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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_terms_in_the_House_of_Commons_(1984–1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_terms_in_the_House_of_Commons_(1984–1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First terms in the House of Commons (1984–1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_terms_in_the_House_of_Commons_(1984–1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_politics"> <div 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id="toc-Minister_of_Justice_(2007-2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Justice_(2007-2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Minister of Justice (2007-2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Justice_(2007-2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Defence_(2013-2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Defence_(2013-2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Minister of Defence (2013-2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Defence_(2013-2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nicholson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Robert Nicholson (disambiguation)">Robert Nicholson (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Nicholson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bob Nicholson (disambiguation)">Bob Nicholson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert Nicholson</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_(13996821852)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Rob_Nicholson_-_2014_%2813996821852%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1086" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Nicholson in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Shadow Minister of Justice</a><br />Shadow Attorney General of Canada</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 20, 2015 – September 11, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Boivin" title="Françoise Boivin">Françoise Boivin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Rob Moore</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 9, 2015 – November 4, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 15, 2013 – February 9, 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice<br />Attorney General of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 2007 – July 15, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Leader of the Government in the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – January 4, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Tony Valeri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Democratic_Reform_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Democratic Reform (Canada)">Minister responsible for Democratic Reform</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – January 4, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Democratic Renewal)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)">Niagara Falls</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 28, 2004 – September 11, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baldinelli" title="Tony Baldinelli">Tony Baldinelli</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 4, 1984 – October 25, 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al_MacBain" title="Al MacBain">Al MacBain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Robert Douglas Nicholson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-04-29</span>) </span>April 29, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Before 2003)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–present)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Arlene Nicholson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Windsor_Faculty_of_Law" title="University of Windsor Faculty of Law">University of Windsor</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Douglas Nicholson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span> (born April 29, 1952) is a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> politician who represented the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">riding</a> of <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)">Niagara Falls</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> from 2004 to 2019 as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a>. Under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, he served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Leader of the Government in the House of Commons</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Stephen_Harper" title="Premiership of Stephen Harper">Harper Government</a> ended, he was appointed Justice Critic in the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">shadow cabinet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicholson was born in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-justice1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> and a law degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Windsor" title="University of Windsor">University of Windsor</a>. Nicholson practised law before entering politics, and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Law_Society_of_Ontario" title="Law Society of Ontario">Law Society of Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-justice1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_terms_in_the_House_of_Commons_(1984–1993)"><span id="First_terms_in_the_House_of_Commons_.281984.E2.80.931993.29"></span>First terms in the House of Commons (1984–1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First terms in the House of Commons (1984–1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicholson was first elected to federal parliament in the <a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">federal election of 1984</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democrat</a> Richard Harrington and incumbent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_MacBain" title="Al MacBain">Al MacBain</a>. He was re-elected by a narrower margin in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 election</a>, defeating Liberal <a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a> by fewer than 2,000 votes. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/33rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="33rd Canadian Parliament">33rd Canadian Parliament</a>, he served on the standing committees responsible for justice (vice-chairman), foreign affairs, national defence and transport. Nicholson also served on the special committee on child care.<sup id="cite_ref-Robnicholsonmp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robnicholsonmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/34th_Canadian_Parliament" title="34th Canadian Parliament">34th Canadian Parliament</a>, he continued to serve on the justice committee and was also named a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_secretary" title="Parliamentary secretary">parliamentary secretary</a>, supporting the <a href="/wiki/Government_House_Leader" title="Government House Leader">Government House Leader</a> (1989-1990) and the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Canada">Attorney General of Canada</a> (1989-1993) in <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>'s <a href="/wiki/24th_Canadian_Ministry" title="24th Canadian Ministry">government</a>. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a>'s appointment as prime minister, Nicholson joined the cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Science_(Canada)" title="Minister for Science (Canada)">Minister for Science</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_responsible_for_Small_Business_(Canada)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister responsible for Small Business (Canada) (page does not exist)">Minister responsible for Small Business</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with all of his caucus colleagues, save for <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elsie_Wayne" title="Elsie Wayne">Elsie Wayne</a>, he was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 election</a>, finishing third behind Pillitteri and Mel Grunstein of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_politics">Municipal politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Municipal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicholson was elected as a trustee for the Niagara Catholic District School Board in 1994. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Regional_Council" title="Niagara Regional Council">Niagara Regional Council</a> later in 1997, and was re-elected in 2000, and 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Robnicholsonmp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robnicholsonmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ran for Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Regional Municipality of Niagara</a> in late 2003, but lost to <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a> Regional Councillor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Partington" title="Peter Partington">Peter Partington</a>. </p><p>He attempted to regain his old Commons seat in the <a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 election</a>, but again finished third. He did not seek election to the Commons in the <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Opposition_in_38th_Parliament">Return to Opposition in 38th Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to Opposition in 38th Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Progressive Conservatives merged with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> in early 2004, and Nicholson joined the new party. He was narrowly returned to parliament in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 election</a>, defeating Liberal Victor Pietrangelo by more than 1,000 votes. </p><p>Nicholson served as Shadow Transportation Critic from July 2004 to January 2005. He was appointed Chief Opposition <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Whip</a> on January 28, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Robnicholsonmp_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robnicholsonmp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/38th_Canadian_Parliament" title="38th Canadian Parliament">38th Canadian Parliament</a>, he was one of only two members of the 99-member Conservative caucus in the Commons who had previously served in the federal cabinet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harper_government_(2005-2015)"><span id="Harper_government_.282005-2015.29"></span>Harper government (2005-2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Harper government (2005-2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg/220px-G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg/330px-G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg/440px-G7_Foreign_Ministers_%26_EU_High_Representative_for_Foreign_Affairs_Meeting_in_Lubeck%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4811" data-file-height="3202" /></a><figcaption>Rob Nicholson at <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a> Foreign Ministers & EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs Meeting in Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Secretary_Kerry_Poses_for_a_Photo_in_Inaquit%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4728" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption>Robert Nicholson, U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> with aboriginal northerners at a replica Inuit village in Aglukkaq's hometown of Inaquit, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>Nicholson was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 election</a> and appointed to the Harper cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Government House Leader</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-justice1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minister_of_Justice_(2007-2013)"><span id="Minister_of_Justice_.282007-2013.29"></span>Minister of Justice (2007-2013)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minister of Justice (2007-2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicholson was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada</a> in early 2007. He replaced <a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a> as Justice Minister during a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_shuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet shuffle">Cabinet shuffle</a> on January 4, 2007. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a> replaced Nicholson as Government House Leader. </p><p>On March 13, 2010, Nicholson released the terms of reference for the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Iacobucci" title="Frank Iacobucci">Frank Iacobucci</a> as an Independent Adviser. Iacobucci will conduct an independent review of documents related to the transfer of detainees by the <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_role_in_the_Afghanistan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada's role in the Afghanistan War">Canadian Forces in Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This statement comes after <a href="/wiki/Richard_Colvin_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Colvin (diplomat)">Richard Colvin</a> spoke before a parliamentary committee stating that he warned for a full year that detainees Canadian troops handed over to Afghan forces faced torture before the government began to monitor them. “London, The Hague and Canberra [Australia] are deeply concerned about the absence of solid legal protections for detainees, which – in the age of Gitmo and Abu Ghraib – imperils domestic support for the Afghanistan mission,” said the memo of December 4, 2006, written by diplomat Richard Colvin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amir_Attaran" title="Amir Attaran">Amir Attaran</a> also brought forward testimony in stark contrast to then Canadian Ambassador to Afghanistan <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Sproule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Sproule (page does not exist)">David Sproule</a>'s. Afgan prisoners testified that after capture by Canadians, they were subsequently handed to the custody of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a> (ANA), claiming they were later abused by the ANA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minister_of_Defence_(2013-2015)"><span id="Minister_of_Defence_.282013-2015.29"></span>Minister of Defence (2013-2015)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Minister of Defence (2013-2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the July 15, 2013 cabinet shuffle, Nicholson switched portfolios with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mackay" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Mackay">Peter Mackay</a> and became the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence (Canada)">Minister of Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(2015)"><span id="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_.282015.29"></span>Minister of Foreign Affairs (2015)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Minister of Foreign Affairs (2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of <a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a>'s resignation, Harper was forced to reshuffle his Ministry on 9 February 2015. An unexpected beneficiary of the Baird defalcation was Nicholson, who was promoted to become <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>. Nicholson's time as head of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Foreign_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Foreign Service">Canadian Foreign Service</a> was cut short when he was ejected from office on 4 November 2015 as Harper lost the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Back_in_opposition_(2015-2019)"><span id="Back_in_opposition_.282015-2019.29"></span>Back in opposition (2015-2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Back in opposition (2015-2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While the Conservatives were relegated to the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a>, Nicholson was re-elected and announced his intention to run for the interim leadership of the party. He was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a>, and was subsequently named as the Conservative Justice Critic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholson did not run for re-election in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 federal election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,235</td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.1</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-11.16</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Ron Planche</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,318</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+15.59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Carolynn Ioannoni</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,525</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.9</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Steven Soos</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,633</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.36</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">64,711</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0  </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$249,861.38</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">353</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.34</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">-0.15</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65,064</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">63.93;</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+7.03</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">102,606</span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">-13.38 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,748</td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.26</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.56</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Heather Kelley</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,681</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.49</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+5.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Bev Hodgson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,206</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.91</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-8.00</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Shawn Willick</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,086</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.86</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-4.61</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td>Harold Jonker</td> <td style="text-align:right;">259</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.48</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">53,980</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 264</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.49</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> -0.01</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">54,244 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">56.90</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+2.30 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">95,326</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24,016</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.70%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$77,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Joyce Morocco</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,867</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.96%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-7.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$89,565 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Eric Gillespie</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,186</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.86%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-3.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$18,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Shawn Willick</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,356</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.47%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$7,974 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/Expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">51,425</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">99.5%</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">$94,533</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">264</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.5%</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">51,689</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">54.60%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,489</td> <td style="text-align:right;">40.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Gary Burroughs</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,099</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gates" title="Wayne Gates">Wayne Gates</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,214</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Kay Green</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,402</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.1% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">58,204 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,882</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.7%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-7.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Victor Pietrangelo</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,745</td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-9.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gates" title="Wayne Gates">Wayne Gates</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,680</td> <td style="text-align:right;">20.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+14.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Ted Mousseau</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,071</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.7% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">51,378</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election. </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,868</td> <td style="text-align:right;">38.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-8.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></td> <td>Mel Grunstein</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,986</td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,935</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>John Cowan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,052</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+6.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Alexander Rados</td> <td style="text-align:right;">374</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.9%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E6E6FA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a></td> <td>Bill Amos</td> <td style="text-align:right;">154</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.0% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 41,369</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,542</td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+12.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #3CB371; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform</a></td> <td>Mel Grunstein</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,890</td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,719</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-17.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Steve Leonard</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,470</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-18.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #48D1CC; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Canada" title="National Party of Canada">National</a></td> <td>John Cowan</td> <td style="text-align:right;">513</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>John Bruce McBurney</td> <td style="text-align:right;">258</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.6%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #E6E6FA; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_of_Canada" title="Natural Law Party of Canada">Natural Law</a></td> <td>Bill Amos</td> <td style="text-align:right;">166</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FFFACD; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Abolitionist_Party_of_Canada" title="Abolitionist Party of Canada">Abolitionist</a></td> <td>Ted Wiwchar</td> <td style="text-align:right;">82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">43,640</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,077</td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.5%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-15.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,137</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+15.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Dick Harrington</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,232</td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.3%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Andres" title="William Andres">Bill Andres</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,713</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.0%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #FFA07A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Commonwealth_of_Canada" title="Party for the Commonwealth of Canada">Commonwealth of Canada</a></td> <td>Jean-Claude Souvray</td> <td style="text-align:right;">97</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">43,256 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984 Canadian federal election</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Rob Nicholson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,852</td> <td style="text-align:right;">55.1%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+18.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Richard Harrington</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,863</td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Al MacBain</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,219</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-21.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Robert G. Scott</td> <td style="text-align:right;">352</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.8%</td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #90EE90; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada" title="Social Credit Party of Canada">Social Credit</a></td> <td>Earl G. Erb</td> <td style="text-align:right;">177</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.4%</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-0.1% </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 41,463</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.0%</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_of_Columbus_members" title="List of Knights of Columbus members">List of Knights of Columbus members</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-justice1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-justice1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justice1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justice1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516111801/http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/mag-mpg/index.html">"The Honourable Robert Douglas Nicholson"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbc.ca&rft.atitle=Conservatives+to+elect+interim+leader+on+Nov.+5&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fconservatives-to-elect-interim-leader-on-nov-5-1.3289332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARob+Nicholson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/news-story/9276106-niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term/">"Niagara Falls MP Rob Nicholson will not seek another term"</a>. <i>Niagara Falls Review</i>. April 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Niagara+Falls+Review&rft.atitle=Niagara+Falls+MP+Rob+Nicholson+will+not+seek+another+term&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niagarafallsreview.ca%2Fnews-story%2F9276106-niagara-falls-mp-rob-nicholson-will-not-seek-another-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARob+Nicholson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/Scripts/vis/candidates?L=e&ED=35067&EV=41&EV_TYPE=1&PC=&PROV=ON&PROVID=35&MAPID=&QID=8&PAGEID=17&TPAGEID=&PD=&STAT_CODE_ID=-1">Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Niagara Falls, 30 September 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content2.aspx?section=can&dir=cand/canlim&document=index&lang=e">Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Nicholson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/profileredirect?affiliationId=170414">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=2815">Rob Nicholson – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openparliament.ca/politicians/rob-nicholson/">Speeches, votes and activity</a> at OpenParliament.ca</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Al_MacBain" title="Al MacBain">Al MacBain</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)">Niagara Falls</a> </b><br />1984–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Pillitteri" title="Gary Pillitteri">Gary Pillitteri</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Niagara Falls (federal electoral district)">Niagara Falls</a> </b><br />2004–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #9999FF" colspan="3"><b>25th Ministry – Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th colspan="3">Cabinet post (1) </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Predecessor </th> <th scope="col" style="width:290px;text-align:center;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Successor </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><span class="nowrap"> </span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Minister of Science</b><br />1993 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><span class="nowrap"> </span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Special Cabinet Responsibilities </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:110px">Predecessor </th> <th style="width:290px">Title </th> <th style="width:110px">Successor </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><span class="nowrap"> </span></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Minister responsible for Small Business</b><br />1993 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><span class="nowrap"> </span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; border-top: 5px solid #6495ED" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/The_Harper_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="The Harper cabinet">28th Ministry</a> – Cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Special Parliamentary Responsibilities </th></tr> <tr> <th width="110">Predecessor </th> <th width="290">Title </th> <th width="110">Successor </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tony_Valeri" title="Tony Valeri">Tony Valeri</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Leader of the Government in the House of Commons</a></b><br />2006–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Special Cabinet Responsibilities </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:110px">Predecessor </th> <th style="width:290px">Title </th> <th style="width:110px">Successor </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Stronach" title="Belinda Stronach">Belinda Stronach</a><br /><i><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;">as Minister responsible for Democratic Renewal</span></span></i></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Democratic_Reform_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for Democratic Reform (Canada)">Minister responsible for Democratic Reform</a></b><br />2006–2007 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th colspan="3">Cabinet posts (3) </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Predecessor </th> <th scope="col" style="width:290px;text-align:center;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width:110px;text-align:center;">Successor </th></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice</a></b><br />2007–2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></b> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint"> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Minister of National Defence</a></b><br />2013–2015 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a></b> 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Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Michelle Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Gerry Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Gail Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Skelton" title="Carol Skelton">Carol Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Monte Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sorenson" title="Kevin Sorenson">Kevin Sorenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Greg Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Vic Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Bernard Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong" title="Alice Wong">Alice Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Yelich" title="Lynne Yelich">Lynne Yelich</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Kim_Campbell_(1993)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kim_Campbell_Ministry" title="Template:Kim Campbell Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kim_Campbell_Ministry" title="Template talk:Kim Campbell Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kim_Campbell_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kim Campbell Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Kim_Campbell_(1993)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/25th_Canadian_Ministry" title="25th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a> (1993)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Kim Campbell</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Perrin Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Blais" title="Pierre Blais">Pierre Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Browes" title="Pauline Browes">Pauline Browes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Mary Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corbeil" title="Jean Corbeil">Jean Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Paul Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edwards_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jim Edwards (Canadian politician)">Jim Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hockin" title="Tom Hockin">Tom Hockin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Landry" title="Monique Landry">Monique Landry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Doug Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Loiselle" title="Gilles Loiselle">Gilles Loiselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCreath" title="Peter McCreath">Peter McCreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mayer_(politician)" title="Charles Mayer (politician)">Charles Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Murray" title="Lowell Murray">Lowell Murray</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rob Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Reid_(politician)" title="Ross Reid (politician)">Ross Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schneider_(politician)" title="Larry Schneider (politician)">Larry Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Siddon" title="Tom Siddon">Tom Siddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbie_Sparrow" title="Bobbie Sparrow">Bobbie Sparrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Turner" title="Garth Turner">Garth Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Bernard Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_H._Vincent" title="Pierre H. Vincent">Pierre H. Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Weiner" title="Gerry Weiner">Gerry Weiner</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_justice_and_attorneys_general" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_justice_and_attorneys_general" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Ministers of justice and attorneys general</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Aim%C3%A9_Dorion" title="Antoine-Aimé Dorion">Dorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Smith" title="Albert James Smith">Smith</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lesphore_Fournier" title="Télesphore Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Laflamme" title="Rodolphe Laflamme">Laflamme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hibbert_Tupper" title="Charles Hibbert Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mayne_Daly" title="Thomas Mayne Daly">Daly</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rupert_Dickey" title="Arthur Rupert Dickey">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mowat" title="Oliver Mowat">Mowat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mills_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Mills (Canadian politician)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fitzpatrick" title="Charles Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Bristol_Aylesworth" title="Allen Bristol Aylesworth">Aylesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Doherty" title="Charles Doherty">Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomer_Gouin" title="Lomer Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esioff-L%C3%A9on_Patenaude" title="Esioff-Léon Patenaude">Patenaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reginald_Geary" title="George Reginald Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lorimer_Ilsley" title="James Lorimer Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Garson" title="Stuart Garson">Garson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Fulton" title="Davie Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fleming" title="Donald Fleming">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Chevrier" title="Lionel Chevrier">Chevrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Favreau" title="Guy Favreau">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Basford" title="Ron Basford">Basford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Flynn" title="Jacques Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacGuigan" title="Mark MacGuigan">MacGuigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hnatyshyn" title="Ray Hnatyshyn">Hnatyshyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Blais" title="Pierre Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Rock" title="Allan Rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cauchon" title="Martin Cauchon">Cauchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Cotler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Toews</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lametti" title="David Lametti">Lametti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_defence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Defence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Defence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_defence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of defence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Militia_and_Defence_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Militia and Defence (Canada)">Ministers of militia and defence</a> (1867–1923)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George-%C3%89tienne_Cartier" title="George-Étienne Cartier">Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_McDonald_(politician)" title="Hugh McDonald (politician)">McDonald </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Ross (Canadian politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Berrian_Vail" title="William Berrian Vail">Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilpin_Jones" title="Alfred Gilpin Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Rodrigue_Masson" title="Louis-Rodrigue Masson">Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Philippe_Caron" title="Adolphe-Philippe Caron">Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Colebrooke_Patterson" title="James Colebrooke Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rupert_Dickey" title="Arthur Rupert Dickey">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Desjardins_(politician)" title="Alphonse Desjardins (politician)">Desjardins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tisdale" title="David Tisdale">Tisdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Borden" title="Frederick William Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hughes" title="Sam Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chilton_Mewburn" title="Sydney Chilton Mewburn">Mewburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alexander_Calder" title="James Alexander Calder">Calder</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">Ministers of national defence</a> (1923–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Mortimer_Macdonald" title="Edward Mortimer Macdonald">E. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robb_(politician)" title="James Robb (politician)">Robb</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grote_Stirling" title="Grote Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_McLeod_Rogers" title="Norman McLeod Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McNaughton" title="Andrew McNaughton">McNaughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Claxton" title="Brooke Claxton">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pearkes" title="George Pearkes">Pearkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harkness" title="Douglas Harkness">Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stovel_Macdonald" title="Donald Stovel Macdonald">D. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Armstrong_Richardson" title="James Armstrong Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Danson" title="Barney Danson">Danson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McKinnon" title="Allan McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Blais" title="Jean-Jacques Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coates_(politician)" title="Robert Coates (politician)">Coates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen" title="Erik Nielsen">Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McKnight" title="Bill McKnight">McKnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Masse" title="Marcel Masse">Masse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Siddon" title="Tom Siddon">Siddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pratt_(politician)" title="David Pratt (politician)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">B. Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Blair_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Blair (politician)">Blair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate ministers of national defence (1953–2013, 2015–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Campney" title="Ralph Campney">Campney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hellyer" title="Paul Hellyer">Hellyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_S%C3%A9vigny_(politician)" title="Pierre Sévigny (politician)">Sévigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Cadieux" title="Léo Cadieux">Cadieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvie_Andre" title="Harvie Andre">Andre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dick" title="Paul Dick">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina_Guarnieri" title="Albina Guarnieri">Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauril_B%C3%A9langer" title="Mauril Bélanger">Bélanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of the naval service (1910–22)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Brodeur" title="Louis-Philippe Brodeur">Brodeur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Lemieux" title="Rodolphe Lemieux">Lemieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Hazen" class="mw-redirect" title="John Douglas Hazen">Hazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ballantyne" title="Charles Ballantyne">Ballantyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Perry_Graham" title="George Perry Graham">G. Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Ministers of the overseas military forces (1916–20)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Halsey_Perley" title="George Halsey Perley">Perley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_Edward_Kemp" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Edward Kemp">Kemp</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World War II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Air_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Air (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for air</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a> (acting)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Colin_W._G._Gibson" title="Colin W. G. Gibson">Gibson</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_for_Naval_Services_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence for Naval Services (Canada)">Ministers of national defence for naval services</a> (1940–46)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angus_Lewis_Macdonald" title="Angus Lewis Macdonald">Macdonald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Abbott" title="Douglas Abbott">Abbott</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ministers of national war services (1940–48)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Garfield_Gardiner" title="James Garfield Gardiner">Gardiner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thorarinn_Thorson" title="Joseph Thorarinn Thorson">Thorson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Richer_Lafl%C3%A8che" title="Léo Richer Laflèche">Laflèche</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_McCann" title="James Joseph McCann">McCann</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Foreign Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_foreign_affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of foreign affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries of state for external affairs (1909–83)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murphy_(Canadian_politician)" title="Charles Murphy (Canadian politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Roche" title="William James Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Earle_Smith" title="Sidney Earle Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">Diefenbaker</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Charles_Green" title="Howard Charles Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Sharp" title="Mitchell Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Jamieson_(politician)" title="Don Jamieson (politician)">Jamieson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_MacDonald_(politician)" title="Flora MacDonald (politician)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacGuigan" title="Mark MacGuigan">MacGuigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of external affairs (1983–95)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McDougall" title="Barbara McDougall">McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of foreign affairs (1995–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ouellet" title="André Ouellet">Ouellet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Axworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Manley" title="John Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Graham_(Canadian_politician)" title="Bill Graham (Canadian politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Fast</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Philippe_Champagne" title="François-Philippe Champagne">Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Joly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1566929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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