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href="/eu/country/mexico" aria-label="Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/eu/country/peru" aria-label="Peru">Peru</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/eu/country/united-states" aria-label="United States of America">United States of America</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item"><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-4-menu-item-link" href="/eu/country/venezuela" aria-label="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link" href="/eu/what-we-do" aria-label="What we do">What we do</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul 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rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/topic/eu-migration-and-asylum" aria-label="EU migration and asylum">EU migration and asylum</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/resettlement" aria-label="Refugee resettlement">Refugee resettlement</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/topic/climate-change" aria-label="Climate change">Climate change</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/topic/mental-health" aria-label="Mental health in conflict and crisis">Mental health in conflict and crisis</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/outcome/women-girls" aria-label="Women's protection and empowerment">Women's protection and empowerment</a></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item--last"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Around the world</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/topic/gaza-crisis" aria-label="Gaza crisis">Gaza crisis</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/emergency-watchlist-2024" aria-label="Our Watchlist">Our Watchlist</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/country/ukraine" aria-label="Ukraine crisis">Ukraine crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link" href="/eu/how-to-help" aria-label="How to Help">How to Help</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Give</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a 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aria-label="Careers">Careers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item--type-1" data-rpl-main-menu-level-1><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link rplc-main-menu__level-1-menu-item-link--last" href="/eu/latest" aria-label="Latest">Latest</a><button class="rplc-main-menu__level-1-expand-toggle" data-rpl-main-menu-expanding-section-target aria-label="Main Menu Option Expand Toggle"></button><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-2"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">News and Articles</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/news" aria-label="Articles">Articles</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a 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class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/resettlement" aria-label="Refugee resettlement">Refugee resettlement</a></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Stories</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="https://www.rescue.org/eu/stories" aria-label="Our stories">Our stories</a></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item--leaf" data-rpl-main-menu-level-3><a class="rplc-main-menu__level-3-menu-item-link" href="/eu/videos" aria-label="Videos">Videos</a></li></ul></li><li class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item--last"/><p class="rplc-main-menu__level-2-menu-item-title">Resources</p><ul class="rplc-main-menu__level-3"><li 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rpla-art-directed-image--permit-upscaling'><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/super_widescreen_21x9_2058px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=LTB9yfhu 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/super_widescreen_21x9_3850px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=Hovm5_7V 2x," media="all and (min-width: 64.063em)"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/super_widescreen_21x9_1925px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=kVZgDY7Q 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/super_widescreen_21x9_2058px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=LTB9yfhu 2x," media="all and (min-width: 40.063em) and (max-width: 64em)"><source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1x1_400px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=K27vAJTk 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1x1_1280px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=NqocTbz6 2x, /sites/default/files/styles/square_1x1_1280px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=NqocTbz6 3x,"><img src="/sites/default/files/styles/square_1x1_1280px_wide/public/2022-10/pexels-pixabay-267669.jpeg?itok=NqocTbz6" alt="Image of a dictionary"/></picture></div><div class="rplc-hero-standard__inner-content-wrapper"><a class="rplc-hero-standard__link-wrapper" href="" aria-label="Glossary" data-rpla-hover-target><div class="rplc-hero-standard__text-wrapper"><div class="rplc-hero-standard__headline-wrapper"><div class="rplm-stacked-headline-2 rplm-stacked-headline-2--type-one"><div class="rpla-slug rpla-slug--size-large" tabindex="0">Guide to migration and asylum terms</div><h1 class="rpla-responsive-title rpla-responsive-title--short" tabindex="0"> Glossary </h1><div class="rplm-stacked-headline-2__summary-wrapper"><p class="rpla-paragraph" tabindex="0"></p></div></div></div><div class="rplc-hero-standard__call-to-action-wrapper"><div class="rplc-hero-standard__primary-call-to-action-wrapper"><div role="button" class="rpla-convertible-link-button rpla-convertible-link-button--type-one"><span class="rpla-convertible-link-button__text">Explore</span><span class="rpla-convertible-link-button__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--caret-down"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414"><path d="M8.005 12.469l7.68-7.063-1.846-1.851-5.815 5.202L2.18 3.531.315 5.397l7.69 7.072z" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div></span></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div> </div><main id="main-content" class="rpll-page__main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">This glossary has been produced by the IRC to assist migration policymakers, members of the media,  students and other relevant audiences with understanding complex terminology in the migration and asylum sector.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Words listed in <strong>bold</strong> are other terms defined in this glossary.</p><div><div class="l-embeddable-row"></div><div class="l-embeddable-row"><div id="35769" class="rplc-faq" data-rpl-canvas-color="neutral-white"><div class="rplc-faq__content" data-rpl-state-target-contextual-menu><div class="rplc-faq__questions"><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Asylum</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The grant, by a state, of <strong>international protection</strong> on its territory to persons outside their country of <strong>nationality</strong> or habitual residence, who are fleeing persecution or serious harm or for other reasons.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Typically, a grant of asylum confers <strong>refugee</strong> status.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees all persons the right to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries from persecution and is the foundation for the Refugee Convention.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Asylum seeker</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Generally, an individual who is seeking <strong>international protection</strong>.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In some countries, it is a legal term that refers to a person who has formally applied for <strong>refugee</strong> status or a <strong>complementary international protection</strong> status and has not yet received a final decision.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Not all asylum seekers will be granted international protection, but every refugee was originally an asylum seeker.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="498bca2e-e179-4711-8709-2d0e7bfb7283" href="/eu/article/100-million-people-displaced-around-world-what-you-need-know-2022" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one" title="100 million people displaced around the world: What you need to know">Read more in our explainer article</a>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Burden sharing</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A term derived from the Preamble to the Refugee Convention, and commonly also referred to as <strong>responsibility sharing</strong>, which considers that the grant of <strong>asylum</strong> may place unduly heavy burden on certain countries, and that a satisfactory solution of a problem of which the United Nations has recognised the international scope and nature cannot therefore be achieved without international cooperation.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Climate migration</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The International Organization for Migration - noting that this is a working definition for analytic and advocacy purposes with no specific legal definition - states that climate migration is the movement of a person or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive change in the environment due to climate change, are obliged to leave their habitual place of residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, within a state or across an international border.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Citizenship</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Citizenship is an individual’s membership to a sovereign state that guarantees a set of civil and political rights. Each country determines its own criteria for citizenship. See <strong>nationality</strong>.  </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Complementary protection </div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Mechanisms used by states to regularise the stay of persons found to fall outside the scope of the Refugee Convention, but who are nevertheless in need of <strong>international protection</strong>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Complementary pathways </div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Safe and regulated avenues by which <strong>refugees</strong> may be admitted and stay in a country, and have their <strong>international protection</strong> needs met while they are also able to support themselves to potentially reach a sustainable and lasting solution.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Complementary pathways are not meant to substitute the protection afforded to refugees under the international protection regime, nor existing <strong>resettlement</strong> schemes - they complement it and serve as an important expression of global solidarity, international cooperation and more equitable <strong>responsibility sharing</strong>. These may include family reunification, scholarship, education, and private or community sponsorship programmes, as well as labour mobility schemes.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Country of origin</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The country or countries of <strong>nationality</strong> or, for <strong>stateless</strong> persons, of former habitual residence.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Criminalisation </div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The regulation of <strong>migration</strong> is generally a civil or administrative law matter.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Criminalisation refers to efforts to manage migration through the criminal legal system, including by imposing criminal penalties on <strong>irregular migration</strong>, delegating migration management functions to criminal law enforcement agencies, or by subjecting non-citizens to punitive measures such as immigration detention and electronic monitoring.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Displacement or forced displacement</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The UN Refugee Agency defines displacement as the movement of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence (whether within their country or across an international border), in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights, or natural or human-made disasters.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Durable solution</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In the refugee context, durable solutions are the means by which the situation of <strong>refugees</strong> can be satisfactorily and permanently resolved through ensuring national protection for their civil cultural, economic, political and social rights.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The three durable solutions in the refugee context are <strong>voluntary repatriation</strong>, <strong>local integration</strong>, or <strong>resettlement</strong>.  </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In the context of <strong>internally displaced persons</strong>, durable solutions are achieved when individuals no longer have specific assistance or protection needs linked to their <strong>displacement</strong>.  </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">For <strong>stateless</strong> persons, durable solutions are linked to the provision or recognition of nationality.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">First country of asylum</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The term country of first asylum (or just “<strong>country of asylum</strong>”) is often used descriptively in global <strong>resettlement</strong> parlance to refer to the first country in which an <strong>asylum seeker</strong> or <strong>refugee</strong> finds protection.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">More broadly, first country of asylum refers to a procedure wherein a state determines that an asylum seeker should be denied access to its refugee status determination procedures (asylum procedures) on the basis that they have already found protection in another country, can return there, and can avail themself of such protection, including benefiting from the principle of <strong>non-refoulement</strong>. Some countries, (e.g., the US) refer to this as “<strong>firm resettlement</strong>.”</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Under international refugee law, a state must make an individualised assessment, with adequate due process protections, as to whether an asylum seeker will be readmitted and can enjoy protection in a first country of asylum, including, but not limited to, protection from <strong>refoulement</strong>. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Human rights-based approach [to migration]</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A conceptual framework based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Immigrant</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">From the perspective of the country of arrival, a person who moves into a country other than that of their <strong>nationality</strong> or usual residence, so that the country of destination effectively becomes their new country of usual residence.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Immigration detention</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Immigration detention is the deprivation of personal liberty for migration-related reasons.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Note that immigrant detention differs from criminal incarceration, which is the deprivation of liberty due to criminal charges or conviction.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Internal relocation (or internal flight alternative)</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A concept invoked by some countries' national laws asserting that, where a well-founded fear of persecution based on a protected ground (see <strong>refugee</strong> definition) has been established in one part of the <strong>country of origin</strong>, there may be a specific area of the country where there is no such risk and where, given particular circumstances of a case, an applicant for <strong>international protection</strong> could reasonably be expected to establish themselves.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The 1951 Convention does not require assessment of internal relocation possibilities and the OAU Convention (see below, <strong>refugee</strong> definition) explicitly clarifies that a refugee need not first exhaust all alternatives within their country of origin.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Internally displaced person (IDP)</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally-recognised national border.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="498bca2e-e179-4711-8709-2d0e7bfb7283" href="/eu/article/100-million-people-displaced-around-world-what-you-need-know-2022" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one" title="100 million people displaced around the world: What you need to know">Read more in our explainer article</a>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">International migration</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The movement of persons away from their place of usual residence and across an international border to a country of which they are not nationals.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">For statistical purposes, the UN DESA definition excludes movements due to recreation, holiday, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment, or religious pilgrimages.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">International protection</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Protection that is accorded by the international community to individuals or groups who are outside their own country and are unable to return because they would be at risk there, and whose own country is unable or unwilling to protect them.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Risks that give rise to a need for international protection include those of persecution or other threats to life, freedom, or physical integrity.    </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The international community provides international protection through states, notably via <strong>asylum systems</strong>, and through international organisations in accordance with their mandates to individuals and groups.    </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">International protection includes<strong> refugee status </strong>as well as <strong>subsidiary protections</strong> and <strong>complementary protections</strong>.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In the European Union, for example, international protection is defined as <strong>refugee</strong> status and <strong>subsidiary protection</strong> status.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The concept of international protection is closely associated with refugee protection and asylum. It is distinct from the broader concept of protection which applies to all humanitarian action including outside refugee contexts.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Irregular migration</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Movement of persons that takes place outside the laws, regulations, or international agreements governing the entry into or exit from the state of origin, transit or destination.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Migrant</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">An umbrella term, not defined under international law, reflecting the common understanding of a person who moves away from their place of usual residence, whether within a country or across international borders, temporarily or permanently, and for a variety of reasons.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Migrant worker</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a national.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Migration</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The movement of persons away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within a country.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Mixed migration</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">According to the Mixed Migration Centre, the term mixed migration refers to cross-border movements of people, including refugees fleeing persecution and conflict, victims of trafficking, and people seeking better lives and opportunities.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Motivated to move by a multiplicity of factors, people in mixed flows have different legal statuses that change along the way as well as a variety of vulnerabilities.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Although entitled to protection under international human rights law, they are exposed to multiple rights violations along their journey.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Nationality</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Means the legal bond between a person and a state and does not indicate the person's ethnic origin.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Under the European Convention, the terms nationality and <strong>citizenship</strong> are synonymous.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">However, in some countries such as the United States, citizenship is a legal status that grants greater rights, meaning that all citizens are nationals, but some nationals are not citizens.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Non-refoulement</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Under international human rights law, the principle of non-refoulement guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">This principle applies to all <strong>migrants </strong>at all times, irrespective of migration status.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Prima facie refugee</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">During large movements of refugees, it is not always necessary or possible to conduct individual <strong>asylum </strong>interviews with every <strong>asylum seeker</strong> who crosses a border.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In such circumstances, these individuals may be called “prima facie refugees” and granted <strong>refugee</strong> status as a group by the government of the country receiving them.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Protection</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The concept of protection encompasses all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the letter and spirit of relevant bodies of law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international refugee law.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Refugee</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A refugee is an individual outside their country of nationality or last habitual residence who has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion, and is unable or unwilling as a result of such fear to avail themselves of the protection of that country.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees removed certain geographic and temporal limitations regarding the definition of a refugee.  </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Some regions and countries have adopted more expansive definitions. For example:</p><ul class="rpla-unordered-list rpla-unordered-list--body"><li class="rpla-unordered-list__item">The 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa expands the definition of a refugee to apply to every person who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of their country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave their place of last habitual residence to seek refuge elsewhere.</li><li class="rpla-unordered-list__item">The Cartagena Declaration on Refugees, adopted in 1984 by the Colloquium on the International Protection of Refugees in Central America, Mexico and Panama, in addition to the elements contained in the Refugee Convention definition, includes among refugees persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order.  </li></ul><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="498bca2e-e179-4711-8709-2d0e7bfb7283" href="/eu/article/100-million-people-displaced-around-world-what-you-need-know-2022" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one" title="100 million people displaced around the world: What you need to know">Read more in our explainer article</a>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Removal</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Also referred to as <strong>deportation</strong> or <strong>forced return</strong>, an action following an administrative or judicial order by which a state physically returns a non-national from its territory to their country of origin or a third country after refusal of entry or termination of permission to remain.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">For example, in the European Union removal means the enforcement of the obligation to return, namely the physical transportation out of the Member State.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Resettlement</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Resettlement involves the selection and transfer of <strong>refugees </strong>from a country in which they have sought protection to a <strong>third country</strong> that has agreed to admit them - as refugees - with permanent residence status.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The status provided ensures protection against <strong>refoulement</strong> and provides a resettled refugee and their family or dependents with access to rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Resettlement also carries with it the opportunity to eventually become a naturalised citizen of the resettlement country.    </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Thus, resettlement carries three important functions:</p><ol class="rpla-ordered-list rpla-ordered-list--body"><li class="rpla-ordered-list__item">It is a tool to provide <strong>international protection</strong> and meet the specific needs of refugees who are at risk in their <strong>country of asylum</strong>;</li><li class="rpla-ordered-list__item">It is a <strong>durable solution</strong> alongside voluntary repatriation and local integration; and</li><li class="rpla-ordered-list__item">It is an expression of international solidarity and <strong>responsibility sharing</strong> (see <strong>burden sharing</strong>).</li></ol><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Read more:</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f9539fc6-760e-4eda-bddd-d9738670a228" href="/eu/article/what-refugee-resettlement" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one" title="What is refugee resettlement?">What is resettlement?</a></p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body"><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1091be59-44d6-406f-8591-2949a8d0fea5" href="/eu/article/7-things-about-refugee-resettlement-in-eu" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-one" title="7 things to know about refugee resettlement into the EU">7 things to know about resettlement into the EU</a></p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Responsibility sharing</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">See <strong>burden sharing</strong>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Return</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">IOM defines return as a general term, meaning the act or process of going back or being taken back to the point of departure, whether within a country (in the context of <strong>internally displaced persons</strong>) or between countries.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In the European Union, return is the process of a <strong>third-country</strong> national going back - whether in voluntary compliance with an obligation to return, or enforced - to their <strong>country of origin</strong>, a <strong>country of transit</strong>, or another third country to which the individual concerned voluntarily decides to return and where they will be accepted.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Safe country of origin </div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A concept applied in <strong>refugee</strong> status determination procedures (<strong>asylum</strong> procedures) whereby an asylum seeker’s application may be determined under accelerated procedures on the basis that they come from a safe country of origin, and the resulting presumption that their claim is likely to be unfounded.  </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The EU defines a safe country of origin as a country where, “on the basis of the legal situation, the application of the law within a democratic system and the general political circumstances, it can be shown that there is generally and consistently no persecution as defined in the EU Qualifications Directive, no torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and no threat by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict.”</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Safe third country</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A concept used in <strong>asylum</strong> procedures to transfer responsibility for the examination of an asylum request from the host country to another country where the applicant had found, could have found, or, pursuant to a formal (bilateral) agreement, can find <strong>international protection</strong>.    </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The EU defines a safe third country as a third country that treats a person seeking international protection in accordance with key principles: life and liberty are not threatened on account of a protected ground, there is no risk of serious harm, the principle of <strong>non-refoulement</strong> is respected, and the possibility exists to request <strong>refugee</strong> status and, if found to be a refugee, to receive protection in accordance with the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Separated children</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Children, as defined in article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as people under the age of 18, who are outside their <strong>country of origin</strong> and have been separated from both parents, or from their previous legal or customary primary caregiver, but not necessarily from other relatives.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">These may, therefore, include children accompanied by other adult family members.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Smuggling of persons</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the [unauthorised] entry of a person into a country of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Statelessness</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Refers to when a person is not considered as a national by any state under operation of its law. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Subsidiary protection</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A form of <strong>international protection</strong> granted in some countries to persons found not to meet the Refugee Convention definition of a refugee but who face a real risk of serious harm in their country of origin or country of former habitual residence.    </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">For example, the EU defines a ‘person eligible for subsidiary protection’ as a <strong>third country</strong> national or a <strong>stateless</strong> person who does not qualify as a <strong>refugee</strong> but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to his or her <strong>country of origin</strong>, or in the case of a stateless person, to his or her country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm, is not subject to exclusions, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Trafficking in persons</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced [labour] or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">When the person involved is a child, the act is considered trafficking whether or not the means described above have been used. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Transit country</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">A country through which an <strong>asylum seeker</strong>, <strong>refugee</strong>, or <strong>migrant</strong> moves through (regularly or <strong>irregularly</strong>) during their journey to a <strong>country of destination</strong> or back to their <strong>country of origin</strong>.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Torture</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Unaccompanied children</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Also sometimes called ‘<strong>unaccompanied minors</strong>’ are children, as defined in article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as people under the age of 18, who are outside their <strong>country of origin</strong> and have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so. </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Undocumented</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Refers to the present situation, which may be short-term, temporary, or protracted in nature, of an individual who is without immigration status in the country where they reside.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Voluntary departure</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Refers to compliance with the obligation to return within a time-limit fixed for that purpose in  a return decision issued by an administrative or judicial body.</p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Voluntary repatriation</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Referenced in the 1950 UNHCR Statute as one of the permanent solutions (see <strong>durable solution</strong> above) for refugees, UNCHR defines voluntary repatriation as the free and informed return of <strong>refugees</strong> to their <strong>country of origin</strong> in safety and dignity.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Voluntary repatriation may be organised (i.e. when it takes place under the auspices of the concerned states and/or UNHCR) or spontaneous (i.e. when refugees repatriate by their own means with little or no direct involvement from government authorities or UNHCR).  </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2 rpla-toggle-2--body rpla-toggle-2--plus-separators" data-rpl-toggle-2-state="collapsed" data-rpl-state-target><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--top"></div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text-wrapper" data-rpl-state-type="toggle-2-state" data-rpl-state-values="expanded, collapsed"><button class="rpla-toggle-2__caret" role="button" tabindex="0"></button><div class="rpla-toggle-2__text">Voluntary return</div></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__content" data-rpl-toggle-2-content><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Defined by IOM as the assisted or independent return to the <strong>country of origin</strong>, <strong>transit</strong> or <strong>third country</strong>, based on the free will of the returnee.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">Voluntary return is not defined under EU or international law.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">In some countries, such as the US, voluntary return may be effectuated by immigration enforcement authorities at a border.   </p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">IOM further defines assisted voluntary return and reintegration as administrative, logistical, or financial support, including reintegration assistance, to migrants unable or unwilling to remain in the host country or country of transit and who decide to return to their country of origin.</p><p class="rpla-paragraph rpla-paragraph--body">IOM notes that in the context of assisted voluntary return and reintegration, voluntariness is assumed to exist if two conditions apply: (a) freedom of choice, which is defined by the absence of physical or psychological pressure to enroll in an assisted voluntary return and reintegration programme; and (b) an informed decision which requires the availability of timely, unbiased, and reliable information upon which to base the decision.  </p></div><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border-wrapper"><div class="rpla-toggle-2__border rpla-toggle-2__border--bottom"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </main> <script type="text/javascript"> 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rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Glossary of migration terms</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/eu/ethik-hotline" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Ethics Hotline</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="/eu/who-we-are/irc-way" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">Code of Conduct</a></li><li class="rplc-footer-menu__menu-item"><a href="https://de.rescue.org/report/irc-deutschland-jahresbericht-2021" role="link" class="rpla-link rpla-link--type-two rpla-link--subtype-no-underline rpla-link--subtype-no-hover-effect rpla-link--subtype-inverse">IRC Deutschland Annual Report 2021</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="rpll-footer-layout-1__section"><div class="rplc-efficiency"><div class="rplc-efficiency__content"><div class="rplc-efficiency__title" role="heading" aria-level="4">Our efficiency</div><div class="rplc-efficiency__icon-text-wrapper"><div class="rplc-efficiency__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--efficiency"><svg id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 499.5 499.5"><style>.cls-2{fill:#d1d1d1}</style><path class="cls-1" fill="currentColor" d="M411.1 249.7c0 88.8-72 160.8-160.8 160.8s-160.8-72-160.8-160.8 72-160.8 160.8-160.8c49.3 0 93.4 22.2 122.9 57.2L441 89.2C391.4 30 327 0 249.7 0 111.8 0 0 111.8 0 249.7s111.8 249.7 249.7 249.7 249.7-111.8 249.7-249.7h-88.3z"/><path class="cls-3" d="M405.6 208l85.4-22.9c-10-37.3-25.1-66.3-49.9-95.9l-67.8 56.9c14.9 17.7 26.1 38.8 32.3 61.9z"/><path class="cls-2" d="M411.1 249.7h88.4c0-22.1-2.8-43.3-8.5-64.6L405.6 208c3.6 13.3 5.5 27.3 5.5 41.7z"/></svg></div></div><div class="rplc-efficiency__list-wrapper"><ul class="rplc-efficiency__list"><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--first"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">87%</span> Program services</li><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--second"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">7%</span> Management and general</li><li class="rplc-efficiency__list-item rplc-efficiency__list-item--third"><span class="rplc-efficiency__percentage">6%</span> Fundraising</li></ul><div class="rplc-efficiency__below"><a href="https://help.rescue.org/donate-eu/?ms=ws_resq_top_nav_btn_fy24_gen_unres_nm_apr&initialms=ws_resq_top_nav_btn_fy24_gen_unres_nm_apr" class="rpla-button rpla-button--size-medium rpla-button--type-one rpla-button--with-icon rpla-button--icon-position-after" role="button"><span class="rpla-button__text">Donate</span><div class="rpla-button__icon-wrapper"><div class="rpla-icon rpla-icon--heart"><svg clip-rule="evenodd" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="1.414" viewBox="0 0 16 16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.593 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