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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hemingses+of+Monticello%3A+An+American+Family&rft.author=Annette+Gordon-Reed&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=%5B%5BW.+W.+Norton%5D%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=800&rft_id=info:oclcnum/225087744"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hemingses_of_Monticello-_An_American_Family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e6/The_Hemingses_of_Monticello-_An_American_Family.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data">Annette Gordon-Reed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data">History, biography</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">W. W. Norton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2008</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">800</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-06477-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-06477-8">0-393-06477-8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225087744">225087744</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family</b></i> is a 2008 book by American historian <a href="/wiki/Annette_Gordon-Reed" title="Annette Gordon-Reed">Annette Gordon-Reed</a>. It recounts the history of four generations of the <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Hemings" title="Sally Hemings">Hemings family</a>, from their African and Virginia origins until the 1826 death of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, their master and the father of <a href="/wiki/Sally_Hemings" title="Sally Hemings">Sally Hemings</a>' children.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hemingses_of_Monticello&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family</i> provides a comprehensive account of the Hemings family, their lives at <a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a>, and their complex relationship with Thomas Jefferson. Gordon-Reed wanted readers to "see slave people as individuals" and to "tell the story of this family in a way not done before".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the author's study of legal records, diaries, farm books, letters, wills, newspapers, archives, and <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book is divided into several parts, each focusing on different aspects of the family's history and their connection to Jefferson. </p><p>Gordon-Reed begins by tracing the origins of the Hemings family, starting with <a href="/wiki/Betty_Hemings" title="Betty Hemings">Elizabeth Hemings</a>, the matriarch. She details how Elizabeth came to be owned by <a href="/wiki/John_Wayles" title="John Wayles">John Wayles</a>, Thomas Jefferson's father-in-law, and explores the mixed-race ancestry of the Hemings family.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the book is dedicated to the relationship between Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson. Gordon-Reed presents evidence supporting the long-debated claim that Jefferson fathered Hemings' children. She explores the complexities of their relationship within the context of slavery and the power dynamics of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The author provides detailed accounts of daily life for the Hemings family at Monticello. She describes their roles and responsibilities on the plantation and the privileges they enjoyed compared to other enslaved individuals. Gordon-Reed also discusses the skilled trades learned by some Hemings family members, which set them apart from field laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gordon-Reed dedicates a section to the time Sally Hemings and <a href="/wiki/James_Hemings" title="James Hemings">James Hemings</a> spent in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> with Jefferson. She examines how their exposure to French society, where slavery was illegal, influenced their perspectives and negotiations with Jefferson upon their return to America.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book delves into the intricate family dynamics among the Hemingses, as well as their relationships with Jefferson's white family. Gordon-Reed explores the tensions and connections between these intertwined families, offering insights into the complex social fabric of early American society.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book's final sections discuss the eventual emancipation of some Hemings family members and their lives after leaving Monticello. Gordon-Reed traces the descendants of the Hemings family into the present day, exploring how they have grappled with their complicated heritage.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gordon-Reed employs an interdisciplinary approach throughout the book, combining historical research with legal analysis and <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychology</a> to provide a nuanced understanding of the Hemings family's experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hemingses_of_Monticello&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <i>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family</i> has been widely praised for its comprehensive research and groundbreaking narrative, historians and reviewers have also criticized it. </p><p>Some critics have questioned Gordon-Reed's interpretations of the available evidence. Historian Jan Lewis, while praising the book's "prodigious research," argued that Gordon-Reed occasionally "presses her evidence further than it can easily go" in her attempts to reconstruct the emotional lives of her subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book's focus on the Hemings family has been commended and critiqued. While many applaud Gordon-Reed for highlighting previously marginalized historical figures, others, like historian David Waldstreicher, have suggested that this focus might overshadow other important aspects of Jefferson's life and times.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gordon-Reed's portrayal of Thomas Jefferson has also been a point of contention. Some reviewers, such as historian <a href="/wiki/Gordon_S._Wood" title="Gordon S. Wood">Gordon S. Wood</a>, have argued that her depiction of Jefferson is overly sympathetic, potentially downplaying the moral complexities of his relationship with Sally Hemings.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_S._Onuf" title="Peter S. Onuf">Peter S. Onuf</a> noted that while this approach offers valuable insights, it also risks making assumptions about historical figures' thoughts and motivations that cannot be definitively proven.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jefferson scholar <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph Ellis</a> has called the book "the best study of a slave family ever written".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these criticisms, the book remains highly regarded in academic circles. It has been credited with significantly advancing the study of <a href="/wiki/African_American_genealogy" title="African American genealogy">African American genealogy</a> and the complex dynamics of enslaved families in early American history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hemingses_of_Monticello&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The book was a finalist for 18 awards, of which it won 16 awards. In 2010, Gordon-Reed was awarded a <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a> for her works on colonial and early American history, race, and slavery. The Foundation noted that her "persistent investigation into the life of an iconic American president has dramatically changed the course of Jeffersonian scholarship."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>2008</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award_for_Nonfiction" title="National Book Award for Nonfiction">National Book Award for Nonfiction</a><sup id="cite_ref-nba2008_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nba2008-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NJ_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Historians_of_the_Early_American_Republic" title="Society for Historians of the Early American Republic">Society for Historians of the Early American Republic</a> Book Award</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle_Award" title="National Book Critics Circle Award">National Book Critics Circle Award</a> in Biography (finalist)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2009</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a> (Gordon-Reed was the first African American to be awarded this prize)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Book_Prize" title="George Washington Book Prize">George Washington Book Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisfield-Wolf_Book_Award" title="Anisfield-Wolf Book Award">Anisfield-Wolf Book Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New Jersey Council of the Humanities Book Award<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Douglass Prize">Frederick Douglass Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Owsley Award from the Southern Historical Association<sup id="cite_ref-Norton_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norton-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Virginia" title="Library of Virginia">Library of Virginia</a> Literary Award<sup id="cite_ref-NJ_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norton_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norton-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Lynton_History_Prize" title="Mark Lynton History Prize">Mark Lynton History Prize</a> (finalist)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hemingses_of_Monticello&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Patricia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/20/books/20hemings.html?pagewanted=print">"Seeing past the slave to study the person"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (September 19, 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothman, Adam. "The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family." <a href="/wiki/The_American_Historical_Review" title="The American Historical Review">The American Historical Review</a>, vol. 114, no. 4, 2009, pp. 1002-1004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellis, Joseph J. "Jefferson: 'American Sphinx' No More?" <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, 5 Oct. 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiencek, Henry. <i>The Dark Side of Thomas Jefferson.</i> <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian Magazine</a>, Oct. 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neiman, Fraser D. <i>Coincidence or Causal Connection? The Relationship between Thomas Jefferson's Visits to Monticello and Sally Hemings's Conceptions.</i> <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>, vol. 57, no. 1, 2000, pp. 198-210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Onuf, Peter S. <i>Every Generation Is an 'Island to Itself': Annette Gordon-Reed's Jefferson.</i> <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_American_History" title="The Journal of American History">The Journal of American History</a>, vol. 97, no. 2, 2010, pp. 445-454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staples, Brent. <i>Thomas Jefferson, the Hemings Family and a Debt Long Overdue.</i> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 30 Nov. 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Jan. <i>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family.</i> <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Southern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal of Southern History">The Journal of Southern History</a>, vol. 75, no. 3, 2009, pp. 778-779.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldstreicher, David. <i>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family.</i> <a href="/wiki/William_and_Mary_Quarterly" title="William and Mary Quarterly">The William and Mary Quarterly</a>, vol. 66, no. 2, 2009, pp. 382-388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood, Gordon S. <i>The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family.</i> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>, vol. 55, no. 19, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macfound.org/404">"MacArthur Foundation"</a>. <i>www.macfound.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Anisfield-wolf.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anisfield-Wolf+Book+Awards+%3A%3A+2006+Winners&rft.pub=Anisfield-wolf.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anisfield-wolf.org%2FWinners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hemingses+of+Monticello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125190430/http://njch.org/awards_bookaward.html">"Awards - NJCH Annual Book Award"</a>. NJCH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njch.org/awards_bookaward.html">the original</a> on 2010-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards+-+NJCH+Annual+Book+Award&rft.pub=NJCH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.njch.org%2Fawards_bookaward.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hemingses+of+Monticello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/2009.htm">"New York Law School Professor Wins $25,000 Frederick Douglass Book Prize"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329124744/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/2009.htm">Archived</a> 2010-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norton-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norton_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norton_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.wwnorton.com/books/book-template.aspx?aid=1864&cid=57768&lastPage=1&currentPage=1&sortparam=SortDate">"Library of Virginia Literary Award | W. W. Norton & Company"</a>. Books.wwnorton.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+of+Virginia+Literary+Award+%26%23124%3B+W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.pub=Books.wwnorton.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.wwnorton.com%2Fbooks%2Fbook-template.aspx%3Faid%3D1864%26cid%3D57768%26lastPage%3D1%26currentPage%3D1%26sortparam%3DSortDate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Hemingses+of+Monticello" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hemingses_of_Monticello&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2200594/?from=rss">François Furstenberg, "Jefferson's Other Family: His concubine was also his wife's half-sister"</a>, review of Annette Gordon-Reed, <i>The Hemingses of Monticello</i>, <i>Slate</i>, 23 September 2008</li> <li>Video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QA24_T189U">Annette Gordon-Reed discusses <i>The Hemingses of Monticello</i></a></li> <li>Listen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94828368">Annette Gordon-Reed on NPR's <i>Talk of the Nation</i></a></li> <li>Excerpt: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926005002/http://www.theroot.com/id/48163/page/1">Gordon-Reed examines Sally Hemings' time in Paris with Thomas Jefferson</a> (via TheRoot.com)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_History" title="Template:PulitzerPrize History"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_History" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize History"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_History" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize History"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History" title="Pulitzer Prize for History">Pulitzer Prize for History</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1917–1919</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/With_Americans_of_Past_and_Present_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="With Americans of Past and Present Days">With Americans of Past and Present Days</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jules_Jusserand" title="Jean Jules Jusserand">Jean Jules Jusserand</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_Civil_War,_1861%E2%80%931865" title="A History of the Civil War, 1861–1865">A History of the Civil War, 1861–1865</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Ford_Rhodes" title="James Ford Rhodes">James Ford Rhodes</a> (1918)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920–1939</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_with_Mexico" title="The War with Mexico">The War with Mexico</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Harvey_Smith" title="Justin Harvey Smith">Justin H. Smith</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Victory_at_Sea" title="The Victory at Sea">The Victory at Sea</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Sims" title="William Sims">William Sims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burton_J._Hendrick" title="Burton J. Hendrick">Burton J. Hendrick</a> (1921)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Founding_of_New_England" title="The Founding of New England">The Founding of New England</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Truslow_Adams" title="James Truslow Adams">James Truslow Adams</a> (1922)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Supreme_Court_in_United_States_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Supreme Court in United States History (page does not exist)">The Supreme Court in United States History</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren_(U.S._author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Warren (U.S. author)">Charles Warren</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Revolution:_A_Constitutional_Interpretation" title="The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation">The American Revolution</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Howard_McIlwain" title="Charles Howard McIlwain">Charles Howard McIlwain</a> (1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_American_Frontier" title="History of the American Frontier">History of the American Frontier</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_L._Paxson" title="Frederic L. Paxson">Frederic L. Paxson</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_History_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A History of the United States (page does not exist)">A History of the United States</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Channing" title="Edward Channing">Edward Channing</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinckney%27s_Treaty_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinckney's Treaty (book) (page does not exist)">Pinckney's Treaty</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Flagg_Bemis" title="Samuel Flagg Bemis">Samuel Flagg Bemis</a> (1927)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Main_Currents_in_American_Thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Currents in American Thought">Main Currents in American Thought</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Louis_Parrington" title="Vernon Louis Parrington">Vernon Louis Parrington</a> (1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Organization_and_Administration_of_the_Union_Army,_1861%E2%80%931865" title="The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861–1865">The Organization and Administration of the Union Army, 1861–1865</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Albert_Shannon" title="Fred Albert Shannon">Fred Albert Shannon</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_Independence" title="The War of Independence">The War of Independence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Claude_H._Van_Tyne" title="Claude H. Van Tyne">Claude H. Van Tyne</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Coming_of_the_War,_1914&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Coming of the War, 1914 (page does not exist)">The Coming of the War, 1914</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernadotte_E._Schmitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernadotte E. Schmitt">Bernadotte E. Schmitt</a> (1931)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/My_Experiences_in_the_World_War" title="My Experiences in the World War">My Experiences in the World War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Significance_of_Sections_in_American_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Significance of Sections in American History (page does not exist)">The Significance of Sections in American History</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Jackson_Turner" title="Frederick Jackson Turner">Frederick J. Turner</a> (1933)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_People%27s_Choice_(history_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The People's Choice (history book)">The People's Choice</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Agar" title="Herbert Agar">Herbert Agar</a> (1934)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Colonial_Period_of_American_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Colonial Period of American History (page does not exist)">The Colonial Period of American History</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_McLean_Andrews" title="Charles McLean Andrews">Charles McLean Andrews</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Constitutional_History_of_the_United_States" title="A Constitutional History of the United States">A Constitutional History of the United States</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_C._McLaughlin" title="Andrew C. McLaughlin">Andrew C. McLaughlin</a> (1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Flowering_of_New_England,_1815%E2%80%931865&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Flowering of New England, 1815–1865 (page does not exist)">The Flowering of New England, 1815–1865</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Van_Wyck_Brooks" title="Van Wyck Brooks">Van Wyck Brooks</a> (1937)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Reunion,_1865%E2%80%931900" title="The Road to Reunion, 1865–1900">The Road to Reunion, 1865–1900</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Herman_Buck" title="Paul Herman Buck">Paul Herman Buck</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_American_Magazines" title="A History of American Magazines">A History of American Magazines</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Luther_Mott" title="Frank Luther Mott">Frank Luther Mott</a> (1939)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln:_The_War_Years" title="Abraham Lincoln: The War Years">Abraham Lincoln: The War Years</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Migration,_1607%E2%80%931860" title="The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860">The Atlantic Migration, 1607–1860</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Lee_Hansen" title="Marcus Lee Hansen">Marcus Lee Hansen</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Reveille_in_Washington,_1860%E2%80%931865" title="Reveille in Washington, 1860–1865">Reveille in Washington, 1860–1865</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leech" title="Margaret Leech">Margaret Leech</a> (1942)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_and_the_World_He_Lived_In" title="Paul Revere and the World He Lived In">Paul Revere and the World He Lived In</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Esther_Forbes" title="Esther Forbes">Esther Forbes</a> (1943)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Growth_of_American_Thought&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Growth of American Thought (page does not exist)">The Growth of American Thought</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Merle_Curti" title="Merle Curti">Merle Curti</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unfinished_Business_(1945_book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unfinished Business (1945 book) (page does not exist)">Unfinished Business</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bonsal" title="Stephen Bonsal">Stephen Bonsal</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Age_of_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Age of Jackson (page does not exist)">The Age of Jackson</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Scientists_Against_Time" title="Scientists Against Time">Scientists Against Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Phinney_Baxter_III" title="James Phinney Baxter III">James Phinney Baxter III</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Across_the_Wide_Missouri_(book)" title="Across the Wide Missouri (book)">Across the Wide Missouri</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_DeVoto" title="Bernard DeVoto">Bernard DeVoto</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Disruption_of_American_Democracy" title="The Disruption of American Democracy">The Disruption of American Democracy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Roy_Franklin_Nichols" title="Roy Franklin Nichols">Roy Franklin Nichols</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Art_and_Life_in_America" title="Art and Life in America">Art and Life in America</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_W._Larkin" title="Oliver W. Larkin">Oliver W. Larkin</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Northwest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Old Northwest (page does not exist)">The Old Northwest</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/R._Carlyle_Buley" title="R. Carlyle Buley">R. Carlyle Buley</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Uprooted" title="The Uprooted">The Uprooted</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Oscar Handlin</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Era_of_Good_Feelings_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Era of Good Feelings (book) (page does not exist)">The Era of Good Feelings</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_Dangerfield" title="George Dangerfield">George Dangerfield</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Stillness_at_Appomattox" title="A Stillness at Appomattox">A Stillness at Appomattox</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Catton" title="Bruce Catton">Bruce Catton</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Great_River:_The_Rio_Grande_in_North_American_History" title="Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History">Great River</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Horgan" title="Paul Horgan">Paul Horgan</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Reform" title="The Age of Reform">The Age of Reform</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hofstadter" title="Richard Hofstadter">Richard Hofstadter</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Russia_Leaves_the_War" title="Russia Leaves the War">Russia Leaves the War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/George_F._Kennan" title="George F. Kennan">George F. Kennan</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Banks_and_Politics_in_America" title="Banks and Politics in America">Banks and Politics in America</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bray_Hammond" title="Bray Hammond">Bray Hammond</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Republican_Era,_1869%E2%80%931901" title="The Republican Era, 1869–1901">The Republican Era, 1869–1901</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_D._White" title="Leonard D. White">Leonard D. White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Schneider" title="Jean Schneider">Jean Schneider</a> (1959)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Days_of_McKinley" title="In the Days of McKinley">In the Days of McKinley</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Leech" title="Margaret Leech">Margaret Leech</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Between_War_and_Peace:_The_Potsdam_Conference" title="Between War and Peace: The Potsdam Conference">Between War and Peace</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumphant_Empire" title="The Triumphant Empire">The Triumphant Empire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Gipson" title="Lawrence H. Gipson">Lawrence H. Gipson</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington:_Village_and_Capital,_1800%E2%80%931878" title="Washington: Village and Capital, 1800–1878">Washington: Village and Capital, 1800–1878</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Constance_McLaughlin_Green" title="Constance McLaughlin Green">Constance McLaughlin Green</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Puritan_Village" title="Puritan Village">Puritan Village</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sumner_Chilton_Powell" title="Sumner Chilton Powell">Sumner Chilton Powell</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greenback_Era" title="The Greenback Era">The Greenback Era</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Unger" title="Irwin Unger">Irwin Unger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_the_Mind_in_America" title="The Life of the Mind in America">The Life of the Mind in America</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Perry_Miller" title="Perry Miller">Perry Miller</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Exploration_and_Empire" title="Exploration and Empire">Exploration and Empire</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/William_H._Goetzmann" title="William H. Goetzmann">William H. Goetzmann</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ideological_Origins_of_the_American_Revolution" title="The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution">The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bernard Bailyn</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_Fifth_Amendment" title="Origins of the Fifth Amendment">Origins of the Fifth Amendment</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Levy" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonard Levy">Leonard Levy</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Present_at_the_Creation" title="Present at the Creation">Present at the Creation</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Dean Acheson</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt:_The_Soldier_of_Freedom" title="Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom">Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_MacGregor_Burns" title="James MacGregor Burns">James MacGregor Burns</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Neither_Black_nor_White" title="Neither Black nor White">Neither Black nor White</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_N._Degler" title="Carl N. Degler">Carl N. Degler</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/People_of_Paradox" title="People of Paradox">People of Paradox</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kammen" title="Michael Kammen">Michael Kammen</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Americans:_The_Democratic_Experience" title="The Americans: The Democratic Experience">The Americans</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Daniel J. Boorstin</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_and_His_Time" title="Jefferson and His Time">Jefferson and His Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dumas_Malone" title="Dumas Malone">Dumas Malone</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lamy_of_Santa_Fe" title="Lamy of Santa Fe">Lamy of Santa Fe</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Horgan" title="Paul Horgan">Paul Horgan</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Impending_Crisis,_1848%E2%80%931861" title="The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861">The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_M._Potter" title="David M. Potter">David M. Potter</a> (completed and edited by <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Don E. Fehrenbacher</a>; 1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visible_Hand" title="The Visible Hand">The Visible Hand</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Chandler_Jr." title="Alfred D. Chandler Jr.">Alfred D. Chandler Jr.</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dred_Scott_Case:_Its_Significance_in_American_Law_and_Politics" title="The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics">The Dred Scott Case</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Fehrenbacher" title="Don E. Fehrenbacher">Don E. Fehrenbacher</a> (1979)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Been_in_the_Storm_So_Long" title="Been in the Storm So Long">Been in the Storm So Long</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Litwack" title="Leon Litwack">Leon Litwack</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/American_Education" title="American Education">American Education</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_A._Cremin" title="Lawrence A. Cremin">Lawrence A. Cremin</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Chesnut%27s_Civil_War" title="Mary Chesnut's Civil War">Mary Chesnut's Civil War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/C._Vann_Woodward" title="C. Vann Woodward">C. Vann Woodward</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transformation_of_Virginia,_1740%E2%80%931790" title="The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790">The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Isaac" title="Rhys Isaac">Rhys Isaac</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Regulation" title="Prophets of Regulation">Prophets of Regulation</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_K._McCraw" title="Thomas K. McCraw">Thomas K. McCraw</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/...The_Heavens_and_the_Earth" title="...The Heavens and the Earth">...The Heavens and the Earth</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Walter_A._McDougall" title="Walter A. McDougall">Walter A. McDougall</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Voyagers_to_the_West" title="Voyagers to the West">Voyagers to the West</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Bailyn" title="Bernard Bailyn">Bernard Bailyn</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Launching_of_Modern_American_Science,_1846%E2%80%931876" title="The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846–1876">The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846–1876</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_V._Bruce" title="Robert V. Bruce">Robert V. Bruce</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Cry_of_Freedom_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Cry of Freedom (book)">Battle Cry of Freedom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. McPherson">James M. McPherson</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Parting_the_Waters" class="mw-redirect" title="Parting the Waters">Parting the Waters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/In_Our_Image:_America%27s_Empire_in_the_Philippines" title="In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines">In Our Image</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Stanley Karnow</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Midwife%27s_Tale" class="mw-redirect" title="A Midwife's Tale">A Midwife's Tale</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Laurel_Thatcher_Ulrich" title="Laurel Thatcher Ulrich">Laurel Thatcher Ulrich</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fate_of_Liberty" title="The Fate of Liberty">The Fate of Liberty</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Neely_Jr." title="Mark E. Neely Jr.">Mark E. Neely Jr.</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Radicalism_of_the_American_Revolution" title="The Radicalism of the American Revolution">The Radicalism of the American Revolution</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_S._Wood" title="Gordon S. Wood">Gordon S. Wood</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/No_Ordinary_Time" title="No Ordinary Time">No Ordinary Time</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwin" title="Doris Kearns Goodwin">Doris Kearns Goodwin</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/William_Cooper%27s_Town" title="William Cooper's Town">William Cooper's Town</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Taylor_(historian)" title="Alan Taylor (historian)">Alan Taylor</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Original_Meanings" title="Original Meanings">Original Meanings</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_N._Rakove" title="Jack N. Rakove">Jack N. Rakove</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Summer_for_the_Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer for the Gods">Summer for the Gods</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Larson" title="Edward J. Larson">Edward J. Larson</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gotham:_A_History_of_New_York_City_to_1898" title="Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898">Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Burrows" title="Edwin G. Burrows">Edwin G. Burrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Wallace_(historian)" title="Mike Wallace (historian)">Mike Wallace</a> (1999)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Fear:_The_American_People_in_Depression_and_War,_1929%E2%80%931945" title="Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945">Freedom from Fear</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(historian)" title="David M. Kennedy (historian)">David M. Kennedy</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Founding_Brothers" title="Founding Brothers">Founding Brothers</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellis" title="Joseph Ellis">Joseph Ellis</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Metaphysical_Club:_A_Story_of_Ideas_in_America" title="The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America">The Metaphysical Club</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Menand" title="Louis Menand">Louis Menand</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/An_Army_at_Dawn" title="An Army at Dawn">An Army at Dawn</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Rick Atkinson</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Nation_Under_Our_Feet" title="A Nation Under Our Feet">A Nation Under Our Feet</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Hahn" title="Steven Hahn">Steven Hahn</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing_(book)" title="Washington's Crossing (book)">Washington's Crossing</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Polio:_An_American_Story" title="Polio: An American Story">Polio: An American Story</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Oshinsky" title="David Oshinsky">David Oshinsky</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Race_Beat" title="The Race Beat">The Race Beat</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Roberts_(journalist)" title="Gene Roberts (journalist)">Gene Roberts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Klibanoff" title="Hank Klibanoff">Hank Klibanoff</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/What_Hath_God_Wrought:_The_Transformation_of_America,_1815%E2%80%931848" title="What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848">What Hath God Wrought</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walker_Howe" title="Daniel Walker Howe">Daniel Walker Howe</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Hemingses of Monticello</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Annette_Gordon-Reed" title="Annette Gordon-Reed">Annette Gordon-Reed</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lords_of_Finance" title="Lords of Finance">Lords of Finance</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ahamed" title="Liaquat Ahamed">Liaquat Ahamed</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fiery_Trial" title="The Fiery Trial">The Fiery Trial</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Foner" title="Eric Foner">Eric Foner</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X:_A_Life_of_Reinvention" title="Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention">Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Manning_Marable" title="Manning Marable">Manning Marable</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Embers_of_War" title="Embers of War">Embers of War</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Logevall" title="Fredrik Logevall">Fredrik Logevall</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internal_Enemy" title="The Internal Enemy">The Internal Enemy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Taylor_(historian)" title="Alan Taylor (historian)">Alan Taylor</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Encounters_at_the_Heart_of_the_World" title="Encounters at the Heart of the World">Encounters at the Heart of the World</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_A._Fenn" title="Elizabeth A. Fenn">Elizabeth A. Fenn</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Custer%27s_Trials" title="Custer's Trials">Custer's Trials</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/T._J._Stiles" title="T. J. Stiles">T. J. Stiles</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_in_the_Water:_The_Attica_Prison_Uprising_of_1971_and_Its_Legacy" title="Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy">Blood in the Water</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Heather_Ann_Thompson" title="Heather Ann Thompson">Heather Ann Thompson</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>The Gulf</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_E._Davis" title="Jack E. Davis">Jack E. Davis</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass:_Prophet_of_Freedom" title="Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom">Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_W._Blight" title="David W. Blight">David W. Blight</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Taste_of_Liberty:_A_True_Story_of_Slavery_and_Restitution_in_America" title="Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America">Sweet Taste of Liberty</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/W._Caleb_McDaniel" title="W. Caleb McDaniel">W. Caleb McDaniel</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franchise:_The_Golden_Arches_in_Black_America" title="Franchise: The Golden Arches in Black America">Franchise</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Chatelain" title="Marcia Chatelain">Marcia Chatelain</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Covered with Night</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Eustace" title="Nicole Eustace">Nicole Eustace</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Cuba:_An_American_History" title="Cuba: An American History">Cuba: An American History</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ada_Ferrer" title="Ada Ferrer">Ada Ferrer</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom%27s_Dominion" title="Freedom's Dominion">Freedom's Dominion</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Cowie" title="Jefferson Cowie">Jefferson Cowie</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=No_Right_to_an_Honest_Living&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No Right to an Honest Living (page does not exist)">No Right to an Honest Living</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Jones" title="Jacqueline Jones">Jacqueline Jones</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Slave_narratives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Slave_narrative" title="Template:Slave narrative"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Slave_narrative" title="Template talk:Slave narrative"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Slave_narrative" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Slave narrative"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Slave_narratives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Slave_narrative" title="Slave narrative">Slave narratives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Narrative_Collection" title="Slave Narrative Collection">Slave Narrative Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals<br />by continent<br />of enslavement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Adams_(sailor)" title="Robert Adams (sailor)">Robert Adams</a> (c. 1790–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Berg_(1714-1761)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Berg (1714-1761)">Marcus Berg</a> (1714-1761)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bok" title="Francis Bok">Francis Bok</a> (b. 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Brassard" title="Isaac Brassard">Isaac Brassard</a> (1620–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Caronni" title="Felice Caronni">Felice Caronni </a> (1747–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Leander_Cathcart" title="James Leander Cathcart">James Leander Cathcart</a> (1767–1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafur_Egilsson" title="Ólafur Egilsson">Ólafur Egilsson</a> (1564–1639)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Kilekwa" title="Petro Kilekwa">Petro Kilekwa</a> (late 19th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Marsh" title="Elizabeth Marsh">Elizabeth Marsh</a> (1735–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_ter_Meetelen" title="Maria ter Meetelen">Maria ter Meetelen</a> (1704–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Nazer" title="Mende Nazer">Mende Nazer</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hark_Olufs" title="Hark Olufs">Hark Olufs</a> (1708–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pellow" title="Thomas Pellow">Thomas Pellow</a> (1705–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitts_(author)" title="Joseph Pitts (author)">Joseph Pitts</a> (1663 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1735</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0r%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_S%C3%ADmonard%C3%B3ttir" title="Guðríður Símonardóttir">Guðríður Símonardóttir</a> (1598–1682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Qaurtier" title="Antoine Qaurtier">Antoine Qaurtier</a> (1632–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Matth%C3%A4us_Wolfgang" title="Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang">Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang</a> (1660–1736)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wolffgang" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Georg Wolffgang">Johann Georg Wolffgang</a> (1644–1744)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a> (1684–1736)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A1clav_Vratislav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Václav Vratislav (page does not exist)">Václav Vratislav</a> (1576–1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovisa_von_Burghausen" title="Lovisa von Burghausen">Lovisa von Burghausen</a> (1698–1733)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaudah_Equiano" title="Olaudah Equiano">Olaudah Equiano</a> (c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukawsaw_Gronniosaw" title="Ukawsaw Gronniosaw">Ukawsaw Gronniosaw</a> (c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marteilhe" title="Jean Marteilhe">Jean Marteilhe</a> (1684-1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roustam_Raza" title="Roustam Raza">Roustam Raza</a> (1783–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunzio_Otello_Francesco_Gioacchino" title="Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino">Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino</a> (1792 – fl. 1828)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Ottoman Empire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Schiltberger" title="Johann Schiltberger">Johann Schiltberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Konstantin Mihailović">Konstantin Mihailović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_of_Hungary" title="George of Hungary">George of Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Ang%C3%A9lique" title="Marie-Joseph Angélique">Marie-Joseph Angélique</a> (c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Jewitt" title="John R. Jewitt">John R. Jewitt</a> (1783 England – 1821 United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_Manzano" title="Juan Francisco Manzano">Juan Francisco Manzano</a> (1797–1854, Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Montejo" title="Esteban Montejo">Esteban Montejo</a> (1860–1965, Cuba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Prince" title="Mary Prince">Mary Prince</a> (c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)</li> <li>Venerable <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Toussaint" title="Pierre Toussaint">Pierre Toussaint</a> (1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Xiorro" title="Marcos Xiorro">Marcos Xiorro</a> (c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">North America:<br />United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Aleckson" title="Sam Aleckson">Sam Aleckson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Anderson" title="Jordan Anderson">Jordan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Anderson" title="William J. Anderson">William J. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Maurice_Arter" title="Jared Maurice Arter">Jared Maurice Arter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Bayley" title="Solomon Bayley">Solomon Bayley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Berry" title="Polly Berry">Polly Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bibb" title="Henry Bibb">Henry Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Black" title="Leonard Black">Leonard Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a> (1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Box_Brown" title="Henry Box Brown">Henry "Box" Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(fugitive_slave)" title="John Brown (fugitive slave)">John Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wells_Brown" title="William Wells Brown">William Wells Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bruner" title="Peter Bruner">Peter Bruner</a> (1845 KY – 1938 OH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen and William Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Crafts" title="Hannah Crafts">Hannah Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Davis" title="Lucinda Davis">Lucinda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Davis_(Baptist_minister)" title="Noah Davis (Baptist minister)">Noah Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Delaney" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy Delaney">Lucy Delaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayuba_Suleiman_Diallo" title="Ayuba Suleiman Diallo">Ayuba Suleiman Diallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Drumgoold" title="Kate Drumgoold">Kate Drumgoold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Winston_Early" title="Jordan Winston Early">Jordan Winston Early</a> (1814 – after 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jane_Woodson_Early" title="Sarah Jane Woodson Early">Sarah Jane Woodson Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fossett" title="Peter Fossett">Peter Fossett</a> (1815 <a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a>–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_(Baptist)" title="David George (Baptist)">David George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Grandy" title="Moses Grandy">Moses Grandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lear_Green" title="Lear Green">Lear Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Green_(former_slave)" title="William Green (former slave)">William Green</a> (19th century <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grimes_(ex-slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Grimes (ex-slave)">William Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Henson" title="Josiah Henson">Josiah Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Hughes" title="Fountain Hughes">Fountain Hughes</a> (1848/1854 VA – 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_ibn_Said" title="Omar ibn Said">Omar ibn Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Jackson" title="John Andrew Jackson">John Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_James_(minister)" title="Thomas James (minister)">Thomas James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jea" title="John Jea">John Jea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jennings_(slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Jennings (slave)">Paul Jennings</a> (1799–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Keckley" title="Elizabeth Keckley">Elizabeth Keckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_King" title="Boston King">Boston King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunsford_Lane" title="Lunsford Lane">Lunsford Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Vance_Lewis" title="J. Vance Lewis">J. Vance Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermain_Wesley_Loguen" title="Jermain Wesley Loguen">Jermain Wesley Loguen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mars" title="James Mars">James Mars</a> (1790–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Northup" title="Solomon Northup">Solomon Northup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensbury_Washington_Offley" title="Greensbury Washington Offley">Greensbury Washington Offley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(abolitionist)" title="John Parker (abolitionist)">John Parker</a> (1827 VA – 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parker_(abolitionist)" title="William Parker (abolitionist)">William Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robinson_(soldier,_born_1753)" title="James Robinson (soldier, born 1753)">James Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Roper" title="Moses Roper">Moses Roper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Singleton" title="William Henry Singleton">William Henry Singleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lindsay_Smith" title="James Lindsay Smith">James Lindsay Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_Smith" title="Venture Smith">Venture Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Steward" title="Austin Steward">Austin Steward</a> (1793 VA – 1860)</li> <li>Venerable <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Toussaint" title="Pierre Toussaint">Pierre Toussaint</a> (1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Turnage" title="Wallace Turnage">Wallace Turnage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_Veney" title="Bethany Veney">Bethany Veney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Willis" title="Wallace Willis">Wallace Willis</a> (19th century Indian Territory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_E._Wilson" title="Harriet E. Wilson">Harriet E. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_Zembola" title="Zamba Zembola">Zamba Zembola</a> (b. c. 1780 Congo)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahommah_Gardo_Baquaqua" title="Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua">Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua</a> (1845–1847, Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Bur%C3%ADa" title="Miguel de Buría">Miguel de Buría</a> (? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osifekunde" title="Osifekunde">Osifekunde</a> (c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Interesting_Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Olaudah_Equiano" title="The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano">The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano</a></i> (1789)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_of_Robert_Adams" title="The Narrative of Robert Adams">The Narrative of Robert Adams</a></i> (1816)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Slavery_as_It_Is" class="mw-redirect" title="American Slavery as It Is">American Slavery as It Is</a></i> (1839)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Narrative_of_the_Life_of_Frederick_Douglass,_an_American_Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave">Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Josiah_Henson,_Formerly_a_Slave,_Now_an_Inhabitant_of_Canada,_as_Narrated_by_Himself" title="The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself">The Life of Josiah Henson</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years_a_Slave" title="Twelve Years a Slave">Twelve Years a Slave</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Bondage_and_My_Freedom" title="My Bondage and My Freedom">My Bondage and My Freedom</a></i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incidents_in_the_Life_of_a_Slave_Girl" title="Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl">Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(Still)" title="The Underground Railroad (Still)">The Underground Railroad Records</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Times_of_Frederick_Douglass" title="Life and Times of Frederick Douglass">Life and Times of Frederick Douglass</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Slavery" title="Up from Slavery">Up from Slavery</a></i> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Narrative_Collection" title="Slave Narrative Collection">Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States</a></i> (1936–38)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peculiar_Institution" title="The Peculiar Institution">The Peculiar Institution</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_Community" title="The Slave Community">The Slave Community</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barracoon:_The_Story_of_the_Last_%22Black_Cargo%22" title="Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"">Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_slavery" title="Category:Novels about slavery">Fiction/novels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oroonoko" title="Oroonoko">Oroonoko</a></i> (1688)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sab_(novel)" title="Sab (novel)">Sab</a></i> (1841)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heroic_Slave" title="The Heroic Slave">The Heroic Slave</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clotel" title="Clotel">Clotel</a></i> (1853)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bondwoman%27s_Narrative" title="The Bondwoman's Narrative">The Bondwoman's Narrative</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1853</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1861</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred:_A_Tale_of_the_Great_Dismal_Swamp" title="Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp">Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp</a></i> (1856)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Nig" title="Our Nig">Our Nig</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(novel)" title="Jubilee (novel)">Jubilee</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Nat_Turner" title="The Confessions of Nat Turner">The Confessions of Nat Turner</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots: The Saga of an American Family</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Underground_to_Canada" title="Underground to Canada">Underground to Canada</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kindred_(novel)" title="Kindred (novel)">Kindred</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dessa_Rose" title="Dessa Rose">Dessa Rose</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beloved_(novel)" title="Beloved (novel)">Beloved</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Passage_(novel)" title="Middle Passage (novel)">Middle Passage</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen:_The_Story_of_an_American_Family" title="Queen: The Story of an American Family">Queen: The Story of an American Family</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hang_a_Thousand_Trees_with_Ribbons" title="Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons">Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ama:_A_Story_of_the_Atlantic_Slave_Trade" title="Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade">Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walk_Through_Darkness" title="Walk Through Darkness">Walk Through Darkness</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Known_World" title="The Known World">The Known World</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unburnable" title="Unburnable">Unburnable</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Negroes_(novel)" title="The Book of Negroes (novel)">The Book of Negroes</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Railroad_(novel)" title="The Underground Railroad (novel)">The Underground Railroad</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Young adult books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amos_Fortune,_Free_Man" title="Amos Fortune, Free Man">Amos Fortune, Free Man</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Juan_de_Pareja" title="I, Juan de Pareja">I, Juan de Pareja</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copper_Sun" title="Copper Sun">Copper Sun</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/To_a_Southern_Slaveholder" title="To a Southern Slaveholder">To a Southern Slaveholder</a>" (1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Key_to_Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin">A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> (1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Escape;_or,_A_Leap_for_Freedom" title="The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom">The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom</a></i> (1858)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Octoroon" title="The Octoroon">The Octoroon</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omar_(opera)" title="Omar (opera)">Omar</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Unchained_Memories" title="Unchained Memories">Unchained Memories</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_and_the_White_Negro" title="Frederick Douglass and the White Negro">Frederick Douglass and the White Negro</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">African-American literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Tom_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Tom novels">Anti-Tom novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captivity_narrative" title="Captivity narrative">Captivity narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_literature" title="Caribbean literature">Caribbean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Films featuring slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Underground_Railroad" title="Songs of the Underground Railroad">Songs of the Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_last_surviving_American_enslaved_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of last surviving American enslaved people">List of last surviving American enslaved people</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Negroes" title="Book of Negroes">Book of Negroes</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Plantation_Record_and_Account_Book" title="Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book">Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave-Trading_in_the_Old_South" title="Slave-Trading in the Old South">Slave-Trading in the Old South</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Songs_of_the_United_States" title="Slave Songs of the United States">Slave Songs of the United States</a></i> (1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace:_An_Anthology_of_Poems_about_Slavery" title="Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery">Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Hemingses of Monticello</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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