franceses do governo do Líbano da prisão de Rashayya em 22 de novembro de 1943 </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano ganhou um certo grau de independência enquanto a França era ocupada pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha_Nazista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha Nazista">Alemanha Nazista</a> durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[36]</a> O general <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Henri_Dentz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Henri Dentz (página não existe)">Henri Dentz</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alto-comiss%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alto-comissário">alto-comissário</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_de_Vichy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França de Vichy">França de Vichy</a> para a Síria e o Líbano, desempenhou um papel importante na independência da nação. As autoridades de Vichy em 1941 permitiram que a Alemanha movesse aeronaves e suprimentos através da Síria para o Iraque, onde foram usados contra as forças britânicas. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Unido?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Unido">Reino Unido</a>, temendo que a Alemanha nazista ganhasse o controle total do Líbano e da Síria pela pressão sobre o fraco governo de Vichy, enviou seu exército para a Síria e o Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Depois que a luta terminou no Líbano, o general <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> visitou a área. Sob pressão política de dentro e fora do Líbano, de Gaulle reconheceu a independência do país. Em 26 de novembro de 1941, o general <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Georges_Catroux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Georges Catroux (página não existe)">Georges Catroux</a> anunciou que o Líbano se tornaria independente sob a autoridade do governo da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a_Livre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França Livre">França Livre</a>. As eleições foram realizadas em 1943 e em 8 de novembro de 1943 o novo governo libanês aboliu unilateralmente o mandato. Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franceses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franceses">franceses</a> reagiram prendendo o novo governo. Diante da pressão internacional, os franceses libertaram os governantes em 22 de novembro de 1943. Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aliados_(Segunda_Guerra_Mundial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliados (Segunda Guerra Mundial)">Aliados</a> ocuparam a região até o final da guerra. Após o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fim_da_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial_na_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial na Europa">fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial na Europa</a>, pode-se dizer que o mandato francês foi encerrado sem qualquer ação formal por parte da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga das Nações">Liga das Nações</a> ou de sua sucessora, as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a>. O mandato francês foi encerrado, seguido por um processo de reconhecimento incondicional por outros poderes, culminando com a admissão formal do novo Estado nas Nações Unidas. O artigo 78 da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carta_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carta das Nações Unidas">Carta das Nações Unidas</a> acabou com o status de tutela (mandatos) para qualquer Estado-membro: "O sistema de tutela não se aplicará aos territórios que se tornaram Membros das Nações Unidas, cuja relação será baseada no respeito ao princípio da igualdade soberana".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Assim, quando a ONU passou a existir oficialmente em 24 de outubro de 1945, após a ratificação da Carta das Nações Unidas pelos cinco membros permanentes, já que a Síria e o Líbano eram Estados-membros fundadores, o mandato francês para ambos foi legalmente encerrado naquela data e total independência alcançada.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[39]</a> As últimas tropas francesas retiraram-se em dezembro de 1946. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacto_Nacional_de_1943?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacto Nacional de 1943">Pacto Nacional de 1943</a> exigia que seu presidente fosse cristão maronita, o presidente do parlamento fosse muçulmano xiita, o primeiro-ministro fosse muçulmano sunita e o vice-presidente do parlamento e o vice-primeiro-ministro fossem ortodoxos gregos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Guerra_civil_e_ocupação_síria">Guerra civil e ocupação síria</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Guerra civil e ocupação síria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insurg%C3%AAncia_palestina_no_sul_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insurgência palestina no sul do Líbano">Insurgência palestina no sul do Líbano</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">Guerra Civil Libanesa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_L%C3%ADbano_pela_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocupação do Líbano pela Síria">Ocupação do Líbano pela Síria</a>, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 1982">Guerra do Líbano de 1982</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanon,_Al_Yatun_7-16_(1981).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg/220px-Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="1119"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg/220px-Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg/330px-Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg/440px-Lebanon%2C_Al_Yatun_7-16_%281981%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Base da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNIFIL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIFIL">UNIFIL</a>, 1981 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Green_Line,_Beirut_1982.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg/220px-Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg/220px-Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg/330px-Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg/440px-Green_Line%2C_Beirut_1982.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> em 1982, durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">Guerra Civil Libanesa</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_(1982).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg/220px-Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="525"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg/220px-Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg/330px-Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg/440px-Israeli_troops_in_south_Lebanon_%281982%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Tropas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">israelenses</a> no sul do Líbano durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 1982">Guerra de 1982</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:BlueLine.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BlueLine.jpg/220px-BlueLine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="898"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BlueLine.jpg/220px-BlueLine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BlueLine.jpg/330px-BlueLine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BlueLine.jpg/440px-BlueLine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa mostrando a linha de demarcação da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linha_Azul_(L%C3%ADbano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linha Azul (Líbano)">Linha Azul</a> entre o Líbano e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>, estabelecida pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ONU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> após a retirada israelense do sul do Líbano em 1978 </figcaption> </figure> Em 1975, após o aumento das tensões sectárias, em grande parte impulsionadas pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insurg%C3%AAncia_palestina_no_sul_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insurgência palestina no sul do Líbano">realocação de militantes palestinos</a> no sul do Líbano, uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">guerra civil em grande escala eclodiu</a> e opôs uma coalizão de grupos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist%C3%A3os?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristãos">cristãos</a> contra as forças conjuntas da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Palestina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização para a Libertação da Palestina">Organização para a Libertação da Palestina</a> (OLP), drusos de esquerda e milícias muçulmanas. Em junho de 1976, o presidente libanês <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elias_Sarkis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elias Sarkis (página não existe)">Elias Sarkis</a> pediu que o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_da_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exército da Síria">Exército da Síria</a> interviesse ao lado dos cristãos e ajudasse a restaurar a paz.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Em outubro de 1976, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_%C3%81rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Árabe">Liga Árabe</a> concordou em estabelecer uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_%C3%81rabe_de_Dissuas%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Árabe de Dissuasão">Força Árabe de Dissuasão</a> predominantemente síria, que foi encarregada de restaurar a calma.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fco-cpl-43">[42]</a> Os ataques da OLP a partir do Líbano e contra Israel em 1977 e 1978 aumentaram as tensões entre os dois países. Em 11 de março de 1978, onze combatentes do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fatah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> chegaram a uma praia no norte de Israel e sequestraram dois ônibus cheios de passageiros na estrada <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tel-Aviv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel-Aviv">Tel-Aviv</a>, atirando em veículos que passavam, no que ficou conhecido como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massacre_da_Estrada_Costeira&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massacre da Estrada Costeira (página não existe)">Massacre da Estrada Costeira</a>. Eles mataram 37 pessoas e feriram outros 76 israelenses antes de serem mortos em um tiroteio com as forças de segurança israelenses.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Quatro dias após o ataque, Israel invadiu o Líbano na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Litani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operação Litani">Operação Litani</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_de_Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exército de Israel">Exército de Israel</a> ocupou a maior parte da área ao sul do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_Litani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Litani">rio Litani</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_da_ONU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conselho de Segurança da ONU">Conselho de Segurança da ONU</a> aprovou a Resolução 425 pedindo a retirada israelense imediata e criando a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Interina_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_no_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Interina das Nações Unidas no Líbano">Força Interina das Nações Unidas no Líbano</a> (UNIFIL), para tentar estabelecer a paz. As forças israelenses retiraram-se mais tarde, em 1978, mas mantiveram o controle da região sul, gerenciando uma zona de segurança de 19 quilômetros de largura ao longo da fronteira. Essas posições eram ocupadas pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_do_Sul_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exército do Sul do Líbano">Exército do Sul do Líbano</a> (SLA), uma milícia cristã sob a liderança do major <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saad_Haddad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saad Haddad">Saad Haddad</a>, que era apoiada por Israel. O primeiro-ministro israelense, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menachem_Begin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Likud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Likud">Likud</a>, comparou a situação da minoria cristã no sul do Líbano (então cerca de 5% da população no território do SLA) com a dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judeus">judeus</a> europeus durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[44]</a> A OLP rotineiramente atacou Israel durante o período do cessar-fogo, com mais de 270 ataques documentados. Pessoas na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galileia">Galileia</a> regularmente tiveram que deixar suas casas durante esses bombardeios. Documentos capturados na sede da OLP após a invasão mostraram que eles tinham vindo do Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arafat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arafat">Arafat</a> se recusou a condenar esses ataques, alegando que o cessar-fogo era relevante apenas para o Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Em abril de 1980, a presença de soldados da UNIFIL na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_tamp%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona tampão">zona tampão</a> levou ao incidente de At Tiri. Em 17 de julho de 1981, uma aeronave israelense bombardeou prédios de apartamentos de vários andares em Beirute que continham escritórios de grupos associados da OLP. O delegado libanês ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_da_ONU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conselho de Segurança da ONU">Conselho de Segurança da ONU</a> afirmou que 300 civis foram mortos e 800 feridos. O bombardeio levou à condenação mundial e a um embargo temporário à exportação de aeronaves dos<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> para Israel.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Em agosto de 1981, o ministro da defesa Ariel Sharon começou a traçar planos para atacar a infraestrutura militar da OLP em Beirute Ocidental, onde o quartel-general e os bunkers de comando da OLP estavam localizados.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Em 1982, os ataques da OLP do Líbano a Israel levaram a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 1982">uma invasão israelense</a>, com o objetivo de apoiar as forças libanesas na expulsão da OLP. Uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Multinacional_no_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Multinacional no Líbano">força multinacional</a> de contingentes estadunidenses, franceses e italianos (acompanhados em 1983 por um contingente britânico) foi implantada em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> após o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cerco_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cerco de Beirute">cerco israelense à cidade</a> para supervisionar a evacuação da OLP. A guerra civil ressurgiu em setembro de 1982, após o assassinato do presidente libanês <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bashir_Gemayel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bashir Gemayel">Bashir Gemayel</a>, um aliado israelense, e os combates subsequentes. Durante este período, uma série de massacres sectários ocorreram, como em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massacre_de_Sabra_e_Chatila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massacre de Sabra e Chatila">Sabra e Chatila</a>, e em vários <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campos_de_refugiados?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Campos de refugiados">campos de refugiados</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[49]</a> A força multinacional foi retirada na primavera de 1984, após um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atentado_contra_os_quart%C3%A9is_de_Beirute_em_1983?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atentado contra os quartéis de Beirute em 1983">ataque devastador</a> durante o ano anterior.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif/170px-Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="261"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 183px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif/170px-Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif" data-width="170" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Civil_war_Lebanon_map_1983a.gif 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa mostrando equilíbrio de poder no Líbano, 1983: controlado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a> (verde), controlado por grupos cristãos (roxo), controlado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> (amarelo), controlado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ONU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a> (azul) </figcaption> </figure> Em setembro de 1988, o parlamento libanês falhou em eleger um sucessor para o presidente Gemayel como resultado de diferenças entre cristãos, muçulmanos e sírios. A cúpula da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_%C3%81rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Árabe">Liga Árabe</a> de maio de 1989 levou à formação de um comitê <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arábia Saudita">saudita</a>-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marrocos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marrocos">marroquino</a>-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arg%C3%A9lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argélia">argelino</a> para resolver a crise. Em 16 de setembro de 1989, o comitê emitiu um plano de paz que foi aceito por todos. Um cessar-fogo foi estabelecido, os portos e aeroportos foram reabertos e os refugiados começaram a retornar.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fco-cpl-43">[42]</a> No mesmo mês, o parlamento libanês concordou com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acordo_de_Taif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Acordo de Taif">Acordo de Taif</a>, que incluía um cronograma para a retirada das forças militares da Síria do território do Líbano e uma fórmula para a desconfiguração do sistema político libanês.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fco-cpl-43">[42]</a> A guerra civil terminou no final de 1990 após dezesseis anos; causou perdas massivas de vidas humanas e propriedades e devastou a economia do país. Estima-se que 150 mil pessoas foram mortas e outras 200 mil foram feridas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Quase um milhão de civis foram desalojados pela guerra e alguns nunca mais voltaram.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Partes do Líbano foram deixadas em ruínas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[53]</a> O Acordo de Taif ainda não foi totalmente implementado e o sistema político do Líbano continua dividido em linhas sectárias. O conflito entre Israel e a resistência libanesa (principalmente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movimento_Amal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movimento Amal">Movimento Amal</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partido_Comunista_Liban%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partido Comunista Libanês">Partido Comunista Libanês</a>) continuou levando a uma série de eventos violentos, incluindo o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Massacre_de_Qana&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Massacre de Qana (página não existe)">massacre de Qana</a>,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-56">[55]</a> e grandes perdas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Em 2000, as forças israelenses se retiraram do Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-56">[55]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Estima-se que mais de 17 mil civis foram mortos e mais de 30 mil ficaram feridos. Desde então, o 25 de maio é considerado pelos libaneses como o Dia da Libertação.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-56">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Retirada_das_tropas_sírias">Retirada das tropas sírias</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Retirada das tropas sírias" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cedros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolução dos Cedros">Revolução dos Cedros</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 2006">Guerra do Líbano de 2006</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_entre_L%C3%ADbano_e_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relações entre Líbano e Síria">Relações entre Líbano e Síria</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg/170px-Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="410"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 229px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg/170px-Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="229" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg/255px-Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Demonstration_14_March_2005_31.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Protesto contra a presença de tropas sírias em território libanês </figcaption> </figure> Após a retirada israelense em 2000, surgiram pressões para a retirada das tropas sírias do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[62]</a> O ditador sírio, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>, filho e sucessor de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>, que entrou no poder em 2001, iniciou a retirada de alguns contingentes sírios no mesmo ano, reduzindo o número de efetivos de 30 mil para 15 mil soldados. Com a nova administração de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_W._Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, iniciada em 2001, e seu projeto neoconservador, os americanos deixaram de apoiar a presença síria no Líbano. Depois das resoluções da ONU que se imiscuíram na política interna do Líbano e o assassinato do ex-primeiro-ministro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafic_Hariri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafic Hariri">Rafic Hariri</a>, em 14 de fevereiro de 2005, um fervor nacional percorreu o Líbano, com milhares de pessoas nas ruas exigindo a total retirada das tropas sírias, o que ocorreria a 27 de abril de 2005. Este movimento patriótico ficou conhecido por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Cedros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolução dos Cedros">Revolução dos Cedros</a> e teve a colaboração mais ou menos ativa de todas as confissões religiosas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[63]</a> No verão de 2006 e depois da captura de dois soldados israelitas pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra do Líbano de 2006">Israel bombardeia todo o país</a>, destruindo a sua infraestrutura, e causando milhares de vítimas, partido depois para uma invasão terrestre, condenada a nível internacional. Esta última invasão israelita deixou sequelas na frágil coligação governamental, com os ministros ligados ao Hezbollah a abandonar o governo de unidade nacional presidido pela coligação pró-ocidental "14 de março".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Durante o ano de 2007 assistiu-se a um deteriorar das relações entre ambos os blocos que se traduziu na impossibilidade da eleição de um novo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidente da República">Presidente da República</a> após o fim do poder do Presidente pró-sírio <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Lahoud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Lahoud">Émil Lahoud</a> a 22 de novembro de 2007. A tensão entre o movimento pró-sírio e o movimento pró-ocidental culminou na investida do Hezbollah contra o partido do primeiro-ministro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuad_Siniora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuad Siniora">Fouad Siniora</a> e seus aliados, que implicou uma invasão armada da cidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> em maio de 2007. Após uma ronda de conversações de paz no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qatar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, as partes acordaram na formação de um novo comando e um novo presidente, o general <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Suleiman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Doha_NYT-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Instabilidade_pós-guerra_civil">Instabilidade pós-guerra civil</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Instabilidade pós-guerra civil" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2006%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2006–2008">Protestos no Líbano em 2006–2008</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflito_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflito no Líbano em 2008">Conflito no Líbano em 2008</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2011">Protestos no Líbano em 2011</a>, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflito_no_L%C3%ADbano_(2011%E2%80%932017)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflito no Líbano (2011–2017)">Conflito no Líbano (2011–2017)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg/220px-Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg/220px-Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg/330px-Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg/440px-Lebanese_army_on_Syria_Street.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Soldados do 4º Regimento de Intervenção do Exército Libanês nas ruas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%ADpoli_(L%C3%ADbano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trípoli (Líbano)">Trípoli</a> em 2011 </figcaption> </figure> Em 2007, o campo de refugiados de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nahr_al-Bared&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nahr al-Bared (página não existe)">Nahr al-Bared</a> se tornou o centro de um novo conflito entre o exército libanês e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a>. Pelo menos 169 soldados, 287 insurgentes e 47 civis foram mortos na batalha. Os fundos para a reconstrução da área demoraram a se materializar.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Entre 2006 e 2008, uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2006%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2006–2008">série de protestos</a> liderados por grupos opostos ao primeiro-ministro pró-ocidente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fouad_Siniora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouad Siniora">Fouad Siniora</a> exigiram a criação de um governo de unidade nacional, sobre o qual a maioria dos grupos de oposição xiitas teriam poder de veto. Quando o mandato presidencial de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Lahoud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Lahoud">Émile Lahoud</a> terminou em outubro de 2007, a oposição se recusou a votar em um sucessor a menos que um acordo de divisão de poder fosse alcançado, deixando o Líbano sem um presidente. Em 9 de maio de 2008, as forças do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hezbollah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movimento_Amal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movimento Amal">Movimento Amal</a>, desencadeadas por uma declaração do governo de que a rede de comunicações do Hezbollah era ilegal, tomaram o oeste de Beirute,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Global_Politician-68">[67]</a> levando ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflito_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflito no Líbano em 2008">conflito de 2008</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[68]</a> O governo libanês denunciou a violência como uma tentativa de golpe.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Pelo menos 62 pessoas morreram nos confrontos resultantes entre milícias pró-governo e da oposição.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Doha_NYT-66">[65]</a> Em 21 de maio de 2008, a assinatura do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acordo_de_Doha_(2008)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acordo de Doha (2008)">Acordo de Doha</a> encerrou a luta armada.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Global_Politician-68">[67]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Doha_NYT-66">[65]</a> Como parte do acordo, que encerrou 18 meses de paralisia política,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Doha-71">[70]</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Suleiman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a> tornou-se presidente e um governo de unidade nacional foi estabelecido, garantindo o veto à oposição.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Global_Politician-68">[67]</a> O acordo foi uma vitória para as forças da oposição, pois o governo cedeu a todas as suas principais reivindicações.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Doha_NYT-66">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Shatila_-_street_view_(3).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg/220px-Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="5472"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg/220px-Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg/330px-Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg/440px-Shatila_-_street_view_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mais de 20 mil <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refugiados_s%C3%ADrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugiados sírios">refugiados sírios</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refugiados_palestinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Refugiados palestinos">palestinos</a> vivem no campo de refugiados de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chatila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chatila">Chatila</a>, nos arredores de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a>. </figcaption> </figure> No início de janeiro de 2011, o governo de unidade nacional entrou em colapso devido às crescentes tensões decorrentes do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_Especial_para_o_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal Especial para o Líbano">Tribunal Especial para o Líbano</a>, que deveria indiciar membros do Hezbollah pelo assassinato de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafik_Hariri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafik Hariri">Rafik Hariri</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_collapse-72">[71]</a> O parlamento elegeu <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Najib_Mikati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a>, o candidato da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alian%C3%A7a_de_8_de_Mar%C3%A7o&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aliança de 8 de Março (página não existe)">Aliança de 8 de Março</a> liderada pelo Hezbollah, primeiro-ministro do Líbano, tornando-o responsável pela formação de um novo governo.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NYT_collapse-73">[72]</a> O líder do Hezbollah, Hassan Nasrallah, insiste que Israel foi responsável pelo assassinato de Hariri.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Um relatório vazado pelo jornal Al-Akhbar em novembro de 2010 afirmou que o Hezbollah esboçou planos para uma aquisição do país no caso do Tribunal Especial para o Líbano emitir uma acusação contra seus membros.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Em 2012, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Síria">Guerra Civil Síria</a> ameaçou se espalhar no Líbano, causando mais incidentes de violência sectária e confrontos armados entre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunitas">sunitas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alauitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alauitas">alauitas</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%ADpoli_(L%C3%ADbano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trípoli (Líbano)">Trípoli</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[75]</a> De acordo com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ACNUR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ACNUR">ACNUR</a>, o número de refugiados sírios no Líbano aumentou de cerca de 250 mil no início de 2013 para 1 milhão no final de 2014.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-refugees-77">[76]</a> Em 2013, os partidos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Libanesas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forças Libanesas">Forças Libanesas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falanges_Libanesas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falanges Libanesas">Falanges Libanesas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movimento_Patri%C3%B3tico_Livre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movimento Patriótico Livre">Movimento Patriótico Livre</a> expressaram preocupações de que o sistema político sectário do país esteja sendo minado pelo influxo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refugiados_s%C3%ADrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugiados sírios">refugiados sírios</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Em 6 de maio de 2015, o ACNUR suspendeu o registro de refugiados sírios a pedido do governo libanês.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Em fevereiro de 2016, o governo libanês assinou o Pacto do Líbano, concedendo um mínimo de 400 milhões de euros de apoio para refugiados e cidadãos libaneses vulneráveis.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Em outubro de 2016, o governo estima que o país hospede 1,5 milhão de sírios.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crise_de_2019–2021">Crise de 2019–2021</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Crise de 2019–2021" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2019">Protestos no Líbano em 2019</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Explos%C3%B5es_no_porto_de_Beirute_em_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Explosões no porto de Beirute em 2020">Explosões no porto de Beirute em 2020</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg/220px-Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg/220px-Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg/330px-Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg/440px-Beirut_Protests_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ruas de Beirute durante os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2019">protestos no Líbano em 2019</a> </figcaption> </figure> Em 17 de outubro de 2019, a primeira de uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestos_no_L%C3%ADbano_em_2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestos no Líbano em 2019">série de manifestações civis em massa</a> eclodiu;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[83]</a> elas foram inicialmente desencadeadas por impostos planejados sobre gasolina, tabaco e ligações online, como através do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WhatsApp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[85]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[86]</a> mas rapidamente se expandiu para uma condenação do governo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sect%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectário">sectário</a> em todo o país<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-88">[87]</a> uma economia estagnada e em crise, desemprego, corrupção endêmica no setor público,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-88">[87]</a> legislação (como o sigilo bancário) que vista como criada para proteger a classe dominante,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[89]</a> e falhas do governo em fornecer serviços básicos como eletricidade, água e saneamento.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[90]</a> Como resultado dos protestos, o Líbano entrou em uma crise política, com o primeiro-ministro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saad_Hariri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a> apresentando sua renúncia e ecoando as demandas dos manifestantes por um governo de especialistas independentes.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Outros políticos visados pelos protestos permaneceram no poder. Em 19 de dezembro de 2019, o ex-ministro da Educação Hassan Diab foi designado o próximo primeiro-ministro e encarregado de formar um novo gabinete.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[92]</a> No entanto, os protestos e atos de desobediência civil continuaram, com manifestantes denunciando e condenando a designação de Diab como primeiro-ministro.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[95]</a> O Líbano está sofrendo a pior crise econômica em décadas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[96]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[97]</a> O Líbano é o primeiro país do Oriente Médio e do Norte da África a ver sua taxa de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infla%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inflação">inflação</a> ultrapassar 50% por 30 dias consecutivos, de acordo com Steve H. Hanke, professor de economia aplicada na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade_Johns_Hopkins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universidade Johns Hopkins">Universidade Johns Hopkins</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg/220px-Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="615"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg/220px-Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg/330px-Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg/440px-Damages_after_2020_Beirut_explosions_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Porto de Beirute após as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Explos%C3%B5es_no_porto_de_Beirute_em_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Explosões no porto de Beirute em 2020">explosões de 2020</a> </figcaption> </figure> Em 4 de agosto de 2020, uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Explos%C3%B5es_no_porto_de_Beirute_em_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Explosões no porto de Beirute em 2020">forte explosão no porto de Beirute</a>, o principal porto do Líbano, destruiu as áreas vizinhas, matando mais de 200 pessoas e ferindo outras milhares. A causa da explosão foi mais tarde determinada como sendo 2 750 toneladas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nitrato_de_am%C3%B4nio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nitrato de amônio">nitrato de amônio</a> que haviam sido armazenadas de forma insegura e acidentalmente incendiadas naquela tarde de terça-feira.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Menos de uma semana após a explosão, em 10 de agosto de 2020, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hassan_Diab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hassan Diab">Hassan Diab</a>, o primeiro-ministro que havia sido designado há menos de um ano, se dirigiu à nação e anunciou sua renúncia. As manifestações continuaram em 2021 com libaneses bloqueando as estradas com pneus queimados protestando contra a pobreza e a crise econômica.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Em 11 de março de 2021, o ministro interino da energia advertiu que o Líbano está ameaçado de "escuridão total" no final de março se nenhum dinheiro for garantido para comprar combustível para usinas elétricas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Uma grande explosão de combustível no norte do Líbano matou 28 pessoas em agosto de 2021.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Em 9 de outubro de 2021, toda a nação perdeu energia por 24 horas depois que suas duas principais estações de energia ficaram sem energia devido à moeda e à escassez de combustível.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[103]</a> Dias depois, a violência sectária em Beirute matou várias pessoas nos confrontos mais mortais no país desde 2008.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[104]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Geografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografia_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografia do Líbano">Geografia do Líbano</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg/170px-Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="744"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 217px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg/170px-Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg/255px-Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg/340px-Satellite_image_of_Lebanon_in_March_2002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imagem_de_sat%C3%A9lite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imagem de satélite">Imagem de satélite</a> do Líbano. Cobertos de neve podem ser vistos o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">monte Líbano</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antil%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilíbano">Antilíbano</a> </figcaption> </figure> O país possui um território de 10 452 quilômetros quadrados, dos quais 10 230 quilômetros quadrados são em terra. O Líbano tem um litoral de 225 km ao longo do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">mar Mediterrâneo</a> a oeste, uma fronteira de 375 km que compartilha com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a> ao norte e oeste, além de uma fronteira de 79 km de comprimento com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> ao sul.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-enbr-106">[105]</a> A fronteira ocupada por Israel nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colinas_de_Gol%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colinas de Golã">colinas de Golã</a> é disputada pelo Líbano em uma pequena área chamada <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fazendas_de_Shebaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fazendas de Shebaa">Fazendas de Shebaa</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[106]</a> As montanhas do Líbano são drenadas por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3rrego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Córrego">córregos</a> sazonais e rios, sendo que o mais importante é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_Litani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Litani">rio Litani</a>, com 145 quilômetros, que sobe no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_do_Beqaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale do Beqaa">vale do Beqaa</a> ao oeste de Balbeque e deságua no mar Mediterrâneo ao norte de Tiro.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-enbr-106">[105]</a> O Líbano 16 rios, que não <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Navegabilidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Navegabilidade">são navegáveis</a>; 13 rios nascem na face oeste das partes altas do país e correm através de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desfiladeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Desfiladeiro">desfiladeiros</a> íngremes e para o mar Mediterrâneo, os outros três surgem no Vale do Beca.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MOTE-108">[107]</a> Alguns dos fenômenos que atualmente atingem o meio-ambiente são erosão do solo, desertificação, poluição do ar devido ao tráfego de automóveis em Beirute e devido à queima de resíduos industriais, poluição de águas costeiras. Alguns dos acordos internacionais que Líbano assinou incluem o da biodiversidade, da mudança climática, desertificação, resíduos tóxicos, lei do mar, proteção da camada de ozônio e poluição marítima. O Líbano é o mais florestado dos países mediterrâneos. Cresce nas montanhas várias árvores da espécie <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azinheira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azinheira">azinheiras</a>, além de vários tipos de coníferas e, cada vez mais raras, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cedro-do-l%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cedro-do-líbano">cedro-do-líbano</a>. Muitas árvores frutíferas crescem nas costas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Clima" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="850"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_LBN_present.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Líbano pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger">classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger</a> </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano tem um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clima mediterrâneo">clima mediterrâneo</a> moderado. Nas zonas costeiras, os invernos são geralmente frios e chuvosos, enquanto os verões são quentes e secos. Nas áreas mais elevadas, as temperaturas costumam cair abaixo de zero durante o inverno com cobertura de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neve">neve</a> pesada que permanece até o início do verão no topo das montanhas mais altas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-enbr-106">[105]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Embora a maior parte do país receba uma quantidade relativamente grande de chuvas, quando medido em comparação ao ano ao seu entorno árido, algumas áreas no nordeste do Líbano tem baixos índices pluviométricos por conta dos altos picos da cordilheira ocidental, que impendem a chegada das chuvas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Meio_ambiente">Meio ambiente</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Meio ambiente" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Qadisha_Valley,_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg/220px-Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="3040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg/220px-Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg/330px-Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg/440px-Qadisha_Valley%2C_Aerial_View_From_Qannoubine_Monastery.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Panorama do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_do_Kadisha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vale do Kadisha">Vale do Kadisha</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg/220px-C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg/220px-C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg/330px-C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg/440px-C%C3%A8dre_du_Liban_Barouk_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cedro-do-l%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cedro-do-líbano">Cedro-do-líbano</a> em na vila de Barouk, na província de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano_(prov%C3%ADncia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano (província)">Monte Líbano</a> </figcaption> </figure> Nos tempos antigos, o Líbano era coberto por grandes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floresta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floresta">florestas</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cedro-do-l%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cedro-do-líbano">cedros</a>, o emblema nacional do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cedar-112">[111]</a> Milênios de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desmatamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmatamento">desmatamento</a> alteraram a hidrologia no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">Monte Líbano</a> e mudaram o clima regional adversamente.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[112]</a> Em 2012, as florestas cobriam 13,4% da área de terras libanesas;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WB-114">[113]</a> elas estavam sob constante ameaça de incêndios florestais causados pela longa estação seca de verão.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IPSs-115">[114]</a> Como resultado da exploração de longa data, poucos cedros antigos permanecem em bolsões de florestas no Líbano, mas existe um programa ativo para conservar e regenerar as florestas. A abordagem libanesa enfatizou a regeneração natural sobre o plantio, criando as condições certas para germinação e crescimento. O Estado libanês criou várias reservas naturais que contêm cedros, incluindo a Reserva da Biosfera Shouf, a Reserva Jaj Cedar, a Reserva Tannourine, as Reservas Ammouaa e Karm Shbat no distrito de Akkar e a Floresta dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cedros_de_Deus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cedros de Deus">Cedros de Deus</a> perto de Bsharri.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[115]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[117]</a> O Líbano teve uma pontuação média do Índice de Integridade da Paisagem Florestal em 2019 de 3,76/10, classificando-o em 141º lugar globalmente entre 172 países.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-119">[118]</a> Em 2010, o Ministério do Meio Ambiente definiu um plano de 10 anos para aumentar a cobertura florestal nacional em 20%, o que equivale ao plantio de dois milhões de novas árvores a cada ano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dailystar1-120">[119]</a> O plano, que foi financiado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_dos_Estados_Unidos_para_o_Desenvolvimento_Internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional">Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional</a> (USAID) e implementado pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Florestal_dos_Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serviço Florestal dos Estados Unidos">Serviço Florestal dos Estados Unidos</a> (USFS), por meio da Iniciativa de Reflorestamento do Líbano (LRI), foi inaugurado em 2011 com o plantio de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cedrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cedrus">cedros</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinheiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinheiro">pinheiros</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amendoeira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amendoeira">amendoeiras</a> selvagens, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimbro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbro">zimbros</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abeto">abetos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carvalho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carvalho">carvalhos</a> e outras mudas, em dez regiões ao redor do Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dailystar1-120">[119]</a> Em 2016, as florestas cobriam 13,6% do Líbano e outras terras arborizadas representavam mais 11%.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Desde 2011, mais de 600 mil árvores, incluindo cedros e outras espécies nativas, foram plantadas em todo o país como parte da Iniciativa de Reflorestamento do Líbano (LRI).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[121]</a> O Líbano contém duas ecorregiões terrestres: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosque_do_Mediterr%C3%A2neo_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosque do Mediterrâneo Oriental">florestas de coníferas esclerófilas-folhosas do Mediterrâneo Oriental</a> e florestas de coníferas montanas e decíduas do sul da Anatólia.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-123">[122]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Demografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg/220px-PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="425"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg/220px-PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg/330px-PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg/440px-PopulationPyramid_of_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pir%C3%A2mide_et%C3%A1ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirâmide etária">Pirâmide etária</a> do Líbano </figcaption> </figure> No total o estado reconhece a existência de dezoito comunidades religiosas. Cerca de 59,7% dos libaneses são muçulmanos e 39% cristãos (divididos por entre os grupos enunciados).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[123]</a> A população total do Líbano é estimada em 6,9 milhões de pessoas, em 2018; contudo, não há registros oficiais feitos desde 1932 devido a questões políticas de cunho religioso e sectário.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[124]</a> No tocante à estrutura etária 66% da população tem entre 15 e 64 anos, com uma esperança de vida situada nos 70 anos para os homens e nos 75 anos para as mulheres. A população distribui-se principalmente pelas cidades do litoral (32% em Beirute e na sua periferia) e 20% na província do Líbano Norte.[<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">carece de fontes</a>?] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religiões">Religiões</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Religiões" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:200px"> <div style="background-color:transparent;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden"> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Brown"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 380.52786193948px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 240.99296327831px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 152.65314727541px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 50.71534043058px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5.4088046412845px; border-left-color:#FCC200"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FCC200"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FCC200"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:21.139303244241px 97.740113865025px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGreen"></div> <div style="border:solid transparent;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 11.6128454997px 100px 0; border-right-color:SeaGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:SeaGreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:0;top:0"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle_frame.svg/200px-Circle_frame.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle_frame.svg/200px-Circle_frame.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle_frame.svg/300px-Circle_frame.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circle_frame.svg/400px-Circle_frame.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religião no Líbano<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[125]</a> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiismo">Islã Xiita</a> e Alauitas (26.84%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunismo">Islão Sunita</a> (26.55%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Maronita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Maronita">Catolicismo Maronita</a> (22.47%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   Outros Católicos (Melquita, Armeniano, etc) (6.61%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Grega_de_Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega de Antioquia">Ortodoxia Grega</a> (8.3%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Apost%C3%B3lica_Arm%C3%AAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Apostólica Armênia">Armêniano Apostólico</a> (2.97%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   Outros cristãos (2.17%) </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column">   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">Drusos</a> (5.21%) </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg/198px-Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="255" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="3484"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 198px;height: 255px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg/198px-Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg" data-width="198" data-height="255" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg/297px-Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg/395px-Lebanon_religious_groups_distribution.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mapa da distribuição dos principais grupos religiosos do país </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano é o país com a maior diversidade religiosa no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriente_M%C3%A9dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriente Médio">Oriente Médio</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Em 2014, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> estimou que a população libanesa era composta por 54% de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muçulmanos">muçulmanos</a> (27% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamismo">islamismo</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xiismo">xiita</a> e 27% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunismo">sunita</a>), 40,4% de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristãos</a> (inclui 21% católicos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Maronita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Maronita">maronitas</a>, 8% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega">ortodoxos gregos</a>, 5% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Greco-Cat%C3%B3lica_Melquita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Greco-Católica Melquita">greco-católicos</a>, 1% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantismo">protestante</a> e 5,5% outros cristãos), 5,6% de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">drusos</a>, além de um número muito pequeno de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judeus">judeus</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fé Bahá'í">bahá'ís</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budistas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Budistas">budistas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hindus">hindus</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Um estudo realizado pelo governo libanês e com base em números de registo dos eleitores mostra que, até 2011, a população cristã estava estável comparada com a de anos anteriores, perfazendo 34,35% da população; muçulmanos e drusos eram 65,47% da população.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Acredita-se que houve um declínio na proporção de cristãos em relação aos muçulmanos ao longo dos últimos 60 anos, devido a taxas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emigração">emigração</a> mais elevadas de cristãos e a uma maior taxa de natalidade da população muçulmana.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-freedom-130">[129]</a> Quando o último censo foi realizado em 1932, os cristãos formavam 53% da população do Líbano. Em 1956, estima-se que a população era formada por 54% cristãos e 44% muçulmanos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-demo-reality-131">[130]</a> Um estudo demográfico realizado pela empresa de pesquisa Statistics Lebanon constatou que aproximadamente 27% da população era sunita, 27% xiita, 21% maronita, 8% ortodoxa grega, 5% drusa e 5% católica-grega, sendo os restantes 7%, em sua maioria, pertencentes a denominações cristãs menores.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-freedom-130">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Composição_étnica_e_linguística">Composição étnica e linguística</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Composição étnica e linguística" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="População">população</a> do Líbano é composta por diversos grupos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnia">étnicos</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religião">religiosos</a>: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muçulmanos">muçulmanos</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiitas">xiitas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunitas">sunitas</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist%C3%A3os?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristãos">cristãos</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maronitas">maronitas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoxos_gregos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoxos gregos">ortodoxos gregos</a>, melquitas greco-católicos, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%B3licos_romanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Católicos romanos">católicos romanos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantes">protestantes</a>) e outros cristãos (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%AAnios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armênios">armênios</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coptas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coptas">coptas</a>, caldeas, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ass%C3%ADrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assírios">assírios</a>) e outras, incluindo as seitas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alau%C3%ADtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauítas">alauíta</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drusos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drusos">drusa</a>, e uma pequena comunidade <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaica">judaica</a>. O artigo 11 da Constituição do Líbano afirma que o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a> é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_oficial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua oficial">língua oficial</a> nacional. A lei determina casos em que a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">língua francesa</a> deve ser usada.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-article_11-132">[131]</a> A maioria dos libaneses fala o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabe_liban%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabe libanês">árabe libanês</a>, enquanto idioma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabe_moderno_padr%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabe moderno padrão">árabe moderno padrão</a> é usado principalmente em revistas, jornais e meios de transmissão formais. A Língua de Sinais Libanesa é a língua da comunidade surda do país. Quase 40% dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libaneses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libaneses">libaneses</a> são considerados <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%B3fono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francófono">francófonos</a> e outros 15% "francófonos parciais", além de 70% das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_secund%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensino secundário">escolas secundárias</a> do Líbano usarem o francês como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_l%C3%ADngua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda língua">segunda língua</a> de instrução.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NadeauBarlow2008-133">[132]</a> Em comparação, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a> é usado como uma língua secundária em 30% das escolas secundárias do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NadeauBarlow2008-133">[132]</a> O uso do francês é um legado de laços históricos da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> na região, como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandato_da_Sociedade_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandato da Sociedade das Nações">Mandato da Sociedade das Nações</a> sobre o Líbano e comandado por franceses após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial">Primeira Guerra Mundial</a>; em 2004, cerca de 20% da população usava o francês diariamente.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Britannica-134">[133]</a> O uso do árabe por jovens educados no Líbano está em declínio, visto que eles preferem falar em francês e inglês.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[134]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[135]</a> O inglês é cada vez mais usado nas ciências e e interações econômicas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[136]</a> Em 2007 a presença do inglês no Líbano aumentou.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[137]</a> Os cidadãos libaneses de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ascend%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ascendência">ascendência</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%AAnios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armênios">armênia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregos">grega</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curdos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curdos">curda</a> muitas vezes falam em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_arm%C3%AAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua armênia">armênio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua grega">grego</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_curda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua curda">curdo</a>, com diferentes graus de fluência. Em 2009, havia cerca de 150 mil armênios no Líbano, ou cerca de 5% da população.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cidades_mais_populosas">Cidades mais populosas</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cidades mais populosas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Política">Política</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Política" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Política do Líbano">Política do Líbano</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Grand_Serail,_Government_Palace,_Beirut.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg/220px-Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg/220px-Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg/330px-Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg/440px-Grand_Serail%2C_Government_Palace%2C_Beirut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grand_Serail&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grand Serail (página não existe)">Grand Serail</a>, sede do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_primeiros-ministros_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de primeiros-ministros do Líbano">primeiro-ministro</a> </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano é uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamentarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamentarismo">democracia parlamentar</a> regida pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constituição">constituição</a> de 23 de maio de 1926, que foi alvo de várias emendas, a mais importante das quais ocorreu em 1989. Esta constituição consagra a divisão do poder em três ramos, o executivo, legislativo e judicial. Segundo a lei, os cargos de presidente, primeiro-ministro e porta-voz do parlamento devem ser ocupados respectivamente por um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristão">cristão</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maronita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronita">maronita</a>, por um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muçulmano">muçulmano</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunita">sunita</a> e por um muçulmano <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xiita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiita">xiita</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_executivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poder executivo">poder executivo</a> recai sobre o presidente da República Libanesa, que nomeia para tal função o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeiro-ministro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeiro-ministro">primeiro-ministro</a> e o resto do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_de_Ministros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conselho de Ministros">Gabinete</a>, nos quais exercem dita função, reservando-se ao Presidente da República amplas competências. A Assembleia Nacional elege o presidente por períodos de seis anos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statesgov-140">[139]</a> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_legislativo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poder legislativo">poder legislativo</a> é exercido pela Assembleia Nacional (em árabe: Majlis Alnuwab; em francês: Assemblee Nationale) composta por 128 membros eleitos por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sufr%C3%A1gio_universal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sufrágio universal">sufrágio universal</a> para um poder de quatro anos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statesgov-140">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG/220px-Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG/220px-Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG/330px-Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG/440px-Beirut_-_Downtown_-_Lebanese_parliament.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento do Líbano">Parlamento do Líbano</a> </figcaption> </figure> A assembleia de representantes é multirreligiosa. As últimas eleições para a assembleia tiveram lugar em maio e junho de 2005. O voto é obrigatório para todos os homens a partir dos vinte e um anos de idade, sendo permitido votar às mulheres a partir da mesma idade.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Direitos_humanos">Direitos humanos</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Direitos humanos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> Os trabalhadores domésticos no Líbano, principalmente mulheres na faixa dos 20-30 anos provenientes da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eti%C3%B3pia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiópia">Etiópia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nig%C3%A9ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigéria">Nigéria</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipinas">Filipinas</a>, são frequentemente obrigados a trabalhar longas horas, são abusados e não pagos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:01-142">[141]</a> Uma série de alegados suicídios por empregadas domésticas algumas semanas antes de dezembro de 2009, ao enforcarem-se ou ao caírem das varandas, chamou a atenção internacional da CNN.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-143">[142]</a> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_de_kafala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema de kafala">sistema kafala</a> não permite que os trabalhadores estrangeiros abandonem o país sem a autorização dos seus empregadores. Algumas mulheres são vendidas como escravas, segundo relatos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:01-142">[141]</a> O abuso enfrentado pelos trabalhadores domésticos migrantes é um problema comum em todo o Médio Oriente árabe, tanto devido a uma regulamentação laboral deficiente como devido a preconceitos culturais.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Forças_armadas">Forças armadas</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Forças armadas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forças Armadas do Líbano">Forças Armadas do Líbano</a> </div> As <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_Libanesas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Forças Armadas Libanesas">Forças Armadas Libanesas</a> (FAL) tem 72 mil soldados ativos,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lebanon-144">[143]</a> incluindo 1 100 na força aérea e 1 000 na marinha.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stinson-145">[144]</a> As principais missões das forças armadas libanesas incluem defender o Líbano e os seus cidadãos contra a agressão externa, a manutenção da estabilidade interna e de segurança, confrontando as ameaças contra os interesses vitais do país, engajando-se em atividades de desenvolvimento social, e realizar operações de socorro, em coordenação com as instituições públicas e humanitárias.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lafmission-146">[145]</a> O Líbano é um grande receptor de ajuda militar estrangeira.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[146]</a> Com 400 000 mil dólares, desde 2005, é o segundo maior receptor de ajuda militar per capita dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, depois de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Relações_internacionais">Relações internacionais</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Relações internacionais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:UNbeirut.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UNbeirut.jpg/220px-UNbeirut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UNbeirut.jpg/220px-UNbeirut.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UNbeirut.jpg/330px-UNbeirut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UNbeirut.jpg/440px-UNbeirut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Sede da Comissão Econômica e Social das Nações Unidas para a Ásia Ocidental em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano concluiu negociações sobre um acordo de associação com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> no final de 2001, e ambos os lados rubricaram o acordo em janeiro de 2002. O país está incluído na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica_Europeia_de_Vizinhan%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Política Europeia de Vizinhança">Política Europeia de Vizinhança</a> (PEV), que visa aproximar a UE e seus vizinhos. A UE adoptou um Documento de Estratégia por País para o Líbano 2007-2013 e um Programa Indicativo Nacional 2007-2010. A assistência prestada foi reorientada após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Segunda Guerra do Líbano">Segunda Guerra do Líbano</a>, a fim de se engajar em uma ajuda real para o governo e a sociedade na reconstrução e reforma do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[148]</a> A UE é o maior parceiro comercial do Líbano, respondendo por um terço das suas importações em 3,9 bilhões de euros em 2008. As exportações libanesas para a UE totalizaram 0,36 bilhão de euros; principalmente produtos manufaturados (66%).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[149]</a> O Líbano desfruta de boas relações com praticamente todos os outros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_%C3%A1rabes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Países árabes">países árabes</a> (apesar das tensões históricas com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbia">Líbia</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a>) e sediou uma cúpula da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_%C3%81rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Árabe">Liga Árabe</a> em março de 2002 pela primeira vez em mais de 35 anos. O Líbano é membro dos países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francofonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francofonia">Francofonia</a> e sediou a cúpula da Francofonia em outubro de 2002, bem como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jogos_da_Francofonia_de_2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jogos da Francofonia de 2009">Jogos da Francofonia de 2009</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CONFEJES-151">[150]</a> O Líbano também sedia a a Comissão Econômica e Social das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a> para a Ásia Ocidental (ESCWA, sigla em inglês), uma das cinco comissões regionais sob a jurisdição do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_Econ%C3%B4mico_e_Social_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conselho Econômico e Social das Nações Unidas">Conselho Econômico e Social das Nações Unidas</a>. O papel da Comissão é promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia_Ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ásia Ocidental">Ásia Ocidental</a> por meio da cooperação e integração regional e sub-regional. A Comissão é composta por 20 Estados membros, todos oriundos das regiões do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norte_da_%C3%81frica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte da África">Norte da África</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriente_M%C3%A9dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriente Médio">Oriente Médio</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Members-152">[151]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Divisões_administrativas">Divisões administrativas</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Divisões administrativas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subdivis%C3%B5es_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisões do Líbano">Subdivisões do Líbano</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanon_governorates_english.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lebanon_governorates_english.svg/260px-Lebanon_governorates_english.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="299" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1142"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 299px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lebanon_governorates_english.svg/260px-Lebanon_governorates_english.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="299" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lebanon_governorates_english.svg/390px-Lebanon_governorates_english.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lebanon_governorates_english.svg/520px-Lebanon_governorates_english.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Divisões administrativas do Líbano </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano divide-se em nove <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Província">províncias</a> (árabe: muhafazat; singular muhafazah), que são subdivididos em 25 distritos (aqdyah, em árabe: أقضية; singular qadā o caza, ضاء). Os próprios distritos também são divididos em vários municípios, cada um incluindo um grupo de cidades ou vilas. Beirute é a menor de todas em extensão (19,8 km² e que tem como capital a própria cidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a>), mas que é a mais populosa, industrializada e rica de todo o país, além de ser centro financeiro e turístico de todo o Oriente Médio. Duas novas províncias, chamadas Aakkâr e Baalbek-Hermel, foram criadas em 2007, e uma em 2017, Keserwan-Jbeil. As nove províncias são:<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <ol> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute_(prov%C3%ADncia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute (província)">Beirute</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano_(prov%C3%ADncia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano (província)">Monte Líbano</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano_Setentrional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbano Setentrional">Líbano Setentrional</a> (ou Líbano Norte)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beqaa_(prov%C3%ADncia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beqaa (província)">Bekaa</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nabatiye_(prov%C3%ADncia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabatiye (província)">Nabatieh</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano_Meridional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbano Meridional">Líbano Meridional</a> (ou Líbano Sul)</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aakk%C3%A2r&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aakkâr (página não existe)">Aakkâr</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Baalbek-Hermel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Baalbek-Hermel (página não existe)">Baalbek-Hermel</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Keserwan-Jbeil&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Keserwan-Jbeil (página não existe)">Keserwan-Jbeil</a></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Economia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Lebanon_Product_Exports_(2019).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/440px-Lebanon_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Gráfico dos principais produtos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exporta%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exportação">exportação</a> do país (em inglês) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Zaitunay_Bay,_Downtown_Beirut,_Lebanon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg/220px-Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3866" data-file-height="2578"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg/220px-Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg/330px-Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg/440px-Zaitunay_Bay%2C_Downtown_Beirut%2C_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Centro financeiro de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a>, a capital e maior cidade do país </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia do Líbano">Economia do Líbano</a> </div> A economia do Líbano segue um modelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laissez-faire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-expus-154">[153]</a> A maior parte da economia está <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolarização">dolarizada</a> e o país não tem restrições à circulação de capitais através de suas fronteiras.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-expus-154">[153]</a> A intervenção do governo libanês no comércio exterior é mínima.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-expus-154">[153]</a> A nação tem um nível muito elevado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%ADvida_p%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dívida pública">dívida pública</a> e grandes necessidades de financiamento externo.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-expus-154">[153]</a> A dívida pública em 2010 ultrapassou 150,7% do PIB, ocupando o quarto lugar mais alto do mundo em termos de percentagem do PIB, embora abaixo dos 154,8% registrados em 2009.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-155">[154]</a> A população urbana do país é conhecida pelo seu empreendedorismo comercial.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[155]</a> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emigração">emigração</a> rendeu "redes comerciais" libanesas por todo o mundo.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[156]</a> As remessas dos libaneses no exterior totalizam 8,2 bilhões dólares<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[157]</a> e são responsáveis por um quinto da economia do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[158]</a> O Líbano tem a maior proporção de mão de obra qualificada do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundo árabe">mundo árabe</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[159]</a> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setor_agr%C3%ADcola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Setor agrícola">setor agrícola</a> emprega 12% da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_de_trabalho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força de trabalho">força de trabalho</a> total.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-workforce-161">[160]</a> A agricultura contribuiu para 5,9% do PIB do país em 2011.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[161]</a> A proporção de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terras_cultiv%C3%A1veis_%E2%80%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terras cultiváveis ">terras cultiváveis </a>do país é a mais alta no mundo árabe,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agriculture-163">[162]</a> Os principais produtos agrícolas do país incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ma%C3%A7%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maçã">maçãs</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%AAssego?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pêssego">pêssegos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laranja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laranja">laranjas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lim%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limão">limões</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dos-2010-03-22-164">[163]</a> O mercado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commodities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodities">commodities</a> no Líbano inclui uma produção substancial de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moeda_de_ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moeda de ouro">moedas de ouro</a>, que, de acordo com as normas da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_Transportes_A%C3%A9reos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Associação Internacional de Transportes Aéreos">Associação Internacional de Transportes Aéreos</a>, que deve ser declarada quando for exportada para qualquer país estrangeiro.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[164]</a> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a> tem sido descoberto recentemente no interior e no fundo do mar entre o Líbano, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chipre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chipre">Chipre</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egito">Egito</a> e negociações estão em curso entre Chipre e Egito para chegar a um acordo sobre a exploração desses recursos. Acredita-se que o fundo do mar que separa o Líbano do Chipre contenha quantidades significativas de petróleo bruto e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A1s_natural?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gás natural">gás natural</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[165]</a> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indústria">indústria</a> no Líbano é principalmente limitada a pequenas empresas que remontam e empacotam peças importadas. Em 2004, a indústria ficou em segundo lugar no mercado de trabalho, com 26% da população ativa do país<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-workforce-161">[160]</a> e em segundo lugar na contribuição do PIB (21%).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dos-2010-03-22-164">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Turismo">Turismo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Turismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_(4039803822).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg/220px-Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg/220px-Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg/330px-Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg/440px-Mar_Shaayah_Monastery_%284039803822%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Líbano">Monte Líbano</a> </figcaption> </figure> A indústria do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turismo">turismo</a> é responsável por cerca de 10% do PIB do país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lebtourecon-167">[166]</a> O Líbano conseguiu atrair cerca de 1,3 milhão de turistas em 2008, assim colocando-a como 79ª posição entre 191 países.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Em 2009, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> classificou a cidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> como um importante destino de viagem em todo o mundo devido a sua vida noturna e hospitalidade.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[168]</a> Em janeiro de 2010, o Ministério do Turismo anunciou que 1 851 081 turistas visitaram o Líbano em 2009, um aumento de 39% em relação a 2008.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lebanon-tourism1-170">[169]</a> Em 2009, o Líbano recebeu o maior número de turistas até o momento, superando o recorde anterior, estabelecido antes da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">Guerra Civil Libanesa</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ABC_2009_Tourism_Record-171">[170]</a> As chegadas de turistas chegaram a 2 milhões em 2010, mas caiu de 37% para os primeiros 10 meses de 2012, uma queda causada pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Síria">guerra civil na vizinha Síria</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lebtourecon-167">[166]</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar%C3%A1bia_Saudita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arábia Saudita">Arábia Saudita</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jord%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordânia">Jordânia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japão">Japão</a> são os três países de origem da maior parte dos turistas estrangeiros no Líbano.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[171]</a> O recente afluxo de turistas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japoneses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japoneses">japoneses</a> é, provavelmente, a razão para o recente aumento da popularidade da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_japonesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinária japonesa">culinária japonesa</a> no país.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[172]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Infraestrutura">Infraestrutura</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Infraestrutura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transportes">Transportes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Transportes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg/220px-Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="713"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg/220px-Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg/330px-Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg/440px-Beirut_Airport_aerial_overview_Lim.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute">Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Frances_Guy,_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_(2213410431).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg/220px-Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg/220px-Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg/330px-Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg/440px-Frances_Guy%2C_Beirut_Dock%27s_you_can_just_about_see_the_snow-capped_peaks_%282213410431%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Porto de Beirute </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano possui poucos aeroportos, são alguns poucos militares, algumas bases aéreas em algumas cidades, e o principal do país, o único internacional da nação, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute">Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute</a>, rebatizado após o atentado que matou o ex-primeiro-ministro do país e passou a se chamar <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute">Aeroporto Internacional de Beirute</a>. Moderno, o aeroporto atende a grandes empresas aéreas do mundo, e é parada de escala para grande números de voos que vão de países do Ocidente para países do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extremo_Oriente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extremo Oriente">Extremo Oriente</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriente_M%C3%A9dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriente Médio">Oriente Médio</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[173]</a> O Líbano possui vários portos por seu litoral, porém três merecem maior destaque. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADdon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sídon">Sídon</a>, no sul do Líbano: seu porto é também chamado de porto petrolífero, já que atende os países produtores de petróleo no comércio e na exportação de produtos desses países para a União Europeia e Estados Unidos. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%ADpoli_(L%C3%ADbano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trípoli (Líbano)">Trípoli</a>, no norte do Líbano: importante porto do norte do país, atende mercadorias em geral, porém não possui a mesma magnitude que o porto da capital. Beirute, a capital e maior cidade do Líbano. Além de Beirute ser a porta de entrada do Líbano por via aérea, é também por mar, já que possui o maior e o mais bem equipado porto de todo o país, é também considerado o porto mais movimentado do Mediterrâneo Oriental. A primeira linha ferroviária instalada no país data de 1895, quando o país era ainda parte integrante do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a> e estabelecia a ligação entre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damasco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damasco">Damasco</a>. Em 1906, uma segunda linha foi construída desta feita entre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Riayk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Riayk (página não existe)">Riayk</a>, situada no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_de_Bekaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale de Bekaa">vale de Bekaa</a> e a cidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alepo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alepo">Alepo</a>. Cinco anos depois, esta linha abriu uma ramificação de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homs">Homs</a> na atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a>, até <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tripoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a>. Quando o Líbano se tornou um país independente, a linha de Trípoli ficou isolada da rede. Durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> as tropas aliadas prolongaram a linha de Trípoli pela costa até <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>. O Estado libanês acabou por adquirir os direitos sobre a linha, mas quando as relações entre o Líbano e Israel se deterioraram a linha deixou de funcionar até <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haifa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> passando a terminar em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Naqoura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naqoura (página não existe)">Naqoura</a>. A rede ferroviária não sofreu mais alterações até o início da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Libanesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Libanesa">Guerra Civil Libanesa</a> ao longo da qual foi quase completamente destruída. A última viagem de trem foi em 1977. Desde o final da guerra civil que algumas propostas têm sido feitas no sentido de recuperar a rede ferroviária, mas nada tem sido feito.[<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">carece de fontes</a>?] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Educação">Educação</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Educação" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:American_University_of_Beirut_(4694793112).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg/220px-American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4103" data-file-height="3312"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 178px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg/220px-American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="178" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg/330px-American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg/440px-American_University_of_Beirut_%284694793112%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade_Americana_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universidade Americana de Beirute">Universidade Americana de Beirute</a> </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano foi classificado globalmente no Relatório Global de Tecnologia da Informação de 2013 do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B3rum_Econ%C3%B4mico_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fórum Econômico Mundial">Fórum Econômico Mundial</a> como o quarto melhor país para educação em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemática">matemática</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciências">ciências</a> e como o décimo melhor global para a qualidade da educação. Na qualidade das escolas de gestão, o país ficou em 13º lugar no mundo.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[174]</a> As <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a> atribuíram ao Líbano um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de educação">índice de educação</a> de 0,871 em 2008. O índice, que é determinado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_alfabetiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa de alfabetização">taxa de alfabetização</a> de adultos e o índice combinado de matrícula primária, secundária e terciária, classificou o país 88º entre os 177 países participantes.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-undp-176">[175]</a> Todas as escolas libanesas são obrigadas a seguir um currículo prescrito, elaborado pelo Ministério da Educação. Algumas das 1 400 escolas privadas oferecem o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programa_Internacional_de_Bacharelado_Internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programa Internacional de Bacharelado Internacional">Programa Internacional de Bacharelado Internacional</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[176]</a> e também podem adicionar mais cursos ao currículo com a aprovação do Ministério da Educação. Os primeiros oito anos de educação são, por lei, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_obrigat%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Educação obrigatória">obrigatórios</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dos-2010-03-22-164">[163]</a> O Líbano possui 41 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universidade">universidades</a> nacionais, várias das quais são internacionalmente reconhecidas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[178]</a> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade_Americana_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universidade Americana de Beirute">Universidade Americana de Beirute</a> (AUB) e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universidade São José de Beirute">Universidade São José de Beirute</a> (USJ) foram as primeiras universidades <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angl%C3%B3fona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglófona">anglófonas</a> e as primeiras universidades <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franc%C3%B3fona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francófona">francófonas</a> a abrirem unidades no Líbano, respectivamente.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[179]</a> As universidades do Líbano, tanto públicas quanto privadas, operam em grande parte em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[180]</a> De acordo com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Webometrics Ranking of World Universities">Webometrics Ranking of World Universities</a>, as melhores universidades do país são a Universidade Americana de Beirute (#989 em todo o mundo), a Universidade Libanesa Americana (#2 178 no mundo), a Universidade São José de Beirute (#2 603 no mundo), a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Universit%C3%A9_Libanaise&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Université Libanaise (página não existe)">Université Libanaise</a> (#3 826 em todo o mundo) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Universidade_do_Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo_de_Kaslik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Universidade do Espírito Santo de Kaslik (página não existe)">Universidade do Espírito Santo de Kaslik</a> (#5 525 em todo o mundo).<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Saúde">Saúde</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Saúde" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg/220px-Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="557"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg/220px-Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg/330px-Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg/440px-Saint_George_Hospital_Beirut.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Hospital São Jorge em Beirute </figcaption> </figure> Em 2010, os gastos com saúde representaram 7,03% do PIB do país. Em 2009, havia 31,29 médicos e 19,71 enfermeiros para cada grupo de 10 000 habitantes.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[182]</a> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expectativa_de_vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Expectativa de vida">expectativa de vida</a> no nascimento foi de 72,59 anos em 2011, ou 70,48 anos para homens e 74,80 anos para mulheres.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[183]</a> No final da guerra civil, apenas um terço dos hospitais públicos do país eram operacionais, cada um com uma média de apenas 20 leitos. Em 2009, o país tinha 28 hospitais públicos, com um total de 2 550 camas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-healthref-185">[184]</a> Nos hospitais públicos, os pacientes hospitalizados não segurados pagam 5% da conta, em comparação com 15% em hospitais privados, com o Ministério da Saúde Pública reembolsando o restante.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-healthref-185">[184]</a> O Ministério da Saúde Pública conta com 138 hospitais privados e 25 hospitais públicos.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statbul11-186">[185]</a> Em 2011, havia 236 643 admissões subsidiadas em hospitais; 164 244 em hospitais privados e 72 399 em hospitais públicos. Mais pacientes usam os hospitais privados do que os hospitais públicos, porque o fornecimento de camas privadas é maior.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statbul11-186">[185]</a> Recentemente, tem havido um aumento nas doenças transmitidas por alimentos que enfatizaram a importância da segurança da cadeia alimentar no Líbano. Isso elevou a consciência pública e mais restaurantes estão buscando informações e conformidade com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_Padroniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organização Internacional de Padronização">Organização Internacional de Padronização</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kebabs-187">[186]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cultura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg/220px-Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg/220px-Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg/330px-Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg/440px-Baalbek_in_Jordan_WLM_2014_-_12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Templo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%BApiter_(mitologia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Júpiter (mitologia)">Júpiter</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balbeque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balbeque">Balbeque</a> </figcaption> </figure> A cultura do Líbano reflete o legado de várias civilizações de milhares de anos. Originalmente lar dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cananeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cananeus">cananeus</a>-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenícios">fenícios</a>, e posteriormente conquistada e ocupada pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ass%C3%ADrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assírios">assírios</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persas">persas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregos">gregos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">romanos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabes">árabes</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fat%C3%ADmidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatímidas">fatímidas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruzados?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruzados">cruzados</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turcos_otomanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcos otomanos">turcos otomanos</a> e, mais recentemente, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franceses?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franceses">franceses</a>, a cultura libanesa evoluiu tomando emprestado de todos esses grupos. A população diversificada do Líbano, composta de diferentes grupos étnicos e religiosos, tem contribuído ainda mais para os festivais, estilos musicais e literatura do país, bem como a culinária. Apesar da diversidade étnica, linguística, religiosa e denominacional dos libaneses, eles "compartilham uma cultura quase comum".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StokesJamie-188">[187]</a> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabe_liban%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabe libanês">árabe libanês</a> é universalmente falado, enquanto a comida, a música e a literatura estão profundamente enraizadas "nas normas mais amplas do Mediterrâneo e do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Levante_(Mediterr%C3%A2neo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Levante (Mediterrâneo)">Levante</a> árabe".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StokesJamie-188">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Música,_literatura_e_artes_visuais">Música, literatura e artes visuais</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Música, literatura e artes visuais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg/220px-Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="298"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg/220px-Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg/330px-Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg/440px-Fairuz_playing_the_guitar.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Cantora <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fairuz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fairuz">Fairuz</a> tocando violão na década de 1970 </figcaption> </figure> Enquanto a música folclórica tradicional permanece popular no Líbano, a música moderna reconcilia os estilos árabe tradicional, pop e fusão estão rapidamente avançando em popularidade.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traditional-189">[188]</a> Artistas libaneses como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fairuz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fairuz">Fairuz</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wadih_El_Safi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wadih El Safi">Wadih El Safi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah_(cantora)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah (cantora)">Sabah</a>, ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Najwa_Karam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Najwa Karam">Najwa Karam</a> são amplamente conhecidos e apreciados no Líbano e no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundo árabe">mundo árabe</a>. As estações de rádio apresentam uma variedade de músicas, incluindo melodias tradicionais libanesas, árabes clássicas, armênias,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[189]</a> francesas, inglesas, americanas e latinas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[190]</a> Na literatura, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khalil_Gibran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khalil Gibran">Khalil Gibran</a> é o terceiro poeta mais vendido de todos os tempos, atrás de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laozi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Ele é particularmente conhecido por seu livro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O_Profeta_(livro)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="O Profeta (livro)">O Profeta</a> (1923), que foi traduzido para mais de vinte idiomas diferentes e é o segundo livro mais vendido no século XX, atrás apenas da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%ADblia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artes_visuais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artes visuais">artes visuais</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Moustafa_Farroukh&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Moustafa Farroukh (página não existe)">Moustafa Farroukh</a> estava entre os pintores mais proeminentes do século XX no Líbano. Formalmente treinado em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>, ele expôs internacionalmente ao longo de sua carreira.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Muitos outros artistas contemporâneos estão ativos, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walid_Raad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walid Raad">Walid Raad</a>, um artista contemporâneo de mídia que reside em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova York">Nova York</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinema_e_mídia">Cinema e mídia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cinema e mídia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinema_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinema do Líbano">Cinema do Líbano</a> </div> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinema_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinema do Líbano">cinema do Líbano</a>, segundo o crítico e historiador Roy Armes, era o único cinema do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_%C3%A1rabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mundo árabe">mundo árabe</a>, além do dominante cinema egípcio,<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[196]</a> que poderia equivaler a um cinema nacional.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[197]</a> O cinema libanês existe desde 192, e o país já produziu mais de 500 filmes.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[198]</a> A mídia do Líbano não é apenas um centro regional de produção, mas também a mais liberal e livre do mundo árabe.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[199]</a> De acordo com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%B3rteres_Sem_Fronteiras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Repórteres Sem Fronteiras">Repórteres Sem Fronteiras</a> "a mídia tem mais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberdade_de_imprensa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberdade de imprensa">liberdade</a> no Líbano do que em qualquer outro país árabe".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[200]</a> Apesar de sua pequena população e tamanho geográfico, o Líbano desempenha um papel influente na produção de informações no mundo árabe e está "no centro de uma rede de mídia regional com implicações globais".<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-b1-202">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Culinária">Culinária</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Culinária" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69236695"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culinária do Líbano">Culinária do Líbano</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Falafels_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/220px-Falafels_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/220px-Falafels_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/330px-Falafels_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Falafels_2.jpg/440px-Falafels_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fal%C3%A1fel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faláfel">Faláfel</a>, prato típico do Líbano </figcaption> </figure> A culinária libanesa inclui uma abundância de grãos, frutas, vegetais, peixes frescos e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frutos_do_mar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Frutos do mar">frutos do mar</a>. Aves são consumidas com mais frequência do que carne vermelha, e quando a carne vermelha é consumida, geralmente é carne de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cordeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cordeiro">cordeiro</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cabra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabra">cabra</a>. Também inclui grandes quantidades de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alho?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alho">alho</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azeite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azeite">azeite</a>, geralmente temperado com suco de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lim%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limão">limão</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o_de_bico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grão de bico">grão de bico</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salsa_(molho)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salsa (molho)">salsa</a> também são alimentos básicos da dieta libanesa.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sheehan-203">[202]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Al-Faqih-204">[203]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Laura-206">[205]</a> Pratos saborosos bem conhecidos incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baba_ghanoush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baba ghanoush">baba ghanoush</a>, um molho feito de berinjela grelhada no carvão; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fal%C3%A1fel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faláfel">faláfel</a>, pequenas bolas fritas ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riss%C3%B3is?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rissóis">rissóis</a> feitos de grão-de-bico muito condimentado, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fava?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fava">favas</a> ou uma combinação dos dois; e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shawarma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shawarma">shawarma</a>, um sanduíche com carne marinada no espeto e cozida em grandes varas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Um componente importante de muitas refeições libanesas é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homus">homus</a>, um molho ou pasta feito de grão de bico misturado, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tahine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tahine">tahine</a>, suco de limão e alho, geralmente comido com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A3o_%C3%A1zimo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pão ázimo">pão ázimo</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209">[208]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Saleh_2012-211">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esportes">Esportes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Esportes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_(Nejmeh_fans).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png/220px-Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="739"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png/220px-Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png/330px-Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png/440px-Camille_Chamoun_Sports_City_Stadium_2018_-_Beirut_derby_%28Nejmeh_fans%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Est%C3%A1dio_Camille_Chamoun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estádio Camille Chamoun (página não existe)">Estádio Camille Chamoun</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beirute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beirute">Beirute</a> </figcaption> </figure> O Líbano possui seis estações de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esqui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esqui">esqui</a>. Devido à geografia única do Líbano, é possível esquiar pela manhã e nadar no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">Mar Mediterrâneo</a> à tarde<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Aikman2009-212">[211]</a> No nível competitivo, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basquete?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basquete">basquete</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futebol">futebol</a> estão entre os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esporte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Esporte">esportes</a> mais populares do Líbano. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canoagem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canoagem">Canoagem</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciclismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciclismo">ciclismo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafting">rafting</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalada">escalada</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nata%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natação">natação</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vela_(desporto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vela (desporto)">vela</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espeleologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espeleologia">espeleologia</a> estão entre os outros esportes de lazer comuns. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maratona_de_Beirute&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maratona de Beirute (página não existe)">Maratona de Beirute</a> é realizada todo outono, atraindo os melhores corredores do Líbano e de outros países.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213">[212]</a> O futebol também está entre os esportes mais populares e participam do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Campeonato_Liban%C3%AAs_de_Futebol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Campeonato Libanês de Futebol (página não existe)">Campeonato Libanês de Futebol</a> os clubes mais bem-sucedidos, como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Al-Ansar_Sporting_Club&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Al-Ansar Sporting Club (página não existe)">Al-Ansar Sporting Club</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nejmeh_SC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nejmeh SC (página não existe)">Nejmeh SC</a>, com jogadores notáveis como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roda_Antar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roda Antar">Roda Antar</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Youssef_Mohamad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Youssef Mohamad">Youssef Mohamad</a>, o primeiro árabe a ser capitão de uma equipe europeia. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Libanesa_de_Basquetebol_Masculino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Libanesa de Basquetebol Masculino">Seleção Libanesa de Basquetebol Masculino</a> se classificou para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_de_Basquetebol_Masculino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo de Basquetebol Masculino">Campeonato Mundial da Fiba</a> três vezes consecutivas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214">[213]</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215">[214]</a> Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esportes_aqu%C3%A1ticos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Esportes aquáticos">esportes aquáticos</a> também se mostraram muito ativos nos últimos anos, no Líbano. Desde 2012 e com o surgimento da ONG Lebanon Water Festival, mais ênfase foi colocada nesses esportes, e o Líbano foi impulsionado como um destino de esportes aquáticos internacionalmente.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216">[215]</a> Eles hospedam diferentes competições e esportes aquáticos que incentivam seus fãs a participar.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[216]</a> Nos últimos anos, o Líbano sediou a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_da_%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa da Ásia">Copa da Ásia</a>[<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">carece de fontes</a>?] e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jogos_Pan-Ar%C3%A1bicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jogos Pan-Arábicos">Jogos Pan-Arábicos</a>.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218">[217]</a> O Líbano sediou o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jogos_da_Francofonia_de_2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jogos da Francofonia de 2009">Jogos da Francofonia de 2009</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219">[218]</a> de 27 de setembro a 6 de outubro, e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano_nos_Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbano nos Jogos Olímpicos">participou</a> de todos os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jogos Olímpicos">Jogos Olímpicos</a> desde sua independência, ganhando um total de quatro medalhas.<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220">[219]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Ver_também">Ver também</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conflito_%C3%A1rabe-israelense?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conflito árabe-israelense">Conflito árabe-israelense</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_Estados_soberanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de Estados soberanos">Lista de Estados soberanos</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_Estados_soberanos_e_territ%C3%B3rios_dependentes_da_%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de Estados soberanos e territórios dependentes da Ásia">Lista de Estados soberanos e territórios dependentes da Ásia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miss%C3%B5es_diplom%C3%A1ticas_do_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missões diplomáticas do Líbano">Missões diplomáticas do Líbano</a></li> </ul> </section> <h2 id="Notas" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)">Notas</h2> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> República do Líbano é o termo mais comum, usado pelo governo libanês e suas agências. O termo República Libanesa, uma tradução literal dos nomes oficiais árabe e francês, também é usado, porém com menos frequência.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"></div> </section> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)">Referências</h2> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-línguas-1">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-l%C3%ADnguas_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-l%C3%ADnguas_1-1">b</a> O artigo 11 da Constituição do Líbano estipula: "O árabe é a língua oficial nacional, uma lei determinará os casos em que a língua francesa pode ser usada". Ver: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa_no_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa no Líbano">Língua francesa no Líbano</a></li> <li id="cite_note-ct-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ct_2-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119201440/http://presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%2520Constitution.pdf">«The Lebanese Constitution»</a> (PDF). Presidency of Lebanon. Consultado em 20 de Agosto de 2011. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%2520Constitution.pdf">original</a> (PDF) em 19 de janeiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=The+Lebanese+Constitution&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Presidency+of+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresidency.gov.lb%2FEnglish%2FLebaneseSystem%2FDocuments%2FLebanese%2520Constitution.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fronteira-3">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fronteira_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fronteira_3-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html">«Lebanon»</a> (em inglês). The World Factbook. Consultado em 7 de agosto de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fle.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://population.un.org/wpp/">Revisão 2015 das Perspectivas da População Mundial</a>". <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Departamento_de_Assuntos_Econ%C3%B4micos_e_Sociais_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Departamento de Assuntos Econômicos e Sociais das Nações Unidas">Population.un.org</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FMI-5">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_5-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_5-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_5-2">c</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_5-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x%3D58%26pr.y%3D0%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2024%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D446%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D">«Lebanon»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fundo_Monet%C3%A1rio_Internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fundo Monetário Internacional">Fundo Monetário Internacional</a> (FMI). Consultado em 29 de setembro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fundo+Monet%C3%A1rio+Internacional+%28FMI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D58%26pr.y%3D0%26sy%3D2017%26ey%3D2024%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D446%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDH-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IDH_6-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">«Human Development Report 2019»</a> (PDF) (em inglês). Programa de Desenvolvimento das Nações Unidas. Consultado em 17 de dezembro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Programa+de+Desenvolvimento+das+Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Unidas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105190342/http://www.libano.org.br/olibano_geografia_lingua.html%23">«Embaixada do Líbano no Brasil, "O Líbano/Língua"»</a>. Consultado em 22 de janeiro de 2009. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.libano.org.br/olibano_geografia_lingua.html%23">original</a> em 5 de janeiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Embaixada+do+L%C3bano+no+Brasil%2C+%22O+L%C3bano%2FL%C3ngua%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libano.org.br%2Folibano_geografia_lingua.html%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMcGowen" class="citation">McGowen, Afaf Sabeh (1989), «Historical Setting», in: Collelo, Thomas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/cntrystd.lb">Lebanon: A Country Study</a>, Area Handbook Series 3rd ed. , Washington, D.C.: The Division, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18907889">18907889</a>, consultado em 24 de julho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Historical+Setting&rft.aufirst=Afaf+Sabeh&rft.aulast=McGowen&rft.btitle=Lebanon%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=The+Division&rft.series=Area+Handbook+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.loc.gov%2Floc.gdc%2Fcntrystd.lb&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18907889&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-byblos-10">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-byblos_10-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-byblos_10-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2006). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. [S.l.]: ABC-CLIO. p. 104. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1576079198?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1576079198">1576079198</a>. <q>Archaelogical excavations at Byblos indicate that the site has been continually inhabited since at least 5000 B.C.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Abu-Lughod%2C+Janet+L.&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Bruce+E.&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1576079198&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|acessodata=</code> requer <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#accessdate_missing_url" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.countriesquest.com/middle_east/lebanon/government.htm">«Government, Lebanon, Middle East - confessionalism, parliamentary republic, Lebanese Civil War, buffer state, government posts»</a>. www.countriesquest.com. Consultado em 22 de novembro de 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Government%2C+Lebanon%2C+Middle+East+-+confessionalism%2C+parliamentary+republic%2C+Lebanese+Civil+War%2C+buffer+state%2C+government+posts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.countriesquest.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.countriesquest.com%2Fmiddle_east%2Flebanon%2Fgovernment.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-us_dos-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-us_dos_12-0">↑</a> U.S. Department of State (Janerio de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35833.htm">"Background Note: Lebanon"</a>. Acessado em 21 de julho de 2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Moubayed, Sami (5 de setembro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/II05Ak01.html">«Lebanon douses a terrorist fire»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a>. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+douses+a+terrorist+fire&rft.aufirst=Sami&rft.aulast=Moubayed&rft.date=2007-09-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FII05Ak01.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tourism-14">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tourism_14-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tourism_14-1">b</a> Anna Johnson (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/fn/4297143.html">"Lebanon: Tourism Depends on Stability"</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa">[ligação inativa]</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Canadian International Development Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/lebanon%233">"Lebanon: Country Profile"</a>. Retrieved 2 December 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Center for the Study of the Built Environment. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.csbe.org/saliba/essay1.htm">"Deconstructing Beirut's Reconstruction: 1990-2000"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725210323/http://www.csbe.org/saliba/essay1.htm">Arquivado em</a> 25 de julho de 2011, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Retrieved 31 October 2006.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm">«Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel, unanimously adopting Resolution 1701 (2006)»</a>. UN. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Security+Council+calls+for+end+to+hostilities+between+Hizbollah%2C+Israel%2C+unanimously+adopting+Resolution+1701+%282006%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2006%2Fsc8808.doc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/libano-forte-explosao-em-beirute">«Líbano: Explosões que já mataram mais de uma centena de pessoas tiveram origem num depósito com 2.750 toneladas de nitrato de amónio»</a>. 24.sapo.pt. Consultado em 4 de agosto de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=L%C3bano%3A+Explos%C3%B5es+que+j%C3%A1+mataram+mais+de+uma+centena+de+pessoas+tiveram+origem+num+dep%C3%B3sito+com+2.750+toneladas+de+nitrato+de+am%C3%B3nio&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=24.sapo.pt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F24.sapo.pt%2Fatualidade%2Fartigos%2Flibano-forte-explosao-em-beirute&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Room, Adrian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DM1JIPAN-eJ4C%26pg%3DPA214">Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,621 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites</a> 2ª ed. [S.l.]: McFarland. pp. 214–216. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7864-2248-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7864-2248-7">978-0-7864-2248-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.aulast=Room&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World%3A+Origins+and+Meanings+of+the+Names+for+6%2C621+Countries%2C+Cities%2C+Territories%2C+Natural+Features+and+Historic+Sites&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=2%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&rft.pages=214-216&rft.pub=McFarland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1JIPAN-eJ4C%26pg%3DPA214&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (2004). The Oxford guide to people and places of the Bible. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 178. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-19-517610-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-19-517610-3">0-19-517610-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Coogan%2C+Michael+D.&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+guide+to+people+and+places+of+the+Bible&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-517610-3&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Bienkowski, Piotr; Millard, Alan Ralph (2000). Dictionary of the ancient Near East. [S.l.]: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 178. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8122-3557-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8122-3557-9">978-0-8122-3557-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Millard%2C+Alan+Ralph&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft.aulast=Bienkowski&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+ancient+Near+East&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-3557-9&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Ross, Kelley L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.friesian.com/egypt.htm">«The Pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian»</a>. The Proceedings of the Friesian School, Fourth Series. Friesian School. Consultado em 20 de janeiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Pronunciation+of+Ancient+Egyptian&rft.aufirst=Kelley+L&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Proceedings+of+the+Friesian+School%2C+Fourth+Series&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friesian.com%2Fegypt.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PeltenburgWasse2004a-23"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PeltenburgWasse2004a_23-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Garfinkel, Yosef (2004). «"Néolithique" and "Énéolithique" Byblos in Southern Levantine Context». In: E. J. Peltenburg; Alexander Wasse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6mKBAAAAMAAJ">Neolithic Revolution: New Perspectives on Southwest Asia in Light of Recent Discoveries on Cyprus</a>. [S.l.]: Oxbow Books. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-84217-132-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-84217-132-5">978-1-84217-132-5</a>. Consultado em 18 de janeiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=%22N%C3%A9olithique%22+and+%22%C3%89n%C3%A9olithique%22+Byblos+in+Southern+Levantine+Context&rft.au=Garfinkel%2C+Yosef&rft.btitle=Neolithic+Revolution%3A+New+Perspectives+on+Southwest+Asia+in+Light+of+Recent+Discoveries+on+Cyprus&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-84217-132-5&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6mKBAAAAMAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://destinationlebanon.gov.lb/eng/Byblos/History.asp">«Archaeological Virtual Tours: Byblos»</a>. Destinationlebanon.gov.lb. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223164318/http://destinationlebanon.gov.lb/eng/Byblos/History.asp">Cópia arquivada em 23 de fevereiro de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Virtual+Tours%3A+Byblos&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Destinationlebanon.gov.lb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdestinationlebanon.gov.lb%2Feng%2FByblos%2FHistory.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_lebanonphoenicians.htm">«Lebanon in Ancient Times»</a>. About.com. 13 de abril de 2012. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511150553/http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_lebanonphoenicians.htm">Cópia arquivada em 11 de maio de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon+in+Ancient+Times&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=About.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fancienthistory.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fbl%2Fbl_lebanonphoenicians.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.nl-26">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-books.google.nl_26-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-books.google.nl_26-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Sorenson, David S. (12 de novembro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DL7fr8WGPS_gC%26pg%3DPA8">Global Security Watch—Lebanon: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook</a>. [S.l.: s.n.] <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780313365799?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780313365799">9780313365799</a>. Consultado em 25 de dezembro de 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012124444/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DL7fr8WGPS_gC%26pg%3DPA8">Cópia arquivada em 12 de outubro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.btitle=Global+Security+Watch%94Lebanon%3A+A+Reference+Handbook%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780313365799&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL7fr8WGPS_gC%26pg%3DPA8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Dalrymple, William (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DjHGYvr7rkrsC">From the Holy Mountain: A Journey Among the Christians of the Middle East</a>. [S.l.]: Vintage Books (Random House). p. 305. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780307948922?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780307948922">9780307948922</a>. Consultado em 20 de junho de 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212200/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DjHGYvr7rkrsC">Cópia arquivada em 5 de setembro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Dalrymple%2C+William&rft.btitle=From+the+Holy+Mountain%3A+A+Journey+Among+the+Christians+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780307948922&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Vintage+Books+%28Random+House%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjHGYvr7rkrsC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Page, Melvin Eugene; Sonnenburg, Penny M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DqFTHBoRvQbsC%26pg%3DPA338">Colonialism</a>. [S.l.: s.n.] <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781576073353?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781576073353">9781576073353</a>. Consultado em 25 de dezembro de 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012124706/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DqFTHBoRvQbsC%26pg%3DPA338">Cópia arquivada em 12 de outubro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Sonnenburg%2C+Penny+M.&rft.aufirst=Melvin+Eugene&rft.aulast=Page&rft.btitle=Colonialism&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781576073353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqFTHBoRvQbsC%26pg%3DPA338&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">stefan, winter (25 de outubro de 2012). The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 0–220. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1107411432?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1107411432">978-1107411432</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=winter&rft.aulast=stefan&rft.btitle=The+Shiites+of+Lebanon+under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1516-1788&rft.date=2012-10-25&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1107411432&rft.pages=0-220&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Gorton, T.J. (25 de abril de 2013). Renaissance Emir. [S.l.]: Quartet Books. pp. 160–161. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780704372979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780704372979">9780704372979</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Gorton%2C+T.J.&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Emir&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780704372979&rft.pages=160-161&rft.pub=Quartet+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Gorton, T.J. (25 de abril de 2013). Renaissance Emir. [S.l.]: Quartet Books. pp. 195–210. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780704372979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780704372979">9780704372979</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Gorton%2C+T.J.&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Emir&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780704372979&rft.pages=195-210&rft.pub=Quartet+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID%2Blb0026)">«Lebanon»</a>. Library of Congress Country Studies. Dezembro de 1987. Consultado em 14 de abril de 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731123851/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%252Fcstdy%253A%2540field%2528DOCID%2Blb0026%2529">Cópia arquivada em 31 de julho de 2018</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon&rft.date=1987-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress+Country+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Blb0026%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ehdenfamilytree.com/getperson.php?personID%3DI1%26tree%3Dehden">«Youssef KARAM, I b. May 1823 d. 7 Apr 1889: Ehden Family Tree»</a>. www.ehdenfamilytree.com. Consultado em 10 de abril de 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329220258/https://www.ehdenfamilytree.com/getperson.php?personID%3DI1%26tree%3Dehden">Cópia arquivada em 29 de março de 2019</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Youssef+KARAM%2C+I+b.+May+1823+d.+7+Apr+1889%3A+Ehden+Family+Tree&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ehdenfamilytree.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehdenfamilytree.com%2Fgetperson.php%3FpersonID%3DI1%26tree%3Dehden&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ilah-34">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ilah_34-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ilah_34-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ilah_34-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web">Saadi, Abdul-Ilah (12 de fevereiro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/arabunity/2008/02/2008525183842614205.html">«Dreaming of Greater Syria»</a>. Al Jazeera. Consultado em 26 de abril de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513110319/http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/arabunity/2008/02/2008525183842614205.html">Cópia arquivada em 13 de maio de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Saadi%2C+Abdul-Ilah&rft.btitle=Dreaming+of+Greater+Syria&rft.date=2008-02-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Ffocus%2Farabunity%2F2008%2F02%2F2008525183842614205.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Beggiani, Chorbishop Seely. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stmaron.org/marhist11.html">«Aspects of Maronite History (Part Eleven) The twentieth century in Western Asia»</a>. Stmaron.org. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629110712/http://stmaron.org/marhist11.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de junho de 2006</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Beggiani%2C+Chorbishop+Seely&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Maronite+History+%28Part+Eleven%29+The+twentieth+century+in+Western+Asia&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Stmaron.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmaron.org%2Fmarhist11.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Abisaab, Malek (2016). Martin, Richard C., ed. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 1st ed. [S.l.]: Gale – via Credo Reference</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Malek&rft.aulast=Abisaab&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam+and+the+Muslim+World&rft.date=2016&rft.edition=1st&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Gale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/glossary.html">«Glossary: Cross-Channel invasion»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a>. Consultado em 17 de outubro de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028211604/http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/glossary.html">Cópia arquivada em 28 de outubro de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Glossary%3A+Cross-Channel+invasion&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fbehindcloseddoors%2Fglossary.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Barr, James (27 de outubro de 2011). A line in the sand : Britain, France and the struggle for the mastery of the Middle East. Londres: [s.n.] <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-84983-903-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-84983-903-7">978-1-84983-903-7</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/990782374">990782374</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=James&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.btitle=A+line+in+the+sand+%3A+Britain%2C+France+and+the+struggle+for+the+mastery+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-84983-903-7&rft.place=Londres&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F990782374&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, by H. Duncan Hall, Carnegie Endowment, 1948, pages 265–266</li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/">«History of the United Nations»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127033154/http://www.un.org/aboutun/unhistory/">Cópia arquivada em 27 de janeiro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=History+of+the+United+Nations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Unidas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Faboutun%2Funhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Harb, Imad (Março de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usip.org/publications/lebanons-confessionalism-problems-and-prospects">«Lebanon's Confessionalism: Problems and Prospects»</a>. USIPeace Briefing. United States Institute of Peace. Consultado em 20 de janeiro de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709034419/http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/0330_lebanon_confessionalism.html">Cópia arquivada em 9 de julho de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Confessionalism%3A+Problems+and+Prospects&rft.aufirst=Imad&rft.aulast=Harb&rft.date=2006-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USIPeace+Briefing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fpublications%2Flebanons-confessionalism-problems-and-prospects&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Toaldo, Mattia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dc_gePvKuC_YC%26q%3Delias%2Bsarkis%2Bsyrian%2Bintervention%26pg%3DPA45">The Origins of the US War on Terror: Lebanon, Libya and American intervention in the Middle East</a>. [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 45. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0415685016?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0415685016">978-0415685016</a>. Consultado em 14 de junho de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Mattia&rft.aulast=Toaldo&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+US+War+on+Terror%3A+Lebanon%2C+Libya+and+American+intervention+in+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0415685016&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc_gePvKuC_YC%26q%3Delias%2Bsarkis%2Bsyrian%2Bintervention%26pg%3DPA45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fco-cpl-43">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fco-cpl_43-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fco-cpl_43-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fco-cpl_43-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/middle-east-north-africa/lebanon/?profile%3Dall">«Country Profile: Lebanon»</a>. British Foreign & Commonwealth Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117000044/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/middle-east-north-africa/lebanon/?profile%3Dall">Cópia arquivada em 17 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=British+Foreign+%26+Commonwealth+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fco.gov.uk%2Fen%2Ftravel-and-living-abroad%2Ftravel-advice-by-country%2Fcountry-profile%2Fmiddle-east-north-africa%2Flebanon%2F%3Fprofile%3Dall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%2520Relations/Israels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947/1977-1979/133%2520Statement%2520to%2520the%2520press%2520by%2520Prime%2520Minister%2520Begin">"133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road- 12 de março de 1978"</a>, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1977–79</li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Smith, op. cit., 355.</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> Jillian Becker, The PLO, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984), pp. 202, 279.</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> Smith, op. cit., p. 376.</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">«The Bombing of Beirut». Journal of Palestine Studies. 11 (1): 218–225. 1981. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1525%252Fjps.1981.11.1.00p0366x">10.1525/jps.1981.11.1.00p0366x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Bombing+of+Beirut&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.pages=218-225&rft.volume=11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.1981.11.1.00p0366x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> Smith, op. cit., p. 377.</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> The War of the Camps, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 191–194</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.juancole.com/2006/07/congress-expects-islamic-dawa-to.html">«Informed Comment»</a>. Consultado em 8 de março de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id%3D1241720698924967">Cópia arquivada em 7 de maio de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Informed+Comment&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juancole.com%2F2006%2F07%2Fcongress-expects-islamic-dawa-to.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Wood, Josh (12 de julho de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/12/world/middleeast/after-2-decades-scars-of-lebanons-civil-war-block-path-to-dialogue.html">«After 2 Decades, Scars of Lebanon's Civil War Block Path to Dialogue»</a>. The New York Times. Consultado em 19 de fevereiro de 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218233705/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/12/world/middleeast/after-2-decades-scars-of-lebanons-civil-war-block-path-to-dialogue.html">Cópia arquivada em 18 de fevereiro de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=After+2+Decades%2C+Scars+of+Lebanon%27s+Civil+War+Block+Path+to+Dialogue&rft.au=Wood%2C+Josh&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F12%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fafter-2-decades-scars-of-lebanons-civil-war-block-path-to-dialogue.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D72218">«Lebanon: Haven for foreign militants»</a>. UN IRIN news. 17 de maio de 2007. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910195217/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D72218">Cópia arquivada em 10 de setembro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon%3A+Haven+for+foreign+militants&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UN+IRIN+news&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D72218&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Salem, Paul (1 de novembro de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20061101faessay85602/paul-salem/the-future-of-lebanon.html">«The Future of Lebanon»</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061108115822/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20061101faessay85602/paul-salem/the-future-of-lebanon.html">Cópia arquivada em 8 de novembro de 2006</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Lebanon&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.org%2F20061101faessay85602%2Fpaul-salem%2Fthe-future-of-lebanon.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5228554.stm">«Qana makes grim history again»</a> (em inglês). 31 de julho de 2006. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Qana+makes+grim+history+again&rft.date=2006-07-31&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F5228554.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_56-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_56-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_56-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.net/2004/10/03/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585">«لبنان.. سنوات الحرب والسلام»</a>. www.aljazeera.net (em árabe). Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86..+%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2F2004%2F10%2F03%2F%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Haberman, Clyde (3 de junho de 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/03/world/dozens-are-killed-as-israelis-attack-camp-in-lebanon.html">«Dozens Are Killed As Israelis Attack Camp in Lebanon»</a>. The New York Times (em inglês). <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Dozens+Are+Killed+As+Israelis+Attack+Camp+in+Lebanon&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.date=1994-06-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F06%2F03%2Fworld%2Fdozens-are-killed-as-israelis-attack-camp-in-lebanon.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jta.org/1997/06/05/default/fighting-erupts-in-lebanon-after-rockets-hit-jewish-state">«Fighting erupts in Lebanon after rockets hit Jewish state»</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency (em inglês). 5 de junho de 1997. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Fighting+erupts+in+Lebanon+after+rockets+hit+Jewish+state&rft.date=1997-06-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1997%2F06%2F05%2Fdefault%2Ffighting-erupts-in-lebanon-after-rockets-hit-jewish-state&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200429-new-details-surface-20-years-on-from-israels-withdrawal-from-lebanon/">«New details surface 20 years on from Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon»</a>. Middle East Monitor (em inglês). 29 de abril de 2020. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=New+details+surface+20+years+on+from+Israel%27s+withdrawal+from+Lebanon&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20200429-new-details-surface-20-years-on-from-israels-withdrawal-from-lebanon%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/150402/Israeli-regime-s-ample-weaknesses-make-its-collapse-undeniable">«Israeli regime's ample weaknesses make its collapse undeniable: Nasrallah»</a>. Mehr News Agency (em inglês). 24 de setembro de 2019. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Israeli+regime%27s+ample+weaknesses+make+its+collapse+undeniable%3A+Nasrallah&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mehr+News+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F150402%2FIsraeli-regime-s-ample-weaknesses-make-its-collapse-undeniable&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/lebanon/resistance-and-liberation-day">«Resistance and Liberation Day in Lebanon in 2021»</a>. Office Holidays (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Resistance+and+Liberation+Day+in+Lebanon+in+2021&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+Holidays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officeholidays.com%2Fholidays%2Flebanon%2Fresistance-and-liberation-day&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/en/content/occasion-day-resistance-and-liberation-armed-forces-commander-general-joseph-aoun-delivered">«On the occasion of the Day of Resistance and Liberation, the Armed Forces Commander General Joseph Aoun delivered the Order of the Day to the troops»</a>. الموقع الرسمي للجيش اللبناني (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=On+the+occasion+of+the+Day+of+Resistance+and+Liberation%2C+the+Armed+Forces+Commander+General+Joseph+Aoun+delivered+the+Order+of+the+Day+to+the+troops&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebarmy.gov.lb%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Foccasion-day-resistance-and-liberation-armed-forces-commander-general-joseph-aoun-delivered&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Mroue, Bassem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700118094/Lebanese-mark-uprising-against-Syrian-domination.html">«Lebanese mark uprising against Syria's domination»</a>. Deseret News. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+mark+uprising+against+Syria%27s+domination&rft.aufirst=Bassem&rft.aulast=Mroue&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F700118094%2FLebanese-mark-uprising-against-Syrian-domination.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4342705.stm">«Syria begins Lebanon withdrawal»</a>. BBC News. 12 de março de 2005. Consultado em 11 de dezembro de 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Syria+begins+Lebanon+withdrawal&rft.date=2005-03-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4342705.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm">«Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel»</a>. UN – Security Council, Department of Public Information. 11 de agosto de 2006. Consultado em 19 de janeiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Security+Council+calls+for+end+to+hostilities+between+Hizbollah%2C+Israel&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UN+%93+Security+Council%2C+Department+of+Public+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2006%2Fsc8808.doc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doha_NYT-66">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Doha_NYT_66-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Doha_NYT_66-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Doha_NYT_66-2">c</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Doha_NYT_66-3">d</a> <cite class="citation news">Worth, Robert; Nada Bakri (16 de maio de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/16/world/middleeast/16lebanon.html">«Feuding Political Camps in Lebanon Agree to Talk to End Impasse»</a>. The New York Times. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Feuding+Political+Camps+in+Lebanon+Agree+to+Talk+to+End+Impasse&rft.au=Nada+Bakri&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F16%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F16lebanon.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D81306">«Life set to get harder for Nahr al-Bared refugees»</a>. UN IRIN newsg. 5 de novembro de 2008. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922104134/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId%3D81306">Cópia arquivada em 22 de setembro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Life+set+to+get+harder+for+Nahr+al-Bared+refugees&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UN+IRIN+newsg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D81306&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Politician-68">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Global_Politician_68-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Global_Politician_68-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Global_Politician_68-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news">Ruff, Abdul (1 de junho de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.globalpolitician.com/24841-lebanon">«Lebanon back to Normalcy?»</a>. Global Politician. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234738/http://www.globalpolitician.com/24841-lebanon">Cópia arquivada em 28 de junho de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+back+to+Normalcy%3F&rft.aufirst=Abdul&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Politician&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpolitician.com%2F24841-lebanon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france24.com/en/20080509-beirut-street-clashes-turn-deadly-lebanon-hezbollah?navi%3DMONDE">«Beirut street clashes turn deadly»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_24?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 9 de maio de 2008. Consultado em 9 de maio de 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204041825/http://www.france24.com/en/20080509-beirut-street-clashes-turn-deadly-lebanon-hezbollah?navi%3DMONDE">Cópia arquivada em 4 de dezembro de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Beirut+street+clashes+turn+deadly&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=France+24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20080509-beirut-street-clashes-turn-deadly-lebanon-hezbollah%3Fnavi%3DMONDE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Martínez, Beatriz; Francesco Volpicella (Setembro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tni.org/article/walking-tight-wire">«Walking the tight wire – Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transnational_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transnational Institute">Transnational Institute</a>. Consultado em 9 de maio de 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323224102/http://www.tni.org/article/walking-tight-wire">Cópia arquivada em 23 de março de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Francesco+Volpicella&rft.aufirst=Beatriz&rft.aulast=Mart%C3nez&rft.btitle=Walking+the+tight+wire+%93+Conversations+on+the+May+2008+Lebanese+crisis&rft.date=2008-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Transnational+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tni.org%2Farticle%2Fwalking-tight-wire&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doha-71"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Doha_71-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Abdallah, Hussein (22 de maio de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id%3D1%26categ_id%3D2%26article_id%3D92308">«Lebanese rivals set to elect president after historic accord»</a>. The Daily Star. Consultado em 19 de outubro de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305232232/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id%3D1%26categ_id%3D2%26article_id%3D92308">Cópia arquivada em 5 de março de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+rivals+set+to+elect+president+after+historic+accord&rft.aufirst=Hussein&rft.aulast=Abdallah&rft.date=2008-05-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2Farticle.asp%3Fedition_id%3D1%26categ_id%3D2%26article_id%3D92308&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_collapse-72"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_collapse_72-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12170608">«Hezbollah and allies topple Lebanese unity government»</a>. BBC. 12 de janeiro de 2011. Consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113042200/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12170608">Cópia arquivada em 13 de janeiro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+and+allies+topple+Lebanese+unity+government&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-12170608&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_collapse-73"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NYT_collapse_73-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Bakri, Nada (12 de janeiro de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/world/middleeast/13lebanon.html?pagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1">«Resignations Deepen Crisis for Lebanon»</a>. The New York Times. Consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110084949/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/world/middleeast/13lebanon.html?pagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1">Cópia arquivada em 10 de novembro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Resignations+Deepen+Crisis+for+Lebanon&rft.aufirst=Nada&rft.aulast=Bakri&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F13lebanon.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1%26_r%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-09/world/lebanon.nasrallah.israel_1_hezbollah-leader-hassan-nasrallah-israelis?_s%3DPM:WORLD">«Hezbollah chief: Israel killed Hariri»</a>. CNN. 9 de agosto de 2010. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116235714/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-09/world/lebanon.nasrallah.israel_1_hezbollah-leader-hassan-nasrallah-israelis?_s%3DPM%253AWORLD">Cópia arquivada em 16 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+chief%3A+Israel+killed+Hariri&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2010-08-09%2Fworld%2Flebanon.nasrallah.israel_1_hezbollah-leader-hassan-nasrallah-israelis%3F_s%3DPM%3AWORLD&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stratfor.com/sample/analysis/hezbollah-threatens-explosion-beirut-over-tribunal">«Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal»</a>. Stratfor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160410/http://www.stratfor.com/sample/analysis/hezbollah-threatens-explosion-beirut-over-tribunal">Cópia arquivada em 10 de novembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+Threatens+an+%27Explosion%27+in+Beirut+Over+Tribunal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Stratfor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfor.com%2Fsample%2Fanalysis%2Fhezbollah-threatens-explosion-beirut-over-tribunal&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Cave, Damien (23 de agosto de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/world/middleeast/syrian-war-plays-out-along-a-street-in-lebanon.html?ref%3Dmiddleeast">«Syrian War Plays Out Along a Street in Lebanon»</a>. The New York Times. Consultado em 19 de fevereiro de 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701041958/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/world/middleeast/syrian-war-plays-out-along-a-street-in-lebanon.html?ref%3Dmiddleeast">Cópia arquivada em 1 de julho de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Syrian+War+Plays+Out+Along+a+Street+in+Lebanon&rft.au=Cave%2C+Damien&rft.date=2012-08-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyrian-war-plays-out-along-a-street-in-lebanon.html%3Fref%3Dmiddleeast&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-refugees-77"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-refugees_77-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id%3D122">«Syria Regional Refugee Response – Lebanon»</a>. UNHCR. Consultado em 9 de agosto de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626091416/http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id%3D122">Cópia arquivada em 26 de junho de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Syria+Regional+Refugee+Response+%93+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNHCR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.unhcr.org%2Fsyrianrefugees%2Fcountry.php%3Fid%3D122&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Kverme, Kai (14 de fevereiro de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/02/14/refugee-factor/fgl0">«The Refugee Factor»</a>. SADA. Consultado em 14 de fevereiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192335/http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/02/14/refugee-factor/fgl0">Cópia arquivada em 29 de outubro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft.aulast=Kverme&rft.btitle=The+Refugee+Factor&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SADA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2013%2F02%2F14%2Frefugee-factor%2Ffgl0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Janmyr, Maja (16 de março de 2018). «UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon». The International Journal of Human Rights. 22 (3): 393–419. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1364-2987">1364-2987</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%252F13642987.2017.1371140">10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=UNHCR+and+the+Syrian+refugee+response%3A+negotiating+status+and+registration+in+Lebanon&rft.aufirst=Maja&rft.aulast=Janmyr&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1364-2987&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Human+Rights&rft.pages=393-419&rft.volume=22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13642987.2017.1371140&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Tsourapas, Gerasimos (4 de maio de 2019). «The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey». Journal of Global Security Studies (em inglês). 4 (4): 464–481. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2057-3170">2057-3170</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fjogss%252Fogz016">10.1093/jogss/ogz016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Syrian+Refugee+Crisis+and+Foreign+Policy+Decision-Making+in+Jordan%2C+Lebanon%2C+and+Turkey&rft.aufirst=Gerasimos&rft.aulast=Tsourapas&rft.date=2019-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2057-3170&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Global+Security+Studies&rft.pages=464-481&rft.volume=4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjogss%2Fogz016&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/53061">«Document - Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) 2017-2020 - full version»</a>. Consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230101444/https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/53061">Cópia arquivada em 30 de dezembro de 2018</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Document+-+Lebanon+Crisis+Response+Plan+%28LCRP%29+2017-2020+-+full+version&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata2.unhcr.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fdetails%2F53061&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Fadi Tawil (17 de outubro de 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/lebanese-protesters-close-roads-over-imposition-of-new-taxes/2019/10/17/d2f4482a-f116-11e9-bb7e-d2026ee0c199_story.html">«Protests spread across Lebanon over proposed new taxes»</a>. Washington Post (em inglês). AP. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021000630/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/lebanese-protesters-close-roads-over-imposition-of-new-taxes/2019/10/17/d2f4482a-f116-11e9-bb7e-d2026ee0c199_story.html">Cópia arquivada em 21 de outubro de 2019</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Protests+spread+across+Lebanon+over+proposed+new+taxes&rft.au=Fadi+Tawil&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Flebanese-protesters-close-roads-over-imposition-of-new-taxes%2F2019%2F10%2F17%2Fd2f4482a-f116-11e9-bb7e-d2026ee0c199_story.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2019/Oct-18/493775-protests-erupt-over-taxes-as-govt-races-to-wrap-up-budget.ashx">«Protests erupt over taxes as govt races to wrap up budget»</a>. The Daily Star. 18 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Protests+erupt+over+taxes+as+govt+races+to+wrap+up+budget&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2019%2FOct-18%2F493775-protests-erupt-over-taxes-as-govt-races-to-wrap-up-budget.ashx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50095448">«Lebanon scraps WhatsApp tax as protests rage»</a> (em inglês). 18 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+scraps+WhatsApp+tax+as+protests+rage&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-50095448&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2019/Oct-17/493723-lebanon-to-charge-6-on-whatsapp-call-report.ashx">«Lebanese govt to charge USD 0.20 a day for WhatsApp calls»</a>. The Daily Star. 17 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+govt+to+charge+USD+0.20+a+day+for+WhatsApp+calls&rft.date=2019-10-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2019%2FOct-17%2F493723-lebanon-to-charge-6-on-whatsapp-call-report.ashx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/protests-erupt-lebanon-plans-impose-taxes-191017194856354.html">«Protests erupt in Lebanon over plans to impose new taxes»</a>. aljazeera.com. 18 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Protests+erupt+in+Lebanon+over+plans+to+impose+new+taxes&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F10%2Fprotests-erupt-lebanon-plans-impose-taxes-191017194856354.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dw.com/en/lebanon-whatsapp-tax-sparks-mass-protests/a-50880357">«Lebanon: WhatsApp tax sparks mass protests»</a>. DW (em inglês). Deutsche Welle. 10 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+WhatsApp+tax+sparks+mass+protests&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Flebanon-whatsapp-tax-sparks-mass-protests%2Fa-50880357&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-88">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_88-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_88-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://reportsyndication.news.blog/2019/10/27/lebanon-protesters-find-strength-in-unity-ditched-sectarianism/">«Lebanon Protesters Found Strength in Unity, Ditched Sectarianism»</a>. Report Syndication. 27 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+Protesters+Found+Strength+in+Unity%2C+Ditched+Sectarianism&rft.date=2019-10-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Report+Syndication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freportsyndication.news.blog%2F2019%2F10%2F27%2Flebanon-protesters-find-strength-in-unity-ditched-sectarianism%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/979920/Protesters_march_from_Al_Nour_Square_to_Central_Bank_in_Tripoli">«Protesters march from Al Nour Square to Central Bank in Tripoli»</a>. MTV Lebanon (em inglês). 22 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 26 de outubro de 2019</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Protesters+march+from+Al+Nour+Square+to+Central+Bank+in+Tripoli&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MTV+Lebanon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2Fen%2FNews%2FLocal%2F979920%2FProtesters_march_from_Al_Nour_Square_to_Central_Bank_in_Tripoli&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/979923/Protesters_block_Karakoul_Druze-Mar_Elias_road">«Protesters block Karakoul Druze-Mar Elias road»</a>. MTV Lebanon (em inglês). 22 de outubro de 2019. 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BBC</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+protests%3A+University+professor+Hassan+Diab+nominated+to+be+PM&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-50851319&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/hezbollah-backed-hassan-diab-lebanon-pm-191219155153401.html">«Lebanese president asks Hassan Diab to form government»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Jazeera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 19 de dezembro de 2019. Consultado em 2 de janeiro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+president+asks+Hassan+Diab+to+form+government&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F12%2Fhezbollah-backed-hassan-diab-lebanon-pm-191219155153401.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/roadblocks-lebanon-anger-rises-diab-pick-pm-191220091929392.html">«Roadblocks across Lebanon as anger rises over Diab pick as PM»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_Jazeera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 20 de dezembro de 2019. 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Consultado em 25 de outubro de 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Gunbattles+erupt+during+protest+of+Beirut+blast+probe%3B+6+die&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhezbollah-middle-east-lebanon-beirut-explosions-56b61328f420caf4e259aeb3f428fb9a&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-enbr-106">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-enbr_106-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-enbr_106-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-enbr_106-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">Etheredge, Laura S; Britannica Educational Publishing (2011). Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan – Middle East: region in transition. [S.l.]: The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 85–159. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-61530-414-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-61530-414-1">978-1-61530-414-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Etheredge%2C+Laura+S%3B+Britannica+Educational+Publishing&rft.btitle=Syria%2C+Lebanon%2C+and+Jordan+%93+Middle+East%3A+region+in+transition&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-414-1&rft.pages=85-159&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Philps, Alan (19 de junho de 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/lebanon/1343868/Israel%2527s-withdrawal-from-Lebanon-given-UN%2527s-endorsement.html">«Israel's Withdrawal from Lebanon Given UN's Endorsement»</a>. Telegraph.co.uk. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.aulast=Philps&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Withdrawal+from+Lebanon+Given+UN%27s+Endorsement&rft.date=2000-06-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Telegraph.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Flebanon%2F1343868%2FIsrael%2527s-withdrawal-from-Lebanon-given-UN%2527s-endorsement.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOTE-108"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MOTE_108-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">ECODIT (Outubro de 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://smap.ew.eea.europa.eu/media_server/files/C/f/NAP_Med.pdf">«National action plan for the reduction of pollution into the mediterranean sea from land based sources»</a> (PDF). Lebanese ministry of the environment. Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2012 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa">[ligação inativa]</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=ECODIT&rft.btitle=National+action+plan+for+the+reduction+of+pollution+into+the+mediterranean+sea+from+land+based+sources&rft.date=2005-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanese+ministry+of+the+environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmap.ew.eea.europa.eu%2Fmedia_server%2Ffiles%2FC%2Ff%2FNAP_Med.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.easyvoyage.co.uk/lebanon/forests-2042">The thousand year old cedars</a> Easy Voyage</li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> (Bonechi et al.) (2004) Golden Book Lebanon, p. 3, Florence, Italy: Casa Editrice Bonechi. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/8847614899?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-476-1489-9</a></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/lebanon/31.htm">«Lebanon – Climate»</a>. Country Studies US. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon+%93+Climate&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Country+Studies+US&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Flebanon%2F31.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cedar-112"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cedar_112-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/lebanon_cedar.htm">«Lebanon Cedar – Cedrus libani»</a>. Blue Planet Biomes. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117000050/http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/lebanon_cedar.htm">Cópia arquivada em 17 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon+Cedar+%93+Cedrus+libani&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Blue+Planet+Biomes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blueplanetbiomes.org%2Flebanon_cedar.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> Greipsson, Sigurdur Ph.D. Restoration Ecology, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Kennesaw State University, 2011, page 279</li> <li id="cite_note-WB-114"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WB_114-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">The world bank (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/country/lebanon">«Lebanon | Data»</a>. Data indicators by country. The World Bank. Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113155307/http://data.worldbank.org/country/lebanon">Cópia arquivada em 13 de janeiro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft.au=The+world+bank&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data+indicators+by+country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Flebanon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPSs-115"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IPSs_115-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Alami, Mona (30 de julho de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews%3D47890">«Global Warming Makes Mischief Worse»</a>. Inter Press Service. Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612095548/http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews%3D47890">Cópia arquivada em 12 de junho de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Alami%2C+Mona&rft.btitle=Global+Warming+Makes+Mischief+Worse&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Inter+Press+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fipsnews.net%2Fnews.asp%3Fidnews%3D47890&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> Talhouk, S. N. & Zurayk, S. 2003. Conifer conservation in Lebanon. Acta Hort. 615: 411–414.</li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> Semaan, M. & Haber, R. 2003. In situ conservation on Cedrus libani in Lebanon. Acta Hort. 615: 415–417.</li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Khaldoun Baz (10 de agosto de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.shoufcedar.org/">«Cedars of Lebanon Nature Reserve»</a>. Shoufcedar.org. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519235704/http://www.shoufcedar.org/">Cópia arquivada em 19 de maio de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Khaldoun+Baz&rft.btitle=Cedars+of+Lebanon+Nature+Reserve&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Shoufcedar.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shoufcedar.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-119"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_119-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">«Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material»</a>. Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057">7723057</a> <noscript> <img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Acessível livremente" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> . <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33293507">33293507</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%252Fs41467-020-19493-3">10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+modification+of+forests+means+only+40%25+of+remaining+forests+have+high+ecosystem+integrity+-+Supplementary+Material&rft.au=Beyer%2C+H.+L.&rft.au=Callow%2C+M.&rft.au=Clements%2C+T.&rft.au=Costa%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=DeGemmis%2C+A.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+A.&rft.au=Elsen%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Ervin%2C+J.&rft.au=Evans%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Franco%2C+P.&rft.au=Goetz%2C+S.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+E.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+A.&rft.au=Hofsvang%2C+E.&rft.au=Jantz%2C+P.&rft.au=Jones%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Jupiter%2C+S.&rft.au=Kang%2C+A.&rft.au=Langhammer%2C+P.&rft.au=Laurance%2C+W.+F.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+S.&rft.au=Linkie%2C+M.&rft.au=Malhi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+S.&rft.au=Mendez%2C+M.&rft.au=Mittermeier%2C+R.&rft.au=Murray%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.&rft.au=Radachowsky%2C+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Saatchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Samper%2C+C.&rft.au=Schuster%2C+R.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+A.&rft.au=Silverman%2C+J.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+T.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+E.&rft.au=Strassburg%2C+B.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Tear%2C+T.&rft.au=Tizard%2C+R.&rft.au=Venter%2C+O.&rft.au=Visconti%2C+P.&rft.au=Walston%2C+J.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft.au=Watson%2C+J.+E.+M.&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft.aulast=Grantham&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.pages=5978&rft.volume=11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7723057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33293507&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dailystar1-120">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dailystar1_120-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dailystar1_120-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Article.aspx?id%3D155258">«Lebanon begins landmark reforestation campaign»</a>. The Daily Star. 26 de novembro de 2011. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116232322/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Article.aspx?id%3D155258">Cópia arquivada em 16 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+begins+landmark+reforestation+campaign&rft.date=2011-11-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D155258&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fao.org/in-action/forest-landscape-restoration-mechanism/resources/detail/en/c/412643/">«Forest and landscape restoration in Lebanon»</a>. Sundance Institute. 29 de abril de 2016. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525133311/http://www.fao.org/in-action/forest-landscape-restoration-mechanism/resources/detail/en/c/412643/">Cópia arquivada em 25 de maio de 2018</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Forest+and+landscape+restoration+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sundance+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fin-action%2Fforest-landscape-restoration-mechanism%2Fresources%2Fdetail%2Fen%2Fc%2F412643%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://share.america.gov/restoring-lebanons-cedar-forests/">«Restoring Lebanon's cedar forests»</a>. Share America. 10 de janeiro de 2017. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525132714/https://share.america.gov/restoring-lebanons-cedar-forests/">Cópia arquivada em 25 de maio de 2018</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Restoring+Lebanon%27s+cedar+forests&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Share+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshare.america.gov%2Frestoring-lebanons-cedar-forests%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-123"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_123-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">«An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm»</a>. BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a> <noscript> <img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="Acessível livremente" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> . <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PubMed_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28608869">28608869</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%252Fbiosci%252Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.pages=534-545&rft.volume=67&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.undp.org.lb/inf%25C4%25B1rmation/briefingreport.html.">CIA-the World Factbook, "Lebanon-2009"; UNDP, "Briefing Report: Living Conditions in Lebanon"</a><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa">[ligação inativa]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,COUNTRYPROF,LBN,4562d8cf2,4954ce52c,0.html">«Lebanon : Overview Minority Rights Group International»</a>. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117034013/https://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%252C%252C%252CCOUNTRYPROF%252CLBN%252C4562d8cf2%252C4954ce52c%252C0.html">Cópia arquivada em 17 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft.btitle=Lebanon+%3A+Overview+Minority+Rights+Group+International&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Directory+of+Minorities+and+Indigenous+Peoples&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2C%2CCOUNTRYPROF%2CLBN%2C4562d8cf2%2C4954ce52c%2C0.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-12/2022-parliamentary%2520elections%2520key%2520results%2520brochure%2520WEB.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Dralonge, Richard N. (2008). Economics and Geopolitics of the Middle East. New York: Nova Science Publishers. p. 150. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-60456-076-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-60456-076-2">1-60456-076-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Richard+N.&rft.aulast=Dralonge&rft.btitle=Economics+and+Geopolitics+of+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-60456-076-2&rft.pages=150&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Nova+Science+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html">The World Factbook - Lebanon</a></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">The Daily Star (7 de fevereiro de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Feb-07/205420-study-shows-stable-christian-population-in-lebanon.ashx%23axzz2QMcBHqNM">«Study shows stable Christian population in Lebanon»</a>. The Daily Star. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=The+Daily+Star&rft.btitle=Study+shows+stable+Christian+population+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLocal-News%2F2013%2FFeb-07%2F205420-study-shows-stable-christian-population-in-lebanon.ashx%23axzz2QMcBHqNM&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-freedom-130">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-freedom_130-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-freedom_130-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148830.htm">«Lebanon»</a>. International Religious Freedom Report 2010. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2010%2F148830.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-demo-reality-131"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-demo-reality_131-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lstatic.org/PDF/demographenglish.pdf">«The Lebanese Demographic Reality»</a> (PDF). Lebanese Information Center Lebanon. 14 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=The+Lebanese+Demographic+Reality&rft.date=2013-01-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanese+Information+Center+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lstatic.org%2FPDF%2Fdemographenglish.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-article_11-132"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-article_11_132-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, LL.M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/le00000_.html%23A011_">«Article 11 of the Lebanese Constitution»</a>. Servat.unibe.ch. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Prof.+Dr.+Axel+Tschentscher%2C+LL.M.&rft.btitle=Article+11+of+the+Lebanese+Constitution&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Servat.unibe.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fle00000_.html%23A011_&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NadeauBarlow2008-133">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NadeauBarlow2008_133-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NadeauBarlow2008_133-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DNN5oc0HFC7QC%26pg%3DPA311">The Story of French</a>. [S.l.]: Macmillan. p. 311. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-312-34184-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-312-34184-8">978-0-312-34184-8</a>. Consultado em 14 de dezembro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Jean-Beno%C3%AEt+Nadeau%2C+Julie+Barlow&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+French&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-312-34184-8&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNN5oc0HFC7QC%26pg%3DPA311&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-134"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Britannica_134-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/334152/Lebanon">«Lebanon»</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F334152%2FLebanon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10316914">«Campaign to save the Arabic language in Lebanon»</a>. BBC. Consultado em 24 de junho de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Campaign+to+save+the+Arabic+language+in+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F10316914&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://observers.france24.com/content/20100625-arabic-dying-language-lebanon-beirut">«Arabic – a dying language?»</a>. observers.france24.com. Consultado em 25 de junho de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Arabic+%93+a+dying+language%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=observers.france24.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobservers.france24.com%2Fcontent%2F20100625-arabic-dying-language-lebanon-beirut&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Jean-Benoît Nadeau, Julie Barlow (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DF_luCRxg6Q4C%26pg%3DPA317">Plus ça change</a>. [S.l.]: Robson. p. 483. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-86105-917-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-86105-917-5">1-86105-917-5</a>. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Jean-Beno%C3%AEt+Nadeau%2C+Julie+Barlow&rft.btitle=Plus+%C3%A7a+change&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-86105-917-5&rft.pages=483&rft.pub=Robson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DF_luCRxg6Q4C%26pg%3DPA317&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Hodeib, Mirella (19 de janeiro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/Jan/19/English-assumes-greater-importance-in-Lebanese-linguistic-universe.ashx%23%23axzz2LJ9F7y9b">«English assumes greater importance in Lebanese linguistic universe»</a>. Daily Star (Lebanon). Consultado em 1 de julho de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Hodeib%2C+Mirella&rft.btitle=English+assumes+greater+importance+in+Lebanese+linguistic+universe&rft.date=2007-01-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Daily+Star+%28Lebanon%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLocal-News%2FJan%2F19%2FEnglish-assumes-greater-importance-in-Lebanese-linguistic-universe.ashx%23%23axzz2LJ9F7y9b&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Antelava, Natalia (16 de abril de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8000507.stm">«Armenians jump Lebanon's divide»</a>. BBC News. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Armenians+jump+Lebanon%27s+divide&rft.aufirst=Natalia&rft.aulast=Antelava&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F8000507.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statesgov-140">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statesgov_140-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statesgov_140-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18281.htm">«Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002: Lebanon»</a> (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Labor&rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Human+Rights+Practices+-+2002%3A+Lebanon&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F2002%2F18281.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/story/2008/05/080525_libanoatualebc">«BBCBrasil.com | Notícias | Novo presidente do Líbano pede diálogo e reconciliação»</a>. www.bbc.com. Consultado em 22 de novembro de 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=BBCBrasil.com+%7C+Not%C3cias+%7C+Novo+presidente+do+L%C3bano+pede+di%C3%A1logo+e+reconcilia%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fportuguese%2Fnoticias%2Fstory%2F2008%2F05%2F080525_libanoatualebc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:01-142">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:01_142-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:01_142-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://consortiumnews.com/2020/09/26/the-exploitative-system-that-traps-nigerian-women-as-slaves-in-lebanon/">«The Exploitative System that Traps Nigerian Women as Slaves in Lebanon»</a>. Consortiumnews (em inglês). 26 de setembro de 2020. Consultado em 17 de julho de 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Exploitative+System+that+Traps+Nigerian+Women+as+Slaves+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2020-09-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consortiumnews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsortiumnews.com%2F2020%2F09%2F26%2Fthe-exploitative-system-that-traps-nigerian-women-as-slaves-in-lebanon%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-143">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_143-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_143-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/12/02/lebanon.suicides/index.html">«Spate of suicides by foreign maids in Lebanon sheds light on abuse - CNN.com»</a>. edition.cnn.com (em inglês). Consultado em 17 de julho de 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Spate+of+suicides+by+foreign+maids+in+Lebanon+sheds+light+on+abuse+-+CNN.com&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=edition.cnn.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F12%2F02%2Flebanon.suicides%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lebanon-144"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lebanon_144-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/090210_lafsecurity3.pdf">«Lebanese Armed Forces, CSIS (Page 78)»</a> (PDF). 10 de fevereiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+Armed+Forces%2C+CSIS+%28Page+78%29&rft.date=2009-02-10&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegieendowment.org%2Ffiles%2F090210_lafsecurity3.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stinson-145"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stinson_145-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Stinson, Jefferey (1 de agosto de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-08-01-lebanon-forces_x.htm">«Lebanese forces may play bigger role in war»</a>. USA TODAY. Consultado em 22 de agosto de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+forces+may+play+bigger+role+in+war&rft.aufirst=Jefferey&rft.aulast=Stinson&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2006-08-01-lebanon-forces_x.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lafmission-146"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lafmission_146-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615034541/http://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/English/Mission.asp">«LAF Mission»</a>. Lebanese Armed Forces. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2009. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/english/mission.asp">original</a> em 15 de junho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=LAF+Mission&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanese+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebarmy.gov.lb%2Fenglish%2Fmission.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Lanteaume, Sylvie (4 de agosto de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gfs5KFnHsffexKiQgh0f4eWb4Nbw">«US military aid at stake in Lebanon elections»</a>. Agence France-Presse. Consultado em 22 de agosto de 2009 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_inativa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Ligação inativa">[ligação inativa]</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=US+military+aid+at+stake+in+Lebanon+elections&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft.aulast=Lanteaume&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5gfs5KFnHsffexKiQgh0f4eWb4Nbw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Schenker, David (3 de outubro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID%3D2933">«The Future of U.S. Military Aid to Lebanon»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy (página não existe)">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>. Consultado em 9 de agosto de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Future+of+U.S.+Military+Aid+to+Lebanon&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Schenker&rft.date=2008-10-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2FtemplateC05.php%3FCID%3D2933&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/lebanon/index_en.htm">European Union and Republic of Lebanon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202170943/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/lebanon/index_en.htm">Arquivado em</a> 2008-12-02 no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. European Commission: External Relations</li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/trade/creating-opportunities/bilateral-relations/countries/lebanon/">«Lebanon - Trade - European Commission»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon+-+Trade+-+European+Commission&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Ftrade%2Fcreating-opportunities%2Fbilateral-relations%2Fcountries%2Flebanon%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CONFEJES-151"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CONFEJES_151-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation conference">CONFEJES - Secretariat General (14 de março de 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.confejes.org/tous-les-documents/category/35/rapports-bureaux-conferences-ministerielles">Compte rendu de la 29ème session ministérielle</a>. Beirut: conférence des ministres de la jeunesse et des sports. 141 páginas. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123211017/http://www.confejes.org/tous-les-documents/category/35/rapports-bureaux-conferences-ministerielles">Cópia arquivada em 23 de janeiro de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=CONFEJES+-+Secretariat+General&rft.btitle=Compte+rendu+de+la+29%C3%A8me+session+minist%C3%A9rielle&rft.date=2003-03-14&rft.genre=conference&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=conf%C3%A9rence+des+ministres+de+la+jeunesse+et+des+sports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confejes.org%2Ftous-les-documents%2Fcategory%2F35%2Frapports-bureaux-conferences-ministerielles&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Members-152"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Members_152-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Comissão Econômica e Social das Nações Unidas para a Ásia Ocidental (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.unescwa.org/sites/www.unescwa.org/files/uploads/escwamss.pdf">«ESCWA Member Countries in Alphabetical Order as Designated by the United Nations»</a> (PDF). Comissão Econômica e Social das Nações Unidas para a Ásia Ocidental. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a>. Consultado em 23 de dezembro de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=ESCWA+Member+Countries+in+Alphabetical+Order+as+Designated+by+the+United+Nations&rft.au=Comiss%C3%A3o+Econ%C3%B4mica+e+Social+das+Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Unidas+para+a+%C3%81sia+Ocidental&rft.date=n.d.&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comiss%C3%A3o+Econ%C3%B4mica+e+Social+das+Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Unidas+para+a+%C3%81sia+Ocidental&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unescwa.org%2Fsites%2Fwww.unescwa.org%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2Fescwamss.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.libandata.org/en/article/list-lebanese-muhafazah-s">«list-lebanese-muhafazah-s»</a>. www.libandata.org. Consultado em 8 de maio de 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=list-lebanese-muhafazah-s&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.libandata.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libandata.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2Flist-lebanese-muhafazah-s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-expus-154">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-expus_154-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-expus_154-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-expus_154-2">c</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-expus_154-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://export.gov/lebanon/static/Doing%2520Business%2520in%2520Lebanon_Latest_eg_lb_037171.doc">«Doing Business in Lebanon»</a>. Export.gov. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Export.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexport.gov%2Flebanon%2Fstatic%2FDoing%2520Business%2520in%2520Lebanon_Latest_eg_lb_037171.doc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-155"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia_155-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/le.html">Lebanon</a> no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210031905/http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/nea/lebanon9401.html%23">«Header: People, 4th paragraph»</a>. U.S. Department of State. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/nea/lebanon9401.html">original</a> em 10 de fevereiro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Header%3A+People%2C+4th+paragraph&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosfan.lib.uic.edu%2FERC%2Fbgnotes%2Fnea%2Flebanon9401.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/documents/41e1aa0d7d676.pdf">«Background Note: Lebanon»</a> (PDF). washingtoninstitute.org. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325004042/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/documents/41e1aa0d7d676.pdf">Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 25 de março de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=washingtoninstitute.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fdocuments%2F41e1aa0d7d676.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611182611/http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/pid/426">«Lebanon – Facts and Figures»</a>. Iom.int. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/pid/426">original</a> em 11 de junho de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon+%93+Facts+and+Figures&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Iom.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iom.int%2Fjahia%2FJahia%2Fpid%2F426&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reuters.com/article/wtMostRead/idUSTRE5570SJ20090608">«Facts on Lebanon's economy»</a>. Reuters.com. Consultado em 17 de março de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Facts+on+Lebanon%27s+economy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Reuters.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FwtMostRead%2FidUSTRE5570SJ20090608&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Population Fund">United Nations Population Fund</a>. <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207015156/http://www.unfpa.org/profile/lebanon.cfm?Section%3D1">«Cópia arquivada»</a>. Consultado em 21 de julho de 2009. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unfpa.org/profile/lebanon.cfm?Section%3D1">original</a> em 7 de fevereiro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=C%C3%B3pia+arquivada&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfpa.org%2Fprofile%2Flebanon.cfm%3FSection%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-workforce-161">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-workforce_161-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-workforce_161-1">b</a> Jean Hayek et al, 1999. The Structure, Properties, and Main Foundations of the Lebanese Economy. In The Scientific Series in Geography, Grade 11, 110–114. Beirut: Dar Habib.</li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS/countries/1W-LB?display%3Dgraph">«Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco Mundial">Banco Mundial</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+value+added+%28%25+of+GDP%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Banco+Mundial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FNV.AGR.TOTL.ZS%2Fcountries%2F1W-LB%3Fdisplay%3Dgraph&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-agriculture-163"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-agriculture_163-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://countrystudies.us/lebanon/71.htm">«Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, U.S.A. 1986–1988»</a>. Countrystudies.us. 13 de junho de 1978. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Federal+Research+Division+of+the+Library+of+Congress%2C+U.S.A.+1986%931988&rft.date=1978-06-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Countrystudies.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Flebanon%2F71.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dos-2010-03-22-164">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dos-2010-03-22_164-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dos-2010-03-22_164-1">b</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dos-2010-03-22_164-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128135214/http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lebanon/149912.htm%23">«Background Note: Lebanon»</a>. U.S. Department of State. 22 de março de 2010. Consultado em 4 de outubro de 2010. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lebanon/149912.htm">original</a> em 28 de novembro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Lebanon&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Flebanon%2F149912.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/LB-Lebanon-customs-currency-airport-tax-regulations-details.htm">IATA - Lebanon Customs, Currency & Airport Tax regulations details</a></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2061187,00.html">«The Next Big Lebanon-Israel Flare-Up: Gas»</a>. Time. 6 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+Next+Big+Lebanon-Israel+Flare-Up%3A+Gas&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2061187%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebtourecon-167">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lebtourecon_167-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lebtourecon_167-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2013/01/lebanon%25E2%2580%2599s-tourists">«Lebanon's tourists: Can they be lured back?»</a>. The Economist. 11 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon%99s+tourists%3A+Can+they+be+lured+back%3F&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fpomegranate%2F2013%2F01%2Flebanon%25E2%2580%2599s-tourists&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_tou_arr-economy-tourist-arrivals">«Tourist arrivals statistics – Countries Compared»</a>. NationMaster. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Tourist+arrivals+statistics+%93+Countries+Compared&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NationMaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fgraph%2Feco_tou_arr-economy-tourist-arrivals&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <cite class="citation news">Zach Wise and Miki Meek/The New York Times (11 de janeiro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/01/11/travel/20090111_DESTINATIONS.html">«The 44 Places to Go in 2009 – Interactive Graphic»</a>. The New York Times. Consultado em 21 de dezembro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=The+44+Places+to+Go+in+2009+%93+Interactive+Graphic&rft.au=Zach+Wise+and+Miki+Meek%2FThe+New+York+Times&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2009%2F01%2F11%2Ftravel%2F20090111_DESTINATIONS.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebanon-tourism1-170"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lebanon-tourism1_170-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb/Ministry/Statistics.aspx">«Ministry of Tourism :: Destination Lebanon»</a>. Lebanon-tourism.gov.lb. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111043318/http://www.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb/Ministry/Statistics.aspx">Cópia arquivada em 11 de janeiro de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Tourism+%3A%3A+Destination+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanon-tourism.gov.lb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebanon-tourism.gov.lb%2FMinistry%2FStatistics.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC_2009_Tourism_Record-171"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ABC_2009_Tourism_Record_171-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory?id%3D9601315">«Lebanon Says 2009 Was Best on Record for Tourism»</a>. ABC News. Associated Press. 19 de janeiro de 2010. Consultado em 1 de fevereiro de 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122014016/http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/wireStory?id%3D9601315">Cópia arquivada em 22 de janeiro de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+Says+2009+Was+Best+on+Record+for+Tourism&rft.date=2010-01-19&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTravel%2FwireStory%3Fid%3D9601315&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Qiblawi, Tamara (16 de julho de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Lebanon/2011/Jul-16/Hospitality-revenues-plunge-40-percent-in-2011.ashx%23axzz1SE0e7i00">«Hospitality revenues plunge 40 percent in 2011»</a>. The Daily Star. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210658/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Lebanon/2011/Jul-16/Hospitality-revenues-plunge-40-percent-in-2011.ashx%23axzz1SE0e7i00">Cópia arquivada em 16 de julho de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Qiblawi%2C+Tamara&rft.btitle=Hospitality+revenues+plunge+40+percent+in+2011&rft.date=2011-07-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Daily+Star&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FBusiness%2FLebanon%2F2011%2FJul-16%2FHospitality-revenues-plunge-40-percent-in-2011.ashx%23axzz1SE0e7i00&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lb.emb-japan.go.jp/">«Lebanese Cuisine With a Japanese Twist»</a>. Embassy of Japan in Lebanon. 12 de setembro de 2012. Consultado em 12 de dezembro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanese+Cuisine+With+a+Japanese+Twist&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lb.emb-japan.go.jp%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/geografia/libano.htm">«Líbano: dados, história, mapa, bandeira»</a>. Mundo Educação. Consultado em 16 de março de 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=L%C3bano%3A+dados%2C+hist%C3%B3ria%2C+mapa%2C+bandeira&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mundo+Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmundoeducacao.uol.com.br%2Fgeografia%2Flibano.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GITR_Report_2013.pdf">«The Global Information Technology Report 2013»</a> (PDF). World Economic Forum. Consultado em 1 de julho de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=The+Global+Information+Technology+Report+2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FWEF_GITR_Report_2013.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-undp-176"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-undp_176-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022021134/http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_LBN.html">«Human development indicators Lebanon»</a>. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports. Consultado em 17 de novembro de 2008. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_LBN.html">original</a> em 22 de outubro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Human+development+indicators+Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Development+Programme%2C+Human+Development+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdrstats.undp.org%2Fcountries%2Fcountry_fact_sheets%2Fcty_fs_LBN.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.samidoun.org/?q%3Dnode/812">«Aid groups scramble to fix buildings; fill backpacks before school bell rings»</a>. Samidoun. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Aid+groups+scramble+to+fix+buildings%3B+fill+backpacks+before+school+bell+rings&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Samidoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samidoun.org%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F812&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.opportunities.com.lb/Lebanon/bhb/initdoc.asp?catId%3D21">«Business Information»</a>. Lebanon Opportunities. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Business+Information&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanon+Opportunities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opportunities.com.lb%2FLebanon%2Fbhb%2Finitdoc.asp%3FcatId%3D21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.higher-edu.gov.lb/Marasim.html">«Decrees»</a>. Lebanese Directory of Higher Education. 11 de dezembro de 2007. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211044854/http://www.higher-edu.gov.lb/Marasim.html">Cópia arquivada em 11 de dezembro de 2007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Decrees&rft.date=2007-12-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lebanese+Directory+of+Higher+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.higher-edu.gov.lb%2FMarasim.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usj.edu.lb/english/history.php">«125 years of history – A timeline»</a>. Université Saint-Joseph. 6 de julho de 2006. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060706105323/http://www.usj.edu.lb/english/history.php">Cópia arquivada em 6 de julho de 2006</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=125+years+of+history+%93+A+timeline&rft.date=2006-07-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A9+Saint-Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usj.edu.lb%2Fenglish%2Fhistory.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yalla10.yalla.com.lb/students/abroad/english/lebanon.html">«Yalla! Students»</a>. Web.archive.org. 18 de junho de 2008. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618225916/http://yalla10.yalla.com.lb/students/abroad/english/lebanon.html">Cópia arquivada em 18 de junho de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Yalla%21+Students&rft.date=2008-06-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyalla10.yalla.com.lb%2Fstudents%2Fabroad%2Fenglish%2Flebanon.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.webometrics.info/en/aw/Lebanon%2520?sort%3Dasc%26order%3DWorld%2520Rank%26publisher%3Dwebometrics.info">«Lebanon»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Lebanon&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webometrics.info%2Fen%2Faw%2FLebanon%2520%3Fsort%3Dasc%26order%3DWorld%2520Rank%26publisher%3Dwebometrics.info&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001915/http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code%3D32%26cat_code%3D8%23">«Health»</a>. SESRIC. Consultado em 25 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code%3D32%26cat_code%3D8">original</a> em 5 de outubro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Health&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SESRIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesrtcic.org%2Foic-member-countries-infigures.php%3Fc_code%3D32%26cat_code%3D8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307071618/http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code%3D32%23">«Demography»</a>. SESRIC. Consultado em 25 de junho de 2017. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sesrtcic.org/oic-member-countries-infigures.php?c_code%3D32%26cat_code%3D7">original</a> em 7 de março de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Demography&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=SESRIC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sesrtcic.org%2Foic-member-countries-infigures.php%3Fc_code%3D32%26cat_code%3D7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-healthref-185">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-healthref_185-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-healthref_185-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104210829/http://www.moph.gov.lb/Media/Documents/dg08014.pdf">«Health Reform In Lebanon: Key Achievements at a glance»</a> (PDF). Ministry of Public Health. Consultado em 2 de fevereiro de 2013. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.moph.gov.lb/Media/Documents/dg08014.pdf">original</a> (PDF) em 4 de novembro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Health+Reform+In+Lebanon%3A+Key+Achievements+at+a+glance&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Public+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moph.gov.lb%2FMedia%2FDocuments%2Fdg08014.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statbul11-186">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statbul11_186-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statbul11_186-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612071104/http://www.moph.gov.lb/Publications/Documents/Statistical%2520Bulletin%25202011.pdf">«Statistical Bulletin 2011»</a> (PDF). Ministry of Public Health. Consultado em 2 de fevereiro de 2013. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.moph.gov.lb/Publications/Documents/Statistical%2520Bulletin%25202011.pdf">original</a> (PDF) em 12 de junho de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Statistical+Bulletin+2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Public+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moph.gov.lb%2FPublications%2FDocuments%2FStatistical%2520Bulletin%25202011.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kebabs-187"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kebabs_187-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.who.int/features/2015/lebanon-food-safety/en/">«From kebabs to fattoush – keeping Lebanon's food safe»</a>. WHO. WHO. Consultado em 19 de março de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=From+kebabs+to+fattoush+%93+keeping+Lebanon%99s+food+safe&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Ffeatures%2F2015%2Flebanon-food-safety%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StokesJamie-188">↑ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StokesJamie_188-0">a</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StokesJamie_188-1">b</a> Stokes, Jamie. Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Facts On File, 2009, p. 406 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0816071586?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0816071586">0816071586</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Traditional-189"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traditional_189-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Sheehan, Sean; Latif Zawiah (30 de agosto de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DcA-RDzlwVVAC%26pg%3DPA105">«Arts»</a>. Lebanon. Col: Cultures of the World 2 ed. [S.l.]: Marshall Cavendish Children's Books. p. 105. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7614-2081-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7614-2081-1">978-0-7614-2081-1</a>. Consultado em 19 de setembro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Arts&rft.au=Latif+Zawiah&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.btitle=Lebanon&rft.date=2007-08-30&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-2081-1&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Children%27s+Books&rft.series=Cultures+of+the+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcA-RDzlwVVAC%26pg%3DPA105&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">↑</a> McKenzie, Robert. Comparing Media from Around the World, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, 2006, p. 372 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-205-40242-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-205-40242-9">0-205-40242-9</a></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Kamalipour, Yahya; Rampal Kuldip (15 de novembro de 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DyL3l0GwdNcsC%26pg%3DPA265">«Between Globalization and Localization»</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/mediasexviolence0000unse/page/265">Media, sex, violence, and drugs in the global village</a>. [S.l.]: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/mediasexviolence0000unse/page/265">265</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7425-0061-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7425-0061-7">978-0-7425-0061-7</a>. Consultado em 19 de setembro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Between+Globalization+and+Localization&rft.au=Rampal+Kuldip&rft.aufirst=Yahya&rft.aulast=Kamalipour&rft.btitle=Media%2C+sex%2C+violence%2C+and+drugs+in+the+global+village&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-0061-7&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyL3l0GwdNcsC%26pg%3DPA265&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Acocella, Joan (31 de dezembro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/01/07/prophet-motive">«Prophet Motive»</a>. Consultado em 14 de abril de 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316101047/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/01/07/prophet-motive">Cópia arquivada em 16 de março de 2019</a> – via www.newyorker.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.aulast=Acocella&rft.btitle=Prophet+Motive&rft.date=2007-12-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2008%2F01%2F07%2Fprophet-motive&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/lr/2003/01/05/stories/2003010500320500.htm">«Called by life»</a>. The Hindu. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812094242/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/lr/2003/01/05/stories/2003010500320500.htm">Cópia arquivada em 12 de agosto de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Called+by+life&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduonnet.com%2Fthehindu%2Flr%2F2003%2F01%2F05%2Fstories%2F2003010500320500.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kaftoun.com/component/content/article/197-moustafa-farroukh/358-moustafa-farroukh">«Moustafa Farroukh»</a>. Kaftoun.com. 2 de julho de 2010. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307122305/http://www.kaftoun.com/component/content/article/197-moustafa-farroukh/358-moustafa-farroukh">Cópia arquivada em 7 de março de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Moustafa+Farroukh&rft.date=2010-07-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Kaftoun.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaftoun.com%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F197-moustafa-farroukh%2F358-moustafa-farroukh&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/artist/raad/biography/">«Media Art Net | Ra'ad, Walid: Biography»</a>. Medienkunstnetz.de. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430025450/http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/artist/raad/biography/">Cópia arquivada em 30 de abril de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Media+Art+Net+%26%23124%3B+Ra%27ad%2C+Walid%3A+Biography&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Medienkunstnetz.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medienkunstnetz.de%2Fartist%2Fraad%2Fbiography%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">↑</a> <cite class="citation web">Houissa, Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://guides.library.cornell.edu/MidEastCinema/Egypt">«LibGuides: Middle Eastern & North African Cinema & Film: Egyptian Cinema & Film»</a>. guides.library.cornell.edu (em inglês). Consultado em 7 de outubro de 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=LibGuides%3A+Middle+Eastern+%26+North+African+Cinema+%26+Film%3A+Egyptian+Cinema+%26+Film&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.aulast=Houissa&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guides.library.cornell.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.library.cornell.edu%2FMidEastCinema%2FEgypt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">↑</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dajani, Karen Finlon (1 de maio de 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177/001654928002600202">«Cairo: the Hollywood of the Arab World»</a>. Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) (em inglês). 26 (2): 89–98. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0016-5492">0016-5492</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%252F001654928002600202">10.1177/001654928002600202</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Cairo%3A+the+Hollywood+of+the+Arab+World&rft.aufirst=Karen+Finlon&rft.aulast=Dajani&rft.date=1980-05-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0016-5492&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Gazette+%28Leiden%2C+Netherlands%29&rft.pages=89-98&rft.volume=26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F001654928002600202&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001654928002600202&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Roy Armes (23 de agosto de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DrHT8LjR_kC4C%26pg%3DPA26">Arab filmmakers of the Middle East: a dictionary</a>. [S.l.]: Indiana University Press. pp. 26–. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-253-35518-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-253-35518-8">978-0-253-35518-8</a>. Consultado em 11 de dezembro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018165125/http://books.google.com/books?id%3DrHT8LjR_kC4C%26pg%3DPA26">Cópia arquivada em 18 de outubro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Roy+Armes&rft.btitle=Arab+filmmakers+of+the+Middle+East%3A+a+dictionary&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35518-8&rft.pages=26-&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrHT8LjR_kC4C%26pg%3DPA26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/251761/day3creative%2520Industry%2520WB_version%25201.pdf">«Knowledge Intensive Industries: Four Case Studies of Creative Industries in Arab Countries»</a> (PDF). World Bank. p. 16. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117000044/http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/251761/day3creative%2520Industry%2520WB_version%25201.pdf">Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 17 de janeiro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Knowledge+Intensive+Industries%3A+Four+Case+Studies+of+Creative+Industries+in+Arab+Countries&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.worldbank.org%2Fetools%2Fdocs%2Flibrary%2F251761%2Fday3creative%2520Industry%2520WB_version%25201.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-200">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Migliorino, Nicola (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dy_Sd32i-0owC">(Re)constructing Armenia in Lebanon and Syria: ethno-cultural diversity and the state in the aftermath of a refugee crisis</a>. [S.l.]: Berghahn Books. p. 122. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-84545-352-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-84545-352-7">978-1-84545-352-7</a>. Consultado em 11 de dezembro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620233038/http://books.google.com/books?id%3Dy_Sd32i-0owC">Cópia arquivada em 20 de junho de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Migliorino%2C+Nicola&rft.btitle=%28Re%29constructing+Armenia+in+Lebanon+and+Syria%3A+ethno-cultural+diversity+and+the+state+in+the+aftermath+of+a+refugee+crisis&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-352-7&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy_Sd32i-0owC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">↑</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/791071.stm">«Lebanon profile – Overview»</a>. BBC News. 24 de agosto de 2011. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102101223/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/791071.stm">Cópia arquivada em 2 de novembro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+profile+%93+Overview&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2Fcountry_profiles%2F791071.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-b1-202"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-b1_202-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Dale F. Eickelman; Jon W. Anderson (1 de julho de 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/newmediainmuslim00dale">New media in the Muslim world: the emerging public sphere</a>. [S.l.]: Indiana University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/newmediainmuslim00dale/page/63">63</a>–65. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-253-34252-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-253-34252-2">978-0-253-34252-2</a>. Consultado em 11 de dezembro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Dale+F.+Eickelman&rft.au=Jon+W.+Anderson&rft.btitle=New+media+in+the+Muslim+world%3A+the+emerging+public+sphere&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34252-2&rft.pages=63-65&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewmediainmuslim00dale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheehan-203"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sheehan_203-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Sheehan, Sean (Setembro de 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBrEG42oO2fgC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bchickpeas">Lebanon</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Marshall Cavendish. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7614-0283-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7614-0283-1">978-0-7614-0283-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.btitle=Lebanon&rft.date=1996-09&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-0283-1&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBrEG42oO2fgC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bchickpeas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Faqih-204"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Al-Faqih_204-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Al-Faqih, Kamal (1 de setembro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRQwTTU2kNIIC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%2Bingredients%26pg%3DPR13">Classic Lebanese Cuisine: 170 Fresh and Healthy Mediterranean Favorites</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7627-5649-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7627-5649-0">978-0-7627-5649-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Kamal&rft.aulast=Al-Faqih&rft.btitle=Classic+Lebanese+Cuisine%3A+170+Fresh+and+Healthy+Mediterranean+Favorites&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-5649-0&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRQwTTU2kNIIC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%2Bingredients%26pg%3DPR13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://carboncraftgroup.com/lebanese-food-and-what-makes-it-world-famous/">«Lebanese Food and What Makes It World Famous»</a>. CarbonCraft (em inglês). 5 de agosto de 2019. Consultado em 2 de setembro de 2020</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanese+Food+and+What+Makes+It+World+Famous&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CarbonCraft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarboncraftgroup.com%2Flebanese-food-and-what-makes-it-world-famous%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laura-206"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Laura_206-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Laura, Perdew (Novembro de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmfCXBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bfish%2Bcuisine%26pg%3DPA34">Understanding Lebanon Today</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-61228-676-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-61228-676-1">978-1-61228-676-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Perdew&rft.aulast=Laura&rft.btitle=Understanding+Lebanon+Today&rft.date=2014-11&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-61228-676-1&rft.pub=Mitchell+Lane+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmfCXBgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bfish%2Bcuisine%26pg%3DPA34&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Marlène, Dahlia & (27 de novembro de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DV2GdBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bbaba%2Bghanoush%26pg%3DPA15">Lebanese Cuisine</a> (em italiano). [S.l.]: Edizioni R.E.I. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-2-37297-134-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-2-37297-134-8">978-2-37297-134-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Dahlia+%26&rft.aulast=Marl%C3%A8ne&rft.btitle=Lebanese+Cuisine&rft.date=2014-11-27&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-2-37297-134-8&rft.pub=Edizioni+R.E.I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV2GdBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bbaba%2Bghanoush%26pg%3DPA15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-208">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Anderson, John J. B.; Sparling, Marilyn C. (6 de junho de 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DoM2SAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%2Bshawarma%26pg%3DPA22">The Mediterranean Way of Eating: Evidence for Chronic Disease Prevention and Weight Management</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: CRC Press. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4822-3125-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4822-3125-0">978-1-4822-3125-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Sparling%2C+Marilyn+C.&rft.aufirst=John+J.+B.&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.btitle=The+Mediterranean+Way+of+Eating%3A+Evidence+for+Chronic+Disease+Prevention+and+Weight+Management&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4822-3125-0&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoM2SAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%2Bshawarma%26pg%3DPA22&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Al-Faqih, Kamal (1 de setembro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRQwTTU2kNIIC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bhummus%2Btahini%26pg%3DPA8">Classic Lebanese Cuisine: 170 Fresh and Healthy Mediterranean Favorites</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-7627-5649-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-7627-5649-0">978-0-7627-5649-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Kamal&rft.aulast=Al-Faqih&rft.btitle=Classic+Lebanese+Cuisine%3A+170+Fresh+and+Healthy+Mediterranean+Favorites&rft.date=2009-09-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-5649-0&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRQwTTU2kNIIC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bhummus%2Btahini%26pg%3DPA8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-210">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Kayyali, Randa A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dw2rc0RI7EqYC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%26pg%3DPA84">The Arab Americans</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-313-33219-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-313-33219-7">978-0-313-33219-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Randa+A.&rft.aulast=Kayyali&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Americans&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33219-7&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw2rc0RI7EqYC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bcuisine%26pg%3DPA84&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saleh_2012-211"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Saleh_2012_211-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Saleh, Nada (31 de março de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DolH8Y4cnGLoC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bshawarma%26pg%3DPT104">New Flavours of the Lebanese Table</a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Random House. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4481-1876-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4481-1876-2">978-1-4481-1876-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Nada&rft.aulast=Saleh&rft.btitle=New+Flavours+of+the+Lebanese+Table&rft.date=2012-03-31&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4481-1876-2&rft.pub=Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolH8Y4cnGLoC%26q%3Dlebanese%2Bshawarma%26pg%3DPT104&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aikman2009-212"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Aikman2009_212-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book">Aikman, David (14 de agosto de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DRI0o-bfRAvIC%26pg%3DPA48">The Mirage of Peace: Understanding the Never-Ending Conflict in the Middle East</a>. [S.l.]: Gospel Light Publications. p. 48. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8307-4605-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8307-4605-7">978-0-8307-4605-7</a>. Consultado em 2 de fevereiro de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621091514/http://books.google.com/books?id%3DRI0o-bfRAvIC%26pg%3DPA48">Cópia arquivada em 21 de junho de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.au=Aikman%2C+David&rft.btitle=The+Mirage+of+Peace%3A+Understanding+the+Never-Ending+Conflict+in+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8307-4605-7&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Gospel+Light+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRI0o-bfRAvIC%26pg%3DPA48&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-213">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.beirutmarathon.org">«About BMA | Marathon»</a>. Beirutmarathon.org. 19 de outubro de 2003. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222223634/http://beirutmarathon.org/">Cópia arquivada em 22 de fevereiro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=About+BMA+%26%23124%3B+Marathon&rft.date=2003-10-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Beirutmarathon.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beirutmarathon.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-214">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://london2012.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/12/olym/team/p/sid/5195/tid/317/profile.html">«Team Lebanon Profile - 2011 FIBA Asia Championship | FIBA.COM»</a>. London2012.fiba.com. 23 de agosto de 2011. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529131857/http://london2012.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/12/olym/team/p/sid/5195/tid/317/profile.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de maio de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Team+Lebanon+Profile+-+2011+FIBA+Asia+Championship+%26%23124%3B+FIBA.COM&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=London2012.fiba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flondon2012.fiba.com%2Fpages%2Feng%2Ffe%2F12%2Folym%2Fteam%2Fp%2Fsid%2F5195%2Ftid%2F317%2Fprofile.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/10/fwcm/team/p/sid/4728/tid/317/profile.html">«Team Lebanon Profile – 2010 FIBA World Championship»</a>. Fiba.com. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110164453/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fe/10/fwcm/team/p/sid/4728/tid/317/profile.html">Cópia arquivada em 10 de novembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Team+Lebanon+Profile+%93+2010+FIBA+World+Championship&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Fiba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiba.com%2Fpages%2Feng%2Ffe%2F10%2Ffwcm%2Fteam%2Fp%2Fsid%2F4728%2Ftid%2F317%2Fprofile.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-216">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lebanonwaterfestival.com/">«Lebanon Water Festival»</a>. lebanonwaterfestival.com. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817071438/http://lebanonwaterfestival.com/">Cópia arquivada em 17 de agosto de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Lebanon+Water+Festival&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lebanonwaterfestival.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flebanonwaterfestival.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lebanonwaterfestival.com/past-festivals/">«Past Festivals « Lebanon Water Festival»</a>. lebanonwaterfestival.com. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905192243/http://lebanonwaterfestival.com/past-festivals/">Cópia arquivada em 5 de setembro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.atitle=Past+Festivals+%AB+Lebanon+Water+Festival&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lebanonwaterfestival.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flebanonwaterfestival.com%2Fpast-festivals%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-218">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.goalzz.com/main.aspx?c%3D208">«2nd Pan Arab Games»</a>. goalzz.com. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105131018/http://www.goalzz.com/main.aspx?c%3D208">Cópia arquivada em 5 de novembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=2nd+Pan+Arab+Games&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=goalzz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goalzz.com%2Fmain.aspx%3Fc%3D208&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-219">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france24.com/en/20090927-culture-sports-lebanon-beirut-games-francophone-youth">«Nine days of sport and culture in Beirut»</a>. FRANCE 24. 27 de setembro de 2009. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021234302/http://www.france24.com/en/20090927-culture-sports-lebanon-beirut-games-francophone-youth">Cópia arquivada em 21 de outubro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Nine+days+of+sport+and+culture+in+Beirut&rft.date=2009-09-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=FRANCE+24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20090927-culture-sports-lebanon-beirut-games-francophone-youth&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-220">↑</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.olympic.org/athletes">«Athletes | Heroes»</a>. International Olympic Committee. 26 de junho de 2012. Consultado em 28 de maio de 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529111510/http://www.olympic.org/athletes">Cópia arquivada em 29 de maio de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Athletes+%26%23124%3B+Heroes&rft.date=2012-06-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fathletes&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <ul> <li><cite id="CITEREFMorris2008" class="citation book">Morris, Benny (abril de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DCC7381HrLqcC">1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</a>. [S.l.]: Yale University Pres. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-300-12696-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-300-12696-9">978-0-300-12696-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.date=2008-04&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.pub=Yale+University+Pres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFISK2007" class="citation book">FISK, Robert (2007). Pobre nação as guerras do Libano no seculo XX. Rio de Janeiro: Record</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=FISK&rft.btitle=Pobre+na%C3%A7%C3%A3o+as+guerras+do+Libano+no+seculo+XX&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Rio+de+Janeiro&rft.pub=Record&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Ligações_externas">Ligações externas</h2> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> editar </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69325977">@media(max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack{width:100%!important;float:none!important;margin:10px auto!important;text-align:center!important;box-sizing:border-box!important}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .image-container{float:none!important;display:inline-block;padding-bottom:10px}.mw-parser-output .mobile-stack .text-container{margin-left:0!important}}</style> <div class="noprint mobile-stack" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div class="image-container" style="float: left; vertical-align:middle; margin: 0 10px 0 5px;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="text-container" style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"> O <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liban?uselang%3Dpt">Líbano</a> </div> </div> <ul> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lebweb.com/">«Guia do Líbano»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=Guia+do+L%C3bano&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebweb.com%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.BloggingBeirut.com">www.BloggingBeirut.com: Photography Reference for Lebanon</a> Mais do que 250 fotografias de alta definição, disponíveis sob a licença Creative Commons para uso não comercial.</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lebaneselobby.com">«www.LebaneseLobby.com»</a> (em inglês). - Novidades libanesas diárias incluindo as fotos mais atuais de Beirute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3bano&rft.btitle=www.LebaneseLobby.com&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebaneselobby.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69328899">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r69328899"> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal do Líbano"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/25px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 17px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/25px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/38px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Líbano">Portal do Líbano</a></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DL%C3%ADbano%26oldid%3D69401405">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Líbano&oldid=69401405</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADbano&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Última edição a 20 de janeiro de 2025, às 04h23min </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — abcázio" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcázio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — achém" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achém" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — adigue" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%258A%25E1%2589%25A3%25E1%258A%2596%25E1%2588%25B5" title="ሊባኖስ — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊባኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus — inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Libanus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A0%25DC%2592%25DC%25A2%25DC%25A2" title="ܠܒܢܢ — aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܒܢܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="লেবানন — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লেবানন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_L%25C3%25ADbanu" title="El Líbanu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Líbanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेवनान — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लेवनान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لوبنان — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوبنان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9banon" title="Lébanon — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lébanon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C4%2597bans" title="Lėbans — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lėbans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ліван — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Лібан — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лібан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A8banon" title="Lèbanon — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Lèbanon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — bislamá" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamá" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubenan" title="Lubenan — bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Lubenan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="লেবানন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেবানন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2594%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ལེ་པ་ནོན། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལེ་པ་ནོན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="লেবানন — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="লেবানন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2592%25E1%25A8%2599%25E1%25A8%2585%25E1%25A8%258A%25E1%25A8%259A%25E1%25A8%258A" title="ᨒᨙᨅᨊᨚᨊ — buginês" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨒᨙᨅᨊᨚᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADban" title="Líban — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Líban" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbano" title="Líbano — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Líbano" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9-b%25C4%2583-n%25C3%25A2ung" title="Lé-bă-nâung — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lé-bă-nâung" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لوبنان — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لوبنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25BCbnan" title="Lübnan — tártara da Crimeia" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lübnan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tártara da Crimeia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Libanus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — baixo sorábio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेवनान — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लेवनान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%258D%25DE%25AA%25DE%2584%25DE%25AA%25DE%2582%25DE%25A7%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0" title="ލުބުނާން — divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލުބުނާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་ — dzonga" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259B%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Λίβανος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίβανος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbano" title="Líbano — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Líbano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liibanon" title="Liibanon — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liibanon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbanu" title="Líbanu — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Líbanu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liibanon" title="Liibanon — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Liibanon" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liibanon" title="Liibanon — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liibanon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Liob%25C3%25A1in" title="An Liobáin — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Liobáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabanon" title="Leabanon — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabanon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbano" title="Líbano — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Líbano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADvano" title="Lívano — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lívano" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2589%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनॉन — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लेबनॉन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25B2%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25AC%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25A8%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A8" title="લેબેનાન — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લેબેનાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Livaan" title="Yn Livaan — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Livaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — haúça" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haúça" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25AC-p%25C3%25A2-nun" title="Lì-pâ-nun — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lì-pâ-nun" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepanona" title="Lepanona — havaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lepanona" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259C%25D7%2591%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%259F" title="לבנון — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לבנון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — alto sorábio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Լիբանան — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիբանան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6" title="Լիբանան — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լիբանան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbanon" title="Líbanon — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líbanon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%2590%25E3%2583%258E%25E3%2583%25B3" title="レバノン — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レバノン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanan" title="Lebanan — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lebanan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lu%2527orgu%2527e" title="lu'orgu'e — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lu'orgu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ლიბანი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიბანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liiba%25C5%258B" title="Liibaŋ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Liibaŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — congolês" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congolês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — quicuio" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="quicuio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259F%258B" title="លីបង់ — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីបង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಲೆಬನನ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೆಬನನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25A0%2588%25EB%25B0%2594%25EB%2585%25BC" title="레바논 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레바논" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A0%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لؠبنان — caxemira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لؠبنان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemira" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libnan" title="Libnan — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Libnan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanus" title="Libanus — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Libanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levanon" title="Levanon — ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Levanon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — lezghiano" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanas" title="Libanas — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Libanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%25C4%2581na" title="Libāna — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Libāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — madurês" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Либан — mocsa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Либан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mocsa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%25C3%25A0na" title="Libàna — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Libàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repanona" title="Repanona — maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Repanona" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Либан — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Либан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="ലെബനാൻ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെബനാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%2595%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2585%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯂꯦꯕꯥꯅꯣꯟ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯦꯕꯥꯅꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2589%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबेनॉन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लेबेनॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnan" title="Lubnan — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lubnan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanu" title="Libanu — maltês" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Libanu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbano" title="Líbano — mirandês" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Líbano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="လက်ဘနွန်နိုင်ငံ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်ဘနွန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbano" title="Libbano — napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Libbano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबानन — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लेबानन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadtsoh_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Gadtsoh Dineʼé Bikéyah — navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Gadtsoh Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livanu" title="Livanu — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Livanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libaanon" title="Libaanon — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Libaanon" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A8" title="ਲਿਬਨਾਨ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਬਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbanu" title="Líbanu — pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Líbanu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbano" title="Líbano — papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Líbano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — páli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="páli" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ACban" title="Lìban — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lìban" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259B%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Λίβανος — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λίβανος" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipanu" title="Lipanu — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lipanu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Лібанон — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Лібанон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libani" title="Libani — quiniaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Libani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="quiniaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="लेबनान — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लेबनान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Либан — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Либан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B5%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25B1" title="ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱱᱚᱱ — santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱮᱵᱟᱱᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ACbanu" title="Lìbanu — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìbanu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ACbbanu" title="Lìbbanu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lìbbanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — sami do norte" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami do norte" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2582%2584%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းလႄႇပႃႇၼွၼ်ႇ — shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းလႄႇပႃႇၼွၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2599%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B7%2584%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25AB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25A9%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B7%2580" title="ලෙබනන් සමුහාණ්ඩුව — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෙබනන් සමුහාණ්ඩුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepanona" title="Lepanona — samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lepanona" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubnaan" title="Lubnaan — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lubnaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libani" title="Libani — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Libani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Либан — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Либан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — surinamês" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinamês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILibhanoni" title="ILibhanoni — suázi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ILibhanoni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="suázi" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanoni" title="Lebanoni — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lebanoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — silesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D" title="லெபனான் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லெபனான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%25AC%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="లెబనాన్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లెబనాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADbanu" title="Líbanu — tétum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Líbanu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD" title="Лубнон — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лубнон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ประเทศเลบานอน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเลบานอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwan" title="Liwan — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Liwan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepanoni" title="Lepanoni — tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepanoni" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25BCbnan" title="Lübnan — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lübnan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ливан — udmurte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ливан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurte" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2589%25DB%258B%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لىۋان — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىۋان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Ліван — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліван" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="لبنان — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لبنان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581%25C3%25ACbano" title="Łìbano — véneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łìbano" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="véneto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livan" title="Livan — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Livan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban%25C3%25A4n" title="Libanän — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Libanän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liban" title="Liban — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Liban" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libano" title="Libano — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Libano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libaa" title="Libaa — uólofe" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Libaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="uólofe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25BB%258E%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25AB%25A9" title="黎巴嫩 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黎巴嫩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ლიბანი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიბანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259C%25D7%2591%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%259F" title="לבנון — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לבנון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581b%25C3%25A1n%25E1%25BB%258D%25CC%2581n%25C3%25AC" title="Lẹ́bánọ́nì — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lẹ́bánọ́nì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon — zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lebanon" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Libanon" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B4%25B1%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F" title="ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ — tamazight marroquino padrão" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵍⵓⴱⵏⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquino padrão" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25BB%258E%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25AB%25A9" title="黎巴嫩 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黎巴嫩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25BB%258E%25E5%25B7%25B4%25E5%25AB%25A9" title="黎巴嫩 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="黎巴嫩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C4%25AB-pa-l%25C3%25B9n" title="Lī-pa-lùn — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lī-pa-lùn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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