iconv

<html> <head> <title>iconv</title> <META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="iconv"> </head> <body BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#0000ff" ALINK="#0000ff" TEXT="#000000"> <center> <h1>iconv</h1></center> <PRE> <A HREF="/man1/ICONV">ICONV(1)</A> Linux User Manual <A HREF="/man1/ICONV">ICONV(1)</A> NAME iconv - convert text from one character encoding to another SYNOPSIS iconv [options] [-f from-encoding] [-t to-encoding] [inputfile]... DESCRIPTION The iconv program reads in text in one encoding and outputs the text in another encoding. If no input files are given, or if it is given as a dash (-), iconv reads from standard input. If no output file is given, iconv writes to standard output. If no from-encoding is given, the default is derived from the current locale's character encoding. If no to-encoding is given, the default is derived from the current locale's character encoding. OPTIONS -f from-encoding, --from-code=from-encoding Use from-encoding for input characters. -t to-encoding, --to-code=to-encoding Use to-encoding for output characters. If the string //IGNORE is appended to to-encoding, characters that cannot be converted are discarded and an error is printed after conversion. If the string //TRANSLIT is appended to to-encoding, characters being converted are transliterated when needed and possible. This means that when a character cannot be represented in the target character set, it can be approximated through one or sev- eral similar looking characters. Characters that are outside of the target character set and cannot be transliterated are re- placed with a question mark (?) in the output. -l, --list List all known character set encodings. -c Silently discard characters that cannot be converted instead of terminating when encountering such characters. -o outputfile, --output=outputfile Use outputfile for output. -s, --silent This option is ignored; it is provided only for compatibility. --verbose Print progress information on standard error when processing multiple files. -?, --help Print a usage summary and exit. --usage Print a short usage summary and exit. -V, --version Print the version number, license, and disclaimer of warranty for iconv. EXIT STATUS Zero on success, nonzero on errors. ENVIRONMENT Internally, the iconv program uses the <A HREF="/man3/iconv">iconv(3)</A> function which in turn uses gconv modules (dynamically loaded shared libraries) to convert to and from a character set. Before calling <A HREF="/man3/iconv">iconv(3)</A>, the iconv program must first allocate a conversion descriptor using <A HREF="/man3/iconv_open">iconv_open(3)</A>. The operation of the latter function is influenced by the setting of the GCONV_PATH environment variable: * If GCONV_PATH is not set, <A HREF="/man3/iconv_open">iconv_open(3)</A> loads the system gconv mod- ule configuration cache file created by <A HREF="/man8/iconvconfig">iconvconfig(8)</A> and then, based on the configuration, loads the gconv modules needed to per- form the conversion. If the system gconv module configuration cache file is not available then the system gconv module configuration file is used. * If GCONV_PATH is defined (as a colon-separated list of pathnames), the system gconv module configuration cache is not used. Instead, <A HREF="/man3/iconv_open">iconv_open(3)</A> first tries to load the configuration files by search- ing the directories in GCONV_PATH in order, followed by the system default gconv module configuration file. If a directory does not contain a gconv module configuration file, any gconv modules that it may contain are ignored. If a directory contains a gconv module configuration file and it is determined that a module needed for this conversion is available in the directory, then the needed mod- ule is loaded from that directory, the order being such that the first suitable module found in GCONV_PATH is used. This allows users to use custom modules and even replace system-provided modules by providing such modules in GCONV_PATH directories. FILES /usr/lib/gconv Usual default gconv module path. /usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules Usual system default gconv module configuration file. /usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules.cache Usual system gconv module configuration cache. CONFORMING TO POSIX.1-2001. EXAMPLE Convert text from the ISO 8859-15 character encoding to UTF-8: $ iconv -f ISO-8859-15 -t UTF-8 < input.txt > output.txt The next example converts from UTF-8 to ASCII, transliterating when possible: $ echo abc ss <alpha> EUR ac | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ASCII//TRANSLIT abc ss ? EUR abc SEE ALSO <A HREF="/man1/locale">locale(1)</A>, <A HREF="/man1/uconv">uconv(1)</A>, <A HREF="/man3/iconv">iconv(3)</A>, <A HREF="/man3/nl_langinfo">nl_langinfo(3)</A>, <A HREF="/man7/charsets">charsets(7)</A>, iconvcon- <A HREF="/man8/fig">fig(8)</A> COLOPHON This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/. GNU 2019-03-06 <A HREF="/man1/ICONV">ICONV(1)</A></PRE> <center> <h6>Man Pages Copyright Respective Owners. Site Copyright (C) 1994 - 2025 <a href="http://www.he.net">Hurricane Electric</a>. 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