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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Edwards</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 69 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="روبرت إدواردز – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت إدواردز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edvards" title="Robert Edvards – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Edvards" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8" title="রবার্ট জি. এডওয়ার্ডস – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট জি. এডওয়ার্ডস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Джэфры Эдвардс – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Джэфры Эдвардс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(Genetiker)" title="Robert Edwards (Genetiker) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Edwards (Genetiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(physiologist)" title="Robert Edwards (physiologist) – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Edwards (physiologist)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EC%A6%88" title="로버트 에드워즈 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 에드워즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%BD_(%D6%86%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3)" title="Ռոբերտ Էդվարդս (ֆիզիոլոգ) – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Էդվարդս (ֆիզիոլոգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="रोबर्ट एडवर्ड्स (विज्ञानी) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोबर्ट एडवर्ड्स (विज्ञानी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A1" title="רוברט אדוארדס – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט אדוארדס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF._%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D" title="ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಜಿ. ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ಸ್‍ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಜಿ. ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ಸ್‍" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ჯეფრი ედვარდსი – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტ ჯეფრი ედვარდსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Джеффри Эдвардс – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберт Джеффри Эдвардс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Edwards" title="Robertus Edwards – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Edwards" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Edvardss" title="Roberts Edvardss – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberts Edvardss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Едвардс – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Едвардс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="റോബർട്ട് ജി. എഡ്വേർഡ്സ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ട് ജി. എഡ്വേർഡ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="रॉबर्ट एडवर्ड्स – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रॉबर्ट एडवर्ड्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რობერტ ედვარდსი – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რობერტ ედვარდსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2" title="روبرت ادواردز – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت ادواردز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B2_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست) – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت ادواردز (فیزیولوژیست)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards_(fysioloog)" title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Edwards (fysioloog)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BBG%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ロバート・G・エドワーズ – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・G・エドワーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B8" title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਐਡਵਰਡਸ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਬਰਟ ਐਡਵਰਡਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B2" title="رابرٹ جی ایڈورڈز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ جی ایڈورڈز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – piemontesiska" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Geoffrey_Edwards" title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Geoffrey Edwards" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Эдвардс, Роберт Джеффри – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эдвардс, Роберт Джеффри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Edwards" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Едвардс – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роберт Едвардс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="ராபர்ட் எட்வர்ட்சு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ராபர்ட் எட்வர்ட்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Эдвардс – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Эдвардс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="రాబర్ట్ ఎడ్వర్డ్స్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాబర్ట్ ఎడ్వర్డ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81" title="Роберт Едвардс – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Едвардс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%B2" title="رابرٹ جی ایڈوارڈز – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ جی ایڈوارڈز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%B9" title="罗伯特·爱德华兹 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯特·爱德华兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards" title="Robert G. Edwards – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert G. Edwards" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%B9" title="罗伯特·爱德华兹 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·爱德华兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104913#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered 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0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px; border-spacing: 2px; padding: 2px; width:25em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:#e9e9e9;color:black;">Robert Edwards <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelpristagare"><img alt="Nobelpristagare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/27_september" title="27 september">27 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Batley" title="Batley">Batley</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/10_april" title="10 april">10 april</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a> (87 år)<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Nationalitet</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">brittisk</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Forskningsområde</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Reproduktionsmedicin" title="Reproduktionsmedicin">reproduktionsmedicin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/In_vitro-fertilisering" title="In vitro-fertilisering">in vitro-fertilisering</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Institutioner</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge">Universitetet i Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangoruniversitetet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangoruniversitetet [inte skriven än]">Bangoruniversitetet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edinburghs_universitet" title="Edinburghs universitet">Edinburghs universitet</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left; width:9em;">Nämnvärda priser</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a> (2010)<br /><a href="/wiki/Laskerpriset" title="Laskerpriset">Laskerpriset</a> (2001)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" class=""><div style="float: left;"></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bourn_Hall,_Cambridgeshire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg/250px-Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg/375px-Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg/500px-Bourn_Hall%2C_Cambridgeshire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourn_Hall_Clinic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourn Hall Clinic [inte skriven än]">Bourn Hall Clinic</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bourn" title="Bourn">Bourn</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, privatkliniken där Edwards och Steptoe erbjöd barnlösa par konstgjord befruktning under 1980-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <b>Robert Geoffrey Edwards</b>, född <a href="/wiki/27_september" title="27 september">27 september</a> <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobel1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobel1-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Batley" title="Batley">Batley</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, död <a href="/wiki/10_april" title="10 april">10 april</a> <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, var en <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">brittisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Fysiolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Fysiolog">fysiolog</a> och pionjär inom <a href="/wiki/Reproduktionsmedicin" title="Reproduktionsmedicin">reproduktionsmedicin</a> med specialisering på <a href="/wiki/In_vitro-fertilisering" title="In vitro-fertilisering">in vitro-fertilisering</a> (IVF), även kallat provrörsbefruktning. Tillsammans med kirurgen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Steptoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Steptoe [inte skriven än]">Patrick Steptoe</a> lyckades Edwards framgångsrikt arbeta fram metoder för befruktning genom IVF, vilket ledde till den första födseln av ett barn som blivit till med hjälp av IVF, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Joy_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Joy Brown">Louise Joy Brown</a>, 25 juli 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrund">Bakgrund</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bakgrund" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bakgrund"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Edwards, son till Samuel och Margaret Edwards, föddes i Batley i West Yorkshire och gick i skolan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester High School [inte skriven än]">Manchester High School</a> i <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>. Han tjänstgjorde därefter i brittiska armén under andra världskriget. Mellan 1948 och 1951 gick han en agronomutbildning på <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wales [inte skriven än]">University of Wales</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bangor" title="Bangor">Bangor</a> (nuvarande <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangoruniversitetet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangoruniversitetet [inte skriven än]">Bangoruniversitetet</a>), varefter han studerade genetik på <a href="/wiki/Edinburghs_universitet" title="Edinburghs universitet">Edinburghs universitet</a> mellan 1951 och 1957. Han disputerade 1955 på en avhandling om embryonalutveckling hos möss. Omedelbart efter studierna fick han en ettårig tjänst på <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> i USA och 1958 hade han en tjänst på brittiska <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Medical_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Medical Research [inte skriven än]">National Institute of Medical Research</a>. 1962 arbetade han på <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> för att ett år senare börja på <a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge">universitetet i Cambridge</a>, där han skulle tillbringa största delen av sitt yrkesverksamma liv. </p><p>1980 grundade Edwards och kollegan Patrick Steptoe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourn_Hall_Clinic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourn Hall Clinic [inte skriven än]">Bourn Hall Clinic</a>, världens första centrum för konstgjord befruktning. Under senare år var Robert Edwards <a href="/wiki/Professor_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor emeritus">professor emeritus</a> vid universitetet i Cambridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Priser_och_utmärkelser"><span id="Priser_och_utm.C3.A4rkelser"></span>Priser och utmärkelser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Priser och utmärkelser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Priser och utmärkelser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edwards tilldelades 2001 <a href="/wiki/Laskerpriset" title="Laskerpriset">Laskerpriset</a> och 2010 <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin</a> för sitt arbete med provrörsbefruktning.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edwards forskning från <a href="/wiki/1950-talet" title="1950-talet">1950-talet</a> till <a href="/wiki/1970-talet" title="1970-talet">1970-talet</a> ledde till att det första barnet som blivit till med hjälp av IVF föddes i juli 1978. Därefter har uppskattningsvis fyra miljoner människor fötts med denna metod.<sup id="cite_ref-KI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KI-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nobelpriskommittén säger att hans arbete har lett till att man har kunnat lösa problemet med <a href="/wiki/Infertilitet" class="mw-redirect" title="Infertilitet">infertilitet</a>, som är ett tillstånd som drabbar omkring 10 % av alla par över hela världen.<sup id="cite_ref-KI_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KI-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edwards utvecklade tekniken tillsammans med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Steptoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Steptoe [inte skriven än]">Patrick Steptoe</a>, som avled <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>. Metoden har ungefär lika stor sannolikhet att skapa ett barn som vid befruktning efter samlag, det vill säga ungefär 20 %.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edwards utnämndes av <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II">drottning Elizabeth II</a> till riddare (<a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Knight Bachelor</i></span>) 11 juni 2011<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och titulerades således <i>sir Robert Edwards</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edwards&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobel1-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobel1_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/edwards.html">”Robert G. Edwards - Biographical”</a>. nobelprize.org. 4 oktober 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/edwards.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/edwards.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Robert+G.+Edwards+-+Biographical&rft.atitle=&rft.date=4+oktober+2010&rft.pub=nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2010%2Fedwards.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBaker">Baker, Jennie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413034909/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/News/IVF-pioneer-dies-20130410122245.htm">”IVF pioneer dies”</a>. Cambridge News. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/News/IVF-pioneer-dies-20130410122245.htm">originalet</a> den 13 april 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413034909/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/News/IVF-pioneer-dies-20130410122245.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20130413034909/http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/News/IVF-pioneer-dies-20130410122245.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 10 april 2013</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=IVF+pioneer+dies&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Jennie&rft.au=Baker%2C+Jennie&rft.pub=Cambridge+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130413034909%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge-news.co.uk%2FNews%2FIVF-pioneer-dies-20130410122245.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/25/newsid_2499000/2499411.stm">”1978: First 'test tube baby' born”</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 25 juli 1978<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/25/newsid_2499000/2499411.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/25/newsid_2499000/2499411.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=1978%3A+First+%27test+tube+baby%27+born&rft.atitle=&rft.date=25+juli+1978&rft.pub=%5B%5BBBC%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjuly%2F25%2Fnewsid_2499000%2F2499411.stm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFMoreton2007">Moreton, Cole (14 januari 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/worlds-first-testtube-baby-louise-brown-has-a-child-of-her-own-432080.html">”World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own”</a>. London: Independent<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/worlds-first-testtube-baby-louise-brown-has-a-child-of-her-own-432080.html">http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/worlds-first-testtube-baby-louise-brown-has-a-child-of-her-own-432080.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=World%27s+first+test-tube+baby+Louise+Brown+has+a+child+of+her+own&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Moreton&rft.aufirst=Cole&rft.au=Moreton%2C+Cole&rft.date=14+januari+2007&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Independent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Fhealth-and-families%2Fhealth-news%2Fworlds-first-testtube-baby-louise-brown-has-a-child-of-her-own-432080.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/announcement.html">”The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 - Prize Announcement”</a>. Nobel Foundation. 4 oktober 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/announcement.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2010/announcement.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physiology+or+Medicine+2010+-+Prize+Announcement&rft.atitle=&rft.date=4+oktober+2010&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fmedicine%2Flaureates%2F2010%2Fannouncement.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KI-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-KI_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KI_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1269&l=sv">”Robert G. Edwards”</a>. Karolinska Institutet. 4 oktober 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1269&l=sv">http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1269&l=sv</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Robert+G.+Edwards&rft.atitle=&rft.date=4+oktober+2010&rft.pub=Karolinska+Institutet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fki.se%2Fki%2Fjsp%2Fpolopoly.jsp%3Fd%3D1269%26l%3Dsv&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFRoberts">Roberts, Michelle (4 oktober 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11465715">”British IVF pioneer Robert Edwards wins Nobel prize”</a>. BBC<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11465715">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11465715</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 4 oktober 2010</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=British+IVF+pioneer+Robert+Edwards+wins+Nobel+prize&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Michelle&rft.date=4+oktober+2010&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-11465715&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Robert_Edwards"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/59808/supplement/1">London Gazette 11 juni 2011</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFE974;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Mall:Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_fysiologi_eller_medicin" title="Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin">Nobelpristagare i fysiologi eller medicin</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1901–1925</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">von Behring</a> (1901)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> (1902)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Ryberg Finsen</a> (1903)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1904)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> (1905)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Cajal</a> (1906)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> (1907)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Metjnikov" title="Ilja Metjnikov">Metjnikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1908)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kocher" title="Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> (1909)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> (1910)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> (1911)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> (1912)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> (1913)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> (1914)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1915–1918.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> (1919)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> (1920)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1921.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Archibald_V._Hill" title="Archibald V. Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> (1922)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_G._Banting" title="Frederick G. Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a> (1923)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> (1924)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inget pris utdelades 1925.</i></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1926–1950</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> (1926)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> (1928)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a> (1929)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> (1930)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Warburg_(medicinare)" title="Otto Warburg (medicinare)">Warburg</a> (1931)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian">Adrian</a> (1932)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Morgan" title="Thomas H. Morgan">Morgan</a> (1933)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Whipple" title="George H. Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_R._Minot" title="George R. Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">Murphy</a> (1934)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> (1935)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dale" title="Henry Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> (1936)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> (1938)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> (1939)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <i>Inga priser utdelades 1940–1942.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Doisy" title="Edward A. Doisy">Doisy</a> (1943)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gasser" title="Herbert S. Gasser">Gasser</a> (1944)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Walter_Florey" title="Howard Walter Florey">Florey</a> (1945)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> (1946)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Cori" title="Carl Cori">C. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Houssay</a> (1947)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> (1948)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hess" title="Walter Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> (1949)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Kendall" title="Edward C. Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_S._Hench" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip S. Hench">Hench</a> (1950)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1951–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> (1951)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Selman_A._Waksman" title="Selman A. Waksman">Waksman</a> (1952)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biokemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biokemist)">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a> (1953)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Enders" title="John F. Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Weller" title="Thomas H. Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_C._Robbins" title="Frederick C. Robbins">Robbins</a> (1954)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> (1955)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_F._Cournand" title="André F. Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> (1956)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> (1957)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> (1958)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (1959)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> (1960)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">von Békésy</a> (1961)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> (1962)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles" title="John Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_L._Hodgkin" title="Alan L. Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a> (1963)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a> (1964)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod_(biolog)" title="Jacques Monod (biolog)">Monod</a> (1965)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peyton_Rous" title="Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Huggins" title="Charles B. Huggins">Huggins</a> (1966)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> (1967)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_W._Nirenberg" title="Marshall W. Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> (1968)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_(biofysiker)" title="Max Delbrück (biofysiker)">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Hershey" title="Alfred D. Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_E._Luria" title="Salvador E. Luria">Luria</a> (1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">von Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> (1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Sutherland" title="Earl W. Sutherland">Sutherland</a> (1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_R._Porter" title="Rodney R. Porter">Porter</a> (1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">von Frish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">de Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_E._Palade" title="George E. Palade">Palade</a> (1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_M._Temin" title="Howard M. Temin">Temin</a> (1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Baruch_S._Blumberg" title="Baruch S. Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/D._Carleton_Gajdusek" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> (1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_V._Schally" title="Andrew V. Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a> (1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith" title="Hamilton O. Smith">Smith</a> (1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Allan_M._Cormack" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan M. Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_N._Hounsfield" title="Godfrey N. Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> (1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_D._Snell" title="George D. Snell">Snell</a> (1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_W._Sperry" title="Roger W. Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_R._Vane" title="John R. Vane">Vane</a> (1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> (1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_J.F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J.F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> (1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> (1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> (1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> (1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> (1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Murray" title="Joseph E. Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> (1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> (1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a> (1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_A._Sharp" title="Phillip A. Sharp">Sharp</a> (1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> (1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> (1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> (1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> (1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Ignarro" title="Louis J. Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> (1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> (1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_R._Kandel" title="Eric R. Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">Från 2001</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">Sulston</a> (2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Lauterbur" title="Paul C. Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> (2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> (2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a> (2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_R._Capecchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario R. Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> (2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> (2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> (2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edwards</a> (2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> (2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> (2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> (2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M-B. Moser</a> (2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a> (2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Ohsumi</a> (2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> (2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> (2018)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/William_G._Kaelin_Jr." title="William G. Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> (2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. 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