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<span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Impact and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Walkman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Walkman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other Walkman</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_Walkman-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other Walkman subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_Walkman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digital_players_(1999–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digital_players_(1999–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Digital players (1999–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digital_players_(1999–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Current range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Walkman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="وكمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وكمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%86" title="واکمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واکمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC%EB%A7%A8" title="워크맨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워크맨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="ווקמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ווקמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgmen" title="Wolgmen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wolgmen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ウォークマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォークマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman_(zna%C4%8Dka)" title="Walkman (značka) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Walkman (značka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="వాక్‌మెన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాక్‌మెన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" title="วอล์คแมน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอล์คแมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="واک مین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="واک مین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Walkman" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q622493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of portable media players by Sony</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 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hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Walkman</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkman_logo_(2000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg/250px-Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg/330px-Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg/500px-Walkman_logo_%282000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:252px;max-width:252px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Walkman_WM-28_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg/129px-Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg/194px-Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg/258px-Sony_Walkman_WM-28_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg/115px-Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg/173px-Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg/230px-Obsolete_but_not_Forgotten_-_CD_Walkman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg/125px-Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg/188px-Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg/250px-Walkman_MZ-R50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG/119px-2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG" decoding="async" width="119" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG/179px-2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG/238px-2015_Sony_Walkman_NWZ-S765.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="2584" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Left to right from top: a cassette <i>Walkman</i> (1980s), a <i>CD Walkman</i> (2001), an <i><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MD</a> Walkman</i> (1998), a digital <i>Walkman</i> (2011)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Corporation">Sony Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Portable audio players and recorders</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lifespan</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1, 1979<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">385 million (all editions, as of March 31, 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_Walkman_products" title="List of Sony Walkman products">List of Sony Walkman products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Walkman</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">ウォークマン</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Wōkuman</i></span>)</span> is a brand of <a href="/wiki/Portable_audio_player" title="Portable audio player">portable audio players</a> manufactured and marketed by Japanese company <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> since 1979. The original Walkman started out as a <a href="/wiki/Personal_stereo" title="Personal stereo">portable cassette player</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the brand was later extended to serve most of Sony's portable audio devices; since 2011 it consists exclusively of digital flash memory players. The current flagship product as of 2022 is the WM1ZM2 player.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walkman cassette players were very popular during the 1980s, which led to "walkman" becoming an <a href="/wiki/Generic_trademark" title="Generic trademark">genericized label term</a> for personal compact stereos of any producer or brand.<sup id="cite_ref-Batey16_140_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batey16_140-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 220 million cassette-type Walkmen were sold by the end of production in 2010;<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including digital Walkman devices such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_CD_player" title="Portable CD player">CD</a> (originally <a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a> then renamed the CD Walkman) and memory-type <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio player">media players</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has sold approximately 400 million at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Walkman brand has also been applied to <a href="/wiki/Transistor_radio" title="Transistor radio">transistor radios</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a> mobile phones. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG/250px-Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG/330px-Original_Sony_Walkman_TPS-L2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption>Original 1979 Sony Walkman TPS-L2</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1979, at the request of <a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a>, the audio department modified the small recorder used by journalists, "Pressman", into a smaller recorder. After many people praised the good sound quality evaluation, Sony, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a>, began to launch the Walkman in July 1979. Morita positioned Walkman in the youth market, emphasized youth, vitality, and fashion, and created a headset culture. In February 1980, he began to sell Walkman to the world, and in November 1980, he began to use the non-standard Japanese and English brands globally. The Walkman has sold more than 250 million units worldwide. When Morita was knighted in October 1992, the headline in the British newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> was "Arise, Sir Sony Walkman". [Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman, Paul du Gay]<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9781905246335.1-448.96">[1]</a> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">Compact Cassette</a> was developed by the Dutch electronics firm <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> and released in August 1963. In the late 1960s, the introduction of prerecorded compact cassettes made it possible to listen to music on portable devices as well as on car stereos, though <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">gramophone records</a> remained the most popular format for home listening.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portable tape players of various designs were available, but none of them were intended to be operated by a person as they were walking. In the 1970s, Brazilian inventor <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pavel" title="Andreas Pavel">Andreas Pavel</a> devised a method for carrying a player of this type on a belt around the waist, listening via <a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">headphones</a>, but his "<a href="/wiki/Stereobelt" title="Stereobelt">Stereobelt</a>" concept did not include the required engineering advancements to yield high-quality sound reproduction while the tape player was subject to <a href="/wiki/Shock_(mechanics)" title="Shock (mechanics)">mechanical shock</a> as would be expected on a person walking. Pavel later lost his suit claiming the Walkman idea as his own.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent_05.18.96_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent_05.18.96-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally in 2003, with Pavel threatening to file infringement proceedings in the remaining territories where he held protective rights, Sony approached him with a view to settling the matter amicably, which led to both parties signing a contract and confidentiality agreement in 2004. The settlement was reported to be a cash payment in the "low eight figures" and ongoing royalties of the sale of certain Walkman models.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sony co-founder <a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a> used the company's bulky TC-D5 cassette recorder to listen to music while traveling for business. He asked the executive deputy president <a href="/wiki/Norio_Ohga" title="Norio Ohga">Norio Ohga</a> to design a playback-only stereo version optimized for walking. The metal-cased blue-and-silver Walkman TPS-L2, the world's first low-cost <a href="/wiki/Personal_stereo" title="Personal stereo">personal stereo</a>, went on sale in Japan on July 1, 1979, and was sold for around ¥33,000 (or $150.00).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Sony predicted it would sell about 5,000 units a month, it sold more than 30,000 in the first two months.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkman_logo_(1981-2000).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg/220px-Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg/330px-Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg/440px-Walkman_logo_%281981-2000%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="49" /></a><figcaption>The original logo from 1981 to 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>The Walkman was followed by a series of international releases; as overseas sales companies objected to the <i><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">wasei-eigo</a></i> name, it was sold under several names, including <i>Sound-about</i> in the United States, <i>Freestyle</i> in Australia and Sweden, and <i>Stowaway</i> in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, in the early 1980s, <i>Walkman</i> caught on globally and Sony used the name worldwide. The TPS-L2 was introduced in the US in June 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_WM-DD33,WM-DDIII,WM-D6C_(24091871467).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg/250px-Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg/330px-Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg/500px-Sony_WM-DD33%2CWM-DDIII%2CWM-D6C_%2824091871467%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Three Walkman players, variously dating between 1984 and 1991</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1980s was the decade of the intensive development of the Walkman lineup. In 1981, Sony released the second Walkman model, the WM-2, which was significantly smaller than the TPS-L2, thanks to the "inverse" mounting of the power-operated magnetic head and soft-touch buttons. Sony applied the "Walkman" brand to some transistor radios starting with the matching blue SRF-40 FM Walkman in 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and added a radio system to some Walkman cassette models starting with the model WM-F1 in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first model with <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise-reduction_system" title="Dolby noise-reduction system">Dolby noise-reduction system</a> and an auto reverse function appeared in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first ultra-compact "cassette-size" Walkman was introduced in 1983, model WM-20, with a telescopic case. This allowed even easier carrying of a Walkman in bags or pockets.<sup id="cite_ref-sony.net_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sony.net-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1985, the WM-101 model was the first in its class with a "gum stick" rechargeable battery.<sup id="cite_ref-sony.net_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sony.net-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986 Sony presented the first model outfitted with remote control, as well as one with <a href="/wiki/Solar_charger" title="Solar charger">solar</a> battery (WM-F107). </p><p>Within a decade of launch, Sony held a 50% market share in the United States and 46% in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, two limited edition 10th anniversary models were released (WM-701S/T) in Japan, made of <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> and plated in <a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">sterling silver</a>. Only a few hundred were built of each.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 15th anniversary model was also made on July 1, 1994, with vertical loading,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 20th anniversary on July 1, 1999, with a prestige model. </p><p>By 1989, 10 years after the launch of the first model, over <span class="nowrap">100 million</span> Walkmans had been sold worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nowrap">150 million</span> units were manufactured by 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1999, 20 years after the introduction of the first model, Sony sold 186 million cassette Walkmans.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portable <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> players led to the decline of the cassette Walkman,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN.com_Sony_retires_the_cassette_Walkman_after_30_years_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN.com_Sony_retires_the_cassette_Walkman_after_30_years-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was discontinued in Japan in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_News_10/25/10_Walkman_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News_10/25/10_Walkman-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last cassette-based model available in the US was the WM-FX290W,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was first released in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_(Okinawa).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="WM-F5 "Okinawa" Sports Walkman"><img alt="WM-F5 "Okinawa" Sports Walkman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg/240px-Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg/360px-Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg/480px-Sony_Sports_Walkman_WM-F5_%28Okinawa%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">WM-F5 "Okinawa" Sports Walkman</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="WM-F404, high-end model with TV tuner (1988)"><img alt="WM-F404, high-end model with TV tuner (1988)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg/270px-Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg/405px-Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg/540px-Sony_Walkman_WM-F404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">WM-F404, high-end model with TV tuner (1988)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A "Sport" Walkman model from the early 1990s"><img alt="A "Sport" Walkman model from the early 1990s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg/135px-Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg/202px-Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg/270px-Walkman_WM-SXF33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A "Sport" Walkman model from the early 1990s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkman2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sony Walkman WM-EX194 (2004)"><img alt="Sony Walkman WM-EX194 (2004)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Walkman2010.jpg/142px-Walkman2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Walkman2010.jpg/213px-Walkman2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Walkman2010.jpg/285px-Walkman2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sony Walkman WM-EX194 (2004)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sony_marketing" title="Sony marketing">Sony marketing</a></div> <p>The marketing of the Walkman helped introduce the idea of "Japanese-ness" into global culture, synonymous with miniaturization and high-technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Gay,_Paul_1997_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gay,_Paul_1997-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Walk-men" and "Walk-women" in advertisements were created to be the ideal reflections of the viewing audience.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sony implemented a marketing strategy, hiring young adults to walk around in public wearing a Walkman, offering nearby people to test out the product. Sony also hired actors to pose with the Walkman around the streets of Tokyo as an additional form of promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major component of the Walkman advertising campaign was overspecialization of the device. Prior to the Walkman, the common device for portable music was the portable radio, which could only offer listeners standard music broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having the ability to customize a playlist was a new and exciting revolution in music consumption. Potential buyers had the opportunity to choose their perfect match in terms of mobile listening technology. The ability to play one's personal choice of music and listen privately was a huge selling point of the Walkman, especially amongst teens, who greatly contributed to its success.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diversity of features and styles suggested that there would be a product which was "the perfect choice" for each consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method of marketing to an extremely expansive user-base while maintaining the idea that the product was made for each individual "[got] the best of all possible worlds—mass marketing and personal differentiation".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 2000s, Sony debuted Plato, a blue alien, as its mascot for the Walkman.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_legacy">Impact and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Walkman_effect" title="Walkman effect">Walkman effect</a></div> <p>Culturally the Walkman had a great effect and it became ubiquitous.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, the Walkman's "unprecedented combination of portability (it ran on two AA batteries) and privacy (it featured a headphone jack but no external speaker) made it the ideal product for thousands of consumers looking for a compact portable stereo that they could take with them anywhere".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>, "the world changed" on the day the Walkman was released.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Walkman became an icon in 1980s culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, the word "Walkman" entered the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Millions used the Walkman during exercise, marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Aerobics" title="Aerobics">aerobics</a> fad.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1987 and 1997, the height of the Walkman's popularity, the number of people who said they walked for exercise increased by 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other firms, including <a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, produced similar products, and in 1983 cassettes outsold vinyl for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Walkman has been cited as influencing people's relationship with music and technology, due to its "solitary" and "personal" nature, as users were listening to their music of choice instead of radio. It has been seen as a precursor of personal mainstream tech possessions such as personal computers or mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Headphone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headphone">Headphones</a> also started to be worn in public. This caused safety controversies in the US, which in 1982 led to the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Woodbridge Township, New Jersey">Woodbridge, New Jersey</a> banning Walkman from being worn in public due to pedestrian accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the market, the Walkman's success also led to great adoption of the Compact Cassette format. Within a few years, cassettes were outselling <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">vinyl</a> records, and would continue to do so until the <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> (CD) overtook cassette sales in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In German-speaking countries, the use of "Walkman" became generic, meaning a personal stereo of any make, to a degree that the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_(Austria)" title="Supreme Court of Justice (Austria)">Supreme Court of Justice</a> ruled in 2002 that Sony could not prevent others from using the term "Walkman" to describe similar goods. It is therefore an example of what marketing experts call the "<a href="/wiki/Genericide" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericide">genericide</a>" of a brand.<sup id="cite_ref-Batey16_140_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batey16_140-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large statue of a Sports Walkman FM was erected in Tokyo's <a href="/wiki/Ginza" title="Ginza">Ginza</a> district in 2019 in celebration of the 40th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Walkman">Other Walkman</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other Walkman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg/220px-WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg/330px-WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg/440px-WikiGrenier_-_Lecteur_Sony_Mini_Disc_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption>An MD (<a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a>) Walkman player</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989, Sony released portable <a href="/wiki/Video8" class="mw-redirect" title="Video8">Video8</a> recorders marketed as <i>Video Walkman</i>, extending the brand name. In 1990, Sony released portable <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">Digital Audio Tape</a> (DAT) players marketed as <i>DAT Walkman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was extended further in 1992 for <a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a> players with the <i>MD Walkman</i> brand. In 1997, Sony's <a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a> range of portable compact disc (CD) players started to rebrand as <i>CD Walkman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the Walkman brand (the entire range) was unified, and a new small icon was made for the branding.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2012, Walkman was also the name of the music player software on <a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Sony Xperia</a>. It has since been rebranded to <a href="/wiki/Music_(Xperia)" title="Music (Xperia)">Music</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_players_(1999–present)"><span id="Digital_players_.281999.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Digital players (1999–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Digital players (1999–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_MP3_player.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sony_MP3_player.jpg/220px-Sony_MP3_player.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sony_MP3_player.jpg/330px-Sony_MP3_player.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sony_MP3_player.jpg/440px-Sony_MP3_player.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Walkman <a href="/wiki/Walkman_E_Series" title="Walkman E Series">NWZ-E440</a> digital audio player, released in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>On December 21, 1999, Sony launched its first <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio player">digital audio players</a> (DAP), under the name <i>Network Walkman</i> (alongside players developed by the <a href="/wiki/VAIO" class="mw-redirect" title="VAIO">VAIO</a> division). The first player, which used <a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a> storage medium, was branded as <i>MS Walkman</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shortly before the Walkman brand unification.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most future models would use built-in solid-state <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a> based players were also released from 2004 to 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They came with <a href="/wiki/OpenMG" title="OpenMG">OpenMG</a> copyright protection and, until 2004, exclusively supported Sony's in-house <a href="/wiki/ATRAC" title="ATRAC">ATRAC</a> format; there was no support for industry-standard <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> as Sony wanted to protect its records division, <a href="/wiki/Sony_BMG" title="Sony BMG">Sony BMG</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">piracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Walkman-branded mobile phones were also made by the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a> joint venture.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sony could not repeat the success of the cassette player in the 21st-century digital audio player (DAP) market. Rival <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> range became a large success in the market,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hindering Walkman sales internationally,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it fared better domestically.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Network Walkman for several years had paltry market share and had also been struggling against numerous other rivals such as <a href="/wiki/Creative_Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Labs">Creative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_(digital_audio_players)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio (digital audio players)">Rio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mpio" title="Mpio">Mpio</a> and <a href="/wiki/IRiver" title="IRiver">iRiver</a>, although sales and share did eventually increase fivefold in 2005 and continued improving, but remained small.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its pricing policy, <a href="/wiki/SonicStage" title="SonicStage">SonicStage</a> software and lack of <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> support in earlier years have been suggested factors of its performance.<sup id="cite_ref-hist_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hist-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its U.S. market share in 2006 was 1.9%, placing it behind Apple, <a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a>, Creative and <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan its share in 2009–2010 was between 43 and 48%, slightly ahead of Apple.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>, a Sony division who are not involved in Walkman products, officially described their <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> in 2004 as the "21st century Walkman".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_range">Current range</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Current range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png/220px-Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png/330px-Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png/440px-Sony_Walkman_NW-A55.png 2x" data-file-width="2973" data-file-height="2862" /></a><figcaption>Walkman <a href="/wiki/Walkman_A_Series" title="Walkman A Series">NW-A55</a>, released in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Walkman portable digital audio and media players are the only Walkman-branded products still being produced today – although the "Network" prefix is no longer being used, the model numbers still carry the "NW-" prefix. The current product range as of 2022 are:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_A_Series" title="Walkman A Series">A Series</a> – flagship mid-range players</li> <li>B Series (except Japan) – budget-oriented thumb style music players</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_E_Series" title="Walkman E Series">E Series</a> – entry level players</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_S_Series" title="Walkman S Series">S Series</a> (Japan) – entry level players</li> <li>W/WS Series – wearable music players</li> <li>WM1 Series – flagship luxurious high-end players (part of Sony's <i>Signature Series</i> of audio products)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_ZX_Series" title="Walkman ZX Series">ZX Series</a> – high-end music players</li></ul> <p>Since 2017, Sony provided the <a href="/wiki/Music_Center_for_PC" title="Music Center for PC">Music Center for PC</a> software on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, designed for both content transfer and playback for Walkman and other audio products.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_products">List of products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_Walkman_products" title="List of Sony Walkman products">List of Sony Walkman products</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_Walkman_products" title="List of Sony Walkman products">List of Sony Walkman products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Sony Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereobelt" title="Stereobelt">Stereobelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_effect" title="Walkman effect">Walkman effect</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sony+Walkman+briefly+outsells+Apple+iPod+in+Japan&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5mac.com%2F2009%2F09%2F03%2Fsony-walkman-briefly-outsells-apple-ipod-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2010/09/02/sony-walkman-sales-surpass-ipod-sales-in-japan/">"Sony Walkman Sales Surpass iPod Sales In Japan"</a>. 2 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sony+Walkman+Sales+Surpass+iPod+Sales+In+Japan&rft.date=2010-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2010%2F09%2F02%2Fsony-walkman-sales-surpass-ipod-sales-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macdailynews.com/2006/08/17/npd_apple_retains_huge_lead_with_756_share_of_us_music_player_market/">"NPD: Apple retains huge lead with 75.6% share of U.S. Music player market"</a>. 17 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NPD%3A+Apple+retains+huge+lead+with+75.6%25+share+of+U.S.+Music+player+market&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacdailynews.com%2F2006%2F08%2F17%2Fnpd_apple_retains_huge_lead_with_756_share_of_us_music_player_market%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSorrel" class="citation magazine cs1">Sorrel, Charlie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2009/09/walkman-outsells-ipod-in-japan/">"Walkman Outsells iPod in Japan"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Walkman+Outsells+iPod+in+Japan&rft.aulast=Sorrel&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2009%2F09%2Fwalkman-outsells-ipod-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hothardware.com/news/sonys-walkman-outsells-ipod-in-japan-for-first-time">"Sony's Walkman Outsells iPod in Japan for First Time"</a>. 5 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sony%27s+Walkman+Outsells+iPod+in+Japan+for+First+Time&rft.date=2010-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhothardware.com%2Fnews%2Fsonys-walkman-outsells-ipod-in-japan-for-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBecker" class="citation web cs1">Becker, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/gaming/21st-century-walkman-drags-feet-on-way-to-debut/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'21st century Walkman' drags feet on way to debut"</a>. <i>CNET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=%2721st+century+Walkman%27+drags+feet+on+way+to+debut&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Fgaming%2F21st-century-walkman-drags-feet-on-way-to-debut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/sony-psp-details-revealed/1100-6072659/">"Sony PSP details revealed"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sony+PSP+details+revealed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fsony-psp-details-revealed%2F1100-6072659%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sony.com/electronics/support/portable-music-players-digital-music-players">"Support for Digital Music Players | Sony USA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Support+for+Digital+Music+Players+%26%23124%3B+Sony+USA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony.com%2Felectronics%2Fsupport%2Fportable-music-players-digital-music-players&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sony.jp/walkman/">"ポータブルオーディオプレーヤー Walkman ウォークマン | ソニー"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC+Walkman+%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3+%26%23124%3B+%E3%82%BD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony.jp%2Fwalkman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sony-mea.com/en/electronics/support/articles/MC4PC010001">"Music Center for PC Ver.1.0 | Sony Middle East"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Music+Center+for+PC+Ver.1.0+%26%23124%3B+Sony+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sony-mea.com%2Fen%2Felectronics%2Fsupport%2Farticles%2FMC4PC010001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walkman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDu_Gay1997" class="citation book cs1">Du Gay, Paul; et al. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gop0dQGKm5sC"><i>Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman</i></a>. London: SAGE Publications, in association with The Open University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-5401-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-5401-5"><bdi>0-7619-5401-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/651974258">651974258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Cultural+Studies%3A+The+Story+of+the+Sony+Walkman&rft.place=London&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications%2C+in+association+with+The+Open+University&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F651974258&rft.isbn=0-7619-5401-5&rft.aulast=Du+Gay&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGop0dQGKm5sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalkman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_A_Series" title="Walkman A Series">A Series</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sony_NW-A810" title="Sony NW-A810">NW-A810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_ZX_Series" title="Walkman ZX Series">ZX Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Current_range">B Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_DD_series" title="Walkman DD series">DD Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_E_Series" title="Walkman E Series">E Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_S_Series" title="Walkman S Series">S Series</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Current_range">W/WS Series</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Current_range">WM1 Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_X_series" title="Walkman X series">X series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_Z_Series" title="Walkman Z Series">Z Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_Go" title="Media Go">Media Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Center_for_PC" title="Music Center for PC">Music Center for PC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walkman_effect" title="Walkman effect">Walkman effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Sony Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SRF-39" title="SRF-39">SRF-39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sony289" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sony" title="Template:Sony"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sony" title="Template talk:Sony"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sony" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sony"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sony289" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sony" title="History of Sony">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka" title="Masaru Ibuka">Masaru Ibuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Electronics_Products_&_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony#Imaging_&_Sensing_Solutions" title="Sony">Sony Semiconductor Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment" title="Sony Entertainment">Sony Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Group" title="Sony Music Group">Sony Music Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Publishing" title="Sony Music Publishing">Publishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures" title="Sony Pictures">Sony Pictures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Financial_Group" title="Sony Financial Group">Sony Financial Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Life" title="Sony Life">Sony Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Interactive_Entertainment" title="Sony Interactive Entertainment">Sony Interactive Entertainment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Entertainment Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniplex" title="Aniplex">Aniplex</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_trademarks" title="List of Sony trademarks">Technologies<br />and brands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_%CE%B1" title="Sony α">α (Alpha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionz" title="Bionz">Bionz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravia_(brand)" title="Bravia (brand)">Bravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-shot" title="Cyber-shot">Cyber-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dash" title="Sony Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dream_Machine" title="Sony Dream Machine">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmor" title="Exmor">Exmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM/HDCAM-SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMZ-T1" title="HMZ-T1">HMZ-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inzone" title="Inzone">Inzone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocationFree_Player" title="LocationFree Player">LocationFree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroMV" title="MicroMV">MicroMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)" title="Mylo (Sony)">mylo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_8_channel_SDDS_films" title="List of 8 channel SDDS films">8 channel films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_X-tal_Reflective_Display" title="Silicon X-tal Reflective Display">SXRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Tablet" title="Sony Tablet">Sony Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_diode" title="Tunnel diode">Tunnel diode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransferJet" title="TransferJet">TransferJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8/Hi8</a>/<a href="/wiki/Digital8" title="Digital8">Digital8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Vision-S" title="Sony Vision-S">Vision-S</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Xperia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIBO" title="AIBO">AIBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLI%C3%89" title="CLIÉ">Sony CLIÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Lissa" title="Sony Lissa">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Mavica" title="Sony Mavica">Mavica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optiarc" title="Optiarc">Optiarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_PVM-4300" title="Sony PVM-4300">PVM-4300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia_(Sony)" title="Qualia (Sony)">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Rolly" title="Sony Rolly">Rolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-55" title="TR-55">TR-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron">Trinitron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FD_Trinitron/WEGA" title="FD Trinitron/WEGA">FD series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C_videotape" title="Type C videotape">1 inch Type C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electronics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Creative_Software" title="Sony Creative Software">Sony Creative Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa Networks</a> (57%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Online distribution</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayStation Plus">PlayStation Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Store" title="PlayStation Store">PlayStation Store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Core" title="Sony Pictures Core">Sony Pictures Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonyLIV" title="SonyLIV">SonyLIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_(music_store)" title="Mora (music store)">mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Flix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure Flix">Great American Pure Flix</a> (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Great_American_Media" title="Great American Media">Great American Media</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former/Defunct18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Former/Defunct</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Connect" title="Sony Connect">Sony Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayNow_Arena" title="PlayNow Arena">PlayNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Now" title="PlayStation Now">PlayStation Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Video" title="PlayStation Video">PlayStation Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_EMEA#Anime_Digital_Network" title="Crunchyroll EMEA">Anime Digital Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_on_Demand" title="Anime on Demand">Anime on Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll_Store_Australia#AnimeLab" title="Crunchyroll Store Australia">AnimeLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackle_(service)" title="Crackle (service)">Crackle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Minisode_Network" title="The Minisode Network">Minisodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PressPlay" title="PressPlay">PressPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRV_(streaming_service)" title="VRV (streaming service)">VRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakanim" title="Wakanim">Wakanim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Digital_Audio_Disc_Corporation" title="Sony Digital Audio Disc Corporation">Sony DADC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So-net" title="So-net">Sony Network Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Professional_Solutions" title="Sony Professional Solutions">Sony Professional Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Honda_Mobility" title="Sony Honda Mobility">Sony Honda Mobility</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MDLinx" title="MDLinx">M3</a> (39.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a> (4.9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation_of_America" title="Sony Corporation of America">Sony Corporation of America</a> (umbrella company in the US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Sony" title="List of assets owned by Sony">Other subsidiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Sony" title="List of acquisitions by Sony">List of acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_owned_by_Sony" title="List of libraries owned by Sony">List of libraries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nonprofit organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shohoku_College" title="Shohoku College">Sony Institute of Higher Education Shohoku College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor" title="Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor">Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_timer" title="Sony timer">Sony timer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox507" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622493#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2017004000">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007407554005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walkman&oldid=1282330195">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walkman&oldid=1282330195</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Walkman" title="Category:Walkman">Walkman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_fads_and_trends" title="Category:1980s fads and trends">1980s fads and trends</a></li><li><a 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