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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etikens_områden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etikens_områden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etikens områden</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etikens_områden-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Etikens områden</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etikens_områden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metaetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metaetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Metaetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metaetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Normativ_etik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Normativ_etik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Normativ etik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Normativ_etik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tillämpad_etik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tillämpad_etik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tillämpad etik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tillämpad_etik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symmetri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symmetri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symmetri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symmetri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Referenser</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Etik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 143 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">143 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiek" title="Etiek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Etiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethik" title="Ethik – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ethik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%9D%E1%8C%8D%E1%89%A3%E1%88%AD" title="ሥነ ምግባር – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ምግባር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नैतिकता – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नैतिकता" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="أخلاقيات – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أخلاقيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etica" title="Etica – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Etica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tika" title="Étika – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Étika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اخلاق فلسفه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اخلاق فلسفه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="নীতিশাস্ত্র – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নীতিশাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBn-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Lûn-lí-ha̍k – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lûn-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этыка – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Этыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этыка – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Етика – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethik" title="Ethik – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ethik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhezegezh" title="Buhezegezh – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buhezegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tica" title="Ètica – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeseg" title="Moeseg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Moeseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik" title="Etik – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethik" title="Ethik – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eetika" title="Eetika – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ηθική – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηθική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ethics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiko" title="Etiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="فلسفه اخلاق – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلسفه اخلاق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ethics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B0afr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Siðafrøði – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Siðafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89thique" title="Éthique – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Éthique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etyk" title="Etyk – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Etyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eitic" title="Eitic – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eitic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="倫理學 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="倫理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nin%E1%BB%8Dm%E1%BA%B9" title="Ninọmẹ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Ninọmẹ" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="윤리학 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윤리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Էթիկա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էթիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतिशास्त्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीतिशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiko" title="Etiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Etiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ethica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B0fr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Siðfræði – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Siðfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etica" title="Etica – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8" title="פילוסופיה של המוסר – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פילוסופיה של המוסר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tika" title="Étika – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Étika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiiki_(%C3%A9thique)" title="Etiiki (éthique) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Etiiki (éthique)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ეთიკა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეთიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewnhynsegieth" title="Ewnhynsegieth – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ewnhynsegieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maadili" title="Maadili – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maadili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiik" title="Etiik – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Etiik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tik" title="Étik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Étik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exlaq" title="Exlaq – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Exlaq" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etica" title="Etica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Etica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B3" title="ຈະລິຍະທຳ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈະລິຍະທຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethica" title="Ethica – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ethica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92tika" title="Ētika – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eethik" title="Eethik – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eethik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Эдеб – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Эдеб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiek" title="Ethiek – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ethiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etica" title="Etica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Etica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/marde" title="marde – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="marde" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomampisa" title="Essomampisa – luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomampisa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etega" title="Etega – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika_(filoz%C3%B3fia)" title="Etika (filozófia) – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etika (filozófia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="नैतिकता – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नैतिकता" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Етика – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="നീതിശാസ്ത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നീതിശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतिशास्त्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नीतिशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ეთიკა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეთიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Этикась – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Этикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Ёс зүй – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ёс зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လူ့ကျင့်ဝတ် – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူ့ကျင့်ဝတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savasava" title="Savasava – fijianska" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Savasava" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiek" title="Ethiek – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ethiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="नीतिशास्त्र – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नीतिशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="倫理学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="倫理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eetik" title="Eetik – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eetik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etikk" title="Etikk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etikk" title="Etikk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etica" title="Etica – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakkoo(Ethics)" title="Sakkoo(Ethics) – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sakkoo(Ethics)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਨੀਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ورتن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ورتن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82" title="اخلاق – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اخلاق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etix" title="Etix – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Etix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%91" title="ចរិយាមារយាទ – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចរិយាមារយាទ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethik" title="Ethik – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ethik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etyka" title="Etyka – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tica" title="Ética – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl%C3%A2q" title="Ahlâq – krimtatariska" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ahlâq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etic%C4%83" title="Etică – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Etică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Етіка – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Етіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88tica" title="Ètica – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ètica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="සදාචාරය – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සදාචාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ethics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اخلاقيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اخلاقيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%81%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="فەلسەفەی ڕەوشت – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەلسەفەی ڕەوشت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Етика – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tika" title="Étika – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Étika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiikka" title="Etiikka – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="நன்னெறி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நன்னெறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Этика – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Этика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="จริยธรรม – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จริยธรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%91%D1%82" title="Ахлоқиёт – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахлоқиёт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik" title="Etik – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Етика – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اخلاقیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اخلاقیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lwnzleixyoz" title="Lwnzleixyoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lwnzleixyoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik" title="Etik – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Etik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%A2n_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Luân lý học – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luân lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik%C3%A1" title="Etiká – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Etiká" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="倫理學 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="倫理學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matikhomele" title="Matikhomele – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Matikhomele" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מידות – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מידות" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="倫理學 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="倫理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik" title="Etik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Etik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C4%97ka" title="Etėka – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Etėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伦理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika" title="Etika – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Etika" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etik%C9%99" title="Etikə – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Etikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9465#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Etik" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Etik" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl class="noexcerpt dablink"><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Etik_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Etik (olika betydelser)">Etik (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p><b>Etik</b> (från <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">gr.</a> <i>ethos</i>, 'etos', 'sed') är en vetenskaplig gren som studerar frågor kopplade till vår <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a>. Som akademisk disciplin sorteras den under <a href="/wiki/Praktisk_filosofi" title="Praktisk filosofi">praktisk filosofi</a> (<b>moralfilosofi</b>), men studeras även inom andra fält. </p><p>Som en vetenskap om moralen studerar den frågor såsom vad som utgör moraliska påbud, hur moraliska konventioner kan berättigas, moraliska omdömens semantiska funktion och frågor om moralens existens och <a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">metafysik</a>. Etiken behandlar också kritiskt frågorna om vad som utmärker en god handling och vad som kännetecknar en god människa. Studiet av etik brukar delas in i tre underområden: <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">normativ etik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">metaetik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Till%C3%A4mpad_etik" title="Tillämpad etik">tillämpad etik</a>. </p><p>De olika normativa etiklärorna delas ofta upp i tre huvudgrupper: <a href="/wiki/Konsekventialism" title="Konsekventialism">teleologiska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deontologi" title="Deontologi">deontologiska</a> och <a href="/wiki/Dygdetik" title="Dygdetik">dygdetiska</a>. Den förstnämnda gruppen hävdar att det är handlingens konsekvenser som avgör en handlings riktighet. Den andra talar istället om absoluta principer som det alltid är fel att bryta mot oavsett konsekvenserna (exempelvis "det är alltid fel att döda"). Den sistnämnda lägger istället vikten vid hur agenten (individen som handlar) bör vara. Exempel på olika teleologiska modeller är <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">utilitarism</a> och <a href="/wiki/Egoism" class="mw-disambig" title="Egoism">egoism</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:S%C3%A4rskiljning" title="Wikipedia:Särskiljning">[<span title="Det finns flera subjekt med detta artikelnamn (2018-11)"><i>särskiljning behövs</i></span>]</a></sup>. De deontologiska modeller går att dela upp i två undergrupper, regel- och handlingsdeontologiska. Exempel på deontologiska modeller är olika teorier om mänskliga rättigheter. </p><p>Den vanliga uppfattningen är att <a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">moral</a> (av latin) är människors uppfattningar om vad som är rätt och gott. Det är föreställningar som i högsta grad varierar mellan skilda kulturer och sociala kontexter. Etiken är det teoretiska och kritiska studiet av dessa skilda moraluppfattningar liksom av det moraliska språket. Det innebär att etiken är vetenskapen om moralen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etikens_områden"><span id="Etikens_omr.C3.A5den"></span>Etikens områden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etikens områden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etikens områden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Etikpyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Etikpyramid.svg/350px-Etikpyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Etikpyramid.svg/525px-Etikpyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Etikpyramid.svg/700px-Etikpyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>En förenklad bild, i form av en pyramid, av förhållandet mellan etikens delområden.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metaetik">Metaetik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Metaetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Metaetik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Metaetik är den mest betydelsefulla delen av vad som allmänt kallas <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeteori" title="Värdeteori">värdeteori</a>, det vill säga studiet av moraliska omdömen och frågan om värden har en självständig existens. Metaetik kan också benämnas etisk teori. Den behandlar framför allt tre frågeställningar. Den första är den kunskapsteoretiska frågan, som gäller hur moraliska omdömen kan berättigas. Den andra är den semantiska frågan, som gäller vilken semantisk funktion moraliska omdömen har. Den tredje är den värdeontologiska frågan, som gäller huruvida värden har en självständig existens eller kan förstås som mänskliga konstruktioner. </p><p>I svensk filosofi har ofta förespråkats en <a href="/wiki/Emotivism" title="Emotivism">emotivistisk</a> teori, som hävdar att moraliska omdömen har praktisk funktion och saknar sanningsvärde. Ett viktigt alternativ till denna ståndpunkt är den moraliska realismen, som hävdar att det finns moraliska sanningar. Ett tredje alternativ är en etisk konstruktivism, som antar att värden är sociala konstruktioner men som ändå menar att det är möjligt att ge rationella skäl för att ett moraliskt omdöme är berättigat. Metaetiken eller den etiska teorin kan sålunda sägas ha moraliska värden och värderingar som studieobjekt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Normativ_etik">Normativ etik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Normativ etik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Normativ etik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Normativ etik betecknar det filosofiska studiet av frågan om vad som kännetecknar en rätt handling och vilka mänskliga karaktärsegenskaper som är goda. Inom den normativa etiken är särskilt tre teorier av stor betydelse. Den första är en aristotelisk <a href="/wiki/Dygdetik" title="Dygdetik">dygdetik</a>, som hävdar att den centrala etiska frågan gäller vad som utmärker en god människa, inte frågan om vad som är rätt. Aristoteles hävdade att det som gör en människa god är att hon realiserar ett sådant liv som är karaktäristiskt för arten människan. </p><p>Den andra betydelsefulla etiska teorin är <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">utilitarismen</a>. Den hävdar att det som gör en handling rätt är att den medför bättre eller mindre dåliga konsekvenser för alla människor än varje annat handlingsalternativ. Den klassiska utilitarismen, som företräddes av <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> och <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a>, hävdade att det som har värde i sig är lycka eller välbefinnande. Idag förespråkas ofta en <a href="/wiki/Preferensutilitarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Preferensutilitarism">preferensutilitarism</a>, enligt vilken en rätt handling tillgodoser preferenserna hos dem som är berörda. </p><p>En tredje viktig normativ etisk teori är en kantiansk etik, som ofta också kallas deontologisk. Den hävdar att en handling kan vara rätt oberoende av vilka konsekvenser den medför. Enligt <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> är kriterier på en giltig maxim (handlingsregel) att den motsägelsefritt kan upphöjas till allmän lag. Detta betyder också att den ska stämma överens med en människovärdesprincip, enligt vilken vi skall behandla mänskligheten i varje människa inte bara som medel utan alltid också som ändamål. </p><p>I en snävare betydelse kan "normativ etik" även användas för att beteckna specifika etiska system.<sup id="cite_ref-norm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norm-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tillämpad_etik"><span id="Till.C3.A4mpad_etik"></span>Tillämpad etik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tillämpad etik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tillämpad etik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel hatnote" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Till%C3%A4mpad_etik" title="Tillämpad etik">Tillämpad etik</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Om den normativa etiken kan sägas ha till uppgift att formulera hållbara moralprinciper, så kan den tillämpade etiken sägas vara tillämpandet av dessa principer på konkreta etiska problem. Den tillämpade etiken är ett snabbt växande ämne. Ett särskilt uppmärksammat område inom den tillämpade etiken, alltsedan <a href="/wiki/Hippokrates_ed" title="Hippokrates ed">Hippokrates läkared</a>, är <a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_etik" title="Medicinsk etik">medicinsk etik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Andra exempel på yrkesetik och tillämpningsområden, där yrkesspecifika <a href="/wiki/Hederskodex" class="mw-redirect" title="Hederskodex">hederskodex</a> ofta har formulerats, är: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalistik#Journalisternas_yrkesetik" title="Journalistik">Journalisternas yrkesetik</a> och <a href="/wiki/Pressetik" title="Pressetik">pressetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forskningsetik" title="Forskningsetik">Forskningsetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioetik" title="Bioetik">Bioetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT-etik" title="IT-etik">IT-etik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingenj%C3%B6rsetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingenjörsetik [inte skriven än]">Ingenjörsetik</a>, Ingenjörernas hederskodex<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kriterier för <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5llbar_utveckling" title="Hållbar utveckling">hållbar utveckling</a> av produkter och tjänster, innefattande <a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6etik" title="Miljöetik">miljöetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbetsmilj%C3%B6" title="Arbetsmiljö">arbetsmiljöfrågor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livscykelanalys" title="Livscykelanalys">livscykelanalys</a> av produkter, global och rättvis <a href="/wiki/Tillg%C3%A4nglighet_f%C3%B6r_personer_med_funktionsneds%C3%A4ttning" title="Tillgänglighet för personer med funktionsnedsättning">tillgänglighet</a> till ny teknik, exempelvis <a href="/wiki/Tillg%C3%A4nglighet_f%C3%B6r_personer_med_funktionsneds%C3%A4ttning" title="Tillgänglighet för personer med funktionsnedsättning">tillgänglighet för personer med funktionsnedsättning</a>.</li> <li>Bo Dahlbom, Lars Mathiassen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yrkesetik_f%C3%B6r_datavetare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yrkesetik för datavetare [inte skriven än]">Yrkesetik för datavetare</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symmetri">Symmetri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Symmetri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Symmetri"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inom bland annat <a href="/wiki/Familjeterapi" title="Familjeterapi">parterapi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Egalitarism" title="Egalitarism">jämlikhetssträvan</a> talas ibland om <i>symmetrisk</i> och <i>komplementär</i> etik,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där den förstnämnda syftar på situationer eller mål att ha lika mycket makt i en relation. Den komplementära etiken ses då som en möjlighet att komplementera eller kompensera brister i maktjämlikhet i relationen. </p><p>Filosofen <a href="/wiki/Jonna_Bornemark" title="Jonna Bornemark">Jonna Bornemark</a> talar i <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" title="Theodor Adorno">Adornos</a> och <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Levinas</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> efterföljd istället om <i>asymmetrisk</i> etik, där man utgår från en situation med olika makt och hanterar det därifrån. En sådan relation är enligt Bornemark <a href="/wiki/Graviditet" title="Graviditet">graviditeten</a>, där någon bor inuti en kvinnas kropp och där de båda har olika mycket över situationen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En sådan situation kan också röra olika sorters maktlekar, inklusive inom <a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där en person i en lek ges makt att hantera situationen åt dem båda. Makten behöver då kombineras med ett ökat <a href="/wiki/Moraliskt_ansvar" title="Moraliskt ansvar">ansvar</a> för situationen<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och kan då förutsätta en avancerad form av jämlikhet och <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mst%C3%A4lldhet" title="Jämställdhet">jämställdhet</a> mellan parterna.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">Altruism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etisk_fond" title="Etisk fond">Etisk fond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_gyllene_regeln" title="Den gyllene regeln">Den gyllene regeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godhet" title="Godhet">Godhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral" title="Moral">Moral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moralisk_skepticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Moralisk skepticism">Moralisk skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empati" title="Empati">Empati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturlig_lag" title="Naturlig lag">Naturlig lag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ondska" title="Ondska">Ondska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttvisa" title="Rättvisa">Rättvisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdegrund" title="Värdegrund">Värdegrund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rdeteori" title="Värdeteori">Värdeteori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IT-etik" title="IT-etik">IT-etik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Collste" title="Göran Collste">Collste, Göran</a>, <i>Inledning till etiken</i>. 4 uppl. Lund 2019. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-44-11953-3" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-44-11953-3">ISBN 978-91-44-11953-3</a>* Artikeln <i>etik</i> från <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedins</a> internettjänst. Hämtat 2007-12-04.</li> <li>Grenholm, Carl-Henric, <i>Etisk teori. Kritik av moralen.</i> Lund 2014. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-44-101781" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-44-101781">ISBN 978-91-44-101781</a>.</li> <li>Rachels, James: <i>The Elements of Moral Philosophy</i>. 2 uppl. McGraw-Hill, New York 1993.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noter">Noter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-norm-1"><a href="#cite_ref-norm_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Artikeln <i>normativ etik</i> från <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedins</a> internettjänst. Hämtat 2007-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Artikeln <i>tillämpad etik</i> från <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedins</a> internettjänst. Hämtat 2007-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028093447/http://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/om_forbundet/Sidor/hederskodex.aspx">”Hederskodex”</a>. Sveriges Ingenjörer. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/om-forbundet/organisation/hederskodex/">originalet</a> den 28 oktober 2011<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028093447/http://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/om_forbundet/Sidor/hederskodex.aspx">https://web.archive.org/web/20111028093447/http://www.sverigesingenjorer.se/om_forbundet/Sidor/hederskodex.aspx</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 maj 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Hederskodex&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Sveriges+Ingenj%C3%B6rer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20111028093447%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.sverigesingenjorer.se%2Fom_forbundet%2FSidor%2Fhederskodex.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maja_Fj%C3%A6stad" title="Maja Fjæstad">Maja Fjæstad</a>, teknikhistoriker KTH, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingenjorshistoria.se/area/inghist/igenjorernas_hederskodex">Ingenjörernas hederkodex - historik</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics">Code of Ethics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.cs.vt.edu/~cs3604/lib/WorldCodes/ACM.Commentary.html">A Scandinavian View on ACM's Code of Ethics</a> with Swedish Ethical Rules for Computer Professionals.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Svenska_industritj%C3%A4nstemannaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska industritjänstemannaförbundet">Svenska industritjänstemannaförbundet</a> (SIF), <a href="/wiki/Svenska_Bankmannaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Svenska Bankmannaförbundet">Svenska Bankmannaförbundet</a> (SBmf) och <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rs%C3%A4kringstj%C3%A4nstemannaf%C3%B6rbundet" class="mw-redirect" title="Försäkringstjänstemannaförbundet">Försäkringstjänstemannaförbundet</a> (FTF), <i>Etik för datafolk</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFMöllås,_Hanna2025">Möllås, Hanna (26 juli 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lustpodden.se/poddavsnitt">”Poddavsnitt och tips”</a>. <i><span>Lustpodden #89</span></i>. sid. 19min–<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://lustpodden.se/poddavsnitt">https://lustpodden.se/poddavsnitt</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Poddavsnitt+och+tips&rft.atitle=Lustpodden+%2389&rft.aulast=M%C3%B6ll%C3%A5s%2C+Hanna&rft.au=M%C3%B6ll%C3%A5s%2C+Hanna&rft.date=26+juli+2022&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B19min%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flustpodden.se%2Fpoddavsnitt&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438480251-013/html">Equality, Justice, and Asymmetrical Ethics</a></i>. SUNY Press. 2020-12-01. sid. 263–284. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515%2F9781438480251-013">10.1515/9781438480251-013</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-1-4384-8025-1" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-1-4384-8025-1">ISBN 978-1-4384-8025-1</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438480251-013/html">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438480251-013/html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2024</span></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Equality%2C+Justice%2C+and+Asymmetrical+Ethics&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B263%E2%80%93284&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2F9781438480251-013&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-8025-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9781438480251-013%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFMolander,_Matilda2024">Molander, Matilda (19 november 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberaldebatt.se/2024/11/vad-betyder-frihet-nar-en-annan-lever-i-dig/">”Intervju med Jonna Bornemark: Vad betyder frihet när en annan lever i dig?”</a>. <i><span>Liberal Debatt</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.liberaldebatt.se/2024/11/vad-betyder-frihet-nar-en-annan-lever-i-dig/">https://www.liberaldebatt.se/2024/11/vad-betyder-frihet-nar-en-annan-lever-i-dig/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Intervju+med+Jonna+Bornemark%3A+Vad+betyder+frihet+n%C3%A4r+en+annan+lever+i+dig%3F&rft.atitle=Liberal+Debatt&rft.aulast=Molander%2C+Matilda&rft.au=Molander%2C+Matilda&rft.date=19+november+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberaldebatt.se%2F2024%2F11%2Fvad-betyder-frihet-nar-en-annan-lever-i-dig%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFGregorio2022">Gregorio, Josefin de (3 april 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svd.se/a/0GAKmo/recension-jag-ar-himmel-och-hav-av-jonna-bornemark">”Graviditeten väcker en massa obekväma frågor | Josefin de Gregorio”</a>. <i>Svenska Dagbladet</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1101-2412">1101-2412</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.svd.se/a/0GAKmo/recension-jag-ar-himmel-och-hav-av-jonna-bornemark">https://www.svd.se/a/0GAKmo/recension-jag-ar-himmel-och-hav-av-jonna-bornemark</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Graviditeten+v%C3%A4cker+en+massa+obekv%C3%A4ma+fr%C3%A5gor+%7C+Josefin+de+Gregorio&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.aulast=Gregorio&rft.aufirst=Josefin+de&rft.au=Gregorio%2C+Josefin+de&rft.date=3+april+2022&rft.issn=1101-2412&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2Fa%2F0GAKmo%2Frecension-jag-ar-himmel-och-hav-av-jonna-bornemark&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBornäs,_Hanna2025">Bornäs, Hanna (23 juni 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tidskriftenrespons.se/artikel/kroppen-ar-pudelns-karna/">”Kroppen är pudelns kärna”</a>. <i><span>Respons</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tidskriftenrespons.se/artikel/kroppen-ar-pudelns-karna/">https://tidskriftenrespons.se/artikel/kroppen-ar-pudelns-karna/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 20 november 2024</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kroppen+%C3%A4r+pudelns+k%C3%A4rna&rft.atitle=Respons&rft.aulast=Born%C3%A4s%2C+Hanna&rft.au=Born%C3%A4s%2C+Hanna&rft.date=23+juni+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftidskriftenrespons.se%2Fartikel%2Fkroppen-ar-pudelns-karna%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Etik"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa 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#fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi" title="Försokratisk filosofi">Försokratisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia#Antikens_filosofi" title="Filosofins historia">Antiken</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssansens_filosofi" title="Renässansens filosofi">Renässansen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/1600-talets_filosofi" title="1600-talets filosofi">1600-talet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Upplysningstidens_filosofi" title="Upplysningstidens filosofi">Upplysningstiden</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer" title="Kategori:Filosofer">Filosofer</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Sortering efter: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_epok" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter epok">epok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_nationalitet" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter nationalitet">nationalitet</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_religion" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter religion">religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_tradition" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter tradition">tradition</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_efter_verksamhetsomr%C3%A5de" title="Kategori:Filosofer efter verksamhetsområde">verksamhetsområde</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Grenar</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Traditionella</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Axiologi" title="Axiologi">Axiologi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estetik" title="Estetik">Estetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etik</a>) <span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">Epistemologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logik" title="Logik">Logik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">Metafysik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Filosofi om…</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Filosofin_kring_artificiell_intelligens" title="Filosofin kring artificiell intelligens">Artificiell intelligens</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bioetik" title="Bioetik">Bioetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feminism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Handlingsteori" title="Handlingsteori">Handling</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historiefilosofi" title="Historiefilosofi">Historia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Krigsfilosofi" title="Krigsfilosofi">Krig</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Matematikfilosofi" title="Matematikfilosofi">Matematik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_filosofi" title="Medicinsk filosofi">Medicin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Medvetandefilosofi" title="Medvetandefilosofi">Medvetande</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metafilosofi" title="Metafilosofi">Meta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturfilosofi" title="Naturfilosofi">Natur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pedagogikens_filosofi" title="Pedagogikens filosofi">Pedagogik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttsfilosofi" title="Rättsfilosofi">Rätt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialfilosofi" title="Socialfilosofi">Social</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">Vetenskap</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia#Antikens_filosofi" title="Filosofins historia">Antiken</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_filosofi" title="Kinesisk filosofi">Kinesisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(kinesisk_filosofi)" title="Legalism (kinesisk filosofi)">Legalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohism" title="Mohism">Mohism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namnskolan" title="Namnskolan">Namnskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism">Taoism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yin-yang-skolan" title="Yin-yang-skolan">Yin-yang-skolan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Grekisk-romersk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelism" title="Aristotelism">Aristotelism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eleaterna" title="Eleaterna">Eleaterna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Epikurism" title="Epikurism">Epikurism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi" title="Försokratisk filosofi">Försokrater</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/De_joniska_naturfilosoferna" title="De joniska naturfilosoferna">Joniska skolan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efesiska_skolan" title="Efesiska skolan">Efesiska skolan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyniska_skolan" title="Kyniska skolan">Kyniska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrenaiker" title="Kyrenaiker">Kyrenaiker</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peripatetiska_skolan" title="Peripatetiska skolan">Peripatetiska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nyplatonism" title="Nyplatonism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pythagor%C3%A9erna" title="Pythagoréerna">Pytagoreism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nypytagoreism" title="Nypytagoreism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sofister" title="Sofister">Sofister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Indisk_filosofi" title="Indisk filosofi">Indisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajivika" title="Ajivika">Ajivika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sautrantika" title="Sautrantika">Sautrantika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutra" title="Yoga sutra">Yoga sutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Västerländsk filosofi">Västerländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_filosofi" title="Kristen filosofi">Kristen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssanshumanism" title="Renässanshumanism">Renässanshumanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">österländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" title="Advaita">Advaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianism" title="Neokonfucianism">Neokonfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Allmänt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentism" title="Fundamentism">Fundamentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(filosofi_och_historia)" title="Historicism (filosofi och historia)">Historicism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Anti-</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">Kollektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Kontraktualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(filosofi)" title="Naturalism (filosofi)">Naturalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykantianism" title="Nykantianism">Nykantianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nyskolastik" title="Nyskolastik">Nyskolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">Utilitarism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_marxism" title="Analytisk marxism">Analytisk marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Experimentell_filosofi" title="Experimentell filosofi">Experimentell filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_kvietism" title="Filosofisk kvietism">Filosofisk kvietism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internalism_och_externalism" title="Internalism och externalism">Internalism och externalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Koherentism" title="Koherentism">Koherentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konsekventialism" title="Konsekventialism">Konsekventialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivism" title="Logisk positivism">Logisk positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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filosofi">Kontinental</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">Dekonstruktion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurtskolan" title="Frankfurtskolan">Frankfurtskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_teori" title="Kritisk teori">Kritisk teori</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">Hermeneutik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nymarxism" title="Nymarxism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_marxism" title="Västerländsk marxism">Västerländsk</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialkonstruktivism" title="Socialkonstruktivism">Socialkonstruktivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Strukturalism" title="Strukturalism">Strukturalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalism" title="Poststrukturalism">Post</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dialektik" title="Dialektik">Dialektik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Formalism" title="Formalism">Formalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nythomism" title="Nythomism">Nythomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Objektivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivism (Ayn Rand)">Objektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Relativism" title="Relativism">Relativism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_skepticism" title="Filosofisk skepticism">Skepticism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nytt ämne</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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