CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html dir="ltr" lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:Web="http://schemas.live.com/Web/"><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=" >//<![CDATA[ si_ST=new Date //]]></script><head><title>Plain text wikipedia - Search</title><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="content-type" /><meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" /><meta name="SystemEntropyOriginTrialToken" content="A1L3tx5CzccqjN3lK6st/fXMwhf9EeokCPf8XCt0DVI8JPbg37BWq0zKvlqgkdm8YEUbthoGkC/xdR1+iIz4txAAAABxeyJvcmlnaW4iOiJodHRwczovL3d3dy5iaW5nLmNvbTo0NDMiLCJmZWF0dXJlIjoiTXNVc2VyQWdlbnRMYXVuY2hOYXZUeXBlIiwiZXhwaXJ5IjoxNzM5NzI0MzExLCJpc1N1YmRvbWFpbiI6dHJ1ZX0=" http-equiv="origin-trial" /><meta property="og:description" content="Intelligent search from Bing makes it easier to quickly find what you’re looking for and rewards you." /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bing" /><meta property="og:title" content="Plain text wikipedia - Bing" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.bing.com/search?q=Plain text wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" /><meta property="fb:app_id" content="3732605936979161" /><meta property="og:image" content="http://www.bing.com/sa/simg/facebook_sharing_5.png" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="600" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="315" /><link href="/search?format=rss&q=Plain%20text%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" data-orighref rel="alternate" title="XML" target="" type="text/xml" as="" crossorigin="" media="" /><link href="/search?format=rss&q=Plain%20text%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" data-orighref rel="alternate" title="RSS" target="" type="application/rss+xml" as="" crossorigin="" media="" /><link href="/sa/simg/favicon-trans-bg-blue-mg.ico" data-orighref rel="icon" title="" target="" type="" as="" crossorigin="" media="" /><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ _G={Region:"SG",Lang:"en-US",ST:(typeof si_ST!=='undefined'?si_ST:new Date),Mkt:"en-US",RevIpCC:"sg",RTL:false,Ver:"47",IG:"05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA",EventID:"6742f4643a0a49709132904aa3b7d686",V:"web",P:"SERP",DA:"PUSE01",CID:"03236F5434AB67A73F8F7A153538660E",SUIH:"WPf_XxoWGFFCx6wflIBtlg",adc:"b_ad",EF:{getslctspt:1,newtabsloppyclick:1,chevroncheckmousemove:1,sharepreview:1,shareoutimage:1,sharefixreadnum:1,sharepreviewthumbnailid:1,shareencodefix:1,chatskip2content:1,fablogfix:1},gpUrl:"\/fd\/ls\/GLinkPing.aspx?" }; _G.lsUrl="/fd/ls/l?IG="+_G.IG+"&CID="+_G.CID ;curUrl="https:\/\/www.bing.com\/search";function si_T(a){ if(document.images){_G.GPImg=new Image;_G.GPImg.src=_G.gpUrl+'IG='+_G.IG+'&CID='+_G.CID+'&'+a;}return true;}_G.BAT="0";_G.NTT="600000";_G.RTO="86400000";_G.CTT="3000";_G.BNFN="Default";_G.LG="160";_G.FilterFlareInterval=5;; //]]></script><style type="text/css">.sw_ddbk,.sw_ddw,.sw_ddgn,.sw_poi,.sw_poia,.sw_play,.sw_playa,.sw_playd,.sw_playp,.sw_st,.sw_sth,.sw_ste,.sw_st2,.sw_plus,.sw_tpcg,.sw_tpcw,.sw_tpcbk,.sw_arwh,.sb_pagN,.sb_pagP,.sw_up,.sw_down,.b_expandToggle,.sw_calc,.sw_fbi,.sw_twi,.b_fLogo,.b_cm,.sw_rmore,.sw_tpo,.sw_tpoa,.sw_lpoi,.sw_skp{background-repeat:no-repeat}.sw_ddbk,.sw_ddw,.sw_ddgn,.sw_poi,.sw_poia,.sw_play,.sw_playa,.sw_playd,.sw_playp,.sw_st,.sw_sth,.sw_ste,.sw_st2,.sw_plus,.sw_tpcg,.sw_tpcw,.sw_tpcbk,.sw_arwh,.sb_pagN,.sb_pagP,.sw_up,.sw_down,.b_expandToggle,.sw_calc,.sw_fbi,.sw_twi,.b_fLogo,.b_cm,.sw_rmore,.sw_tpo,.sw_tpoa,.sw_lpoi,.sw_skp{background-image:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png)}.sw_play,.sw_playa,.sw_playd,.sw_playp{background-position:-315px -22px;height:16px;width:16px}.sw_playa{background-position:-333px -22px}.sw_playd{background-position:-351px -22px}.sw_playp{background-position:-369px -22px}.sw_st,.sw_sth,.sw_ste,.sw_st2{background-position:-535px -31px;height:12px;width:12px;display:inline-block}.sw_st2{background-position:-563px -31px}.sw_sth{background-position:-577px -31px}.sw_ste{background-position:-549px -31px}.sw_arwh,a:hover .sw_arwh.b_invert{background-position:-463px -32px;height:11px;width:14px}.sw_arwh{background-position:-447px -32px}.sw_ddbk,.sw_ddw,.sw_ddgn{background-position:-266px -32px;height:4px;width:7px}.sw_ddgn{background-position:-256px -32px}.sw_tpcg,.sw_tpcw,.sw_tpcbk{background-position:-176px -32px;height:10px;width:10px}.sw_tpcg:hover,.sw_tpcg:active,.sw_tpcg:focus{background-position:-188px -32px}.sw_plus{background-position:-276px -32px;height:8px;width:8px}.sw_plus:hover,.sw_plus:active,.sw_plus:focus{background-position:-286px -32px}.b_expandToggle,.sw_up,.sw_down{background-position:-228px -32px;height:8px;width:12px}.sw_up{background-position:-200px -32px}*:hover>.sw_up,*:active>.sw_up,*:focus>.sw_up{background-position:-214px -32px}*:hover>.sw_down,*:active>.sw_down,*:focus>.sw_down{background-position:-242px -32px}.b_icon,.sw_poi,.sw_poia{width:20px;height:20px}.sw_poi{background-position:-297px 0}.sw_poia{background-position:-319px 0}.b_fLogo{background-position:-402px 0;height:16px;width:81px}.b_cm{background-position:-433px -32px;height:10px;width:12px}.sw_calc{background-position:-363px 0;height:19px;width:19px}.sw_fbi,.sw_twi{background-position:-169px -32px;height:16px;width:16px;display:inline-block}.sw_fbi{background-position:-297px -22px}.sw_twi{background-position:-645px 0}.sw_tpo,.sw_tpoa{height:12px;width:8px;background-position:-131px -25px}.sw_rmore{background-position:-121px -25px;height:12px;width:8px}.sw_lpoi{background-position:-633px -18px;height:16px;width:10px}.sw_skp{background-position:-645px -18px;height:16px;width:16px}.b_ad .b_vlist2col li{padding-bottom:7px}z{a:1}z{a:1}html,body #b_results .b_no{background-color:#fff}#b_results>li a{color:#4007a2}#b_results>li a:visited{color:#4007a2}#b_results>li{background-color:#fff}.ccmc{background-color:#ccc}.ccmc:active{background-color:#36b}#b_tween .b_selected,div.b_dropdown .b_selected,#b_tween a.ftrH.b_selected:hover{background:#e1e0df}#b_tween .b_toggle:hover,#b_tween .ftrH:hover{background:#f2f2f2}.b_scroll{background:#999;border-color:#999}.b_scroll:hover{background:#4d4d4d}.b_dropdown{background-color:#fff;border-color:#e5e5e5}.ctxt,select,input[type="text"]{color:#444;border-color:#ddd}.b_dark select{background-color:#292827}.ccal{border-color:#ddd}.ccal:hover,.ctxt:hover,select:hover,input[type="text"]:hover{box-shadow:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.b_dark select:hover{background-color:#292827}.ctxt:focus,select:focus,input[type="text"]:focus{color:#444;border-color:#919191;box-shadow:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.ccal input[type="text"],.ccal input[type="text"]:hover,.ccal input[type="text"]:focus{color:#444}.ccal.ccal_rfs input[type="text"],.ccal.ccal_rfs input[type="text"]:hover,.ccal.ccal_rfs input[type="text"]:focus{color:#666}label{color:#767676}#b_results ::placeholder{color:#767676;opacity:1}#b_results :-ms-input-placeholder{color:#767676}#b_results ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#767676}#b_results input[type="text"]:disabled{color:#ccc}a,#b_tween a:visited,#b_results .b_no a{color:#4007a2}a:visited,#b_results>li a:visited{color:#4007a2}.trgr_icon .c_tlbxTrgIcn.sw_css{border-color:#006d21 transparent}.b_posText{color:#006d21}.b_negText{color:#c80000}#b_context .b_entityTitle,#b_results .b_entityTitle{color:#444}#b_context .b_entitySubTitle,#b_results .b_entitySubTitle{color:#767676}body,.b_promoteText,#b_tween a.ftrH:hover,.b_expando,.b_expando h2,.b_expando h3,.b_expando h4,.b_expando .b_defaultText,.b_active a,.b_active a:visited,.b_active a:hover,#b_results>.b_pag a,#b_results .b_no,#b_content a.cbl:visited,#b_content a.cbl{color:#666}#b_tween,#b_tween a.ftrH{color:#70757a}.b_top,.b_top .b_promoteText{color:#444}.b_alert,.sb_alert,.b_pAlt,#b_results .b_no .b_alert,#b_results .b_no .sb_alert,#b_results .b_no .b_pAlt{color:#d90026}#b_results .b_alert,#b_results .sb_alert,#b_results .b_pAlt{color:#d90026}.b_demoteText,.b_secondaryText,.b_attribution,.b_factrow,.b_focusLabel,.b_footnote,.b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_tween .b_dropdown a,.b_expando .b_subModule,.b_expando .b_suppModule,.b_algo .b_vList td{color:#767676}.b_algo .b_factrow{color:#767676}.b_caption,.snippet{color:inherit}.b_top .b_caption{color:inherit}.ciot{background-color:#000}#b_context .b_subModule,#b_results .b_subModule,.overlay-container .b_subModule{border-bottom:1px solid #ececec}#b_context .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule,#b_results .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule,.overlay-container .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule{border-bottom:0}.b_subModule h2{color:#111}.c_tlbx,.c_tlbxIS{border-color:#999;background:#fff}.sw_poi{color:#fff}.sw_poia{color:#fff}.sc_errorArea>.sc_error,.sc_errorArea>.sc_error h1,.sc_errorArea>.sc_error h3{color:#666}.sc_errorArea font[color=red]{color:#d90026 !important}.b_caption p strong,.b_caption .b_factrow strong,.b_secondaryText strong{color:#767676}.b_belowcaption .b_secondaryText{color:#767676 !important}#b_context .b_ans,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans,#b_context #wpc_ag,#b_rrat_cont #wpc_ag{background-color:#fff}#b_context .b_posText,#b_rrat_cont .b_posText,.b_expando .b_posText{color:#006d21}#b_context .b_negText,#b_rrat_cont .b_negText,.b_expando .b_negText{color:#c80000}#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,#b_context .wpc_rifacts,#b_rrat_cont .wpc_rifacts,#b_context .b_defaultText,#b_rrat_cont .b_defaultText{color:#666}#b_context .b_alert,#b_rrat_cont .b_alert,#b_context .sb_alert,#b_rrat_cont .sb_alert,#b_context .b_pAlt,#b_rrat_cont .b_pAlt{color:#d90026}#b_content .b_lowFocusLink a,#b_context .b_secondaryText,#b_rrat_cont .b_secondaryText,#b_context .b_attribution,#b_rrat_cont .b_attribution,#b_context .b_factrow,#b_rrat_cont .b_factrow,#b_context .b_footnote,#b_rrat_cont .b_footnote,#b_context .b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad .b_adlabel,.b_expando .b_secondaryText,.b_expando .b_attribution,.b_expando .b_factrow,.b_expando .b_footnote,#b_tween .b_nonselectable{color:#767676}#b_context .b_footnote a,#b_rrat_cont .b_footnote a,.b_promtext{color:#111}#b_context .b_pointer.b_mhdr:hover .b_secondaryText,#b_rrat_cont .b_pointer.b_mhdr:hover .b_secondaryText{color:#36b}z{a:1}.b_footer{background-color:#ececec}.b_footer,.b_footer a,.b_footer a:visited{color:#666}#b_results>.b_ad a{color:#4007a2}#b_results>.b_ad a:visited{color:#4007a2}#b_context>li.b_ad,#b_rrat_cont>li.b_ad{color:#666;background-color:#fff}#b_context>li.b_ad a,#b_rrat_cont>li.b_ad a{color:#4007a2}#b_context>li.b_ad a:visited,#b_rrat_cont>li.b_ad a:visited{color:#4007a2}.b_ad .b_caption p strong,.b_ad .b_caption .b_factrow strong,.b_ad .b_secondaryText strong{color:#767676}cite,#b_results cite.sb_crmb a,#b_results cite a.sb_metalink,#b_results .b_adurl cite a,#bk_wr_container cite a{color:#006d21}.b_ad cite,.b_ad cite a{color:#006d21}#b_context cite,#b_rrat_cont cite,#b_context cite a,#b_rrat_cont cite a,.b_expando cite,.b_expando cite a{color:#006d21}.b_button:hover,.b_button:visited,.b_hlButton,.b_hlButton:hover,.b_hlButton:visited,.b_foregroundText,.ciot{color:#fff}.b_button:hover,.b_hlButton{background-color:#0072c5}.b_button:active,.b_hlButton:active{background-color:#333}.b_hlButton:hover{background-color:#106ebe}.b_border,.b_button,.b_hlButton{border-color:#ccc}#b_results>.b_pag{background-color:transparent}#b_results>.b_pag a:hover{background-color:#f4f4f4}#b_results>.b_pag .sb_pagS_bp:hover{background-color:#fff}#b_results>.b_pag a.sb_pagP:hover,#b_results>.b_pag a.sb_pagN:hover{background-color:inherit}#b_results>.b_pag .sb_pagS_bp{color:#111}.b_pag a{border:3px solid transparent}.b_pag a.sb_bp{border:0;border-bottom:3px solid transparent}.b_pag .sb_pagS{border-color:#00809d}.b_pag a.sb_pagS_bp{border-color:#106ebe}z{a:1}z{a:1}#b_results>.b_ad{color:#666;background-color:#f9fcf7}#b_results,#b_results .b_defaultText,#b_results>.b_pag a:hover,#b_tween .b_toggle:hover,#b_tween .b_highlighted{color:#666}html,body,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,img,ol,ul,li,form,table,tr,th,td,blockquote{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}html{overflow-y:scroll}#b_content{clear:both;min-height:316px;padding:41px 0 20px 100px}#b_pole{margin:-25px 0 15px -100px;padding-left:120px}#b_tween~#b_pole{margin-top:3px}.b_underSearchbox~#b_pole{margin-top:0}#b_context,#b_rrat_cont{margin:0 0 0 60px;padding:0 20px}#b_context .b_ans,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans,.b_expando .b_ans,#b_context .b_ad,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad,.b_card{margin:0 -20px}#b_context .b_ans,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans,.b_expando .b_ans{padding:10px 20px 0}#b_context .b_ad,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad{padding:10px 20px}.b_card{padding:15px 20px}#b_results,#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,#b_tween>span,.b_hList>li,.c_tlbxTrg,.b_hPanel>span,.ccal .ccali,.b_footerRight,.b_hPanel .b_xlText,.b_hPanel .cico,.b_moreLink,.b_label+.b_hList,.lc_bks,.lc_bkl,.fiw,.csrc,.b_footnote .cico,.b_algo .b_title H2,.b_algo .b_title>div,.b_algo .b_title .b_suffix>div,h3{display:inline-block}.b_pointer{cursor:pointer}label,.b_ad .b_adlabel,.c_tlbxTrgIcn{display:block}#b_tween{margin-top:-28px;padding-bottom:0}.b_underSearchbox~#b_tween{margin-top:-2px}#b_tween,#b_tween .ftrH{height:30px}#b_tween>span{padding-right:25px}#b_results>li{margin:0 0 2px}#b_results>li,#b_results>.b_ad{padding:10px 20px}#b_results>.b_ans{padding:12px 20px 0}#b_results>.b_algo{padding:12px 20px 0}#b_results>li .b_fullb{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}#b_results>.b_ad{padding-right:18px;border-right:2px solid #e5e5e5}#b_results>li:first-child{padding-top:10px}#b_results>.b_pag{padding:18px 0 40px 20px}#b_results>.si_pp,.sb_hbop,.b_hide,.ttl,#sw_tfbb,.sw_next,.sw_prev,#id_d,.b_hidden img{display:none}.b_hidden{visibility:hidden}#b_context .b_ans,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans,.b_expando .b_ans{margin-bottom:5px}#b_context .b_ad,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad{margin-bottom:5px}main,aside,.b_inlineList li,.b_inlineList div,.b_factrow li{display:inline}.b_footerRight,td,th,#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,.b_hList>li{vertical-align:top}.b_footer{width:100%;padding:12px 0}.c_tlbxTrg{width:15px;height:14px;margin:-1px 6px -3px 2px}.c_tlbxTrgIcn{margin:4px 0 2px 3px}.c_tlbx{position:absolute;z-index:6;border:1px solid;padding:10px}.c_tlbxIS{border-bottom:1px solid}.b_gridList ul:first-child,.b_vlist2col ul:first-child{margin:0 20px 0 0}.b_gridList li,.b_vlist2col li{padding:0 0 10px}.b_vlist2col.b_deep li{padding:0 0 10px}.b_overhangR .b_vlist2col ul:first-child{margin:0 15px 0 0}.b_overhangR .b_vlist2col ul{width:180px}.b_deep p{height:33px}#b_context .b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_content .b_expanderControl .sw_plus,.sc_rf form,form.sc_rf,.b_lBMargin{margin-bottom:10px}.b_ad li,#b_results .b_ad .b_adlabel{margin-bottom:8px}.b_ad li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.b_ad li li,.b_ad li li:last-child{margin:0}#b_results .b_ad .b_vlist2col,#b_results .b_ad .b_factrow,#b_results .b_ad .b_bcfactrow{margin-top:-6px}#b_results .b_ad .sb_adRA .b_vlist2col{padding-left:0}.sx_ci{border:1px solid #e5e5e5;margin-top:3px;width:80px;height:60px}.b_favicon{margin:0 .5em 0 0}.b_imagePair:after,.b_vlist2col:after,.b_gridList:after{clear:left}.b_imagePair.reverse:after,.b_overhangR:after{clear:right}.b_clear,#b_results>li:after,.b_clearfix:after{clear:both}#b_results>li:after,.b_clearfix:after,.b_imagePair:after,.b_vlist2col:after,.b_gridList:after,.b_overhangR:after{content:'.';display:block;height:0;visibility:hidden}.b_vlist2col ul,.b_gridList ul,.b_float,.b_footer,.b_float_img,.b_pag li,.b_mhdr h2{float:left}.b_floatR_img,.b_floatR,.wr_tc{float:right}.b_overflow,.b_hList li,.b_1linetrunc,.b_deep p,.b_imageOverlayWrapper{overflow:hidden}.b_ansImage{padding:2px 10px 0 0}.b_creditedImg img,.b_creditedImg .cico{padding-bottom:1px}h4,.sa_uc>.b_vList>li>table td,.b_smBottom,#b_context .b_ad h2,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad h2,.b_attribution,.b_secondaryFocus,.b_focusTextLarge,.b_focusTextMedium,.b_focusTextSmall,.b_focusTextExtraSmall,.b_snippet{padding-bottom:2px}.b_factrow{padding-bottom:2px}h2,.b_focusLabel,label{padding-bottom:3px}.b_vPanel .b_vPanel>div,.b_vList .b_vPanel>div{padding-bottom:5px}.b_dataList li,.b_mBottom{padding-bottom:5px}.b_lBottom,.b_entitySubTitle{padding-bottom:12px}#b_context .b_subModule h2,#b_rrat_cont .b_subModule h2,#b_results .b_subModule h2{padding-bottom:16px}#b_results .sp_recourse.b_lBottom,.b_caption,.b_moreLink,.b_footnote,.b_hList>li,#b_context h2,#b_rrat_cont h2,#b_context h2.b_entityTitle,#b_rrat_cont h2.b_entityTitle,#b_results .b_ad .b_factrow,#b_results .b_ad .b_bcfactrow,.overlay-container .b_subModule h2,.b_expando h2,.b_no h1,.b_no h4,.b_no li,.b_prominentFocusLabel,.ht_module,.b_locStr{padding-bottom:10px}.b_vPanel>div,.b_vList>li{padding-bottom:10px}#b_results .b_ans>.b_factrow:last-child{padding-bottom:10px}.b_vList .b_hList>li,.b_vPanel .b_hList>li,#b_content .ht_module h2,.b_vList .b_float_img,.b_creditedImg .b_footnote,.b_creditedImg .cico img,#b_results>.b_ad,.b_suppModule .b_mhdr,.b_vList>li>.tab-container,.b_vPanel>div>.tab-container,.b_ad .b_deep h3,#b_content .b_float_img_nbp{padding-bottom:0}.b_caption .b_factrow:last-child,#b_results .b_caption .b_factrow:last-child,.b_caption>.b_dataList:last-child li:last-child,.b_caption .b_moreLink:last-child,.b_vList .b_moreLink:last-child,.b_vList .b_factrow:last-child,.b_hList .b_factrow:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_factrow:last-child,.b_caption .b_attribution:last-child,.b_vList .b_attribution:last-child,.b_hList .b_attribution:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_attribution:last-child,.b_vList>li>table:last-child tr:last-child td,.b_vPanel>div>table:last-child tr:last-child td,.b_vList .b_focusLabel:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_focusLabel:last-child,.b_vList .b_prominentFocusLabel:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_prominentFocusLabel:last-child,.b_vList .b_secondaryFocus:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_secondaryFocus:last-child,.b_vList .b_focusTextExtraSmall:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_focusTextExtraSmall:last-child,.b_vList .b_focusTextSmall:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_focusTextSmall:last-child,.b_vList .b_focusTextMedium:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_focusTextMedium:last-child,.b_vList .b_focusTextLarge:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_focusTextLarge:last-child,.b_vList h4:last-child,.b_vPanel h4:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_caption:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_vList:last-child>li:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_footnote:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.b_vList .b_vPanel,.b_vPanel .b_vPanel{margin-bottom:-5px}.b_hList .b_vList,.b_hList .b_vPanel{margin-bottom:-10px}.ht_module .sc_rf form.lc_bk,.b_mBMargin,.wpcbcc{margin-bottom:5px}#b_results .b_no{margin:28px 0 80px 0}.b_rich{padding-top:3px}h2+.b_rich{padding-top:2px}.b_algo .b_attribution img{vertical-align:text-bottom}.b_smLeft{padding-left:2px}.b_lLeft,.b_floatR_img,.b_suffix,.b_footnote .cico{padding-left:10px}.wr_tc,.b_xlLeft,.b_deep,#b_results .b_ad .b_vlist2col,#b_tween{padding-left:20px}h2 .b_secondaryText{margin-left:5px}.b_hList.b_imgStrip>li{padding-right:1px}.b_smRight{padding-right:2px}.fiw,.lc_bkl,.b_mRight,.b_label,.csrc{padding-right:4px}.b_lRight,.b_imgStrip .imgData,.b_underSearchbox .b_label{padding-right:10px}.b_hPanel>span,.b_hList>li{padding-right:10px}.b_hPanel.wide>span,.b_xlRight{padding-right:20px}.b_hList.b_imgStrip>li:last-child,.b_hList>li:last-child,.b_hPanel>span:last-child,td:last-child,th:last-child,#b_tween>span:last-child{padding-right:0}.b_twoColumn>div:first-child{padding-right:30px}.b_overhangR{margin-right:-30px;padding-right:150px}.wr_tc{margin-right:-150px}.wr_et{margin-right:-120px}.b_tbl{margin-right:-10px}.b_border,.b_button,.b_hlButton,.b_scroll,.b_dropdown{border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.b_button,.b_hlButton{line-height:30px;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;padding:0 15px;min-width:50px}.lc_bks .cbtn{margin-top:15px}#b_context .b_subModule,#b_rrat_cont .b_subModule,#b_results .b_subModule,.b_expando .b_subModule{padding:0 19px 0 19px;margin-bottom:16px}#b_context .b_subModule .b_lBottom.lo_im_ov,#b_rrat_cont .b_subModule .b_lBottom.lo_im_ov{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:12px}.overlay-container .b_subModule{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:16px}#b_context .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule,#b_rrat_cont .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule,#b_results .b_sideBleed:last-child .b_subModule,.b_subModule .b_subModule:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.b_dropdown{position:absolute;z-index:6}.b_scroll{position:relative;top:0;width:5px;height:20px}.b_pag a{display:block;min-width:34px;margin-right:10px;text-align:center;height:34px;line-height:34px}.b_pag a.sb_bp{min-width:40px;margin-right:20px;height:37px;line-height:42px}.b_pag .b_widePag{margin-right:28px}.b_pag a.sb_pagN,.b_pag a.sb_pagP{min-width:0;height:30px;width:30px;border:0;margin-top:5px;padding:1px}.b_pag a.sb_pagN_bp,.b_pag a.sb_pagP_bp{height:30px;width:30px;margin-top:0}.b_pag .sw_prev,.b_pag .sw_next{margin:2px}.b_mhdr{margin:-15px 0 -5px;padding:15px 0 5px}.b_mhdr .sw_up,.b_mhdr .sw_down{margin-top:10px}.b_mhdr .b_moreLink,.b_mhdr .b_secondaryText{margin-top:6px}.b_vPanel .sc_rf form,.b_suppModule .b_mhdr{margin-bottom:0}.b_rTxt{text-align:right}.b_cTxt{text-align:center}.b_jTxt{text-align:justify}table{width:100%;word-wrap:break-word}td,th,.b_float_img{padding:0 10px 10px 0}th{text-align:left}.sw_poi,.sw_poia{float:left;margin:-3px 5px 0 0;line-height:20px;text-align:center}.ctxt,select,input[type="text"]{outline:none;padding:0 11px;height:30px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-radius:2px}.ctxt.b_focusTextMedium{padding:3px 11px 8px 11px;height:57px}.ctxt.b_outTextBox{border-top:4px solid #919191;padding:0 11px 8px 11px}.ctxt.b_outTextBox:focus{border-top-width:1px;padding-top:3px}select{padding:0 0 0 11px;height:32px}input.ctxt,.ccal input,.ccal .ccali,.b_favicon,.b_footnote .cico{vertical-align:middle}.ccal .ctxt,.ccal .ctxt:hover,.ccal .ctxt:focus,.ccal .ccali{background:none;border:none;box-shadow:none}.ccal{border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.ccal .ccali{height:30px}.ccal .ccalp{padding:5px 5px 0 5px}.b_underSearchbox{margin:-20px 20px 14px}.b_underSearchbox .b_hList>li{padding:0 8px 0 0}.b_compactSearch label{float:left;margin:7px 10px 0 0}.b_compactSearch input{margin-right:0;float:left}.b_compactSearch .cbtn{border-left:0}.b_footer table{width:520px;margin:15px 20px 0 120px}#b_footerItems ul{display:block}#b_footerItems li{display:inline;float:left}#b_footerItems span{margin-right:24px;margin-left:24px;float:right}#b_footerItems a{margin-right:24px;font-size:11px}#b_footerItems{line-height:24px;padding:0 20px 0 24px;font-size:11px}.b_footerRight{margin:13px 0 0 50px}.b_1linetrunc{text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}div.cico.b_capImg{margin-bottom:4px}.b_imageOverlayWrapper{margin:-20px 0 0;height:20px}.b_imageOverlay{color:#fff;background-color:#000;padding:5px}.ansP,.ansPF{padding-left:30px}.ansP .wpc_pin,.ansPF .wpc_pin{margin-left:-30px}#b_context .rssmgrp .b_subModule,#b_rrat_cont .rssmgrp .b_subModule,.overlay-container .rssmgrp .b_subModule{border-bottom:0}#b_context .b_entitySubTitle,#b_rrat_cont .b_entitySubTitle,#b_results .b_entityTP .b_entitySubTitle{margin-top:-9px}.b_entityTP .b_infocardTopR .b_floatR_img{padding-bottom:10px}.b_vmparent{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:flex;align-items:center}.b_relative{position:relative}z{a:1}z{a:1}input,textarea,h4,h5{font:inherit;font-size:100%}body,.b_no h4,h2 .b_secondaryText,h2 .b_alert,.b_underSearchbox,#b_header{font:14px/normal Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}h1,h2,h3{font:13px/1.2em 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}h2{font-size:20px;line-height:28px}.sb_add h2{line-height:28px}h3,.b_no h1{font-size:18px;line-height:22px}cite{font-style:normal}.sb_alert a{font-style:italic}#b_content,#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,.b_expando{line-height:1.2em}cite,#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,.b_expando,#vidans2{word-wrap:break-word}#sa_ul li,.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}.b_footer{line-height:18px}.b_attribution,#b_content .b_attribution{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}#b_content main #b_results .b_algo cite{font-size:14px}.ba_title>h2+cite{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;padding-top:1px}.b_subModule h2{font-size:18px;line-height:22px}.b_smText,.b_footnote,.ciot{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;font-size:11px;line-height:normal}.b_footnote{line-height:16px}.b_ad .b_adlabel,.b_ad .b_adlabel strong{font:12px/normal Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.b_mText{font:16px/22px 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.b_focusLabel{font:16px 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;line-height:20px}.b_secondaryFocus{font:13px Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;line-height:18px}.b_focusTextExtraSmall{font:18px 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;line-height:1.3em}h2.b_entityTitle,.b_prominentFocusLabel,.b_xlText{font-size:24px;font-family:'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;line-height:1.2em}h2.b_entityTitle{line-height:normal}.b_entitySubTitle{font-size:13px;line-height:18px}.b_focusTextSmall,.b_focusTextMedium,.b_focusTextLarge{font:400 28px 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.b_focusTextMedium{font-size:40px;line-height:48px}.b_focusTextLarge{font-size:54px;line-height:64px}.b_focusTextSmall{font-size:28px;line-height:38px}h2.b_topTitle{font-size:24px;line-height:1.2em}.sb_add h2.b_topTitle{line-height:1.2em}strong,.b_active a,.b_no h4,.b_strong,.b_ad .b_adlabel strong,.cbl{font-weight:700}th,h2 strong,h3 strong{font-weight:normal}#b_tween{font-size:14px}#b_tween>span,#b_tween .ftrH{line-height:30px}.b_attribution cite{unicode-bidi:normal}a,.b_algoheader a:hover,.b_topbar a:hover,.b_pag a:hover,.cbtn:hover,.cbtn a:hover,.b_hlButton:hover,.ftrB a:hover,.b_algo:hover .b_vList h2 a,.b_algo:first-child:hover .b_vList h2 a,#b_header:hover~#b_content #b_pole~#b_results li:first-child.b_ad li:first-child h2 a,#b_header:hover~#b_content #b_pole~#b_results li:first-child.b_algo h2 a,#b_results>.b_ans:hover .ent_cnt h2>a,#b_results>.b_ans:hover .sp_requery h2>a,#b_results>.b_ans .b_rich>.b_vList>li:hover h5.b_lBMargin>a{text-decoration:none}a:hover,.b_algoheader a h2:hover,.b_algo:first-child:hover h2 a,.b_algo .b_underline a,.sb_add .b_underline a,#b_results>.b_ad li:first-child .sb_adTA:hover h2 a,#b_topw>.b_ad li:first-child .sb_adTA:hover h2 a,#b_header:hover~#b_content #b_results li:first-child.b_ad li:first-child div.sb_adTA h2 a,#b_header:hover~#b_content #b_results li:first-child.b_algo h2 a{text-decoration:underline}z{a:1}z{a:1}li{list-style-position:outside}.b_moreLink,.cbtn,#b_results,#b_context,.b_expando,#b_tween>span,.sa_cm2,.b_hList>li,.b_hPanel .cico,.b_footerRight,.b_footer table,.sc_rtgs,.ccal .ccali,.b_factrow .csrc,#b_notificationContainer span h2,#b_notificationContainer .title,#b_notificationContainer .header,#b_notificationContainer .image,#b_notificationContainer .content,form.b_externalSearch,.lc_bkl,.lc_bks,.b_algo .b_title H2,.b_algo .b_title>div,.b_algo .b_title .b_suffix>div,.b_xlLeft .b_vList,.b_vPanel .b_vList,.b_1linetrunc{zoom:1;display:inline}A,.b_moreLink{vertical-align:baseline}#b_context>li,.b_expando>li,#b_results>li.b_pag{width:100%}.b_hList,.b_hPanel,.b_tbl{margin-right:-10px;zoom:1}.b_label+.b_hList{display:inline}.cbtn input{overflow:visible}.sa_uc{width:100%}.sw_st,.sw_sth,.sw_st2,.sw_sth2,.sw_ste{vertical-align:middle}.sc_rtgs{padding-right:5px}.b_externalSearch .b_searchboxSubmit,.b_hList li.square_m{float:none;vertical-align:top}.b_externalSearch>input{height:38px;line-height:40px}.b_searchboxSubmitButton{margin-left:6px}.b_imagePair .b_imagePair .sw_poi,.b_imagePair .b_imagePair .sw_poia{margin-top:0}.b_dropdown{left:0;top:39px}#b_notificationContainer.crr div .content,#b_notificationContainer.crr div .image{width:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-2px;margin-bottom:-2px}#b_notificationContainer.crr div .image.left{top:-5px;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-15px}#b_notificationContainer.crr div .content.right{float:none;padding-left:5px;padding-right:10px;vertical-align:top;margin-bottom:-15px}#b_notificationContainer.crr .header{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}#b_notificationContainer.canstp .close{margin-top:-8px}#b_notificationContainer.crr .icon{top:-2px}#b_tween,.b_underSearchbox .b_label{zoom:1}.b_title div.b_suffix{padding-bottom:3px}.b_algo .b_vList table{margin-bottom:-2px}.sa_uc .b_vList li,.b_ad li{zoom:1}.b_pag a{display:block;min-width:34px;margin-right:10px;text-align:center;height:34px;line-height:34px}.b_pag .b_widePag{margin-right:28px}.b_pag a.sb_pagN,.b_pag a.sb_pagP{min-width:0;height:30px;width:30px;border:0}.b_pag .sw_prev,.b_pag .sw_next{margin:2px}h4,h5{font-weight:normal}#b_content,#b_context,#b_rrat_cont,.b_expando{word-wrap:normal}.ctxt{line-height:20px}#b_results>li.b_ans.b_topborder{padding:15px 19px 10px 19px;margin-bottom:12px;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:0;margin-top:0}#b_results>li.b_ans.b_topborder .bgtopgr{border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}#b_results>li.b_ans.b_topborder .bgtopwh{border-radius:0 0 0 0}#b_results li.b_ans~.b_topborder{margin-top:10px}#b_results li.b_ad~.b_ans.b_topborder{margin-top:12px}#b_results>li.b_ans.b_topborder.b_tophb{padding:0}.b_tophb .b_tophbh{padding:15px 19px 16px 19px}.b_tophb .b_tophbb{border-top:1px solid #ddd;padding:15px 19px 19px 19px}.b_tophb .bgtopwh{background-color:#fff}.b_tophb .bgtopgr{background-color:#f5f5f5}.b_tophb .b_tophbb.bgbtopnone{border-top:none}#b_results>.b_ad+.b_top{margin-top:0}.b_top .b_attribution+.b_rich,.b_top .b_factrow+.b_rich{padding-top:8px}.b_top .b_topTitle+.b_rich{padding-top:12px}.b_tHeader,.b_demoteText,.b_secondaryText,.b_attribution,.b_factrow,.b_focusLabel,.b_footnote,.b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_tween .b_dropdown a,.b_expando .b_subModule,.b_expando .b_suppModule,.b_algo .b_vList td,#b_content .b_lowFocusLink a,#b_context .b_secondaryText,#b_rrat_cont .b_secondaryText,#b_context .b_attribution,#b_rrat_cont .b_attribution,#b_context .b_factrow,#b_rrat_cont .b_factrow,#b_context .b_footnote,#b_rrat_cont .b_footnote,#b_context .b_ad .b_adlabel,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad .b_adlabel,.b_expando .b_secondaryText,.b_expando .b_attribution,.b_expando .b_factrow,.b_expando .b_footnote{color:#767676}.b_ad .b_secondaryText{color:#767676}#b_context .b_mhdr:hover .b_secondaryText,#b_rrat_cont .b_mhdr:hover .b_secondaryText,.b_expando .b_mhdr:hover .b_secondaryText{color:#001ba0}#b_results>.b_top .b_prominentFocusLabel,#b_results>.b_top .b_topTitle,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextExtraSmall,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextExtraSmall a,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextSmall,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextSmall a,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextMedium,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextMedium a,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextLarge,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextLarge a{color:#111}span.b_negText.b_focusTextExtraSmall{color:#c80000 !important}span.b_posText.b_focusTextExtraSmall{color:#006d21 !important}.b_top .b_focusTextExtraSmall a,.b_top .b_focusTextSmall a,.b_top .b_focusTextMedium a,.b_top .b_focusTextLarge a{text-decoration:none}#b_results>.b_top:hover .b_focusTextExtraSmall a,#b_results>.b_top:hover .b_focusTextSmall a,#b_results>.b_top:hover .b_focusTextMedium a,#b_results>.b_top:hover .b_focusTextLarge a{color:#4007a2}#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextExtraSmall a:hover,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextSmall a:hover,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextMedium a:hover,#b_results>.b_top .b_focusTextLarge a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.fc_cal_holder table{font-size:11px}body .fc_cal_holder{border:1px solid #0072c5}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_disabled{color:#767676}body .fc_cal_holder a:link,body .fc_cal_holder a:visited{color:#666}body .fc_cal_holder td,body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_disabled,body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_days td{width:20px;line-height:20px;padding:0 10px 10px 0}.fc_cal_holder tr td:first-child{padding-left:10px}.fc_cal_holder tr:last-child td{padding-bottom:15px}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_days td{line-height:15px;color:#767676;background-color:#fff}body .fc_cal_holder a{padding:0}body .fc_cal_holder td a:hover,body .fc_cal_holder td a:active,body .fc_cal_holder td.fc_cal_current a:hover,body .fc_cal_holder td.fc_cal_current a:active{background-color:#eee;color:#666}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_monthHolder+.fc_cal_monthHolder{border-left:1px solid #bfdcf0}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_monthHolder{background-color:#fff;border:0;padding:15px 15px 10em 15px}body .fc_cal_holder th div{background-color:#fff;border:0;padding:0 0 15px;color:#666;text-align:center;font-size:13px}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_current a{background-color:#4007a2}body .fc_cal_monthDec.fc_cal_monthChange,body .fc_cal_monthInc.fc_cal_monthChange{background:url(rms://rms:answers:SharedStaticAssets:navchevrons_topRefresh) no-repeat;width:8px;height:12px;background-position:0 -110px;font-size:0}body .fc_cal_monthDec.fc_cal_monthChange{background-position:0 -44px}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_month_first .fc_cal_monthDec{margin:1px 0 0 15px}body .fc_cal_holder .fc_cal_month_last .fc_cal_monthInc{margin:1px 15px 0 0}#b_results .b_attribution,#b_context .b_attribution,#b_rrat_cont .b_attribution,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_attribution{line-height:22px}.b_deep,#b_results .b_caption,#b_results .b_snippet,#b_results .b_factrow,#b_results p,#b_context .b_caption,#b_rrat_cont .b_caption,#b_context .b_snippet,#b_rrat_cont .b_snippet,#b_context .b_factrow,#b_rrat_cont .b_factrow,#b_context p,#b_rrat_cont p,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_caption,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_snippet,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_factrow,#b_topw .b_wpt_top p,#snct{line-height:22px}#b_context .b_caption .b_factrow .csrc,#b_rrat_cont .b_caption .b_factrow .csrc{line-height:19px}#b_content .b_deep p{height:44px}#b_content .carousel p,#b_content .b_slideexp p,#b_content #lMapContainer p,#b_content .MicrosoftMap p,#b_content .rwrl p,#b_content .qna_body p,#bw-rqna p,#ecmp_relatedPh p,#na_cl p{line-height:inherit}#b_content .b_imgSetData p,#b_content .b_caption .b_slideexp p{line-height:18px}#b_results #lgb_info .b_factrow{padding-bottom:4px}#snct .imgbig .b_overflow>h4{line-height:normal}#b_results .b_attribution,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_attribution,.b_ad h2,.b_deep h3,#snct h4{padding-bottom:0}#b_results .b_attribution .cico,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_attribution .cico{border-radius:0}#b_results .b_algo .b_attribution,#b_results .sb_add .b_attribution,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .sb_add .b_attribution{padding:1px 0 0 0}.b_deep h3{line-height:1.2em}#b_results .b_factrow,#b_topw .b_wpt_top .b_factrow{padding-bottom:2px}.b_ans h2.b_topTitle.b_headerTitle{padding-bottom:3px}.b_ans h2.b_lBottom,.b_expando h2{padding-bottom:10px}.b_ans h2,.b_algo h2{padding-bottom:0}z{a:1}.b_ad li,#b_context>.b_ad>ul>li,#b_rrat_cont>.b_ad>ul>li,#b_dynRail>.b_ad>ul>li{margin-bottom:22px}#b_context .b_ad .b_caption,#b_rrat_cont .b_ad .b_caption{padding-bottom:4px}#b_content ol#b_results li.b_ad,#b_content ol#b_topw li.b_ad{padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:0}#b_results li.b_ad.b_adBottom{padding-top:11px}#b_topw>li.b_ad:first-child{padding-top:10px}#b_context .b_entityTP,#b_rrat_cont .b_entityTP{padding:9px 19px 4px 19px;margin:-10px -20px -6px -20px;width:100%;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:0;background:#fff}#b_context .b_entityTP .irp,#b_rrat_cont .b_entityTP .irp{border-radius:0 0 0 0;overflow:visible}#b_context .b_ans:not(:first-child)>.b_entityTP,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans:not(:first-child)>.b_entityTP{margin-top:-16px}#b_context .b_ad:not(:last-child),#b_rrat_cont .b_ad:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb}#b_context .b_ans:not(:last-child),#b_rrat_cont .b_ans:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:5px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP,#b_rrat_cont .b_ans .b_entityTP{margin-bottom:20px}#b_content .b_algo .b_attribution cite strong{font-weight:normal}z{a:1}z{a:1}.sw_meIc,.sw_spd,.sw_pref,.idp_ham,.idp_wlid,.idp_tw{background-repeat:no-repeat}.b_focus .b_searchboxForm .b_searchboxSubmit{background-color:#fff;border-color:#fff}.sw_pref,.idp_wlid,.idp_tw{background-position:-485px 0;height:16px;width:16px}.sw_pref:hover,.sw_pref:active,.sw_pref:focus{background-position:-503px 0}.idp_wlid{background-position:-384px 0}.idp_tw{background-position:-645px 0}.sw_meIc{background-position:-521px 0;height:16px;width:16px}.sw_spd{background-position:-341px 0;height:20px;width:20px}.b_logo{vertical-align:top;text-indent:-999px;float:right;margin-top:6px}#b_header .b_searchboxForm{padding:0 0 0 5px}#b_header .b_searchbox{margin-right:11px}.sw_meIc,.sw_spd,.sw_pref,.idp_ham,.idp_wlid,.idp_tw{background-image:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png)}.b_scopebar{background-color:#fff}.b_searchboxForm .b_searchboxSubmit{background-color:#fff;border-color:#fff}.b_searchboxForm,.sa_as .sa_drw{background-color:#fff}.sa_hd{color:#444}.sw_pref,.b_active a:after{border-color:#fff}.b_active a:after{border-bottom-color:#fff}.b_searchboxForm{border-color:#ccc}.b_scopebar,.b_scopebar a,.b_scopebar a:visited,.id_button,.id_button:visited{color:#444}.id_button:hover,.b_idOpen a#id_l,a#bep.openfo,a#id_rh.openfo{color:#333;background-color:#fff}.b_scopebar .b_active a,.b_scopebar a:hover{color:#444}#sw_as{color:#444}.sa_tm strong{color:#444}.sa_as{border-color:#999}.sa_hv{background:#ececec}#bepfo{border-color:#fff;background-color:#fff}.b_idOpen #id_l{background-color:#fff}.wpc_bub a{color:#4007a2}.b_searchbox{background-color:transparent}#b_header{margin-bottom:0}.b_scopebar{height:30px;overflow-y:hidden}.b_scopebar ul{padding:0 0 0 105px}.b_scopebar li,.b_scopebar a,.b_logo,.b_searchboxForm,#id_h .id_button,.id_avatar,.sw_pref{display:inline-block}.b_scopebar a{padding:0 15px}.b_active a,.b_searchboxForm{position:relative}.b_logoArea{width:90px;height:40px;margin:-2px 10px 0 0;float:left}.b_searchboxForm{padding:0 5px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid}.b_searchbox{width:490px;margin-top:2px;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:3px;margin-left:12px;border:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;max-height:30px;outline:none;border-right:1px solid;border-color:#ccc;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;height:40px}.b_focus .b_searchbox{border-width:1px}.b_searchboxSubmit{width:40px;height:35px;border-top-width:6px;border-right-width:8px;border-bottom-width:6px;border-left-width:9px;margin:0;border-style:solid;text-indent:-99em;vertical-align:bottom;position:static;right:0;top:0}.b_focus .b_searchboxForm .b_searchboxSubmit{background-color:#fff;border-color:#fff}#b_header .b_searchbox{margin-right:0}.b_focus .b_searchboxForm{border-color:#ccc}#sw_as{display:none;width:auto;position:relative;z-index:6}.sa_as{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;position:absolute;display:none;width:100%}#sa_ul div.sa_tm,#sa_ul .sa_hd{margin-left:12px}#sw_as #sa_ul li.pp_tile{padding-left:12px}.b_searchboxSubmit,.sa_sg{cursor:pointer}#id_h{top:0;height:30px;text-align:right;z-index:2}#id_l,.id_button{padding:0 10px}.id_avatar{vertical-align:top;margin:5px 0 0 10px}.sw_meIc{margin-top:7px}#bepfo{border-width:0 1px 1px 1px;border-style:solid}#bepfo,#bepfm,#bepfl{width:320px}#bepfm{display:block}#bepfl{text-align:center;margin:50px 0}#id_d,#bepfo,#id_scfo{position:absolute;top:30px;z-index:6;text-align:left;color:#333;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;border-top-width:0}#id_scfo{right:0}.b_idOpen #id_d{display:block;padding:11px 0 5px}#sw_tfbb,#id_d{display:none}.sw_pref{border-style:solid;border-width:7px 0 7px 10px;vertical-align:bottom}z{a:1}z{a:1}z{a:1}z{a:1}input{font:inherit;font-size:100%}.b_searchboxForm{font:18px/normal 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.b_searchbox{font-size:16px}.b_scopebar,.id_button{line-height:30px}.b_scopebar{text-transform:uppercase}a,#b_header a,#b_header a:hover,#id_h a,#id_h a:hover,.b_toggle,.b_toggle:hover{text-decoration:none}#sa_ul,.pp_title{font:16px/normal 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.sa_tm{line-height:36px}#sa_ul .sa_hd{font:11px/16px 'Segoe UI','Arial','Helvetica','Sans-Serif';cursor:default}#sw_as strong{font-family:'Segoe UI Semibold','Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.b_scopebar li,.b_scopebar a,.b_searchboxForm,.id_button,#id_h img,#id_s,#id_n,#id_rc{zoom:1;display:inline}.b_selectionArrow{display:none}.b_active .b_selectionArrow{border-width:0 7px 7px;border-style:solid;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:50%;top:23px;margin:0 0 0 -6px;height:0}.b_searchbox{height:27px;margin:3px 0 0;padding-left:12px;top:-1px}.b_searchboxSubmit{text-transform:capitalize;border:0;height:23px;width:23px;margin:6px 0}.b_searchboxSubmitWrapper{padding:6px 10px 6px 9px}.b_focus .b_searchboxSubmitWrapper{background-color:#fff}#sb_form{position:relative;z-index:6;height:40px}.b_logoArea{left:0;position:absolute}.b_searchboxForm{position:absolute;left:100px}.id_button{cursor:hand}#id_h{z-index:6}.sa_as{left:0}.b_active .b_selectionArrow{color:#fff;border-color:#fff;border-bottom-color:#fff}.b_searchbox{background-color:#fff}.b_searchboxForm input{font:18px/normal 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}z{a:1}body,#b_header{min-width:1129px}#id_h{display:inline-block;float:right;margin-right:0;position:relative}#id_d{right:25px}#id_h #bepfo{right:0}.b_scopebar{display:inline-flex;float:left}.b_navbar:after{clear:both;content:'.';display:block;height:0;visibility:hidden}.b_topbar{background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%}.b_scopebar li.tools_scope a{border-radius:20px;padding:0 12px}.tools_scope:not(.active):hover a{background-color:#ececec}.b_dark .tools_scope:not(.active):hover a{background-color:#323130}.tools_scope.active a{background:#e2e9ff;color:#174ae4;font-weight:700}.b_dark .tools_scope.active a{background:#a2b7f4;color:#1b1a19}.b_scopebar li.tools_scope:hover{border-bottom-color:transparent}body:not(.b_sydConvMode) .b_scopebar #b-scopeListItem-conv svg,body:not(.b_sydConvMode) .b_scopebar #b-scopeListItem-conv .scp_conv_mode{display:none}.b_searchbox { width: 597px; } .hasmic .b_searchbox { width: 597px; } .hassbi .b_searchbox { width: 597px; } .hasmic.hassbi .b_searchbox { width: 597px; } #b_header .b_searchboxForm .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 597px; } #b_header .hasmic .b_searchboxForm .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 597px; } #b_header .hassbi .b_searchboxForm .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 597px; } #b_header .hasmic.hassbi .b_searchboxForm .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 597px; } .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox { width: 923px; } .hasmic .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox { width: 923px; } .hassbi .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox { width: 923px; } .hasmic.hassbi .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox { width: 923px; } #b_header .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 923px; } #b_header .hasmic .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 923px; } #b_header .hassbi .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 923px; } #b_header .hasmic.hassbi .b_searchboxForm.as_rsform .b_searchbox.b_softkey { width: 923px; }@media(max-width:1440px){#id_n{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:90px;display:inline-block}}.rwds_svg{vertical-align:top;display:inline-block}.rwds_svg.serp{margin:8px 0 0 8px}.rhlined,.rhfill{vertical-align:top;width:32px;height:32px}#id_rh,#id_rbh{position:relative}.id_button toolTip:after,#id_rh:after{white-space:pre-line !important;width:200px}.rhcoinflip{vertical-align:top;width:60px;height:60px;position:absolute;right:-6px;top:-6px}#idCont .rhcoinflip{position:absolute;right:-5px;top:-9px}#rh_meter{vertical-align:top;width:40px;height:40px;margin-left:-36px;margin-top:-4px}.rh_reedm .rhlined,.rhfill,.rh_reedm .meter,.rd_hide{display:none}.rhlined,.rh_reedm .rhfill,#rh_meter{display:inline-block}.noBg .rhlined.hp .meter,.noBg .rhfill.hp .meter,.rhlined.serp .meter,.rhfill.serp .meter{stroke:rgba(177,177,177,.4)}.rhlined.serp .medal{fill:#919191}.noBg .rh_reedm .rhfill.hp .medal,.rh_reedm .rhfill.serp .medal{fill:#00809d}#rh_animcrcl{fill:none;stroke:transparent;stroke-width:0}#rh_animcrcl.anim{stroke-width:2}.rh_scale .rhfill,.rh_scale #rh_meter{animation:scaling .4s cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}@-webkit-keyframes scaling{0%{transform:scale(1,1)}50%{transform:scale(1.3,1.3)}100%{transform:scale(1,1)}}@keyframes scaling{0%{transform:scale(1,1)}50%{transform:scale(1.3,1.3)}100%{transform:scale(1,1)}}#id_rbh.serp{padding-right:0}#id_rbh.serp.reverse{padding-left:14px}#id_rbh.serp svg{height:25px;fill:#818285}@media(max-width:1301.9px){#id_h #id_rbh,#idCont #id_h #id_rbh{display:none}#id_rfob,#id_rfoc{display:none !important}}#b_header.bm_oneMap #id_rh.id_button.toolTip.rh_reedm{top:1px}#b_header.bm_oneMap #serp_medal_svg{margin-top:0 !important}#id_rfob{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center;align-items:center;position:relative}#id_rfoc{display:none;overflow:hidden;top:100%;position:absolute;z-index:10;right:60px;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 16px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.14);background-color:#fff;color:#444;height:535px;width:360px;align-items:center;justify-content:center}#id_rfb{margin-right:8px}#b_results .sb_add .b_rhonclick:hover{cursor:default}.b_dark .serp .giftFill{fill:#a2b7f4}.b_dark .serp .giftStr{stroke:#a2b7f4}.serp .giftFill{fill:#174ae4}.serp .giftStr{stroke:#174ae4}.medallionTooltip{visibility:hidden;display:flex;position:absolute;top:36px;padding:10px;transform-origin:top center;min-width:120px;max-width:300px;font-size:13px;color:#fff;background:#666;border-radius:6px;z-index:10;justify-content:center;text-align:center;line-height:normal}.medallionTooltip::after{content:"";position:absolute;height:0;width:0;bottom:99%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);-moz-transform:translateX(-50%);-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent #666 transparent}.medallionTooltipTrigger:hover .medallionTooltip{visibility:visible;animation:animateTooltipBounceIn 200ms ease forwards}.medallionTooltipTrigger{display:flex;position:relative;justify-content:center;align-items:center}@keyframes animateTooltipBounceIn{0%{transform:scale(.3)}100%{transform:scale(1)}}a{z:1}a{z:1}a{z:1}a{z:1}a{z:1}a{z:1}.b_logo{background:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png) no-repeat}.b_logo{width:73px;height:29px}.b_searchboxSubmit{background-repeat:no-repeat}.b_searchboxSubmit{background-image:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png)}.b_searchboxSubmit{background-position:-97px 0}#b_header .b_searchboxForm pwa-container-wrapper{position:absolute !important;top:-80000px !important;left:-80000px !important}.b_deep ul{width:230px}#b_context, .b_contextWidth { width:256px; } .b_poleContent { width:984px; }<text>.b_navbar { width:</text>1104<text>px; }</text>/* default id_h is float to right with 20px padding space, this is only for web since web rearrang the id_h align closed to the contentwidth */<text>#b_header #id_h { margin-right: 0; }</text>html body { min-width: 1169px; }#b_results{ width: 648px;}#b_results>li{ width: 608px;}</style><style type="text/css">.hasmic .mic_cont.partner{display:inline-block}.mic_cont.partner{margin:0 0 5px 18px}</style><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ var amd,define,require;(function(n){function e(n,i,u){t[n]||(t[n]={dependencies:i,callback:u},r(n))}function r(n){if(n){if(n)return u(n)}else{if(!f){for(var r in t)u(r);f=!0}return i}}function u(n){var s,e;if(i[n])return i[n];if(t.hasOwnProperty(n)){var h=t[n],f=h.dependencies,l=h.callback,a=r,o={},c=[a,o];if(f.length<2)throw"invalid usage";else if(f.length>2)for(s=f.slice(2,f.length),e=0;e<s.length;e++)c.push(u(s[e]));return l.apply(this,c),i[n]=o,o}}var t={},i={},f=!1;n.define=e;n.require=r})(amd||(amd={}));define=amd.define;require=amd.require;var _w=window,_d=document,sb_ie=window.ActiveXObject!==undefined,sb_i6=sb_ie&&!_w.XMLHttpRequest,_ge=function(n){return _d.getElementById(n)},_qs=function(n,t){return t=typeof t=="undefined"?_d:t,t.querySelector?t.querySelector(n):null},sb_st=function(n,t){return setTimeout(n,t)},sb_rst=sb_st,sb_ct=function(n){clearTimeout(n)},sb_gt=function(){return(new Date).getTime()},sj_gx=function(){return sb_i6?new ActiveXObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP"):new XMLHttpRequest};_w.sj_ce=function(n,t,i){var r=_d.createElement(n);return t&&(r.id=t),i&&(r.className=i),r};_w.sj_cook=_w.sj_cook||{get:function(n,t){var i=_d.cookie.match(new RegExp("\\b"+n+"=[^;]+")),r;return t&&i?(r=i[0].match(new RegExp("\\b"+t+"=([^&]*)")),r?r[1]:null):i?i[0]:null}};_w.sk_merge||(_w.sk_merge=function(n){_d.cookie=n});_w.ChatMergeLogHelper={getBotRequestId:function(n){var t=this.getChatJoinKeys(n);return t?t.rid:null},getConversationIg:function(n){var t=this.getChatJoinKeys(n);return t?t.ig:null},getChatJoinKeys:function(n){var i,r,u,t,o,f,e;return(function(n){n.Home="home";n.Search="search";n.Conversation="conversation";n.OffStage="off-stage";n.Notebook="notebook";n.GPTCreator="gpt-creator"}(u||(u={})),t=_w.GlobalInstTracker,o=null,typeof t!="undefined"&&t&&t.convModeToJoinKeys&&typeof _w.CIB!="undefined"&&((r=(i=_w.CIB)===null||i===void 0?void 0:i.vm)===null||r===void 0?void 0:r.mode)&&n)?(f=_w.CIB.vm.mode,f===u.Notebook?t.convModeToJoinKeys.get(f):t.convModeToJoinKeys.get("conversation")):(e=location.href.match(new RegExp("[?&]IID=Codex-[^?&#]*")))&&e[0]?{ig:_G.IG,rid:e[0].split("=Codex-")[1]}:o}};_w.bbe="A:rms:answers:Shared:BingCore.Bundle";define("fallback",["require","exports"],function(n,t){function f(){return function(){for(var r,h,c,t=[],n=0;n<arguments.length;n++)t[n]=arguments[n];if(r=s(arguments.callee),u&&(h=e(r),h.toString()!=f().toString()))return h.apply(null,arguments);c=i[r].q;t[0]==="onPP"&&o();c.push(t)}}function s(n){for(var t in i)if(i[t].h===n)return t}function e(n,t){for(var u,e=n.split("."),i=_w,r=0;r<e.length;r++)u=e[r],typeof i[u]=="undefined"&&t&&(i[u]=r===e.length-1?f():{}),i=i[u];return i}function o(){var e=i["rms.js"].q,o,f,r,n,s,u,t;if(e.length>0)for(o=!1,f=0;f<e.length;f++){for(r=e[f],n=0;n<r.length;n++)if(s=_w.bbe,u=r[n][s],u||(u=r[n]["A:rmsBu0"]),u){t=_d.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("data-rms","1");t.setAttribute("crossorigin","anonymous");t.src=u;t.type="text/javascript";setTimeout(function(){_d.body.appendChild(t)},0);r.splice(n,1);o=!0;break}if(o)break}}function h(){var n,t,f;for(u=!1,n=0;n<r.length;n++)t=r[n],f=e(t,!0),i[t]={h:f,q:[]}}function c(){for(var t,n=0;n<r.length;n++){var o=r[n],s=i[o].q,h=e(o);for(t=0;t<s.length;t++)h.toString()!==f().toString()&&h.apply(null,s[t])}u=!0}function l(n,t,i,r){n&&((n===_w||n===_d||n===_d.body)&&t=="load"?_w.sj_evt.bind("onP1",i,!0):n.addEventListener?n.addEventListener(t,i,r):n.attachEvent?n.attachEvent("on"+t,i):n["on"+t]=i)}t.__esModule=!0;t.replay=void 0;var r=["rms.js","sj_evt.bind","sj_evt.fire","sj_jb","sj_wf","sj_cook.get","sj_cook.set","sj_pd","sj_sp","sj_be","sj_go","sj_ev","sj_ue","sj_evt.unbind","sj_et","Log.Log","sj_mo","sj_so"],i={},u=!1;_w.fb_is=o;t.replay=c;h();_w.sj_be=l});function lb(){_w.si_sendCReq&&sb_st(_w.si_sendCReq,800);_w.lbc&&_w.lbc()};(function(){function n(n){n=sb_ie?_w.event:n;(!n.altKey||n.ctrlKey||n.shiftKey)&&(n.key&&n.key==="Enter"||n.keyCode&&n.keyCode===13)&&_w.si_ct(sb_ie?n.srcElement:n.target,!1,n,"enter")}sj_be(document,"keydown",n,!1)})();(function(){function n(n){_w.si_ct(sb_ie?_w.event.srcElement:n.target,!1,_w.event||n)}sj_be(document,"mousedown",n,!1)})();ClTrCo={furl:!0};var ctcc=0,clc=_w.ClTrCo||{},SerpMode;(function(n){n.Home="home";n.Search="search";n.Conversation="conversation";n.OffStage="off-stage";n.Notebook="notebook";n.GPTCreator="gpt-creator"})(SerpMode||(SerpMode={}));_w.si_ct=function(n,t,i,r){var w,b,u,e,o,l,f,nt,a,k,c,p,d;if(clc.SharedClickSuppressed)return!0;u="getAttribute";try{for(;n!==document.body;n=n.parentNode){if(!n||n===document||n[u]("data-noct"))break;if(e=(n.tagName==="A"||n[u]("data-clicks"))&&(n[u]("h")||n[u]("data-h")||n[u]("data-cspi"))||n[u]("_ct"),e){o=n[u]("_ctf");l=-1;i&&(i.type==="keydown"?l=-2:i.button!=null&&(l=i.button));o&&_w[o]||(o="si_T");o==="si_T"&&(f=n[u]("href"),_G!==undefined&&_G.EF!==undefined&&_G.EF.newtabredironclicktracking===1&&f.indexOf("/newtabredir")==0?(nt=new RegExp("[?&]?url=([^&]*)(&|$)"),a=f.match(nt),a&&(f=f.indexOf("&be=1")>=0?encodeURIComponent(atob(decodeURIComponent(a[1]))):a[1])):f=encodeURIComponent(n[u]("href")),clc.furl&&!n[u]("data-private")?e+="&url="+f:clc.mfurl&&(e+="&abc="+f));r&&(e+="&source="+r);k="";clc.mc&&(k="&c="+ctcc++);var v=_w.ChatMergeLogHelper,y=_w.GlobalInstTracker,s,h="";if(typeof v!="undefined"&&v&&typeof v.getChatJoinKeys=="function"&&(c=v.getChatJoinKeys(!0),c&&typeof y!="undefined"&&y&&typeof y.getRidFromInstTracker=="function"&&(p=null,typeof _w.CIB!="undefined"&&((b=(w=_w.CIB)===null||w===void 0?void 0:w.vm)===null||b===void 0?void 0:b.mode)&&(p=_w.CIB.vm.mode),(d=e.match(new RegExp("ID=[^?&#]*")))&&d[0]))){var tt=d[0].split("ID=")[1].split(","),g=tt[0].split("_")[0],rt=tt[1].split(".")[0];(g.length>5&&g.substring(0,6)==="Codex-"||p===SerpMode.Notebook||p===SerpMode.Conversation)&&(s=y.getRidFromInstTracker(g,rt),s||(s=c.rid),c.ig&&(h+="IG="+c.ig))}h+="&"+e+k;s&&(h+="&rid="+s);_w.si_sbwu(h)||_w[o]&&_w[o](h,n,i,l);break}if(t)break}}catch(it){_w.SharedLogHelper?SharedLogHelper.LogWarning("clickEX",null,it):(new Image).src=_G.lsUrl+'&Type=Event.ClientInst&DATA=[{"T":"CI.Warning","FID":"CI","Name":"JSWarning","Text":'+it.message+"}]"}return!0};_w.si_sbwu||(_w.si_sbwu=function(){return!1}),function(){_w._G&&(_G.si_ct_e="click")}();var wlc_d = 1500, wlc_t =63868037988;;var perf;(function(n){function f(n){return i.hasOwnProperty(n)?i[n]:n}function e(n){var t="S";return n==0?t="P":n==2&&(t="M"),t}function o(n){for(var c,i=[],t={},r,l=0;l<n.length;l++){var a=n[l],o=a.v,s=a.t,h=a.k;s===0&&(h=f(h),o=o.toString(36));s===3?i.push("".concat(h,":").concat(o)):(r=t[s]=t[s]||[],r.push("".concat(h,":").concat(o)))}for(c in t)t.hasOwnProperty(c)&&(r=t[c],i.push("".concat(e(+c),':"').concat(r.join(","),'"')));return i.push(u),i}for(var r=["redirectStart","redirectEnd","fetchStart","domainLookupStart","domainLookupEnd","connectStart","secureConnectionStart","connectEnd","requestStart","responseStart","responseEnd","domLoading","domInteractive","domContentLoadedEventStart","domContentLoadedEventEnd","domComplete","loadEventStart","loadEventEnd","unloadEventStart","unloadEventEnd","firstChunkEnd","secondChunkStart","htmlEnd","pageEnd","msFirstPaint"],u="v:1.1",i={},t=0;t<r.length;t++)i[r[t]]=t;n.compress=o})(perf||(perf={}));window.perf=window.perf||{},function(n){n.log=function(t,i){var u=n.compress(t),e,r;u.push('T:"CI.Perf",FID:"CI",Name:"PerfV2"');var s="/fd/ls/lsp.aspx?",h="sendBeacon",f=_w.ChatMergeLogHelper;typeof f!="undefined"&&typeof f.getBotRequestId=="function"&&(e=f.getBotRequestId(),e&&u.push('rid:"'.concat(e,'"')));var l="<E><T>Event.ClientInst<\/T><IG>".concat(_G.IG,"<\/IG><TS>").concat(i,"<\/TS><D><![CDATA[{").concat(u.join(","),"}]\]><\/D><\/E>"),c="<ClientInstRequest><Events>".concat(l,"<\/Events><STS>").concat(i,"<\/STS><\/ClientInstRequest>"),o=!_w.navigator||!navigator[h];if(!o)try{navigator[h](s,c)}catch(a){o=!0}o&&(r=sj_gx(),r.open("POST",s,!0),r.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/xml"),r.send(c))}}(window.perf);var perf;(function(n){function a(){return c(Math.random()*1e4)}function o(){return y?c(f.now())+l:+new Date}function v(n,r,f){t.length===0&&i&&sb_st(u,1e3);t.push({k:n,v:r,t:f})}function p(n){return i||(r=n),!i}function w(n,t){t||(t=o());v(n,t,0)}function b(n,t){v(n,t,1)}function u(){var u,f;if(t.length){for(u=0;u<t.length;u++)f=t[u],f.t===0&&(f.v-=r);t.push({k:"id",v:e,t:3});n.log(t,o());t=[];i=!0}}function k(){r=o();e=a();i=!1;sj_evt.bind("onP1",u)}var s="performance",h=!!_w[s],f=_w[s],y=h&&!!f.now,c=Math.round,t=[],i=!1,l,r,e;h?l=r=f.timing.navigationStart:r=_w.si_ST?_w.si_ST:+new Date;e=a();n.setStartTime=p;n.mark=w;n.record=b;n.flush=u;n.reset=k;sj_be(window,"load",u,!1);sj_be(window,"beforeunload",u,!1)})(perf||(perf={}));_w.si_PP=function(n,t,i){var r,s,a,c,e,l,o,v;if(!_G.PPS){for(s=["FC","BC","SE","TC","H","BP",null];r=s.shift();)s.push('"'+r+'":'+(_G[r+"T"]?_G[r+"T"]-_G.ST:-1));var u=_w.perf,h="navigation",r,f=i||_w.performance&&_w.performance.timing;if(f&&u){if(a=f.navigationStart,u.setStartTime(a),a>=0){for(r in f)c=f[r],typeof c=="number"&&c>0&&r!=="navigationStart"&&r!==h&&u.mark(r,c);_G.FCT&&u.mark("FN",_G.FCT);_G.BCT&&u.mark("BN",_G.BCT)}u.record("nav",h in f?f[h]:performance[h].type)}e="connection";l="";_w.navigator&&navigator[e]&&(l=',"net":"'.concat(navigator[e].type,'"'),navigator[e].downlinkMax&&(l+=',"dlMax":"'.concat(navigator[e].downlinkMax,'"')));o=_w.ChatMergeLogHelper;typeof o!="undefined"&&o&&typeof o.getBotRequestId=="function"&&(v=o.getBotRequestId());_G.PPImg=new Image;_G.PPImg.src=_G.lsUrl+'&Type=Event.CPT&DATA={"pp":{"S":"'+(t||"L")+'",'+s.join(",")+',"CT":'+(n-_G.ST)+',"IL":'+_d.images.length+"}"+(_G.C1?","+_G.C1:"")+l+(v?',"rid":"'+v+'"':"")+"}"+(_G.P?"&P="+_G.P:"")+(_G.DA?"&DA="+_G.DA:"")+(_G.MN?"&MN="+_G.MN:"");_G.PPS=1;sb_st(function(){u&&u.flush();sj_evt.fire("onPP");sj_evt.fire(_w.p1)},1)}};_w.onbeforeunload=function(){si_PP(new Date,"A")};sj_evt.bind("ajax.requestSent",function(){window.perf&&perf.reset()});var sj_log=function(n,t,i){var e=new RegExp('"',"g"),r=_G.lsUrl+'&Type=Event.ClientInst&DATA=[{"T":"'+n+'","FID":"CI","Name":"'+t+'","Text":"'+escape(i.replace(e,"")),u=_w.ChatMergeLogHelper,f;typeof u!="undefined"&&typeof u.getBotRequestId=="function"&&(f=u.getBotRequestId(),f&&(r+='","rid":"'+f));r+='"}]';(new Image).src=r};FallBackToDefaultProfilePic = function (e) { var new_element = document.createElement('span'); new_element.setAttribute('id', 'id_p'); new_element.setAttribute('class', 'sw_spd id_avatar'); new_element.setAttribute('aria-label', "Default Profile Picture"); new_element.setAttribute('role', 'link'); var p = e.parentNode; p && p.replaceChild(new_element, e); };var _d,sb_de;typeof _d=="undefined"&&(_d=document);sb_de=_d.documentElement; //]]></script></head><body class="b_respl"><div id="b_header" role="banner"><div class="b_scopebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Search Filter"><ul><li class=" b_active" data-menuUrl id="b-scopeListItem-web" data-query><a target="" href="/?scope=web&FORM=HDRSC1" h="ID=SERP,5027.1">All<div class="b_selectionArrow"> </div></a></li><li class="" data-menuUrl id="b-scopeListItem-images" data-query><a target="" href="/images/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FORM=HDRSC2" h="ID=SERP,5028.1">Images<div class="b_selectionArrow"> </div></a></li><li class="" data-menuUrl id="b-scopeListItem-video" data-query><a target="" href="/videos/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FORM=HDRSC3" h="ID=SERP,5029.1">Videos<div class="b_selectionArrow"> </div></a></li><li class="" data-menuUrl id="b-scopeListItem-news" data-query><a target="" href="/news/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FORM=HDRSC4" h="ID=SERP,5030.1">News<div class="b_selectionArrow"> </div></a></li><li id="scope_tools_wrapper" class="tools_scope b_hide"><a href="javascript:void(0);" h="ID=SERP,5037.1">Tools</a></li></ul></div><div class="b_topbar"><div class="b_navbar"><div id="id_h" class="" role="complementary" aria-label="Account Rewards and Preferences" data-priority="2"><a id="id_l" class="id_button " aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="id_d" data-clarity-mask="true" href="javascript:void(0);" h="ID=SERP,5038.1"><span id="id_s" aria-hidden="false">Sign in</span><span class="sw_spd id_avatar" id="id_a" aria-hidden="false"></span><span id="id_n" style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></span><img id="id_p" class="id_avatar sw_spd" style="display:none" alt="Profile Picture" data-alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/></a><span id="id_d" _iid="SERP.5060"></span><a class="id_button toolTip" id="id_rh" aria-label="Microsoft Rewards " role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="bepfo" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,5046.1"><span id="id_rc" class="serp" data-priority="">Rewards</span><span id="rewards_header_icon serp" class="rwds_svg serp pc"><span class="rhlined serp"></span><span class="rhfill serp"></span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="rh_meter"><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="14" id="rh_animcrcl" class="serp" stroke-dasharray="88, 88" transform="rotate(-90,20,20)"></circle></svg></span></a><a class="b_hide" id="id_rwl" data-title="Microsoft Rewards" href="/rewards/dashboard" h="ID=SERP,5045.1"></a><span id="nc_iid" _IG="05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA" _iid="SERP.5044"></span><a id="id_sc" class="sw_pref" title="Settings and quick links" href="javascript:void(0);" h="ID=SERP,5059.1"></a><span id="id_scfo" _iid="SERP.5058" class="b_hide"></span></div></div></div><form action="/search" id="sb_form" class=""><a class="b_logoArea" target="" href="/?FORM=Z9FD1" h="ID=SERP,5032.1"><h1 class="b_logo" title="Back to Bing search"></h1></a><div class="b_searchboxForm" role="search"><input class="b_searchbox " id="sb_form_q" name="q" aria-autocomplete="both" aria-label="Enter your search here - Search suggestions will show as you type" type="search" value="Plain text wikipedia" maxlength="1000" dir="" autocapitalize="off" autocorrect="off" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" /><span class="b_searchboxSubmitWrapper"><input type="submit" class="b_searchboxSubmit" id="sb_form_go" title="Search" tabIndex="0" name="go" value="Search" /></span><input id="sa_qs" name="qs" value="ds" type="hidden" /><input type="hidden" value="QBRE" name="form" /></div></form></div><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ var logJSText=function(n,t){t===void 0&&(t=null);(new Image).src=_G.lsUrl+'&Type=Event.ClientInst&DATA=[{"T":"CI.ClientInst","FID":"CI","Name":"'+escape(n)+(t?'","Text":"'+escape(t):"")+'"}]'},getHref=function(){return location.href};try{var ignErr=["ResizeObserver loop","Script error"],maxErr=3,ignoreThisError=function(n,t){return(t===void 0&&(t=null),!ignErr.some(function(t){return n.includes(t)}))?!1:(t!=null&&(typeof sj_sp!="undefined"&&sj_sp(t),typeof sj_pd!="undefined"&&sj_pd(t)),!0)},regexEsc=function(n){return n.replace(/([.?*+^$&[\]\$){}|<>-])/g,"\\$1")},FireInstrumError=function(n){typeof sj_evt!="undefined"&&sj_evt.fire("ErrorInstrumentation",n)};window.jsErrorHandler=function(n){var u,y,s,nt,tt,r,f,it,e,l,a,o;try{if(u='"noMessage"',y=(n.error||n).message||u,ignoreThisError(y,n))return;if(s=(window.ERC?window.ERC:0)+1,window.ERC=s,s>maxErr){logJSText("max errors reached");return}var h=n.error||n,p=n.filename,w=n.lineno,b=n.colno,k=n.extra,c=h.severity||"Error",d=h.message||u,i=h.stack,t='"'+escape(d.replace(/"/g,""))+'"',g=new RegExp(regexEsc(getHref()),"g");if(i){for(nt=/\(([^$]+):[0-9]+:[0-9]+\)/g,r={};(tt=nt.exec(i))!==null;)f=tt[1],r[f]?r[f]++:r[f]=1;e=0;for(l in r)r[l]>1&&(a=regexEsc(l),it=new RegExp(a,"g"),i=i.replace(it,e),i+="#"+e+"="+a,e++);i=i.replace(g,"self").replace(/"/g,"");t+=',"Stack":"'+(escape(i)+'"')}if(p&&(t+=',"Meta":"'+escape(p.replace(g,"self"))+'"'),w&&(t+=',"Line":"'+w+'"'),b&&(t+=',"Char":"'+b+'"'),k&&(t+=',"ExtraInfo":"'+k+'"'),d===u)if(c="Warning",t+=',"ObjectToString":"'+n.toString()+'"',JSON&&JSON.stringify)t+=',"JSON":"'+escape(JSON.stringify(n))+'"';else for(o in n)n.hasOwnProperty(o)&&(t+=',"'+o+'":"'+n[o]+'"');var rt=(new Date).getTime(),ut='"T":"CI.'+c+'","FID":"CI","Name":"JS'+c+'","Text":'+t+"",ft="<E><T>Event.ClientInst<\/T><IG>"+_G.IG+"<\/IG><TS>"+rt+"<\/TS><D><![CDATA[[{"+ut+"}]]\]><\/D><\/E>",et="<ClientInstRequest><Events>"+ft+"<\/Events><STS>"+rt+"<\/STS><\/ClientInstRequest>",v=new XMLHttpRequest;v.open("POST","/fd/ls/lsp.aspx?",!0);v.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/xml");v.send(et);FireInstrumError(t)}catch(ot){logJSText("MetaJSError","Failed to execute error handler. "+ot.message)}};window.addEventListener&&(window.addEventListener("error",window.jsErrorHandler,!1),window.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",window.jsErrorHandler,!1));window.addEventListener||window.onerror||(window.onerror=function(n,t,i,r,u){var f,e;ignoreThisError(n)||(f="",typeof n=="object"&&n.srcElement&&n.srcElement.src?f="\"ScriptSrc = '"+escape(n.srcElement.src.replace(/'/g,""))+"'\"":(n=""+n,f='"'+escape(n.replace(/"/g,""))+'","Meta":"'+escape(t)+'","Line":'+i+',"Char": '+r,u&&u.stack&&(e=new RegExp(regexEsc(getHref()),"g"),f+=',"Stack":"'+escape(u.stack.replace(e,"self").replace(/"/g,"")+'"'))),(new Image).src=_G.lsUrl+'&Type=Event.ClientInst&DATA=[{"T":"CI.GetError","FID":"CI","Name":"JSGetError","Text":'+f+"}]",FireInstrumError(f))})}catch(e){logJSText("MetaJSError","Failed to bind error handler "+e.message)};(function(n){var i,r,t;if(document.querySelector){i=[];r="ad";function u(){var w=sb_gt(),l=document.documentElement,h=document.body,u=0,n=-1,b=l.clientHeight,a=["#b_results ."+_G.adc,".sb_adsWv2",".ads","#b_topw ."+_G.adc],t,f,o,p,c,s,r;if(h){t=0;f=document.querySelector("#b_pole .b_PolePAContainer");f&&(t=f.offsetHeight,n=f?f.offsetTop:n);var v=document.querySelector("#b_results #productAdCarousel"),e=document.querySelector("#b_results .pa_b_supertop"),y=document.querySelector("#b_results .bn_wide");for(e?(n=e?e.offsetTop:n,t=e.offsetHeight):y?t+=y.offsetHeight:v&&(t+=v.offsetHeight),u=t,o=0;o<a.length;o++)for(p=a[o],c=document.querySelectorAll(p),s=0;s<c.length;s++)r=c[s],r&&r.className.indexOf("b_adTop")!==-1&&(u+=r.offsetHeight,n===-1&&(n=r?r.offsetTop:-1));u===0&&(u=-1);i=[n,u,l.clientWidth,b,h.offsetWidth,h.offsetHeight,sb_gt()-w]}}n?(t=n.onbeforefire,n.onbeforefire=function(){t&&t();u();n.mark(r,i)}):(t=si_PP,si_PP=function(){u();var n='"'+r+'":['+i.join()+"]";_G.C1=_G.C1?_G.C1+","+n:n;t.apply(null,[].slice.apply(arguments))})}})(_w.pp);_w.AM=["live.com","azureedge.net","virtualearth.net","windows.net","onenote","hexun.com","dict.bing.com.cn","msn.com","variflight.com","bing.net","msftoffers.com","chinacloudapp.cn","cbsnews.com","swx.cdn.skype.com","swc.cdn.skype.com","latest-swx.cdn.skype.com","a.config.skype.com","b.config.skype.com","platform.bing.com","microsofttranslator.com","bing.com","facebook.net",".delve.office.com",".uservoice.com",".cdn.office.net","platform.twitter.com","cdn.syndication.twimg.com","spoprod-a.akamaihd.net","bingstatic.com","yahoo.co.jp","youtube.com","ytimg.com","r.msftstatic.com","rafd.bing.com","rafd.staging-bing-int.com","raka.bing.com","r.bing.com","r.staging-bing-int.com","raka.staging-bing-int.com","rcf.staging-bing-int.com","rcf.bing.com","s.cn.bing.net","xpaycdn-int.azureedge.net","xpaycdn.azureedge.net","ssl.kaptcha.com","tst.kaptcha.com","snrproxy.binginternal.com","snrproxyeast.binginternal.com","snrproxync.binginternal.com","snrproxysc.binginternal.com","snrproxywest.binginternal.com","cetonc.binginternal.com","cetosc.binginternal.com","cetoeast.binginternal.com","cetowest.binginternal.com","akam.bing.com","akam.staging-bing-int.com","ewlmaakam.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxyeast.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxync.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxysc.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxywest.staging-bing-int.com","cjfdbemmaeeohgibnhdhlakiahifjjcf","ewlmaakam.staging-bing-int.com","bngpiglbalmenaabohcooocpnljgfemj","rwww.bing.com","vlscppe.microsoft.com","ov-df.microsoft.com","content.lifecycle.officeppe.net","content.lifecycle.office.net","pmservices.cp.microsoft.com","paymentinstruments.mp.microsoft.com","paymentinstruments-int.mp.microsoft.com","edge.payments.microsoft.com","uniblends.www.microsoft.com","login.microsoftonline.com","login.live.com","fpt.microsoft.com","cdn.fluidpreview.office.net"];_w.APD=[".delve.office.com",".uservoice.com",".cdn.office.net","a.config.skype.com","abcnews.go.com","amazon.com","apps.powerapps.com","app.powerbi.com","app.powerbi.cn","app.powerbi.de","app.powerbigov.us","b.config.skype.com","bfb","bfb-int","bing.com","bing.net","bing-int.com","bingsandbox.com","bingweathermap.azureedge.net","bloomberg.com","c.tenor.com","cbsnews.com","cdn.syndication.twimg.com","channel9.msdn.com","chinacloudapp.cn","clarity.ms","cnn.com","covid19healthbot.cdc.gov","covid19healthbot-dev.cdc.gov","ctmbing.azurefd.net","dailymotion.com","dict.bing.com.cn","downvids.com","downvids.net","edition.cnn.com","embed.vevo.com","euronews.com","facebook.com","fave.api.cnn.io","hexun.com","huffingtonpost.com","idsync.rlcdn.com","ign.com","imdb.com","latest-swx.cdn.skype.com","live.com","login.live-int.com","mashable.com","microsoft.com","microsoftonline.com","microsofttranslator.com","mathsolver.microsoft.com","msecnd.net","msftoffers.com","msit.powerbi.com","msn.com","mtv.com","onenote","photosynth.net","platform.bing.com","platform.twitter.com","powerbi-df.analysis-df.windows.net","r.msftstatic.com","rafd.bing.com","rafd.staging-bing-int.com","raka.bing.com","r.bing.com","r.staging-bing-int.com","raka.staging-bing-int.com","rcf.staging-bing-int.com","rcf.bing.com","rottentomatoes.com","s.cn.bing.net","skype.com","snrproxy.binginternal.com","snrproxyeast.binginternal.com","snrproxync.binginternal.com","snrproxysc.binginternal.com","snrproxywest.binginternal.com","spoprod-a.akamaihd.net","substrate.office.com","swc.cdn.skype.com","swx.cdn.skype.com","variflight.com","video.disney.com","videoplayercdn.osi.office.net","vimeo.com","azureedge.net","virtualearth.net","web.powerapps.com","widgets.icanbuy.com","widgets.ign.com","windows.net","wsj.com","xpaycdn-int.azureedge.net","xpaycdn.azureedge.net","ssl.kaptcha.com","tst.kaptcha.com","yahoo.co.jp","youtube.com","ytimg.com","zdnet.com","chrome-extension://haldlgldplgnggkjaafhelgiaglafanh","player.twitch.tv","mixer.com","3pcookiecheck.azureedge.net","cetonc.binginternal.com","cetosc.binginternal.com","cetoeast.binginternal.com","cetowest.binginternal.com","akam.bing.com","akam.staging-bing-int.com","ewlmaakam.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxyeast.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxync.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxysc.staging-bing-int.com","akamproxywest.staging-bing-int.com","cjfdbemmaeeohgibnhdhlakiahifjjcf","bngpiglbalmenaabohcooocpnljgfemj","opentable.com","wolframalpha.com","mswolfram-staging-tm.office.net","instacart.com","kayak.com","klarna.com","redfin.com","shopify.com","zillow.com","rwww.bing.com","content.lifecycle.officeppe.net","content.lifecycle.office.net","pmservices.cp.microsoft.com","paymentinstruments.mp.microsoft.com","paymentinstruments-int.mp.microsoft.com","edge.payments.microsoft.com","uniblends.www.microsoft.com","login.microsoftonline.com","login.live.com","fpt.microsoft.com","challenges.cloudflare.com"];_w.APC=["bm_","fb_","panelWrapper","df_topAlAs","df_playBut","df_vidTime","na_cai","ckt_","Light","Dark","taskbar","ssSIV","square_","partial-det","tall_","item","sw_","syd_","sb_","sml","ftrd","sa_","id_","sc_","flt_","fc_","cca","tab-","emb","ctx","dc_","cipa","dict","btm","wtr","wpc","fin","sp-","carousel","vp_","vid","nav_","vt","va_","avc","cic","sports","lc_","bing","dmap_","pvc_","ans_","mcd","composite","mt_","irp","iap","tv","aggtv","irhc","vrh","det","tit","sub","col","card","hlsel","hlblk","ovl","ctpt","bubble","memodal","meoverlay","c_","spl-","microsoft","skp","saa","unlockButton","overlay","obf","MapPushpinBase","pa_","aa_","skype_","ftrSbR","quizContainer","alrt_","st_","expan","word","rpt_","o_","e_","searchbar","row","Traffic","tl","gray","bep","wk_","crs_","w10","personal","fs3_","ezp_","hp","post","mc_","fb","lgb","el_","perf","stb","PP","bw","infobubble","l_","ms-","NavBar_","cmt_","bottom","Copyright","upsell","ab_","w_","hlig","eachStep","close_","cGifIcon","cThIcon","autosuggest","showtimesMovie","sel","dish","formatShowtimes","wp_","hasExpandText","forecast","as_","ecmp","cmp","comp","userChat","bot","bTyp","team","serp","preG","option","azBxInsert","ec_","cs_","spin","skype-conversation","conversation","fs_","grammarly","filterBar","withFilters","textanno","mv_lm","usagTpVsDosage","trans_button_group","algo_action_template","meg_item","ev_","ol_","offer","embed","videoplayercdn","searchNearby","directionsPanel","dragOverlay","infobox","mss","noneG","usage","drImp","sf_","dfindOverModal","circuit","swc","CodeMirror","cm-s-default","msg msg-warning","LogoContainer","quadrantOverride","ac-","gc-","fsmd-","fsg-","fsmf-","msto_","rq","geoItm","bqaq_quotes","bqap_padding","loc","ent_cnt","r_mf","exp_","btOverlay","mnot_container","info_C","ev_talkbox_notification","ev_talkbox_wrapper_min","p_tr_","slide","bnc-","itr_poi","cg-","elmlr_","scrl","gam-","htv-","genel-","gs_","qo_","jss_","mapsresp","geochainContainer","scaleBar","ae-","CalendarSync","spl_","adbDef","layerFrame","esp-","elis-","elcan-","elec-","sharegeneralcard","edu_","br-","covt_dd","covt_dd_sel","msac_sel","msac_ddi","cov_tt_tr","cov_tt_tn","cov_","dr_","bt_","epv_","rich_card","mf-item-cntr","footer_mcp","ntro-","ntro_","th-answer-explanation-wrapper","th-questions-completed","th-next-question","th-modal-wrapper","th-show-hint-wrapper","th-show-hint-description","th-show-hint-example","th-word-carousel","th-audio-player","retail_btf","na_","news_","nws_","scs_","scadt","jb_","peregrine-","opalfeedblock","expnd_c","wfr_grid ldeft","rwgradienttitle","azuremediaplayer","amp-","vjs-","logo-title-row","rwrl","wpt_hdrs","actionitem","sl_","ml_","wc_","rcld_","pst_expand_btn","pst_collapse_btn","hdr_rating","disambig-outline","editor-","sto_","tt_","nc_","dr_","pt_","qna-","qna_","paahybrid_content","b_floatrt","pec_","maplibregl","atlas-map","marker-collection-container","popup-collection-container","popup-container","popup-content-container","atlas-control-container","fui-","recharts","edgwklg_","dime-","dm","msalSilentIframe","mw_","scriptor-","focus-container","rd_tfil-ajaxLoad","cf-turnstile-wrapper","rcp-"];_w.APC2=["-DS-","obf"];_w.APN=["fb_ovrly_cnt","b_bfb","b_bfb_context_ans","b_mapOverlay","m365ChatPromptLibraryDialogSurface","dime-sdk"];0;(function(){function t(t,i){var u=t.tagName;return(u==="SCRIPT"&&(n.href=t.src)||u==="OBJECT"&&t.type&&t.type.indexOf("flash")>0&&(n.href=t.data))&&n.href.length>0&&n.hostname.length>0&&n.hostname!==location.hostname&&!e(n.hostname)?(sj_log("CI.AntiMalware",i,u.substr(0,1)+":"+n.href.substr(0,r)),!1):(t.getAttribute&&(t.getAttribute("data-rms")||t.getAttribute("data-bing-script"))&&t.setAttribute("nonce",o),!0)}function e(n){for(var t=0;t<i.length;t++)if(n.indexOf(i[t])>=0)return!0;return!1}var i=_w.AM,r=100,n=document.createElement("A"),o=_G.IG.substr(0,6),u,f;document.write=function(n){n.length>0&&sj_log("CI.AntiMalware","DW",n.substr(0,r))};typeof Element!="undefined"&&Element.prototype&&(u=Element.prototype.appendChild,Element.prototype.appendChild=function(n){return t(n,"AC")?u.apply(this,arguments):null},f=Element.prototype.insertBefore,Element.prototype.insertBefore=function(n){return t(n,"IB")?f.apply(this,arguments):null})})();var NetworkPerformance;(function(){function n(){var r=window.navigator,n,t=0,i=0;typeof r!="undefined"&&(n=r.connection);typeof n!="undefined"&&(t=n.rtt||t,i=n.downlink||i,typeof Log!="undefined"&&typeof Log.Log==typeof Function&&Log.Log("NetworkPerformance","NetworkPerformanceDetails","timinginfo",!1,"Rtt",t.toString(),"Downlink",i.toString()))}sj_evt.bind("onPP",n,!0)})(NetworkPerformance||(NetworkPerformance={}));var DynScopes;(function(n){function s(n,f,e,o,s){i||(t=n,r=o,u=s,sj_evt.fire("dynamicscopesrearranging",f),u||(c(f),y(e)),sj_evt.bind("onP1",h),i=!0)}function h(){if(sj_cook&&sj_cook.set&&sj_cook.clear){var n="dsc";sj_cook.clear(n,"/");t&&sj_cook.set(n,"order",t,!1,"/")}}function c(n){var f=p(),i,u,e,o,t;if(f){if(i=f.children,n){var h=n.split(","),i=f.children,c=i.length,s=[],a=[];for(t=0;t<h.length;t++)u=h[t].split(":"),u&&u.length==2&&(e=parseInt(u[0]),o=parseInt(u[1]),e<c&&o<c&&(s[o]=i[e].innerHTML,a[o]=i[e].id));for(t=0;t<s.length;t++)i[t].innerHTML=s[t],i[t].id=a[t]}r&&l(i);f.className=""}}function l(n){for(var i,r,u,t=0;t<n.length;t++)if(n[t].id===e||n[t].id===o){i=n.length-1;t!=i&&(r=n[t].innerHTML,u=n[t].id,t<i?a(n,t,i):v(n,i,t),n[i].innerHTML=r,n[i].id=u,sj_evt.fire("dynamicchatscoperelocate"));break}}function a(n,t,i){for(var r=t;r<i;r++)n[r].innerHTML=n[r+1].innerHTML,n[r].id=n[r+1].id}function v(n,t,i){for(var r=i;r>t;r--)n[r].innerHTML=n[r-1].innerHTML,n[r].id=n[r-1].id}function y(n){var u,f,t,e,i,s,r,o;if(n&&(f=n.split(":"),t=w(),(u=t===null||t===void 0?void 0:t.children)===null||u===void 0?void 0:u.length))for(e=t.children,i=0;i<f.length;i++)for(s="b-scopeListItem-"+f[i],r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(o=e[r],o.id===s){t.removeChild(o);break}}function p(){var n=_d.querySelectorAll(".b_scopebar > .b_scopehide");return n&&n.length>0?n[0]:null}function w(){var n=_d.querySelectorAll(".b_scopebar");return(n===null||n===void 0?void 0:n.length)?n[0].firstChild:null}var i=!1,t,r=!1,u=!1,f="b-scopeListItem-",e=f+"conv",o=f+"convups";n.init=s})(DynScopes||(DynScopes={}));var Identity; (function(Identity) { Identity.sglid =false; Identity.orgIdPhotoUrl ="https://business.bing.com/api/v3/search/person/photo?caller=IP\u0026id={0}"; Identity.setLoginPreference =false; Identity.isExplicitMsaSignIn =false; })(Identity || (Identity = {}));;var wlc_d =10, wlc_t =63868037988, wlc_wfa =false;;window.data_iid = "SERP.5053";;_G.AppVer="51594545"; //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=" >//<![CDATA[ _G.FCT=new Date; //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=" >//<![CDATA[ _G.BCT=new Date; //]]></script><style type="text/css">#b_content a.b_LinksColorMD,#b_content a:visited.b_LinksColorMD{color:#1a73e8}.b_CursorProgress{cursor:progress}#b_results .b_expando .b_icbtns .ibs_btn,#b_context .b_icbtns .ibs_btn,#b_pole .b_icbtns .ibs_btn{border-color:#106ebe;color:#106ebe}#b_content #b_context .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn,#b_content #b_context .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn:visited,#b_content #b_results .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn,#b_content #b_results .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn:visited,#b_content #b_context .b_sgmbtns .b_tpoptbtn,#b_content #b_context .b_sgmbtns .b_tpoptbtn:visited,#b_content #b_results .b_sgmbtns .b_tpoptbtn,#b_content #b_results .b_sgmbtns .b_tpoptbtn:visited{border-color:#106ebe;background-color:#106ebe}.listCard.vertcard a.ibs_1btns .ibs_btn .b_primtxt,.listCard.vertcard a.ibs_2btns .ibs_btn .b_primtxt{color:#106ebe}.wk_buttons .wk_button .cbtn input,.wq_tq_sbutton2 .cbtn input[type="submit"],#ifeu a#GoToButton,#b_results li .coupon>button,#b_context li .coupon>button,#b_content .gtOfferBtn,#b_content .b_ans .rebatesBanner a.cbtn,#b_content .wpc_module .rebatesBanner a.cbtn,.wpc_module .rebatesBanner a.cbtn,#b_content .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn,#b_content .b_sgmbtns a.cbtn:visited{background-color:#106ebe !important;color:#fff !important;border-color:#106ebe !important}#b_results .br-seemrbtnCntnt,#b_context .br-seemrbtnCntnt,#b_results .jb_see_all_btn,#b_results .wiki_seemore,.b_rich .iaplanner .iasabt,.salink .vasabt,.fb_seemorebutton,.sa_main .sa_sabt,.b_saContainer .sa_sabt,#b_results .ans_nws .new_see_more_container .new_see_more,.wfr_smlk,#b_content #b_pole #ans_nws .new_see_more{background-color:#106ebe !important}#financeAnswer .b_sideBleed .HeroTab .tab-active{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #106ebe !important;color:#106ebe !important}.toggle_img.overlay.toggle_on .indicator{fill:#106ebe !important}.b_filterButton.b_selected:not(.b_neutral),.tfil-sc-g .tfil-active{border-color:#106ebe !important;background-color:#106ebe !important}#ans_nws .tfil-sc-g .tfil-active{background-color:#767676 !important;border-color:#767676 !important}#lmfilters .lm_gfs .ftrH.b_selected,#lmfilters .lm_gfs .ftrH.b_selected:hover{border-color:#106ebe !important}#b_content #lMapContainer .advanceFilters .filterBar.lmFilters .ftrH.b_selected,#b_content #lMapContainer .advanceFilters .lm_filters .ftrH.b_selected,#b_content #lMapContainer .advanceFilters .b_filterButton.b_selected,#b_content #lMapContainer .advanceFilters .filterBar.lmFilters .ftrH.adv_clicked,#b_content #lMapContainer .advanceFilters .lm_filters .ftrH.adv_clicked{border-color:#106ebe !important;background-color:#106ebe !important}.tfil-sc-p .tfil-active,#b_filterBar .filtBarItem.selectedFilter,#b_filterBar #b_searchThisArea>span{border-color:#106ebe !important;background-color:#106ebe !important}#b_content .aqptmt .slide a.rel_ent{border-color:#106ebe}#b_content .b_imgans .aqptmt .slide a.rel_ent{border-color:#ddd}#lgb_info .lgb_facts svg path.gray50_fill,.b_entityTP .infoModule svg:not(#sacamerasvg) path.gray50_fill,.b_wftp_tms .infoModule svg path.gray50_fill,.b_lstp_tms .infoModule svg path.gray50_fill{fill:#106ebe}#b_content .b_rbubble.b_rselected{background-color:#106ebe;border-color:#106ebe}#b_content .b_cvnMtLink>a{border-color:#106ebe}#b_results #df_listaa .b_vPanel .df_hd .b_primtxt{color:#106ebe}#b_content .radio-container .checkmarked:after{background:#106ebe;border-color:#106ebe}#b_content .radio-container input:checked~.checkmarked{border-color:#106ebe}#warningsvg path.gray70_fill{fill:#106ebe}#b_tween{position:relative}#b_tween>div,#b_tween>span:not(.b_hide),#b_tween_searchTools>div,#b_tween_searchTools>span{display:inline-block}#b_content:not(.mapOverlayOnSerp) .b_hidetoggletween{display:none}#b_content:not(.mapOverlayOnSerp) #b_tween.b_hidetoggletween,#b_tween>div.b_hide{display:none}#b_tween_searchResults{line-height:30px}#b_tween_searchTools{height:30px}#b_tween>div>span{padding-right:25px}#b_tween #b_tween_searchTools .ftrH{padding-left:0}#b_tween .ftrB .b_dropdown{z-index:9}.ftrB{position:relative}.ftrH,.ftrHd,.ftrD>a,.ftrD>div{white-space:nowrap;height:36px;line-height:36px;padding:0 16px}.ftrD{max-height:216px;overflow:hidden;min-width:125px}.amazonBackground{background:#f2f2f2 !important}.ftrD>a,.ftrD>div{display:block}.ftrS .ftrD{margin-right:10px}.ftrSbR{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:100%;margin:5px 0;padding-right:3px}.ftrB .sw_ddbk{margin:2px 0 2px 7px}.ftrB .sw_tpcg,.ftrB .sw_tpcbl{margin:0 0 0 14px}.ftrH,.ftrHd,.ftrB .sw_ddbk,.ftrB .sw_tpcg,.ftrB .sw_tpcbl{display:inline-block;zoom:1}#b_tween a.ftrH{height:30px;line-height:30px;background-color:transparent;border:none;border-radius:16px;max-width:220px;padding:0 15px}#b_tween .ftrB.b_time_filter_bold a.ftrH{font-weight:bold}#b_tween .ftrB a.ftrH.b_selected,#b_tween .ftrB a.ftrH:hover,#b_tween .ftrB a.ftrH:focus{color:#111;cursor:pointer;background-color:#fff}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){#b_tween a.ftrH,div.b_dropdown .ftrD a{color:WindowText}}#b_tween .ftrB .b_dropdown{position:absolute;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-top:6px;min-width:160px;overflow:hidden;animation:.25s ease 0s 1 normal forwards tweenDropDown}#b_tween .ftrB .b_dropdown.hasError{max-height:350px !important}#b_tween .ftrB .b_dropdown.hasError .ftrD{max-height:350px}@keyframes tweenDropDown{from{max-height:0}to{max-height:312px}}#b_tween .b_dropdown .b_toggle{font-size:13px;color:#666}#b_tween .b_dropdown .b_selected{color:#111;background:#f5f5f5 !important}#b_tween .b_dropdown .b_highlighted{color:#111;font-weight:bold}.filDrop{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px;font-size:9px;vertical-align:bottom}#ntf_newtabfil{display:inline-block;padding-right:40px;font-size:14px}#ntf_newtabfil:hover{color:#111}#ntf_newtabfil .nt_tit{width:auto;margin-right:8px}#ntf_newtabfil .nt_val{margin-bottom:1px}.toggle_hidden{display:none}.toggle_ctrl{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;width:38px;height:16px;overflow:hidden}.toggle_img{position:relative;top:0;left:0}.toggle_label{display:inline-block;width:173px;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none}.no_outline .toggle_item{outline:none}.toggle_item{cursor:pointer}.toggle_img{position:relative;top:-18px;left:0}.toggle_img img{width:150px}.toggle_img.disabled{left:-76px}.toggle_img.overlay{left:-38px}.toggle_img.overlay.disabled{left:-114px}.toggle_img.toggle_on{top:0}#b_results .b_algo .b_vlist2col.b_deep{color:#767676}#b_results .b_algo .b_vlist2col.b_deep ul{width:274px}#b_results .b_algo .b_vlist2col.b_deep,#b_results .b_algo .b_deep.b_moreLink{padding-left:16px}#b_results .b_algo .b_vlist2col.b_deep>ul:first-child{margin-right:0}#b_results .b_algo .b_vlist2col.b_deep>ul:nth-child(2){margin-left:44px}#b_results .b_algo form.b_externalSearch{margin-left:16px}z{a:1}.b_caption.b_snippetgobig p{font-size:18px;line-height:24px !important;color:#111}.b_algo.b_algoBorder{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);border-radius:0}#b_results>li.b_algoBorder{margin-top:8px;padding-top:15px}#b_results>li.b_algoBorder.b_algo_feedback{margin-bottom:19px;position:relative}.b_gobig_feedback{position:absolute;right:19px;bottom:-21px}#b_results>li.b_algoBorder.b_algo_feedback+li.b_ans.b_mop.b_mopb{margin-top:28px}a{a:1}#b_results .b_wikiRichcard p{display:inline;line-height:22px}.b_wikiRichcard .b_promoteText{font-weight:bold}.b_wikiRichcard .tab-head{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;margin-bottom:12px}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .wikiRichcard_heroSection{padding-bottom:12px}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .wikiRichcard_heroSection p{color:#111}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .tab-content p,#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .tab-content a{color:#444}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .tab-container a{border-bottom:1px dashed #ccc}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard a.b_mopexpref{border-bottom:none}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .tab-container a:hover{background-color:#ebf4ff;height:20px;border-radius:2px;text-decoration:none}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard .inline>a:hover{background-color:transparent;text-decoration:none}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard a[href*="wikipedia.org"],#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard a[href*="wikipedia.org"]:hover,#b_results .b_wikiRichcard .wiki_attr a,#b_results .b_wikiRichcard .wiki_attr a:hover{border-bottom:none}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard a[href*="wikipedia.org"]:hover,#b_results .b_wikiRichcard .wiki_attr a:hover{text-decoration:underline;background-color:#fff}.b_wikiRichcard .wiki_attr{padding-bottom:10px;line-height:1.2em}#b_results>li .b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_wikiRichcard p{line-height:20px;color:#666;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:5;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:0}.b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_imagePair .b_wikiRichcard_image{float:right;margin-top:2px}.b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_wikiRichcard .b_clearfix.b_overflow{line-height:20px}.b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_imagePair .b_wikiRichcard_image_caption{margin-right:110px}.b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_imagePair .sml{display:none}#b_results li.b_algoBigWiki:hover h2 a{text-decoration:underline}.b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection .b_floatR_img{padding:0 0 10px 10px}.mc_fh{height:100%;border-radius:6px}.mc_tc_bs{overflow:hidden}.b_mapImg .cico,.sa_as .cico,#reviews_tp .cico{border-radius:0}.cico{overflow:hidden;border-radius:6px}.clpimg,.clpdimg,.bsimg{width:100%}.cico picture{line-height:0;display:block}.pvc_title_with_frows{padding-bottom:10px}.paratitle .actionmenu{float:right;margin-top:-26px}.paratitle .actionmenu::after{float:none}.b_paractl,#b_results .b_paractl{line-height:1.5em;padding-bottom:10px}.btm_sml a{line-height:16px;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.btm_sml{padding-bottom:10px}.btm_sml .expansionDefaultText,.btm_sml .expansionCustomizedText{display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1}.expandChevronContainer{display:inline-block;*display:inline}.expandChevronContainer.hasExpandText{line-height:16px;vertical-align:middle}.btm_sml .expandChevronContainer>*{margin-left:8px;display:inline-block;*display:inline}.btm_sml .sw_plus,.btm_sml .sw_minus,.sml .sw_plus,.sml .sw_minus{display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;margin:0 5px 1px 0}.b_tblWithExpansion .btm_sml,.b_tblWithExpansion .sml{padding-bottom:10px}.b_relative .btm_sml,.b_relative .sml{letter-spacing:2px}.inline{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;*display:inline;zoom:1}.sml.inline .sw_plus,.sml.inline .sw_minus{margin:0}.hidden_nostyle{padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important}.exp_slide{overflow:hidden;opacity:1;-webkit-transition:height ease-in-out 350ms,opacity ease-in-out 350ms;-moz-transition:height ease-in-out 350ms,opacity ease-in-out 350ms;-o-transition:height ease-in-out 350ms,opacity ease-in-out 350ms;transition:height ease-in-out 350ms,opacity ease-in-out 350ms}.exp_slide.b_hide{display:block;opacity:0;height:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;border-top:0 !important;border-bottom:0 !important}body.exp_scroll{-webkit-transition:margin-top ease-in-out 350ms;-moz-transition:margin-top ease-in-out 350ms;-o-transition:margin-top ease-in-out 350ms;transition:margin-top ease-in-out 350ms}.b_ans .btm_sml{border-top:1px solid #cdcdcd}#b_context .b_ans .btm_sml{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml{border-top:0}#b_results>.b_ans .btm_sml a,#b_results>.b_ans .btm_sml a:visited,#b_context>.b_ans .btm_sml a,#b_context>.b_ans .btm_sml a:visited{color:#444}.b_ans.b_top .btm_sml a,.b_ans.b_top .btm_sml a:hover{background-color:transparent}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a{background-color:#f9f9f9}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a:hover{background-color:#eee}.b_dark .b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a,.b_dark .b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a:hover{background-color:#323130}.b_ans.b_top .btm_sml{padding-bottom:10px}.b_ans.b_top .btm_sml a{margin-bottom:0}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml{padding-bottom:0}.b_ans.b_topborder .sydwrap_wrapper .btm_sml{padding-bottom:10px}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a{margin-bottom:-10px}.btm_sml a{display:block}.b_ans .btm_sml a{line-height:40px;height:40px}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml a{line-height:48px;height:48px}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml .newexpcont{height:32px;line-height:32px}.b_sydConvMode .b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml .newexpcont{height:48px;line-height:32px}#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml .b_mopexpref,#b_results .b_ans.b_mop .btm_sml .b_mopexpref{height:16px;line-height:16px;color:#001ba0}.b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml .b_segoeMDL2{font-family:"Segoe MDL2 Assets"}.btm_sml{position:relative}#b_context .b_ans .btm_sml a{line-height:40px;height:40px}.b_top .sa_cpoc .b_expando .btm_sml .expandChevronContainer>*,#b_context .b_ans .btm_sml .expandChevronContainer>*{margin-top:15px;margin-right:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.sa_cpoc .b_expando .btm_sml{border-top:1px solid #bbb}#b_results .b_top .sa_cpoc .b_expando .btm_sml .b_expDesk{text-align:left}#b_results .b_top .sa_cpoc .b_expando .btm_sml a{margin:0}#b_results .b_top .sa_cpoc .b_expando .btm_sml .expansionCustomizedText{color:#444}.b_top .sml.topanswer a,.b_top .btm_sml a{background-color:#f9f9f9;margin:0 -19px -10px -19px;display:block;text-decoration:none;text-align:center}.b_top .sml.topanswer a{line-height:35px;outline:none}.b_top .btm_sml .leftAlign{text-align:left}.b_top .btm_sml a{line-height:40px;height:40px;vertical-align:middle}.b_top .btm_sml{padding-bottom:0}.b_top .btm_sml a:hover,.b_top .sml.topanswer a:hover{background-color:#eee}.b_top .btm_sml a .expansionDefaultText{display:none;text-align:center}.b_top .btm_sml a .expansionCustomizedText{text-align:left;padding:0 0 0 19px;display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1}.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronDown,.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronUp{background-repeat:no-repeat;height:9px;width:16px;display:inline-block;*display:inline;zoom:1;background-position:0 0;margin:0 19px 0 12px}.b_top .btm_sml .expandChevronContainer{line-height:40px;vertical-align:middle}.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronDown.noExpandText,.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronUp.noExpandText{margin:0}.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronUp.hasExpandText,.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronDown.hasExpandText{margin-bottom:0}#b_results>.b_top .btm_sml a,#b_results>.b_top .btm_sml a:visited{color:#444}.e_mhdr .btm_sml a{padding:0;border-top:0;margin-top:10px}.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronUp{background-image:url(/rp/c4pKlVbt2KgY9wFQXYe8KqoHuzQ.png)}.b_top .btm_sml .expansionChevronDown{background-image:url(/rp/ak5A-kIzM-v9JjRbH7FaoGRYoEw.png)}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml .expandChevronContainer.hasExpandText{margin-top:-4px}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml .b_expDesk{height:48px}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml .b_expDeskNoText{height:32px}#b_results .b_ans.b_topborder .btm_sml .newexpcont{height:auto}#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerDown:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 2px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.18)}#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerDown,#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerDown:active{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerUp:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 -2px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.18)}#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerUp,#b_results .b_topborder .chevronContainerUp:active{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 -2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml a .expansionCustomizedText{padding:0}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml a .b_expcol{padding:0;color:transparent}#b_results .b_top .sydwrap_wrapper .btm_sml a .b_expcol{color:#444}#b_results .b_topborder .b_expwide{margin-left:50%}#b_results .b_topborder .b_expChevTOP{margin-left:50%}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml.b_expV3,#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml.b_expV3{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml.b_expV3{padding-bottom:0}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml.b_expV3 a,#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml.b_expV3 a{box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 #000;box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);border:1px solid #ddd;color:#666;height:40px;line-height:40px;border-radius:20px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:-30px}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml.b_expV3 a svg,#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml.b_expV3 a svg{padding-left:10px}#b_results .b_top .btm_sml.b_expV3 a:hover,#b_results .b_ans:not(.b_top):not(.b_topborder) :not(.b_entityTP) .btm_sml.b_expV3 a:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 4px 1px #000;box-shadow:0 2px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14);border:1px solid #ccc;color:#111}#b_results .b_top.b_tophb .btm_sml.b_expV3 a{margin-bottom:-35px}.b_ans .b_sideBleed,.b_algo .b_sideBleed,.b_ad .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}.b_ans.b_topborder .b_sideBleed,.b_ans.b_nonfirsttopb .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-19px;margin-right:-19px}.b_topborder .b_bottomBleed,.b_nonfirsttopb .b_bottomBleed{margin-bottom:-10px}.b_tophbb .b_bottomBleed{margin-bottom:-19px}.b_topborder .b_topBleed,.b_nonfirsttopb .b_topBleed{margin-top:-15px}.b_tophbb .b_topBleed{margin-top:-15px}#b_context .b_ans .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}#b_context .b_ad .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-20px;margin-right:-20px}#b_context .b_ans:not(:last-child) .b_bottomBleed{margin-bottom:-5px}#b_context .b_ad:not(:last-child) .b_bottomBleed .b_expando .b_ans .b_bottomBleed{margin-bottom:-15px}#b_context .b_ans .b_topBleed{margin-top:-10px}#b_context .b_ad .b_topBleed{margin-top:-10px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_sideBleed,#b_context .b_ad .pa_sb .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-19px;margin-right:-19px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_topBleed,#b_context .b_ad .pa_sb .b_topBleed{margin-top:-9px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_bottomBleed{margin-bottom:-4px}.b_ans .b_sideBleed .b_antiSideBleed,.b_algo .b_sideBleed .b_antiSideBleed,.b_ad .b_sideBleed .b_antiSideBleed{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.b_ans.b_topborder .b_antiSideBleed,.b_ans.b_nonfirsttopb .b_antiSideBleed{padding-left:19px;padding-right:19px}.b_topborder .b_bottomBleed .b_antiBottomBleed,.b_nonfirsttopb .b_bottomBleed .b_antiBottomBleed{padding-bottom:10px}.b_topborder .b_topBleed .b_antiTopBleed,.b_nonfirsttopb .b_topBleed .b_antiTopBleed{padding-top:15px}.b_tophbb .b_bottomBleed .b_antiBottomBleed{padding-bottom:19px}.b_tophbb .b_topBleed .b_antiTopBleed{padding-top:15px}#b_context .b_ans .b_antiSideBleed{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#b_context .b_ad .b_antiSideBleed{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}#b_context .b_ans:not(:last-child) .b_antiBottomBleed{padding-bottom:5px}#b_context .b_ad:not(:last-child) .b_antiBottomBleed,.b_expando .b_ans .b_bottomBleed{padding-bottom:15px}#b_context .b_ans .b_antiTopBleed{padding-top:10px}#b_context .b_ad .b_antiTopBleed{padding-top:10px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_antiSideBleed,#b_context .b_ad .pa_sb .b_antiSideBleed{padding-left:19px;padding-right:19px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_antiTopBleed,#b_context .b_ad .pa_sb .b_antiTopBleed{padding-top:9px}#b_context .b_ans .b_entityTP .b_antiBottomBleed{padding-bottom:4px}.cipt,.cipg,.cipa,.cipl,.ciptr,.ciplr{display:inline-block}.cipa,.cipl,.ciplr{cursor:pointer}.vab{vertical-align:bottom}.vam{vertical-align:middle}.vat{vertical-align:top}.vabl{vertical-align:baseline}.vatt{vertical-align:text-top;border-radius:0}.vatb{vertical-align:text-bottom}.ChevronDown12,.ChevronUp12{background:url(/rp/QKlTrqL25sGDqfRYQjkMWJWDeG8.png) no-repeat;background-size:494px 58px;width:12px;height:12px}.ChevronDown12{background-position:-372px 0}.ChevronUp12{background-position:-372px -14px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){#bpage.b_med .ChevronDown12{background-position:-386px 0}#bpage.b_med .ChevronUp12{background-position:-386px -14px}}#bpage.b_drk .ChevronDown12{background-position:-386px 0}#bpage.b_drk .ChevronUp12{background-position:-386px -14px}.cipt,.cipl{margin-right:10px}.cipt .cico,.cipl .cico,.ciptr .cico,.ciplr .cico{border-radius:0}.b_action>.cipt,.b_action>.cipl{float:left}.ciptr,.ciplr{margin-left:10px}body .cipt,body .cipg,body .cipa,body .cipl,body .ciptr,body .ciplr{display:inline;zoom:1}.expansionAccessibilityText { display: none; }.tab-container{overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:10px}.tab-head{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%}.tab-menu{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top;width:100%}.tab-menu.tab-hasnav{margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px;height:32px;line-height:32px}.tab-menu ul{list-style:none;margin-left:0}.tab-menu ul.sp_1{transition:margin 320ms cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-menu ul.sp_2{transition:margin 400ms cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-menu ul.sp_3{transition:margin 460ms cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-menu ul.sp_4{transition:margin 560ms cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-menu ul.sp_5{transition:margin 680ms cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-menu.tab-flex ul{display:flex}ul.tab-notrans{transition:none}.tab-menu li,.tab-navl,.tab-navr{display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;text-align:center;line-height:32px;height:32px;width:32px}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.tab-navr svg,.tab-navl svg{fill:WindowText}}.tab-menu li.tab-active,.tab-navl.tab-disable,.tab-navr.tab-disable{cursor:default}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast){.tab-menu li.tab-active{border-bottom:1px solid WindowText;height:30px}}.tab-menu li{padding:0 16px;margin-right:2px}.tab-fullwidth li{margin-right:0}.tab-navl.tab-disable,.tab-navr.tab-disable{background-color:#ececec}.tab-navl.tab-disable:hover,.tab-navr.tab-disable:hover{background-color:#ececec}.tab-navl.tab-disable .sv_ch,.tab-navr.tab-disable .sv_ch{fill:#444;opacity:.2}.tab-navl.tab-disable .sv_ch :hover,.tab-navr.tab-disable .sv_ch :hover{fill:#444;opacity:.2}.tab-navl:hover,.tab-navr:hover{background-color:#f5f5f5}.tab-navl .sv_ch :hover,.tab-navr .sv_ch :hover{fill:#111}.tab-menu li.tab-active{line-height:32px}.tab-menu.tab-fullwidth li.tab-active{box-shadow:none;line-height:32px;background-color:#ececec;color:#111;border:0;border-top:none}.tab-content{white-space:normal}.tab-hide{display:none}.tab-ajaxLoad{background:url(/rp/Dq3c4WiQf6W_1npctmuqOl5qkG0.gif) no-repeat;width:40px;height:60px;background-size:40px 40px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;top:60px;padding-bottom:30px;transform:translateY(-30px);-webkit-animation:.4s linear 0s 1 normal forwards delayLoader;animation:.4s linear 0s 1 normal forwards delayLoader}@-webkit-keyframes delayLoader{0%{opacity:0}99%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}@keyframes delayLoader{0%{opacity:0}99%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}.tab-ajaxCompleted{transition:transform .32s cubic-bezier(.3,.55,.1,1)}.tab-ajaxError{margin:30px 0 0;text-align:center}.tab-menu.tab-flex>ul>li{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.tab-menu li{overflow:hidden;-ms-text-overflow:ellipsis;text-overflow:ellipsis;vertical-align:top}.tab-menu li:last-child{margin-right:0}.tab-head,.tab-menu>ul{height:32px}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-menu li{background-color:transparent;color:#444;opacity:.8}.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-menu li{background-color:transparent;color:#fff;opacity:.8}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-menu li:hover,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-menu li:hover{box-shadow:none;border-top:0}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navl,.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navr,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navl,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navr{background-color:transparent}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-menu li.tab-active{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #444;opacity:1}.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-menu li.tab-active{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #fff;opacity:1}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-menu.tab-fullwidth li,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-menu.tab-fullwidth li{box-shadow:none;border-top:0;font-weight:normal}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navl span,.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navr span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navl span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navr span{background-image:url(/rp/S9lIHAMBy7JxaR5m1KRvMwDswyw.png);background-size:30px 150px;background-repeat:no-repeat;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;display:block}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navl span,.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navr span{background-position:0 -60px}.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navl span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navr span{background-position:0 0}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navl span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navl span{transform:scaleX(-1);-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);-moz-transform:scaleX(-1);-o-transform:scaleX(-1)}.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navl.tab-disable span,.tab-head.tab-customLight .tab-navr.tab-disable span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navl.tab-disable span,.tab-head.tab-customDark .tab-navr.tab-disable span{background-position:0 -30px}.tab-menu li,.tab-navl,.tab-navr{color:#737373}.tab-menu li{background-color:#eee;color:#444}.tab-fullwidth li{background-color:#eee}.tab-navl,.tab-navr{background-color:#eee;user-select:none}.tab-menu li:hover{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #ccc;background-color:#f5f5f5;color:#111;border-top:none}.tab-menu li.tab-active{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #de3700;background-color:#ececec;color:#111;border-top:none}.b_ad .tab-flex li:hover,.tab-flex li:hover{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #ccc;background-color:#f5f5f5;color:#111;border-top:none}.b_ad .tab-flex li.tab-active,.tab-flex li.tab-active{box-shadow:inset 0 -3px 0 0 #de3700;background-color:#ececec;color:#111;border-top:none}@media(forced-colors:active){.b_ad .tab-flex li.tab-active,.tab-flex li.tab-active{position:relative}.b_ad .tab-flex li.tab-active::after,.tab-flex li.tab-active::after{content:"";background-color:#de3700;display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:3px;forced-color-adjust:none}}.tab-menu li:hover{border-top:2px solid #1020d0;box-shadow:none}.tab-menu li.tab-active{border-top:2px solid #f84e29;box-shadow:none}.tab-menu>ul{height:32px}div .tab-menu,div .tab-menu li,div .tab-navl,div .tab-navr{display:inline;zoom:1}.fdbk_thmb_root{display:inline-block;position:relative;float:right}.fdbk_hide{display:none !important}.fdbtext{display:inline-block;margin-right:3px;font-size:11px;line-height:15px;vertical-align:middle;color:#767676}#bpage.b_drk .fdbtext{color:#d2d0ce}.fdbk_thmb_root_mob .fdbtext{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;color:#666}.fdbk_thmb_root>a{display:inline-block;width:15px;height:15px;margin-left:6px;padding:0;background-size:15px;vertical-align:middle}.fdbk_thmb_root>a.thumb_n{transform:scaleY(-1)}.fdbk_thmb_root_mob.fdbk_thmb_root>a{width:20px;height:20px;background-size:20px}.fdbtext>span,.fdbtext>a{margin-left:4px}.fdbk_thmb_root>a.thumb_y.active{margin-left:0}.fdbk_emotion{display:none;position:absolute;right:0;width:50px;height:50px;opacity:0;animation:emotion 1s ease-in-out .1s 1 normal forwards;-webkit-animation:emotion 1s ease-in-out .1s 1 normal forwards;-o-animation:emotion 1s ease-in-out .1s 1 normal forwards;-moz-animation:emotion 1s ease-in-out .1s 1 normal forwards}.fdbk_emotion .sat_img,.fdbk_emotion .dsat_img{display:none;width:50px;height:50px;opacity:.9}.fdbk_emotion.sat .sat_img,.fdbk_emotion.dsat .dsat_img{display:inline-block}.fdbk_emotion.sat{display:block;margin:-50px 3px 0 0}.fdbk_thmb_root_mob .fdbk_emotion.sat{margin:-50px 11px 0 0}.fdbk_emotion.dsat{display:block;margin:-50px -18px 0 0}.fdbk_thmb_root_mob .fdbk_emotion.dsat{margin:-50px -15px 0 0}@-webkit-keyframes emotion{50%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-10px)}}@keyframes emotion{50%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-10px)}}.fdbk_thmb_root>a.thumb{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,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)}.fdbk_thmb_root>a:hover,.fdbk_thmb_root>a:active,.fdbk_thmb_root>a.active{background-image:url(/rp/oIh0lv8-r1C0l7JNB8ZsnpYC90s.png)}#b_content #b_results .b_tpcn .tpic .wr_fav{border-radius:6px}#b_results .b_tpcn .tpic .wr_fav .siteicon img{border-radius:4px}.b_tpcn .sw_ddgn:after{transform-origin:-180px -52px}#b_results .b_algo{position:relative}#b_results .b_algo .tpic .wr_fav{position:relative}#b_results .tpic .wr_fav .siteicon img{width:16px;height:16px;position:absolute;border-radius:4px;left:5px;top:5px}#b_results .tpic .wr_fav img.siteicon.rms_img{width:16px;height:16px}#b_results .tilk{display:flex}.b_algo{position:relative}#b_results .b_algo .b_tpcn,#b_results .b_algo .b_tpcn>strong{border-bottom:none;padding:0 0;margin:0 0;display:flex;position:relative}.b_algo .b_tpcn>.tilk,.b_algo .b_tpcn strong>.tilk{padding-bottom:4px}.b_algo .b_tpcn .tpic{display:flex;height:38px;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;margin-right:8px}#b_results .b_algo .b_tpcn .b_attribution{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:0;height:20px;line-height:20px;font-size:13px;display:flex}#b_results .b_algo .tpic .wr_fav{width:26px;height:26px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #ececec;background-color:#f5f5f5;border-radius:50%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:0}.b_tpcn .tptt{height:18px;padding-bottom:0;line-height:18px;font-size:14px;color:#111}#b_results .b_tpcn .b_attribution{line-height:20px}.b_tpcn .b_attribution cite,.b_tpcn .b_attribution .c_tlbxTrg{color:#444}#b_results .b_algo .gb_lnk:hover{text-decoration:none}.tpmeta{display:flex}#b_results .tpmeta .b_rebateSlug .algoSlug_icon,#b_results .tpmeta .b_algoSlug .algoSlug_icon{margin-bottom:0}#b_results .b_topicon_topslugin .algoSlug_icon{font-size:14px;line-height:16px;color:#71777d;margin-bottom:8px}.tilk:hover{text-decoration:none}#b_results .b_tpcn .scs_arw,#b_results .b_tpcn .scs_cls{bottom:-42px}#b_results .b_tpcn .scs_exp{position:absolute;top:0;right:0}#b_results .wr_fav .siteicon img,#b_results .wr_fav img.siteicon{vertical-align:text-top}#b_results .nattr img.siteicon,#b_results .mattr img.siteicon,#b_results .sh_favicon>img.siteicon{vertical-align:inherit;margin-bottom:-1px}#b_results .nattr span.wr_fav,#b_results .mattr span.wr_fav{margin-right:4px}.wr_fav{margin-right:8px}#b_results .nattr .b_attribution,#b_results .mattr .b_attribution,#b_results .cattr .b_attribution,#b_context .mattr .b_attribution,.wr_fav{display:inline-block}.wr_fav .cico{border-radius:0;display:inline-block;overflow:unset}.b_ansb .wr_fav,.wr_fav.b_hide{display:none}.b_factrow>li.b_sritem,.b_factrow .ssp_expert{font-weight:bold}.b_factrow.b_twofr .b_sritem>.b_sritemp{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.b_factrow.b_twofr .b_sritem{font-weight:bold}.b_factrow.b_twofr .csrc{margin-left:5px}.b_factrow.b_twofr{padding-top:4px}.b_factrow.b_twofr ul:first-child{max-width:calc(50% - 20px)}.b_factrow.b_twofr ul:first-child+ul{max-width:50%}.b_factrow.b_twofr ul li div{white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden}.b_imagePair.wide_wideAlgo .b_factrow.b_twofr .b_vlist2col{display:flow-root}#b_results li.b_ans.b_mop.b_mopb,#b_results li.b_ans.b_nonfirsttopb{border-radius:6px;border:1px solid #ddd;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:10px;padding:15px 19px 10px}#b_results li.b_ans.b_mop.b_mopb .b_sideBleed{margin-left:-19px;margin-right:-19px}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback{position:relative}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .b_vPanel .df_hd .b_primtxt{color:#00809d;text-transform:initial;font-size:22px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .b_vPanel>div{padding-bottom:8px}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainer>#fbtop{position:static;float:right;padding-right:19px;margin-top:-4px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.05);border:none;margin-bottom:10px;border-radius:0;content-visibility:visible !important}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback,.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainer{padding-bottom:30px}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback.decanspad,.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainer.decanspad{padding-bottom:12px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa.decfbpad{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:4px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .b_vPanel>div:last-of-type{padding-bottom:0}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_item{padding-bottom:5px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_module_expansion .b_expansion_text{color:#111;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;max-width:calc(100% - 46px)}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_module_expansion .b_expansion_wrapper.b_expand{border-color:#ececec}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_module_expansion .b_expansion_wrapper.b_collapse{border-color:#ddd}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_collapse.b_onpage_expansion{font-weight:bold}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_module_expansion_control{padding-bottom:0}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_slidebar{border:0 !important}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .b_vPanel>div{padding:0 20px 4px 0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_wrapper{padding:9px 0 9px 0;height:auto;position:relative}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_wrapper>.b_expansion_text.b_1linetrunc{white-space:normal}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_chevron{padding:0 16px 0 0;position:absolute;right:6px;top:13px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_chevron{padding:0 0 0 0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_vPanel .b_module_expansion_control .b_module_expansion .b_expansion_wrapper>.b_expansion_text.b_1linetrunc{font:16px 'Segoe UI',Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .b_vPanel .b_module_expansion_control .b_module_expansion .b_expansion_wrapper.b_collapse.b_onpage_expansion:not(.b_hide)>.b_expansion_text.b_1linetrunc{font-weight:600 !important;margin-top:2px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_topAlAs .rwrl_cred .b_algo,.vid_algo{font-size:16px;line-height:1.2}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_hd{padding:0;color:#767676;margin-left:16px;line-height:26px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_hd .b_mText{font-weight:bold}.df_alaskcarousel .df_hd_ft .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_wrapper{height:36px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_hd_ft .df_topAlAs .b_expansion_chevron{top:12px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_hd_ft .rwrl_cred{font-size:18px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_hd_ft .rwrl_cred .b_attribution{font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsocon{overflow:hidden;padding:0 0;color:#444;padding-right:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px}.b_primtxt.HitHighlightWrapper strong{background-color:rgba(16,110,190,.18)}.b_primtxt.RmvBoldWrapper strong{font-weight:normal}.b_dark .b_primtxt.HitHighlightWrapper strong{background-color:rgba(58,160,243,.3)}.b_dark .b_primtxt.RmvBoldWrapper strong{font-weight:normal}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .rwrl_small{padding-bottom:15px !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsocon .rwrl_small u{text-decoration:none}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsocon .df_fb{line-height:22px !important;font-size:16px !important;padding-bottom:20px !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsocon .df_fs{line-height:22px !important;padding-bottom:20px !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsocon .df_nref{padding-bottom:2px !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_f{font:14px/normal Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;color:#767676}.df_alaskcarousel #df_ed a,.df_alaskcarousel .b_footnote #df_ed input[type=submit]{color:#767676 !important}.df_alaskcarousel #df_ed input[type=submit]{background:none;border:none;padding:0;font:inherit;color:#001ba0 !important;cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel #df_ed input[type=submit]:hover{text-decoration:underline}.df_alaskcarousel #df_ri{margin-right:10px;width:20px}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_rq{padding:15px 0}.df_alaskcarousel #df_listaa .df_hd .b_traits{padding:0}.df_alaskcarousel #df_load{text-align:center;height:60px}#df_moreqna .slide{opacity:0;transform:scale(0);transition-property:opacity,transform;transition-duration:.3s}#df_listaa .df_topicqna .slide{opacity:0;transform:scale(0);transition-property:opacity,transform;transition-duration:.3s}#df_moreqna .slide.transform{opacity:1;transform:none}#df_listaa .df_topicqna .slide.transform{opacity:1;transform:none}.df_alaskcarousel .df_mpaContainer,.df_mQAContainer{padding:0 0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_mpaContainer .ref_comp{padding:0;border:0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_mpaContainer .qna .qna_body{height:auto;font:13px/17px Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;color:#666}.df_alaskcarousel .df_mpaContainer .qna_header{padding:0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_vidContainer{padding:0 20px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_vidContainer img{width:100% !important;height:100% !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_imgCont{padding-bottom:15px;position:relative;cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel .df_imgCont iframe{width:100%;height:100%}.df_alaskcarousel .df_vidTime{position:absolute;bottom:20px;left:0;background-color:#000;opacity:.75;padding:2px 8px;line-height:20px;color:#fff}.df_alaskcarousel .df_playBut{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;margin:-26px 0 0 -26px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:7;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;max-height:160px;line-height:22px;margin-bottom:7px;width:268px;height:160px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_qntext{padding-bottom:4px;font-weight:700;color:#111;display:block;unicode-bidi:plaintext}.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent .b_bullet>li{margin-left:19px !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent .b_vPanel>div,.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent .b_vList>li{padding-bottom:0 !important}.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsoAskCard{font-size:16px;padding-bottom:9px;line-height:22px;padding:16px;box-sizing:border-box}.df_alaskcarousel .df_ansatb{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;font-style:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo h2,.df_alaskcarousel .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_attribution{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo{padding-bottom:2px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay,#df_listaa .df_topicqna{width:calc(100% + 20px)}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper{border:0;height:256px;width:calc(100% + 20px);position:relative}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper.openAnsWrapperTravelBanner{height:324px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.openAnsWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{box-sizing:border-box;width:300px;height:248px;margin-right:8px;display:inline-block}.df_alaskcarousel .df_paaqnaalgo{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,Sans-Serif;font-style:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper .next,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.openAnsWrapper .next{margin-right:32px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper .prev,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.openAnsWrapper .prev{left:16px}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback .openans_gradient_div{background:linear-gradient(270deg,#fff -26.53%,transparent 100%);width:32px;height:100%;position:absolute;right:0;z-index:1}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback .openans_gradient_div.rtl{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#fff -26.53%,transparent 100%)}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback .openans_gradient_div_tlg{top:30px}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback .openAnsWrapperTravelBanner .openans_gradient_div{height:calc(100% - 64px)}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnaContainerwithfeedback .openans_gradient_div.left{left:0;right:auto;transform:rotate(-180deg)}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_slideexp,#df_listaa .df_topicqna .b_slideexp{margin:0}.df_alaskcarousel .df_ansatb .rwrl_cred{font-size:16px;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay>div{border-bottom:none}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper{border:0;height:260px;width:calc(100% + 20px);position:relative}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridHeightWrapper{height:264px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridHeightWrapper .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridHeightWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{height:256px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{width:240px;height:252px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);cursor:default}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridFlyOutCardWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .slide.df_alsoAskActiveCard,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .slide.df_alsoAskActiveCard{border:1px solid #106ebe}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_alsoAskCard .df_qnacontent,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_alsoAskCard .df_qnacontent{max-height:160px;width:208px;height:160px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_alsoAskCard .df_alsocon,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_alsoAskCard .df_alsocon{line-height:20px;font-size:14px}.df_alaskcarousel .df_load_topicslg{padding-bottom:95px;padding-top:95px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb{padding-top:8px;margin-top:18px;border-top:1px solid #ddd}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo h2,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo h2{font-size:13px;line-height:16px;padding-bottom:0}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_algo h2,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_algo h2{font-size:16px;line-height:18px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_algo{padding-bottom:0}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_attribution,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .qna_algo .b_attribution{font-size:13px;line-height:20px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_attribution,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_attribution{font-size:14px;line-height:20px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_algo,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .qna_algo .b_algo{padding-bottom:4px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .next,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .next{margin-right:0;z-index:10}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .prev,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper .prev{left:-6px;z-index:10}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .rwrl_cred,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb .rwrl_cred{font-size:13px;overflow:hidden;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .rwrl_cred,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper .df_ansatb.df_ansfontlghybrid .rwrl_cred{font-size:16px}.hybridAnsWrapper .b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div{box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2 .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2 .b_slidebar .slide{width:280px;height:252px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);cursor:default}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2.hybridHeightWrapper .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2.hybridHeightWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{height:256px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2.hybridFlyOutCardWrapper .b_slidebar .slide,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2.hybridFlyOutCardWrapper .b_slidebar .slide{cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2 .df_alsoAskCard .df_qnacontent,#df_listaa .df_topicqna.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2 .df_alsoAskCard .df_qnacontent{max-height:160px;width:248px;height:160px}#relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper.openAnsWrapperTravelBanner .paatrvlBanner{height:64px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:0 20px;align-items:center;background:#f9f9f9;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);border-radius:6px;color:#444;margin:4px 3px 0}.ptexploreBtn{border-radius:32px;padding:6px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:19px;display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;background:#106ebe;color:#fff}.ptlearnmoreTxt{font-style:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}#relatedQnAListDisplay.openAnsWrapper.openAnsWrapperTravelBanner .paatrvlBanner:hover{text-decoration:none}.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent .df_qn_syd{margin-right:2%;cursor:default;padding-top:4px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper .b_slidebar{height:272px}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper .slide:hover{transform:scale(1.06);transition:all .4s;position:relative;z-index:2;top:6px;background:#fff}.b_dark .df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper .slide:hover{background:#323130}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper .slide:first-child:hover{transform-origin:left}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper .slide:last-child:hover{transform-origin:right}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.df_zmOnHoverWrapper{height:272px}.rqnafbUlWrapper.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsoAskCard .df_qntextwithicn{padding-bottom:2px}.rqnafbUlWrapper.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsoAskCard .df_qntextwithicn .df_qntext{padding-top:0}.rqnafbUlWrapper.df_alaskcarousel .df_qnacontent:hover{margin:-16px -16px 7px -16px;padding:16px 16px 0 16px;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.rqnafbUlWrapper.df_alaskcarousel .df_alsoAskCard .df_qntextwithicn:hover .df_qntext:not(:hover){cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel.rqnASCWrapper #relatedQnAListDisplay.hybridAnsWrapper.hybridAnsWrapper2 .b_slidebar .slide:hover{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05),0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.18)}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay .b_slidebar .slide .rqnaAnsCWrapper.df_alsoAskCard:hover{cursor:pointer}.df_alaskcarousel #relatedQnAListDisplay .df_alsocon_link:hover{text-decoration:none}.df_alaskcarousel.ansTtlUndrlnWrapper .slide:hover:not(:has(.df_dn_content:hover)) .df_ansatb .b_algo,.df_alaskcarousel.ansTtlUndrlnWrapper .slide:hover:not(:has(.df_dn_content:hover)) .df_ansatb .b_algo a{text-decoration:underline}.df_alaskcarousel .df_vt .df_ansatb .qna_attr{min-width:0;display:flex}#b_results>li .df_alaskcarousel .df_vt .df_ansatb .rwrl_cred a:first-child{color:#767676}.df_alaskcarousel .slide:hover .df_ansatb .rwrl_cred a:last-child{text-decoration:underline}#b_results #df_listaa .b_vPanel .df_hd .b_primtxt,.b_dark #b_results #df_listaa .b_vPanel .df_hd .b_primtxt{color:#111;font-size:20px}.b_traits{color:#00809d;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.02em}.b_slideexp{margin-bottom:20px;position:relative}.b_ans>.b_slideexp>.slide *:last-child,.b_ans>.b_slideexp:last-child,.b_vPanel .b_slideexp:last-child{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.b_slidebar .slide{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.b_slidebar .slide,.b_slideexp .b_viewport{overflow:hidden}.b_slideexp .b_viewport{margin:auto}.b_slidebar{white-space:nowrap}.b_slidebar .slide{white-space:normal;position:relative}.b_cards .cico,.b_slidebar .slide .cico{border-radius:0}.b_slidebar,.b_slidebar .slide{width:100%}.b_slidebar.anim{-webkit-transition:margin-left .35s cubic-bezier(.15,.85,.35,1);-moz-transition:margin-left .35s cubic-bezier(.15,.85,.35,1);-o-transition:margin-left .35s cubic-bezier(.15,.85,.35,1);transition:margin-left .35s cubic-bezier(.15,.85,.35,1)}.slide>.spinner{position:absolute;left:50%}.slide>.spinner>.inner{position:relative;left:-50%;width:40px;height:40px;background:url(/rp/OJWYLxkTdSOmE7-V53KpAdOj-xY.gif) no-repeat;margin:40px auto 30px;z-index:1000}.slide_mask.hideSlideMask{visibility:hidden}.b_slidebar.b_autoslidingfade .slide.slide_fading{opacity:1}.slide_mask,.b_slidebar.b_autoslidingfade .slide{transition:opacity .3s linear}.slide_mask.slide_fading,.b_slidebar.b_autoslidingfade .slide{opacity:0}.slide_mask{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:.7;top:0}.carousel_seemore{text-align:center}.carousel_seemore.dark a{color:#fff}.b_slidebar.enable_selecting .slide.selected::after,.b_slidebar.enable_selecting .slide:hover::after{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 2px #fff}.b_slidebar .slide.selected::after,.b_slidebar .slide:focus::after{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #0099bc;outline:0}.b_slidebar.enable_selecting .slide.selected::after,.b_slidebar.enable_selecting .slide:hover::after,.b_slidebar .slide.selected::after,.b_slidebar .slide:focus::after{content:"";height:100%;width:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0}.b_slideexp .b_antiSideBleed{display:inline-block}.carousel_seemore>.b_moreLink.rndChev{vertical-align:middle;height:92px;text-decoration-color:#444;display:inline-block}.carousel_seemore .seeAll_txt{display:block;color:#444;line-height:17px}.b_slidebar>.slide{*display:inline;zoom:1}.carousel_seemore .seeAll_chev{display:block;height:48px;padding-bottom:12px;margin-top:15px}html[dir="rtl"] .carousel_seemore .seeAll_chev{-moz-transform:scaleX(-1);-o-transform:scaleX(-1);-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);-ms-transform:scaleX(-1);transform:scaleX(-1)}.b_slideexp .b_viewport.scrollbar{overflow-x:auto;-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none}.b_slideexp .b_viewport.scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.b_slideexp .b_viewport{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.b_overlay .btn.rounded{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-moz-user-select:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-o-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.b_overlay .btn.rounded,.b_overlay .btn.rounded .bg,.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr,.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div,.b_overlay .btn.rounded .vcac>div{border-radius:50%}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .vcac{height:0}.b_overlay .btn.rounded{height:32px;width:32px;top:50%;margin-top:-16px}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .bg,.b_overlay .btn.rounded:hover .bg{opacity:0}.b_overlay .btn.rtl.rounded .cr{direction:ltr}.b_overlay .btn.hidden.rounded .cr,.b_overlay .btn.disabled.rounded .cr{visibility:hidden}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div{border:1px solid #ececec;box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);height:30px;width:30px;overflow:hidden;background-image:none;background-color:#fff}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14)}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div:after{bottom:5px;background-color:#fff;-webkit-transform-origin:-1394px 0;transform-origin:-1394px 0;display:inline-block;transform:scale(.5);position:relative}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div:hover:after{transform-origin:-1478px 0}.b_overlay .btn.ltr.rounded .cr>div:after{right:5px}.b_overlay .btn.rtl.rounded .cr>div:after{left:5px}.b_overlay .btn.prev.ltr.rounded .cr,.b_overlay .btn.next.rtl.rounded .cr{-moz-transform:scaleX(-1);-o-transform:scaleX(-1);-webkit-transform:scaleX(-1);-ms-transform:scaleX(-1);transform:scaleX(-1)}body .b_overlay .btn.rounded.next{right:-12px}body .b_overlay .btn.rounded.prev{left:-13px}.ra_car_container .b_overlay .btn.prev.ltr.rounded .cr>div,.ra_car_container .b_overlay .btn.next.rtl.rounded .cr>div{-moz-transform:unset;-o-transform:unset;-webkit-transform:unset;-ms-transform:unset;transform:unset}.ra_car_container .b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div{background-position:0;border:unset}.ra_car_container .b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div:after{content:unset}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.b_overlay .btn.rounded.hidden *,.b_overlay .btn.rounded.disabled *{background:none}.b_overlay .btn.rounded.hidden,.b_overlay .btn.rounded.disabled{background:none}}.b_overlay .btn.rounded .cr>div:after{content:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png)}.b_overlay{position:relative}.vcac{position:absolute;width:100%;top:50%}.vcac>div{position:relative;width:100%}.df_qna_algo .qfavc .b_imagePair{display:flex;align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;padding-bottom:0}.df_qna_algo .qfavc .b_imagePair .cico{margin-right:6px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0}.df_qna_algo .qfavc .b_imagePair cite,.df_qna_algo .qfavc .b_imagePair .qna_attr{white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.df_qna_algo .qfavc .b_imagePair>div:last-child{min-width:0;display:flex}.fbans>div>a,.fbans>div>a:visited{color:#767676 !important}.fbans{padding-right:19px;margin-top:-4px;margin-bottom:-9px}.fbans .b_footnote,.fbans .hlig{padding:0;text-align:right}p>.news_dt{color:#767676}p>.news_dt_bold{font-weight:bold}.b_algo .b_rcfcv2 td{height:20px;padding:0;white-space:nowrap}.b_algo .b_rcfcv2 tr td+td{pointer-events:none;height:17px;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;text-align:right}.b_rcfcv2 td a{display:block;height:20px;width:608px;margin-right:-200px;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px}.b_rcfcv2 tr{border-collapse:collapse}.b_rcfcv2 div.wpcbc .rc_req_link{padding-top:4px}.b_rcfcv2 div.wpcbc{padding-bottom:20px}.b_rcfcv2{margin-top:-2px}.tltg{display:inline-block;padding:1px 10px;border-radius:2px}.tltg:first-child{padding:1px 0}.tltg:not(:first-child){margin-left:8px;background-color:#f5f5f5}.b_dark .tltg:not(:first-child){background-color:#323130}#b_results>li .tltg,#b_context>li .tltg{color:#666}a.tltg{text-decoration:none}.tltg strong{pointer-events:none}.b_algo:hover h2>a{text-decoration:underline}#b_results li.b_algo.b_algo_tag_shallow_background{background-color:#f9f9f9;border-radius:8px}.batg{overflow:hidden;line-height:22px;height:24px;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.bstg:hover{cursor:pointer}.bats{height:10px;display:block}.b_caption .batg{padding-top:8px;margin-top:0}.b_caption .bats{height:0}.b_imagePair .batg{padding-top:4px;margin-top:0}#b_results .b_algo .b_attribution .sh_favicon,#b_results .b_algo .b_metadata_separator{display:inline}.b_imgcap_altitle p strong,.b_imgcap_altitle .b_factrow strong{color:#767676}#b_results .b_imgcap_altitle{line-height:22px}.b_hList img{display:block}.b_imagePair .inner img{display:block;border-radius:6px}.b_algo .vtv2 img{border-radius:0}.b_hList .cico{margin-bottom:10px}.b_title .b_imagePair>.inner,.b_vList>li>.b_imagePair>.inner,.b_hList .b_imagePair>.inner,.b_vPanel>div>.b_imagePair>.inner,.b_gridList .b_imagePair>.inner,.b_caption .b_imagePair>.inner,.b_imagePair>.inner>.b_footnote,.b_poleContent .b_imagePair>.inner{padding-bottom:0}.b_imagePair>.inner{padding-bottom:10px;float:left}.b_imagePair.reverse>.inner{float:right}.b_imagePair .b_imagePair:last-child:after{clear:none}.b_algo .b_title .b_imagePair{display:block}.b_imagePair.b_cTxtWithImg>*{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}.b_imagePair.b_cTxtWithImg>.inner{float:none;padding-right:10px}.b_imagePair.square_mp>.inner,li.square_mp{width:80px}.b_imagePair.square_mp{padding-left:90px}.b_imagePair.square_mp>.inner{margin:2px 0 0 -90px}.b_imagePair.square_mp.reverse{padding-left:0;padding-right:90px}.b_imagePair.square_mp.reverse>.inner{margin:2px -90px 0 0}.b_imagePair.square_s>.inner,li.square_s{width:50px}li.square_s{word-wrap:break-word}.b_imagePair.square_s{padding-left:60px}.b_imagePair.square_s>.inner{margin:2px 0 0 -60px}.b_imagePair.square_s.reverse{padding-left:0;padding-right:60px}.b_imagePair.square_s.reverse>.inner{margin:2px -60px 0 0}.b_ci_image_overlay:hover{cursor:pointer}.insightsOverlay{position:fixed;top:5%;left:5%;bottom:5%;right:5%;width:90%;height:90%;border:none;border-radius:15px;margin:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;z-index:9;display:none}.b_greyBackgroundModal{display:none;position:fixed;left:0;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;z-index:8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.5);pointer-events:none}.b_rs .b_vList,.b_rrsr .b_vList{font-size:13px}#b_results .b_ans .b_rs h2,#b_results .b_rs .b_vlist2col li,#b_results .b_rs .b_vList li{padding-bottom:16px}#b_results .b_ans #brsv3{width:652px;contain-intrinsic-size:652px 296px}#b_results .b_ans #brsv3 h2{padding-bottom:0;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#202124;margin-bottom:8px}#b_results .b_ans #brsv3 h2 strong{font-weight:normal}#b_results .b_ans #brsv3 .b_vList{padding-top:12px}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li{width:318px;padding-bottom:0;margin:4px 0;display:inline-block}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li:nth-child(odd){margin-right:16px}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a{max-height:none;min-height:48px;padding:0 17px;background:#f1f3f4;border-radius:100px;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#202124}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a .b_suggestionIcon{width:20px;height:20px;padding:10px}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a .b_suggestionBk{width:32px;height:32px;padding:0;margin:4px;background:url(/rp/eF3rIdIG4fsLyPy7mzgRnjCDKIA.png) no-repeat -292px 0;transform:scale(.5)}.b_pinrs_ol .b_pinrs .b_suggestionIcon{display:none}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a .b_suggestionIcon svg{width:20px;height:20px}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a .b_suggestionIcon.sug_sprite{background:url(/rp/_ofXcjy_m9xssb7yLtaOscIux0c.png) no-repeat -151px 0;transform:scale(.5)}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList a .b_suggestionText{max-width:227px;margin-left:16px;font-style:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:19px;color:#202124;display:-webkit-box;text-align:left;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow-wrap:break-word;overflow:hidden;flex:1}#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList a .b_suggestionText strong{font-weight:bold}.b_rs .b_vlist2col ul:first-child{margin-right:40px}#rscarousel strong{font-weight:normal}#b_results #inline_rs .b_vlist2col ul:first-child{margin-right:160px;padding-bottom:8px}#b_results #inline_rs .b_vlist2col li{padding-bottom:12px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-width:210px}#b_results #inline_rs .b_vlist2col{padding-left:0}#rscar_close{float:right}#rscar_close::after{height:16px;width:16px;content:" ";display:inline-block;background-repeat:no-repeat}#rscar_close:hover::after{cursor:pointer}.rslist_title{display:inline-block;color:#444}.rslist_head{padding:12px 0}#inline_rs .b_sideBleed{border-top:1px solid #ececec;padding:0;margin:0}#rscar_close::after{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAwAAAAMCAYAAABWdVznAAAAR0lEQVR4AWOYOHGiABA7gGgG7ABVDZTxH4gvgARwKL4AVeOAEMDUhFUOpwROxbhMw6UYpyZ0xWRpIMtJJHuapGAlK+JIThoADD3VTZEy3aEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)}#rscar_close:hover::after{background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAwAAAAMCAYAAABWdVznAAAAR0lEQVQokWNwcXERAGIHEM2AA6CogTL+A/EFbJqgii9A1TigC6BowimHTQKfQbg04VaMQxN+xSRrIMlJJHma5GAlN+KIThoAX1F+rQaZhuoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)}.b_msg.b_canvas a{color:#666 !important}.b_msg.b_canvas a{font-size:11px;line-height:13px}.b_pag a{display:block;text-align:center}.b_pag a.sb_bp{min-width:30px;margin-right:20px;line-height:32px}.b_pag a.sb_pagN,.b_pag a.sb_pagP{border:0;padding:1px}.b_pag a.sb_pagN_bp,.b_pag a.sb_pagP_bp{width:30px;height:30px;margin-top:0}.b_pag .sw_prev,.b_pag .sw_next{margin:2px}.sb_pagP,.sb_pagN{background-position:-233px 0;height:30px;width:30px}.sb_pagP:hover,.sb_pagP:active,.sb_pagP:focus{background-position:-265px 0}.sb_pagN{background-position:-169px 0}.sb_pagN:hover,.sb_pagN:active,.sb_pagN:focus{background-position:-201px 0}z{a:1}.sp-webicons20{width:20px;height:20px}.sp-webicons24{width:24px;height:24px}.sp-webicons28{width:28px;height:28px}.sp-webicons32{width:32px;height:32px}.sp-webicons40{width:40px;height:40px}.sp-ofsite{display:block}.sp-webicons20.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons20.PHNE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons20.AUTO{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons20.SRCH{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons24.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons24.PHNE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons24.AUTO{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons24.SRCH{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons28.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons28.PHNE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons28.AUTO{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons28.SRCH{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons32.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons32.PHNE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons32.AUTO{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons32.SRCH{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons40.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons40.PHNE{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons40.AUTO{padding-right:8px}.sp-webicons40.SRCH{padding-right:8px}.sp-tpwebicons{width:28px;height:28px}.sp-symbolicon>svg,.sp-ofsite{display:block}.sp-tpwebicons.SITE{padding-right:8px}.sp-tpwebicons.SITE{width:16px;height:16px;padding:6px}.sp-tpwebicons.sp-symbolicon{width:16px;height:16px;padding:6px}@media only screen and (max-width:1301.9px){.sp-tpwebicons{width:24px;height:24px}.sp-tpwebicons.sp-symbolicon{width:14px;height:14px;padding:5px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1213.9px){.sp-tpwebicons{width:20px;height:20px}.sp-tpwebicons.sp-symbolicon{width:12px;height:12px;padding:4px}}.lite-entcard-ans-m .sp-tpwebicons{width:28px;height:28px}.lite-entcard-ans-m .sp-tpwebicons.sp-symbolicon{width:16px;height:16px;padding:6px}.lc_hoverhook{position:fixed;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);z-index:6;background-color:#fff}.lc_hoverhook_vis{visibility:visible}.lc_hoverhook_hid{visibility:hidden}.lc_hoverhook_trc,.lc_hoverhook_tlc{top:-10px}.lc_hoverhook_brc,.lc_hoverhook_blc{bottom:-20px}.lc_hoverhook_tlc,.lc_hoverhook_blc{left:20px}.lc_hoverhook_trc,.lc_hoverhook_brc{right:20px}.lc_hoverhook_trc,.lc_hoverhook_tlc,.lc_hoverhook_brc,.lc_hoverhook_blc{position:absolute;width:20px;height:20px}.lc_hoverhook_trc polyline,.lc_hoverhook_brc polyline,.lc_hoverhook_tlc polyline,.lc_hoverhook_blc polyline{fill:#fff;stroke:#ddd;stroke-width:1px}#b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding:0}#b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li a:hover{background-color:#f5f5f5}.b_dark #b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li a:hover{background-color:#323130}#b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li a{color:#666;padding:12px 20px;display:flex;margin:0 -20px;text-decoration:none}.railItemRightIcon{display:inline !important}#b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li a img{margin-right:12px}.sg_svg{margin-right:12px}#b_context .b_rrsr>.b_vList>li:last-child{border:none}.b_rrsr{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:6px;padding:16px 20px 0;margin:-10px -20px 0}.b_rrsr h2{padding:0 20px;margin:0 -20px;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;color:#444}a{a:1}a{a:1}#b_dynRail{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;padding-left:60px;max-width:472px;width:472px}#b_dynRail .b_dr_mod:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px}@media only screen and (max-width:1908px){#b_dynRail{width:382px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1818.9px){#b_dynRail{width:294px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1730.9px){#b_dynRail{display:none}}#b_dynRail .b_entity{margin-bottom:20px;padding:9px 19px 4px;width:100%;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);border-radius:6px}</style><style type="text/css">#tabcontrol_12_703482 .tab-head { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_12_703482 .tab-menu { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_menu { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_menu>li { background-color: #ffffff; margin-right: 0px; height: 40px; line-height:40px; font-weight: 700; color: #767676; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_menu>li:hover { color: #111; position:relative; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_menu .tab-active { box-shadow: inset 0 -3px 0 0 #111; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 40px; color: #111; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_menu .tab-active:hover { color: #111; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_navr, #tabcontrol_12_703482_navl { height: 40px; width: 32px; background-color: #ffffff; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_navr .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_12_703482_navl .sv_ch { fill: #444; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_navr:hover .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_12_703482_navl:hover .sv_ch { fill: #111; } #tabcontrol_12_703482_navr.tab-disable .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_12_703482_navl.tab-disable .sv_ch { fill: #444; opacity:.2; }#tabcontrol_17_7060AD .tab-head { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD .tab-menu { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu { height: 40px; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu>li { background-color: #ffffff; margin-right: 0px; height: 40px; line-height:40px; font-weight: 700; color: #767676; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu>li:hover { color: #111; position:relative; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu .tab-active { box-shadow: inset 0 -3px 0 0 #111; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 40px; color: #111; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu .tab-active:hover { color: #111; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navr, #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navl { height: 40px; width: 32px; background-color: #ffffff; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navr .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navl .sv_ch { fill: #444; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navr:hover .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navl:hover .sv_ch { fill: #111; } #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navr.tab-disable .sv_ch, #tabcontrol_17_7060AD_navl.tab-disable .sv_ch { fill: #444; opacity:.2; }#slideexp0_72A46A .slide { width: 280px; margin-right: 8px; }#slideexp0_72A46A .slide:last-child { margin-right: 1px; }#slideexp0_72A46Ac { margin: -4px; } #slideexp0_72A46Ac .b_viewport { padding: 4px 1px 4px 1px; margin: 0 3px; } #slideexp0_72A46Ac .b_slidebar .slide { box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } #slideexp0_72A46Ac .b_slidebar .slide.see_more { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.00); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.00); } #slideexp0_72A46Ac .b_slidebar .slide.see_more .carousel_seemore { border: 0px; }#slideexp0_72A46Ac .b_slidebar .slide.see_more:hover { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.00); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.00); }.lite-entcard-main{box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05)}</style><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ _w["IDBbOv"] = true; _w["EIHB"] = false; _w["IDPTit"] =null;;var SmartEvent;(function(n){function o(n,i,r,u,f){u===void 0&&(u=!0);f===void 0&&(f=!1);sj_be(n,i,r,f);t.push({el:n,evt:i,h:r,baj:u})}function s(n,i,r,u,f){r===void 0&&(r=!0);sj_evt.bind(n,i,u,f);t.push({evt:n,h:i,baj:r})}function u(){e(!1)}function f(){e(!0);sj_ue(_w,i,f);sj_evt.unbind(r,u)}function e(n){for(var i,u,f=[],r=0;r<t.length;++r)i=t[r],n||i.baj?(u=i.el,u?sj_ue(u,i.evt,i.h):sj_evt.unbind(i.evt,i.h)):f.push(i);t=f}var i="unload",r="ajax.unload",t=[];n.bind=o;n.bindc=s;sj_be(_w,i,f);sj_evt.bind(r,u)})(SmartEvent||(SmartEvent={}));function sa_cl(n,t,i){if(n&&t){var r=n.className;i?r.indexOf(t)==-1&&(r=r.concat(" ",t)):r=r.replace(t,"");n.className=r}};function ge_cl(n,t){var u,f,r,i;if(n){if(n.getElementsByClassName)return n.getElementsByClassName(t);for(u=n.getElementsByTagName("*"),f=[],r=0;r<u.length;r++)i=u[r],i&&i.className&&i.className.indexOf(t)!==-1&&f.push(i);return f}return[]}; //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ var rsMDSec ="#b_results #brsv3 .b_vList li a, #b_context .b_rrsr \u003e .b_vList \u003e li a, #b_context .richrsrailsuggestion a, #inline_rs .b_vlist2col li \u003e a";;sj_be(_w, "click", function() { _G.UIWP = true; }, 1);;var EntityPreviewConfig = { featureList: "", testHooks: false }; //]]></script><div id="b_content" class=""><span role="main" aria-label="Search Results"><div id="b_tween" class=""><div id="b_tween_searchResults"><span class="sb_count">About 1,080,000 results</span></div><div id="b_tween_searchTools" class="b_hide"><span class="ftrB"><a class="ftrH" id="h5128" role="button" aria-label="Filtered by Date" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="d5128" aria-haspopup="true" href="javascript:" h="ID=SERP,5421.1"><span class="fs_label">Date</span><span class="sw_ddbk"></span> </a></span><div data-priority="2"><div class="toggle_item" id="ntf_newtabfil" role="button" aria-pressed="true" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6171.0"><div class="ntf_label toggle_label nt_tit" id="ntf_newtabfil_label">Open links in new tab</div><div class="nt_val toggle_ctrl"><div id="ntf_newtabfil_ctrl" class="ntf_img toggle_on toggle_img"><img role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/kFAqShRrnkQMbH6NYLBYoJ3lq9s.png" /></div></div></div></div></div></div><ol id="b_results" class=""><li class="b_algo b_algoBorder b_algoBigWiki b_algo_feedback b_vtl_deeplinks" data-id iid><div Class="b_algo_group"><h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,5170.1">Plain text - Wikipedia</a></h2><div class="b_caption hasdl" role="contentinfo"><div class="b_attribution" u="0N|5150|4676597105296343|mlRY8dtKzKNOq5eM4sowy1iv4_MjsxaK" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>en.wikipedia.org</strong>/<strong>wiki</strong>/<strong>Plain_text</strong></cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5171.1"></span></span></div></div><div id="WF_tabcontrol_12_703482" class="b_wikiRichcard"><div class="wikiRichcard_heroSection b_mText"><div class="b_clearfix b_overflow"><div class="b_floatR_img"><div class="cico" style="width:100px;height:100px;"><img height="100" width="100" data-src-hq="/th?id=ODL.e6bfe22aa88ba5776dcee38e2655e93c&w=100&h=100&c=12&pcl=faf9f7&o=6&pid=23.1" role="presentation" data-priority="2" id="emb57FC0BC3" class="rms_img" src="/th?id=ODL.e6bfe22aa88ba5776dcee38e2655e93c&w=100&h=100&c=12&qlt=20&pcl=faf9f7&o=6&pid=23.1" /></div></div><div id="pvc_-498152850_23"><p class="b_paractl"><span title="In computing, plain text is a loose term for data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of "whitespace" characters that affect simple arrangement of text, such as spaces, line breaks, or tabulation characters. Plain text is different from formatted text, where style information is included; from structured text, where structural parts of the document such as paragraphs, sections, and the like are identified; and from binary files in which some portions must be interpreted as binary objects (encoded integers, real numbers, images, etc.). The term is sometimes used quite loosely, to mean files that contain only "readable" content (or just files with nothing that the speaker does not prefer). For example, that could exclude any indication of fonts or layout (such as markup, markdown, or even tabs); characters such as curly quotes, non-breaking spaces, soft hyphens, em dashes, and/or ligatures; or other things. In principle, plain text can be in any encoding, but occasionally the term is taken to imply ASCII. As Unicode-based encodings such as UTF-8 and UTF-16 become more common, that usage may be shrinking. Plain text is also sometimes used only to exclude "binary" files: those in which at least some parts of the file cannot be correctly interpreted via the character encoding in effect. For example, a file or string consisting of "hello" (in any encoding), following by 4 bytes that express a bin…">In computing, plain text is a loose term for <strong>data</strong> (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of "whitespace" characters that affect simple arrangement of text, such as spaces, line breaks, or tabulation characters. Plain text is …</span></p><div class="sml inline" id="expitem_-498153225_22" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6179.1" data-expl=""><a id="expitem_-498153225_22_hit" class="b_mopexpref" data-exp="I;expitem_-498153225_22;;0;;;Expansion;;0;0;expitem_-498153225_22_hit;10;0;" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="Show more" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sw_plus cipa " width="16" height="16"></span><div class="expansionAccessibilityText" LessAltText="Less content will be shown above the current area of focus upon selection" MoreAltText="New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection">New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection</div></a></div></div><div class="b_hide" data-exp="H;expitem_-498153225_22;;pvc_-498152850_23;;;" data-exp-noani=""><p class="b_paractl">In computing, plain text is a loose term for <strong>data</strong> (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects (floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a limited number of "whitespace" characters that affect simple arrangement of text, such as spaces, line breaks, or tabulation characters. Plain text is different from formatted text, where style information is included; from structured text, where structural parts of the document such as paragraphs, sections, and the like are identified; and from binary files in which some portions must be interpreted as binary objects (encoded integers, real numbers, images, etc.). The term is sometimes used quite loosely, to mean files that contain only "readable" content (or just files with nothing that the speaker does not prefer). For example, that could exclude any indication of fonts or layout (such as markup, markdown, or even tabs); characters such as curly quotes, non-breaking spaces, soft hyphens, em dashes, and/or ligatures; or other things. In principle, plain text can be in any encoding, but occasionally the term is taken to imply ASCII. As Unicode-based encodings such as UTF-8 and UTF-16 become more common, that usage may be shrinking. Plain text is also sometimes used only to exclude "binary" files: those in which at least some parts of the file cannot be correctly interpreted via the character encoding in effect. For example, a file or string consisting of "hello" (in any encoding), following by 4 bytes that express a bin…<br /><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text#HeroSection" h="ID=SERP,5818.1">Read more on Wikipedia</a></p></div></div></div><div id="tabcontrol_12_703482" class="tab-container" data-wire="I;tab;; |B;a;;I|" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5947.2"><div class="tab-head HeroTab"><div class="tab-menu"><ul id="tabcontrol_12_703482_menu" style="margin-left:0px;" role="tablist" data-dataurl=""><li data-dataurl="" id="tab_8_702BC1_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab tab-active tab-first" style=" width:158px;" data-w="158" data-ow="190" data-content="tab_8_702BC1" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_8_702BC1" aria-selected="true" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5819.1">Plain text and rich text</li><li data-dataurl="" id="tab_9_702E27_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab" style=" width:50px;" data-w="50" data-ow="82" data-content="tab_9_702E27" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_9_702E27" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5845.1">Usage</li><li data-dataurl="" id="tab_10_703043_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab" style=" width:67px;" data-w="67" data-ow="99" data-content="tab_10_703043" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_10_703043" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5880.1">Encoding</li><li data-dataurl="" id="tab_11_703343_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab" style=" width:59px;" data-w="59" data-ow="91" data-content="tab_11_703343" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_11_703343" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5929.1">See also</li></ul></div></div><div class="tab-content"><div id="tab_8_702BC1" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5819.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_8_702BC1_head" data-priority=""><div id="pvc_-498145468_25"><p class="b_paractl">According to The Unicode Standard: <br />• "Plain text is a pure sequence of character codes; plain Un-encoded text is therefore a sequence of Unicode character codes.<br />• <span title="In contrast, styled text, also known as rich text, is any text representation containing plain text plus added information such as a language identifier, font size, color, hypertext links, and so on.">In contrast, styled text, also known as rich text, is any text representation conta…</span></p><div class="sml inline" id="expitem_-498145532_24" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6182.1" data-expl=""><a id="expitem_-498145532_24_hit" class="b_mopexpref" data-exp="I;expitem_-498145532_24;;0;;;Expansion;;0;0;expitem_-498145532_24_hit;10;0;" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="Show more" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sw_plus cipa " width="16" height="16"></span><div class="expansionAccessibilityText" LessAltText="Less content will be shown above the current area of focus upon selection" MoreAltText="New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection">New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection</div></a></div></div><div class="b_hide" data-exp="H;expitem_-498145532_24;;pvc_-498145468_25;;;" data-exp-noani=""><p class="b_paractl">According to The Unicode Standard: <br />• "Plain text is a pure sequence of character codes; plain Un-encoded text is therefore a sequence of Unicode character codes.<br />• In contrast, styled text, also known as rich text, is any text representation containing plain text plus added information such as a language identifier, font size, color, hypertext links, and so on.<br />• <a href="/search?q=SGML%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5825.1">SGML</a>, <a href="/search?q=Rich%20Text%20Format%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5826.1">RTF</a>, <a href="/search?q=HTML%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5827.1">HTML</a>, <a href="/search?q=XML%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5828.1">XML</a>, and <a href="/search?q=TeX%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5829.1">TeX</a> are examples of rich text fully represented as plain text streams, interspersing plain text data with sequences of characters that represent the additional data structures."<br />According to other definitions, however, files that contain <a href="/search?q=Markup%20language%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5835.1">markup</a> or other <a href="/search?q=Meta-data%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5836.1">meta-data</a> are generally considered plain text, so long as the markup is also in a directly <a href="/search?q=Human-readable%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5837.1">human-readable</a> form (as in HTML, XML, and so on). Thus, representations such as SGML, RTF, HTML, XML, <a href="/search?q=Wiki%20markup%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5838.1">wiki markup</a>, and TeX, as well as nearly all programming language source code files, are considered plain text. The particular content is irrelevant to whether a file is plain text. For example, an <a href="/search?q=Scalable%20Vector%20Graphics%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5839.1">SVG</a> file can express drawings or even bitmapped graphics, but is still plain text. <br /><br/>The use of plain text rather than binary files enables files to survive much better "in the wild", in part by making them largely immune to computer architecture incompatibilities. For example, all the problems of <a href="/search?q=Endianness%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5842.1">Endianness</a> can be avoided (with encodings such as <a href="/search?q=Universal%20Coded%20Character%20Set%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5843.1">UCS-2</a> rather than UTF-8, endianness matters, but uniformly for every character, rather than for potentially-unknown subs…<br /><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text#Plain_text_and_rich_text" h="ID=SERP,5844.1">Read more on Wikipedia</a></p></div></div><div id="tab_9_702E27" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5845.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_9_702E27_head" data-priority="2"><div id="pvc_-498138959_27"><p class="b_paractl">The purpose of using plain text today is primarily independence from programs that require their very own special encoding or formatting or <a href="/search?q=File%20format%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5848.1">file format</a>. Plain text files can be opened, read, and edited with ubiquitous <a href="/search?q=Text%20editor%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5849.1">text editors</a> and utilities. </p><div class="sml inline" id="expitem_-498139020_26" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6183.1" data-expl=""><a id="expitem_-498139020_26_hit" class="b_mopexpref" data-exp="I;expitem_-498139020_26;;0;;;Expansion;;0;0;expitem_-498139020_26_hit;10;0;" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="Show more" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sw_plus cipa " width="16" height="16"></span><div class="expansionAccessibilityText" LessAltText="Less content will be shown above the current area of focus upon selection" MoreAltText="New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection">New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection</div></a></div></div><div class="b_hide" data-exp="H;expitem_-498139020_26;;pvc_-498138959_27;;;" data-exp-noani=""><p class="b_paractl">The purpose of using plain text today is primarily independence from programs that require their very own special encoding or formatting or <a href="/search?q=File%20format%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5848.2">file format</a>. Plain text files can be opened, read, and edited with ubiquitous <a href="/search?q=Text%20editor%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5849.2">text editors</a> and utilities. <br /><br/>A <a href="/search?q=Command-line%20interface%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5851.1">command-line interface</a> allows people to give commands in plain text and get a response, also typically in plain text. <br /><br/>Many other computer programs are also capable of processing or creating plain text, such as countless programs in <a href="/search?q=DOS%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5859.1">DOS</a>, <a href="/search?q=Microsoft%20Windows%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5860.1">Windows</a>, <a href="/search?q=Classic%20Mac%20OS%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5861.1">classic Mac OS</a>, and <a href="/search?q=Unix%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5862.1">Unix</a> and its kin; as well as web browsers (a few browsers such as <a href="/search?q=Lynx%20(web%20browser)%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5863.1">Lynx</a> and the <a href="/search?q=Line%20Mode%20Browser%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5864.1">Line Mode Browser</a> produce only plain text for display) and other <a href="/search?q=E-text%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5865.1">e-text</a> readers. <br /><br/>Plain text files are almost universal in programming; a source code file containing instructions in a <a href="/search?q=Programming%20language%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5868.1">programming language</a> is almost always a plain text file. Plain text is also commonly used for <a href="/search?q=Configuration%20file%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5869.1">configuration files</a>, which are read for saved settings at the startup of a program. <br /><br/>Plain text is used for much <a href="/search?q=E-mail%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5871.1">e-mail</a>. <br /><br/>A <a href="/search?q=Comment%20(computer%20programming)%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5875.1">comment</a>, a "<a href="/search?q=.txt%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5876.1">.txt</a>" file, or a <a href="/search?q=TXT%20Record%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5877.1">TXT Record</a> generally contains only plain text (without formatting) intended for humans to read. <br /><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text#Usage" h="ID=SERP,5879.1">Read more on Wikipedia</a></p></div></div><div id="tab_10_703043" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5880.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_10_703043_head" data-priority="2"><div id="pvc_-498135534_29"><p class="b_paractl"><span class="b_promoteText">Character encodings</span><br /><span title="Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive. Computers often allocated only 6 bits for each character, permitting only 64 characters—assigning codes for A-Z, a-z, and 0-9 would leave only 2 codes: nowhere near enough. Most computers opted not to support lower-case letters. Thus, early text projects such as ">Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive. Computers often allocated only 6 bits for each character, permitting only 64 characters—assigning codes for A-Z, a-z, and 0-9 would leave only …</span></p><div class="sml inline" id="expitem_-498135576_28" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6184.1" data-expl=""><a id="expitem_-498135576_28_hit" class="b_mopexpref" data-exp="I;expitem_-498135576_28;;0;;;Expansion;;0;0;expitem_-498135576_28_hit;10;0;" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="Show more" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sw_plus cipa " width="16" height="16"></span><div class="expansionAccessibilityText" LessAltText="Less content will be shown above the current area of focus upon selection" MoreAltText="New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection">New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection</div></a></div></div><div class="b_hide" data-exp="H;expitem_-498135576_28;;pvc_-498135534_29;;;" data-exp-noani=""><p class="b_paractl"><span class="b_promoteText">Character encodings</span><br />Before the early 1960s, computers were mainly used for number-crunching rather than for text, and memory was extremely expensive. Computers often allocated only 6 bits for each character, permitting only 64 characters—assigning codes for A-Z, a-z, and 0-9 would leave only 2 codes: nowhere near enough. Most computers opted not to support lower-case letters. Thus, early text projects such as <a href="/search?q=Roberto%20Busa%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5884.1">Roberto Busa</a>'s <a href="/search?q=Index%20Thomisticus%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5885.1">Index Thomisticus</a>, the <a href="/search?q=Brown%20Corpus%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5886.1">Brown Corpus</a>, and others had to resort to conventions such as keying an asterisk preceding letters actually intended to be upper-case. <br /><br/><a href="/search?q=Fred%20Brooks%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5893.1">Fred Brooks</a> of <a href="/search?q=IBM%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5894.1">IBM</a> argued strongly for going to 8-bit bytes, because someday people might want to process text, and won. Although IBM used <a href="/search?q=EBCDIC%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5895.1">EBCDIC</a>, most text from then on came to be encoded in <a href="/search?q=ASCII%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5896.1">ASCII</a>, using values from 0 to 31 for (non-printing) <a href="/search?q=Control%20characters%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5897.1">control characters</a>, and values from 32 to 127 for graphic characters such as letters, digits, and punctuation. Most machines stored characters in 8 bits rather than 7, ignoring the remaining bit or using it as a <a href="/search?q=Checksum%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5898.1">checksum</a>. <br /><br/>The near-ubiquity of ASCII was a great help, but failed to address international and linguistic concerns. The dollar-sign ("$") was not as useful in England, and the accented characters used in Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian and many other languages were entirely unavailable in ASCII (not to mention characters used in Greek, Russian, and most Eastern languages). Many individuals, companies, and countries defined extra characters as needed—often reassigning control characters, or using values in the range from 128 to 255. Usi…<br /><br/><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text#Encoding" h="ID=SERP,5928.1">Read more on Wikipedia</a></p></div></div><div id="tab_11_703343" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5929.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_11_703343_head" data-priority="2"><div id="pvc_-498133145_31"><p class="b_paractl">• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20data%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5931.1">Binary data</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20file%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5933.1">Binary file</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20protocol%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5935.1">Binary protocol</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Source%20code%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5937.1">Source code</a></p><div class="sml inline" id="expitem_-498133182_30" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6185.1" data-expl=""><a id="expitem_-498133182_30_hit" class="b_mopexpref" data-exp="I;expitem_-498133182_30;;0;;;Expansion;;0;0;expitem_-498133182_30_hit;10;0;" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-label="Show more" role="button" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sw_plus cipa " width="16" height="16"></span><div class="expansionAccessibilityText" LessAltText="Less content will be shown above the current area of focus upon selection" MoreAltText="New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection">New content will be added above the current area of focus upon selection</div></a></div></div><div class="b_hide" data-exp="H;expitem_-498133182_30;;pvc_-498133145_31;;;" data-exp-noani=""><p class="b_paractl">• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20data%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5931.2">Binary data</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20file%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5933.2">Binary file</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Binary%20protocol%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5935.2">Binary protocol</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Source%20code%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5937.2">Source code</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Text%20file%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5939.1">Text file</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Text-based%20protocol%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5941.1">Text-based protocol</a><br />• <a href="/search?q=Line%20wrap%20and%20word%20wrap%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5943.1">Line wrap and word wrap</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="wiki_attr b_divdef"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,5945.1">Wikipedia</a><span> · Text under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" h="ID=SERP,5946.1">CC-BY-SA license</a></span></div></div></div><div class="b_gobig_feedback"><div id="fdbk_thmb32" class="fdbk_thmb_root " data-priority="2" aria-live="polite"><div id="fdbk_emotion32" class="fdbk_emotion"></div><span id="fdbtext_32" class="fdbtext">Feedback</span><a id="thumb_t32" class="thumb_y " role="button" aria-label="Feedback Like" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6187.1"></a><a id="thumb_f32" class="thumb_n " role="button" aria-label="Feedback Dislike" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6188.1"></a><div id="thumbUpTips32" class="fdbk_hide fdbtext"><span>Thanks!</span><a id="thumb_tum32" role="button" aria-label="Tell us more" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6189.1">Tell us more</a></div></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="Wikipedia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5196.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=32&h=32&qlt=91&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">Wikipedia</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="1|5078|4795709425337725|Ni1kInNFU-SE1mxqjvDoyqieVmKGje1u" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>en.wikipedia.org</strong>/<strong>wiki</strong>/<strong>Plaintext</strong></cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5197.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5196.2">Plaintext - Wikipedia</a></h2><div class="b_caption b_stsp1" role="contentinfo"><div class="b_wikiRichcard_noHeroSection"><div id="WF_tabcontrol_17_7060AD" class="b_wikiRichcard"><div id="tabcontrol_17_7060AD" class="tab-container" data-wire="I;tab;; |B;a;;I|" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5979.2"><div class="tab-head HeroTab"><div class="tab-menu"><ul id="tabcontrol_17_7060AD_menu" style="margin-left:0px;" role="tablist" data-dataurl=""><li data-dataurl="/wiki?hash=8B51861A8B2E2A2561DA&order=1%2c2%2c3%2c4&width=608&open=0&accId=WikiRichcard&appNS=SERP&containsHeroSection=False&DataSource=DefaultProd" id="tab_13_705E7F_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab tab-first" style=" width:68px;" data-w="68" data-ow="100" data-content="tab_13_705E7F" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_13_705E7F" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5963.1">Summary</li><li data-dataurl="" id="tab_14_705EF4_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab tab-active" style=" width:66px;" data-w="66" data-ow="98" data-content="tab_14_705EF4" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_14_705EF4" aria-selected="true" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5964.1">Overview</li><li data-dataurl="/wiki?hash=8B51861A8B2E2A2561DA&order=1%2c2%2c3%2c4&width=608&open=2&accId=WikiRichcard&appNS=SERP&containsHeroSection=False&DataSource=DefaultProd" id="tab_15_705FEE_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab" style=" width:115px;" data-w="115" data-ow="147" data-content="tab_15_705FEE" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_15_705FEE" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5975.1">Secure handling</li><li data-dataurl="/wiki?hash=8B51861A8B2E2A2561DA&order=1%2c2%2c3%2c4&width=608&open=3&accId=WikiRichcard&appNS=SERP&containsHeroSection=False&DataSource=DefaultProd" id="tab_16_70602B_head" data-nc="" data-nr="" class="b_dmtab" style=" width:59px;" data-w="59" data-ow="91" data-content="tab_16_70602B" role="tab" aria-controls="tab_16_70602B" aria-selected="false" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5976.1">See also</li></ul></div></div><div class="tab-content"><div id="tab_13_705E7F" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5963.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_13_705E7F_head" data-priority="2"></div><div id="tab_14_705EF4" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5964.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_14_705EF4_head" data-priority=""><p class="b_paractl">With the advent of <a href="/search?q=Computing%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5966.1">computing</a>, the term plaintext expanded beyond human-readable documents to mean any data, including binary files, in a form that can be viewed or used without requiring a key or other decryption device. Information—a message, document, file, etc.—if to be communicated or stored in an unencrypted form is referred to as plaintext. <br />Plaintext is used as input to an <a href="/search?q=Encryption%20algorithm%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5973.1">encryption algorithm</a>; the output is usually termed <a href="/search?q=Ciphertext%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE" h="ID=SERP,5974.1">ciphertext</a>, parti…</p></div><div id="tab_15_705FEE" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5975.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_15_705FEE_head" data-priority="2"></div><div id="tab_16_70602B" class="tab-hide" data-appns="SERP" data-k="5976.2" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab_16_70602B_head" data-priority="2"></div></div></div><div class="wiki_attr b_divdef"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5977.1">Wikipedia</a><span> · Text under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" h="ID=SERP,5978.1">CC-BY-SA license</a></span></div></div></div><div class="b_factrow b_twofr"><div class="b_vlist2col b_clearfix"><ul><li><div><strong>Estimated Reading Time:</strong> 5 mins</div></li></ul><ul></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="b_ans b_mop" data-tag data-partnerTag data-id h="SERP,5981.1"><div class="b_sideBleed b_topBleed b_bottomBleed"><div class="rqnaContainerwithfeedback df_alaskcarousel rqnafbUlWrapper rqnASCWrapper ansTtlUndrlnWrapper" data-fbhlsel=".rqnaContainerwithfeedback"><div id="df_listaa" class=""><div></div><div class="b_vPanel"><div><div class="df_hd"><div class="b_traits b_primtxt">People also ask</div></div></div><div><div id="relatedQnAListDisplay" class="hybridAnsWrapper hybridAnsWrapper2 hybridHeightWrapper" data-priority=""><div class="openans_gradient_div"></div><div id="slideexp0_72A46Ac" class="b_slideexp" data-partnerInfo="" data-wire="I;slideexp_init;; |B;select;;I|F;selected;;O|F;active;;O|" data-control-id="slideexp0_72A46A" data-appns="SERP" data-k="6199.1" data-stk=""><div class="b_overlay"><div id="slideexp0_72A46Achevrons_prevbtn" class="btn disabled prev ltr rounded bld" data-dir="" role="button" aria-label="Click to scroll left" aria-hidden="true"><div class="bg"><span></span></div><div class="vcac"><div style="height: 32px; margin-top: -16px;"><div class="cr"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="slideexp0_72A46Achevrons_nextbtn" class="btn next ltr rounded bld" data-dir="" role="button" aria-label="Click to scroll right" aria-hidden="false"><div class="bg"><span></span></div><div class="vcac"><div style="height: 32px; margin-top: -16px;"><div class="cr"><div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="b_slidesContainer"><div class="b_viewport"><div class="b_slidebar" id="slideexp0_72A46A" role="list" aria-label="Please use arrow keys to navigate"><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6193.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5985.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What is a source of plaintext?" data-IID="SERP.5982" data-ParentIID="SERP.5983"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What is a source of plaintext?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails"><strong>Discarded computers, disk drives and media</strong> are also a potential source of plaintexts. Most operating systems do not actually erase anything— they simply mark the disk space occupied by a deleted file as 'available for use', and remove its entry from the file system directory.</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plaintext - Wikipedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>en.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6194.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5990.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What is a plaintext file?" data-IID="SERP.5987" data-ParentIID="SERP.5988"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What is a plaintext file?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails">With the advent of computing, the term plaintext expanded beyond human-readable documents to mean any data, including binary files, in a form that can be viewed or used without requiring a key or other decryption device. Information—a message, document, file, etc.—if to be communicated or stored in an unencrypted form is referred to as plaintext.</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plaintext - Wikipedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>en.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6195.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,5995.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What is plain text?" data-IID="SERP.5992" data-ParentIID="SERP.5993"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What is plain text?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails">Plain text is textual data. It represents characters of readable material. Plain text is fairly limited because it cannot contain any formatting commands. [1] It is often stored in a plain text file . ↑ "</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plain text - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>simple.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6196.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,6000.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What is plain text in computing?" data-IID="SERP.5997" data-ParentIID="SERP.5998"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What is plain text in computing?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails">In computing, <strong>plain text is data that represents only characters of readable material</strong>. It does not include its graphical representation nor other objects like floating-point numbers, images, etc.</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plain text - Wikipedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>en.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6197.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,6005.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What does plaintext mean in cryptography?" data-IID="SERP.6002" data-ParentIID="SERP.6003"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What does plaintext mean in cryptography?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails">In cryptography, plaintext usually means <strong>unencrypted information</strong> pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plaintext - Wikipedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>en.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div><div class="slide" data-dataurl data-rinterval data-appns="SERP" data-k="6198.1" data-tag style tabindex data-mini role="listitem"><a class="df_alsocon_link" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,6010.1"><div class="df_alsoAskCard rqnaAnsCWrapper df_vt" data-tag="RelatedQnA.Item" data-query="What is plaintext ciphertext?" data-IID="SERP.6007" data-ParentIID="SERP.6008"><div class="df_qnacontent"><div class="df_qntextwithicn"><div class="df_qntext">What is plaintext ciphertext?</div></div><span class="df_alsocon b_primtxt HitHighlightWrapper " data-tag="RelatedQnA.ItemDetails">Information—a message, document, file, etc.—if to be communicated or stored in an unencrypted form is referred to as plaintext. Plaintext is used as <strong>input to an encryption algorithm</strong>; the output is usually termed ciphertext, particularly when the algorithm is a cipher.</span></div><div class="df_ansatb df_ansfontlghybrid"><div class="qna_algo df_qna_algo"><div class="b_algo"><h2><span class="">Plaintext - Wikipedia</span></h2></div><div class="b_attribution b_clearfix qfavc"><div class="b_imagePair"><div class="cico" style="width:16px;height:16px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:16px;width:16px;" data-height="16" data-width="16" data-role="presentation" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=16&h=16&c=7&o=6&pid=1.7"></div></div><div><div class="qna_attr"><cite>en.wikipedia.org</cite></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="fbans"><div class="b_footnote"><a id="fdbkans_0" class="hlig" target="_blank" data-fbhlsel=".rqnaContainerwithfeedback" role="button" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6206.1">Feedback</a></div></div></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="Stack Overflow" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4452102/how-to-get-plain-text-out-of-wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5223.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.92c3767f-c873-437a-94bc-3560bfdc09ef&w=32&h=32&qlt=92&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">Stack Overflow</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>stackoverflow.com</strong>/questions/4452102</cite></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4452102/how-to-get-plain-text-out-of-wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5223.2">python - How to get plain text out of Wikipedia - Stack Overflow</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2">Get a plain text representation of either the entire page or the page "extract" straight from the API with the extracts prop. Note that this approach only works on MediaWiki sites with the …</p></div><div class="b_algoRCAggreFC"><div class="b_rcfcv2"><div class="b_tbl"><table><tbody><tr data-exp="H;;;;;;" data-exp-noani="1"><td style="width:493px;"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32799212/retrieving-clean-plain-text-from-wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,6021.1">Retrieving clean plain text from Wikipedia</a></td><td style="">Sep 25, 2015</td></tr><tr data-exp="H;;;;;;" data-exp-noani="1"><td style=""><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2683506/wikipedia-text-download" h="ID=SERP,6022.1">Wikipedia text download</a></td><td style="">Apr 20, 2010</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="wpcbc"><div class="rc_req_link"><a href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia+site%3astackoverflow.com&form=FORUMR" h="ID=SERP,6023.1">See more results</a></div></div></div></div><div rpPositionName="rpPositionName"><div class="batg"><a class="batgil" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4452102/how-to-get-plain-text-out-of-wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5223.3"><div class="tltg ">Tags:</div><div class="tltg ">Plain text</div><div class="tltg ">Stack Overflow</div><div class="tltg ">Bla Bla Bla</div><div class="tltg ">Get Text From Wiki</div></a></div><div class="bats"></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="Wikipedia" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,5246.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=32&h=32&qlt=93&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">Wikipedia</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="3|5081|4965841667912522|_gZjsnSRnO3SNFzqeUcMySWc9RGngRAP" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>simple.wikipedia.org</strong>/<strong>wiki</strong>/<strong>Plain</strong>_<strong>text</strong></cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5247.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,5246.2">Plain text - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2">Plain text is textual data. It represents characters of readable material. Plain text is fairly limited because it cannot contain any typesetting commands. [1] It is often stored in a plain text file.</p></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="Wikipedia" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5272.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.9d837793-b21b-4809-aceb-f60f4a0b6408&w=32&h=32&qlt=94&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">Wikipedia</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="4|5082|4694021772822064|gh4sVTPhtjtWmGMVdvkqTYm1AK1MTC--" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>simple.wikipedia.org</strong>/<strong>wiki</strong>/<strong>Plaintext</strong></cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5273.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5272.2">Plaintext - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2">The plaintext is the normal representation of the data before any action has been taken to hide it. The plaintext is used as input to an encryption algorithm; the output is termed ciphertext.</p></div><div rpPositionName="rpPositionName"><div class="batg"><a class="batgil" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaintext" h="ID=SERP,5272.3"><div class="tltg ">Tags:</div><div class="tltg ">Plaintext Online</div><div class="tltg ">Plaintext Definition Computer</div></a></div><div class="bats"></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="afterthedeadline.com" href="https://blog.afterthedeadline.com/2009/12/04/generating-a-plain-text-corpus-from-wikipedia/" h="ID=SERP,5296.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.5908e536-eee1-4210-9871-32b7f3128dbc&w=32&h=32&qlt=95&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">afterthedeadline.com</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" tabindex="0"><cite>https://blog.afterthedeadline.com/2009/12/04/generating-a-<strong>plain</strong>-<strong>text</strong>...</cite></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://blog.afterthedeadline.com/2009/12/04/generating-a-plain-text-corpus-from-wikipedia/" h="ID=SERP,5296.2">Generating a Plain Text Corpus from Wikipedia</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2"><span class="news_dt">Dec 4, 2009</span> · This post describes how to generate a plain text corpus from a complete Wikipedia dump. This process is a modification of Extracting Text from Wikipedia by Evan Jones. Evan’s …</p></div><div rpPositionName="rpPositionName"><div class="batg"><a class="batgil" href="https://blog.afterthedeadline.com/2009/12/04/generating-a-plain-text-corpus-from-wikipedia/" h="ID=SERP,5296.3"><div class="tltg ">Tags:</div><div class="tltg ">Plain text</div><div class="tltg ">Wikipedia</div></a></div><div class="bats"></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="Github" href="https://github.com/daveshap/PlainTextWikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5324.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.03245701-8d3e-443e-af13-66e289085f86&w=32&h=32&qlt=96&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">Github</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="6|5084|4504562177243795|niM6s9QG5bEAcEqjzBvk4P5YbTXhx34G" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>github.com</strong>/daveshap/<strong>PlainText</strong>…</cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5325.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><div class="b_imgcap_altitle b_imgcap_nosc"><div class="b_imagePair square_mp reverse b_clearfix"><div class="inner"><div><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-data-priority="2" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-class="b_circleImage b_ci_image_overlay b_onfaimg rms_img" data-fdopt="False" data-data-overlaylink="/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=jebhvJut&id=50F785ED6F82563DC91549B37B56357AC68C6D0E&thid=OIP.jebhvJut66S7-FO5hQypiAHaDt&mediaurl=https://opengraph.githubassets.com/7f412bbccdacffa45d9f63e99705a6795fbdd67bf057745935da76fca9b95b3e/daveshap/PlainTextWikipedia&q=Plain+text+wikipedia&ck=7815E44F2E8D18733F468119C993B983&idpp=rc&idpview=singleimage&form=rc2idp" data-aria-hidden="true" data-title="Explore this image" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OIP.jebhvJut66S7-FO5hQypiAHaDt&w=80&h=80&c=1&vt=10&bgcl=336730&r=0&o=6&pid=5.1"></div><div class="b_greyBackgroundModal"></div></div></div><h2><a href="https://github.com/daveshap/PlainTextWikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5324.2">GitHub - daveshap/PlainTextWikipedia: Convert …</a></h2><p class="b_lineclamp3">Convert Wikipedia database dumps into plain text files (JSON). This can parse literally all of Wikipedia with pretty high fidelity. There's a copy available on Kaggle Datasets</p></div></div><div class="b_caption b_rich" role="contentinfo"></div><div rpPositionName="rpPositionName"><div class="batg"><a class="batgil" href="https://github.com/daveshap/PlainTextWikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5324.3"><div class="tltg ">Tags:</div><div class="tltg ">Plain Text</div><div class="tltg ">Plaintext</div></a></div><div class="bats"></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="eluni.co" href="https://wikitext.eluni.co/" h="ID=SERP,5345.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.A2450BEC-5595-40BA-9F13-D9EC6AB74B9F&w=32&h=32&qlt=97&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">eluni.co</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="7|5086|5055125444893387|6sxNzBt1qH36zhga8NLFdLq2K2NEugk9" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>wikitext</strong>.eluni.co</cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5346.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://wikitext.eluni.co/" h="ID=SERP,5345.2">Wikipedia Text Extractor</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2">Paste a link to a Wikipedia article below. You can extract all the text (and math formulas) from any article and turn the text into a plain text, markdown, or formatted PDF file</p></div><div rpPositionName="rpPositionName"><div class="batg"><a class="batgil" href="https://wikitext.eluni.co/" h="ID=SERP,5345.3"><div class="tltg ">Tags:</div><div class="tltg ">Plain Text</div><div class="tltg ">Wikipedia</div></a></div><div class="bats"></div></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="leeholmes.com" href="https://www.leeholmes.com/downloading-plain-text-wikipedia/" h="ID=SERP,5364.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.5ecd07c0-9e6f-48bc-993c-58afb1e1a20a&w=32&h=32&qlt=98&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">leeholmes.com</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="8|5151|4610007925588743|jukH4iNtIbAwY5wSbdxvqX-W7eL9wDwh" tabindex="0"><cite>https://www.leeholmes.com/<strong>downloading-plain-text-wikipedia</strong></cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5365.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://www.leeholmes.com/downloading-plain-text-wikipedia/" h="ID=SERP,5364.2"><strong>Downloading Plain-Text Wikipedia</strong> - Lee Holmes</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2"><span class="news_dt">Dec 12, 2016</span> · If you’ve ever been interested in having all of Wikipedia in a plain-text format, you might have been disappointed to learn that Wikipedia doesn’t actually make this format …</p></div></li><li class="b_algo" data-id iid><div class="b_tpcn"><a class="tilk" aria-label="github.com" href="https://github.com/attardi/wikiextractor" h="ID=SERP,5382.1"><div class="tpic"><div class="wr_fav" data-priority="2"><div class="cico siteicon" style="width:32px;height:32px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:32px;width:32px;" data-height="32" data-width="32" data-alt="Global web icon" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=ODLS.03245701-8d3e-443e-af13-66e289085f86&w=32&h=32&qlt=99&pcl=fffffa&o=6&pid=1.2"></div></div></div></div><div class="tptxt"><div class="tptt">github.com</div><div class="tpmeta"><div class="b_attribution" u="9|5152|4529511646298334|FhbUDIX8q84LyIigVSMD5-7rCjNIopq2" tabindex="0"><cite>https://<strong>github.com</strong>/attardi/<strong>wiki</strong>extractor</cite><span class="c_tlbxTrg"><span class="c_tlbxH" H="BASE:CACHEDPAGEDEFAULT" K="SERP,5383.1"></span></span></div></div></div></a></div><h2><a href="https://github.com/attardi/wikiextractor" h="ID=SERP,5382.2"><strong>GitHub</strong> - attardi/wikiextractor: A tool for extracting <strong>plain text</strong> …</a></h2><div class="b_caption" role="contentinfo"><p class="b_lineclamp2">WikiExtractor.py is a Python script that extracts and cleans text from a Wikipedia database backup dump, e.g. https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-latest-pages …</p></div></li><li class="b_ans" data-tag data-partnerTag data-id h="SERP,6071.1" ><div id="inline_rs" data-priority="2" class="b_hide"><div class="rslist_head"><span class="rslist_title b_strong">People also search for</span><a role="button" aria-label="Close" id="rscar_close" /></div><div id="rs_root"><div class="b_rich"><div class="b_vlist2col b_clearfix"><ul><li><a href="/search?q=plain+text+meaning+in+computer&FORM=QSRE1" h="ID=SERP,6072.1">plain text <strong>meaning in computer</strong></a></li><li><a href="/search?q=clear+text+vs+plain&FORM=QSRE3" h="ID=SERP,6076.1"><strong>clear</strong> text <strong>vs</strong> plain</a></li><li><a href="/search?q=plain+text+format&FORM=QSRE5" h="ID=SERP,6080.1">plain text <strong>format</strong></a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="/search?q=plain+text+in+information+security&FORM=QSRE2" h="ID=SERP,6074.1">plain text <strong>in information security</strong></a></li><li><a href="/search?q=what+is+plain+text+mode&FORM=QSRE4" h="ID=SERP,6078.1"><strong>what is</strong> plain text <strong>mode</strong></a></li><li><a href="/search?q=plaintext+or+unformatted+text&FORM=QSRE6" h="ID=SERP,6082.1"><strong>plaintext or unformatted</strong> text</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="b_rs" id="brsv3"><h2 class="">Related searches for <strong>Plain text wikipedia</strong></h2><ul class="b_vList b_divsec"><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+meaning+in+computer&FORM=QSRE1" h="ID=SERP,6072.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText">plain text <strong>meaning in computer</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+in+information+security&FORM=QSRE2" h="ID=SERP,6074.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText">plain text <strong>in information security</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=clear+text+vs+plain&FORM=QSRE3" h="ID=SERP,6076.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText"><strong>clear</strong> text <strong>vs</strong> plain</div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=what+is+plain+text+mode&FORM=QSRE4" h="ID=SERP,6078.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText"><strong>what is</strong> plain text <strong>mode</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+format&FORM=QSRE5" h="ID=SERP,6080.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText">plain text <strong>format</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plaintext+or+unformatted+text&FORM=QSRE6" h="ID=SERP,6082.2"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText"><strong>plaintext or unformatted</strong> text</div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=what+is+plaintext&FORM=QSRE7" h="ID=SERP,6084.1"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText"><strong>what is plaintext</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=wikipedia+text+only&FORM=QSRE8" h="ID=SERP,6086.1"><div class="b_suggestionIcon "><svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="20" height="20" fill="transparent" /><path class="gray70_fill" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.6 2C4.50777 2 2 4.50777 2 7.6C2 10.6922 4.50777 13.2 7.6 13.2C8.85766 13.2 10.0186 12.7852 10.9535 12.0849L16.6343 17.7657C16.9467 18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 17.7657 17.7657C18.0781 17.4533 18.0781 16.9467 17.7657 16.6343L12.0849 10.9535C12.7852 10.0186 13.2 8.85766 13.2 7.6C13.2 4.50777 10.6922 2 7.6 2ZM7.59999 3.6C9.80857 3.6 11.6 5.39143 11.6 7.6C11.6 9.80857 9.80857 11.6 7.59999 11.6C5.39142 11.6 3.59999 9.80857 3.59999 7.6C3.59999 5.39143 5.39142 3.6 7.59999 3.6Z" /></svg></div><div class="b_suggestionText">wikipedia text <strong>only</strong></div></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="b_msg b_canvas"><a href="http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=617350" h="ID=SERP,5075.1">Some results have been removed</a></li><li class="b_pag"><div role="navigation" aria-label="More results for Plain text wikipedia"><h4 class="b_hide">Pagination</h4><ul class="sb_pagF"><li><a class="sb_inactP sb_pagP sb_pagP_bp b_widePag sb_bp b_roths"></a></li><li><a aria-label="Page 1" class="sb_pagS sb_pagS_bp b_widePag sb_bp sb_pag_first">1</a></li><li><a class="b_widePag sb_bp" aria-label="Page 2" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FPIG=05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA&first=11&FORM=PERE" h="ID=SERP,6163.1">2</a></li><li><a class="b_widePag sb_bp" aria-label="Page 3" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FPIG=05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA&first=21&FORM=PERE1" h="ID=SERP,6164.1">3</a></li><li><a class="b_widePag sb_bp" aria-label="Page 4" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FPIG=05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA&first=31&FORM=PERE2" h="ID=SERP,6165.1">4</a></li><li><a class="sb_pagN sb_pagN_bp b_widePag sb_bp " aria-label="Next page" title="Next page" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FPIG=05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA&first=11&FORM=PORE" h="ID=SERP,6166.1"><div class="sw_next">Next</div></a></li></ul></div></li></ol></span><span role="complementary" aria-label="Additional Results"><ol id="b_context"><li class="b_ans" data-tag data-partnerTag data-id h="SERP,6117.1" ><div class="utilAns"><div data-npswowid="F6F33E84-D57D-4CA0-A932-AB7EDC4B94F0"><div class="b_hide kc_v2" id="satoriId">2a75ec8b-dec1-acde-d02d-f35d16548d0c</div><div class="b_sideBleed lite-entcard-ans"><div class="lite-entcard-main lite-entcard_2a75e"><div class="lite-entcard-blk" id="l_ecrd_blk_1_PlainHero"><div class="spl_logoheader smrsqr"><div class="spl_logoheader_img"><div class="cico" style="width:64px;height:64px;"><a title="See more images of Plain text" href="/images/search?FORM=IARRTH&q=plain+text" h="ID=SERP,6119.1"><img height="64" width="64" data-src-hq="/th?id=OSK.fac5e821a6611936392ec12b78f755ec&w=64&h=64&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM" alt="See more images of Plain text" data-priority="2" id="emb1607FF61B" class="rms_img" src="/th?id=OSK.fac5e821a6611936392ec12b78f755ec&w=64&h=64&c=7&qlt=30&o=6&pid=SANGAM" /></a></div></div><div class="spl_logoheader_txt hdgrd"><svg class="spl_logobg" viewBox="0 0 472 102" preserveAspectRatio="none"><g clip-path="url(#cliparea)"><rect width="472" height="102" fill="#fff"/><rect width="472" height="102" fill="#B15601" fill-opacity="0.7"/><path d="M-195.269 -1.75254C-157.224 57.6651 -72.7652 90.9643 -35.2917 100.187C106.106 111.881 175.306 74.2783 209.335 22.5672C243.365 -29.1441 217.55 -106.314 133.91 -126.794C50.271 -147.273 -242.825 -76.0244 -195.269 -1.75254V-1.75254Z" fill="url(#lingrad1)" fill-opacity="0.15"/><path d="M-195.269 -1.75254C-157.224 57.6651 -72.7652 90.9643 -35.2917 100.187C106.106 111.881 175.306 74.2783 209.335 22.5672C243.365 -29.1441 217.55 -106.314 133.91 -126.794C50.271 -147.273 -242.825 -76.0244 -195.269 -1.75254V-1.75254Z" fill="url(#radgrad1)" fill-opacity="0.25"/><path d="M427.506 11.8071C427.506 -39.2077 455.927 -66.9068 478.206 -75.4341H504.324V146.932H238.532C209.341 136.874 168.195 124.63 238.532 124.63C329.317 124.63 427.506 88.5531 427.506 11.8071V11.8071Z" fill="url(#lingrad2)" fill-opacity="0.15"/><path d="M427.506 11.8071C427.506 -39.2077 455.927 -66.9068 478.206 -75.4341H504.324V146.932H238.532C209.341 136.874 168.195 124.63 238.532 124.63C329.317 124.63 427.506 88.5531 427.506 11.8071V11.8071Z" fill="url(#radgrad2)" fill-opacity="0.25"/></g><defs><linearGradient id="lingrad1" x1="1.11152" y1="-103.778" x2="-105.445" y2="-90.0536" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#B15601"/><stop offset="0.6875" stop-color="#B15601" stop-opacity="0.66"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#B15601" stop-opacity="0.01"/></linearGradient><radialGradient id="radgrad1" cx="0" cy="0" r="1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" gradientTransform="translate(-0.325347 -6.23152) scale(167.201 139.01)"><stop stop-color="#09263F"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#09263F" stop-opacity="0.01"/></radialGradient><linearGradient id="lingrad2" x1="483.011" y1="38.62" x2="484.72" y2="-18.4352" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#B15601"/><stop offset="0.6875" stop-color="#B15601" stop-opacity="0.64"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#B15601" stop-opacity="0.01"/></linearGradient><radialGradient id="radgrad2" cx="0" cy="0" r="1" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" gradientTransform="translate(475.578 104.296) rotate(-176.703) scale(68.4249 98.2319)"><stop stop-color="#09263F"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#09263F" stop-opacity="0.01"/></radialGradient><clipPath id="cliparea"><rect width="472" height="102" fill="white"/></clipPath></defs></svg><p class="spl_logoheader_ttl"><span class="l_ecrd_txt_heros">Plain text</span></p><p class="spl_logoheader_sbttl">Loose term for data</p></div><div class="spl_logoheader_desc"><div><a class=" l_ecrd_txt_lnk b_ignbt l_ecrd_txt_hover" Title="en.wikipedia.org" aria-describedby="_Id" hover-data="-" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,6121.1"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">In computing, plain text is a loose term for data that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects. It may also include a limited number of "w…</span></p></a></div></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_Single"><div class="l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_SingleWrapper"><div class="l_ecrd_webicon_module_item" style="width:28px;"><a title="Wikipedia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,6123.1"><div class="sp-webicons28 WIKI"><svg viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><rect width="40" height="40" fill="white"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M37.766 9.128c0 .128-.041.244-.119.35s-.166.156-.263.156c-.778.075-1.419.325-1.913.753s-1.006 1.241-1.534 2.441l-8.062 18.169c-.053.169-.2.253-.444.253-.191 0-.338-.084-.444-.253l-4.522-9.456-5.2 9.456c-.106.169-.253.253-.444.253-.231 0-.384-.084-.459-.253L6.441 12.828c-.494-1.128-1.016-1.916-1.566-2.362s-1.312-.725-2.291-.831c-.084 0-.166-.044-.237-.134a.46.46 0 0 1-.113-.306c0-.297.084-.444.253-.444l2.216.094 2.022.097 2.278-.097 2.434-.094c.169 0 .253.147.253.444s-.053.441-.156.441c-.706.053-1.262.234-1.669.538s-.609.706-.609 1.203c0 .253.084.569.253.947l6.547 14.784 3.716-7.019-3.462-7.259c-.622-1.294-1.134-2.131-1.534-2.506s-1.006-.603-1.819-.688c-.075 0-.144-.044-.213-.134s-.103-.191-.103-.306c0-.297.072-.444.222-.444l1.944.094c.569.066 1.175.097 1.819.097l2.006-.097 2.15-.094c.169 0 .253.147.253.444s-.05.441-.156.441c-1.413.097-2.119.497-2.119 1.203 0 .316.163.806.491 1.469l2.291 4.65 2.278-4.253c.316-.6.475-1.106.475-1.519 0-.969-.706-1.484-2.119-1.55-.128 0-.191-.147-.191-.441a.53.53 0 0 1 .094-.3c.066-.097.128-.144.191-.144.506 0 1.128.031 1.866.094l1.741.097c.325 0 .806-.028 1.438-.081l2.009-.109c.125 0 .188.125.188.378 0 .338-.116.506-.347.506-.822.084-1.484.313-1.984.681s-1.125 1.206-1.872 2.512l-3.038 5.616 4.113 8.378 6.072-14.119c.209-.516.316-.991.316-1.422 0-1.034-.706-1.581-2.119-1.647-.128 0-.191-.147-.191-.441s.094-.444.284-.444c.516 0 1.128.031 1.834.094l1.644.097c.466 0 1.003-.031 1.613-.097l1.709-.094c.147 0 .222.125.222.378z" fill="#000"/></svg></div></a></div><a class="l_ecrd_webicon_txtside" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,6124.1">Wikipedia</a></div></div></div><div class="lite-entcard-blk l_ecrd_bkg_hlt" id="l_ecrd_blk_3_QnA"><div class="l_ecrd_c2 l_ecrd_c2_fct_l"><div class="l_ecrd_c2_img"><div class="cico" style="width:159px;height:83px;"><a title="Image of Plain text" href="/images/search?q=Plain+text&FORM=KCFIMM&id=1b04352bd2dd259c84cf69ace395a6f3" h="ID=SERP,6125.1"><img height="83" width="159" data-src-hq="/th?id=OSK.8fe595c882c5ad2ef3876073e67f48c4&w=159&h=83&o=6&pid=SANGAM" alt="Image of Plain text" data-priority="2" id="emb26B0821A9" class="rms_img" src="/th?id=OSK.8fe595c882c5ad2ef3876073e67f48c4&w=159&h=83&qlt=30&o=6&pid=SANGAM" /></a></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_c2_fct1"><div class="l_ecrd_hov l_ecrd_hovblk_3_7" id="l_ecrd_hovblk_3_6_Id" role="tooltip" data-priority="2"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www.litmus.com/blog/best-practices-for-plain-text-emails-a-look-at-why-theyre-important/#:~:text=Including%20a%20plain%20text%20email%20along" h="ID=SERP,6126.1"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_txt"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Applying proper spacing and formatting can give your ordinary plain text email dependable success. Broken emails lead to less conversions.</span></p></div><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site"><img height="0" width="0" class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_fav" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/><span class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_txt">litmus.com</span></div></a></div></div><div><a class=" l_ecrd_txt_lnk b_ignbt l_ecrd_txt_hover l_ecrd_hovblk_3_6 l_ecrd_hov_hitbox" aria-describedby="l_ecrd_hovblk_3_6_Id" hover-data="-" href="https://www.litmus.com/blog/best-practices-for-plain-text-emails-a-look-at-why-theyre-important/#:~:text=Including%20a%20plain%20text%20email%20along" h="ID=SERP,6127.1"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Including a plain text email along with your HTML email can increase reach and email deliverability. It’s also a great way to communicate succinct, direct messages.</span></p></a></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_c2_svg"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="0" width="0"><line x1="0" y1="0" x2="296" y2="0" /></svg></div><div class="l_ecrd_c2_fct2"><div class="l_ecrd_hov l_ecrd_hovblk_3_9" id="l_ecrd_hovblk_3_8_Id" role="tooltip" data-priority="2"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://codedocs.org/what-is/plain-text#:~:text=Plain%20text%20files%20are%20almost%20universal" h="ID=SERP,6128.1"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_txt"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Plain text is also commonly used for configuration files, which are read for saved settings at the startup of a program. Plain text is used for much e-mail .</span></p></div><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site"><div class="sp-tpwebicons SITE" title="Official Site"><svg class="sp-ofsite" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M12.667 1.511l-.248-.178a8 8 0 1 0-5.086 14.633c.22.019.442.034.667.034a7.994 7.994 0 0 0 4.667-14.489zm-11.067 6.489a6.364 6.364 0 0 1 .325-2h.075a3.216 3.216 0 0 0 .943 2.276l1.112 1.113v1.639a.973.973 0 0 0 .973.972.972.972 0 0 1 .972.972v1.1a6.41 6.41 0 0 1-4.4-6.072zm11.067 4.667v-.3a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-3.334 1.892v-4.259a1.333 1.333 0 0 0-1.333-1.333h-2.667a.666.666 0 0 1-.666-.667v-.657a.666.666 0 0 1 .666-.666h1a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-.677a1 1 0 0 1 1-1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1.258a6.434 6.434 0 0 1 4.12 2.925h-1.453a1.333 1.333 0 0 0-1.333 1.333v1.333a1.334 1.334 0 0 0 1.333 1.334.666.666 0 0 1 .666.666z" /></svg></div><span class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_txt">codedocs.org</span></div></a></div></div><div><a class=" l_ecrd_txt_lnk b_ignbt l_ecrd_txt_hover l_ecrd_hovblk_3_8 l_ecrd_hov_hitbox" aria-describedby="l_ecrd_hovblk_3_8_Id" hover-data="-" href="https://codedocs.org/what-is/plain-text#:~:text=Plain%20text%20files%20are%20almost%20universal" h="ID=SERP,6129.1"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Plain text files are almost </span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_hlt l_ecrd_txt_nound">universal in programming</span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">; a </span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_hlt l_ecrd_txt_nound">source code file</span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln"> containing instructions in a programming language is almost always a </span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_hlt l_ecrd_txt_nound">plain text file</span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">.</span></p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="lite-entcard-blk l_ecrd_bkg_hlt" id="l_ecrd_blk_4_QnA"><div class="l_ecrd_a1"><div class="l_ecrd_txt_l"><div class="l_ecrd_hov l_ecrd_hovblk_5_11" id="l_ecrd_hovblk_5_10_Id" role="tooltip" data-priority="2"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna"><a tabindex="-1" href="https://www.jarte.com/help_new/document_file_formats.html#:~:text=Plain%20text%20files%20are%20usually%20saved" h="ID=SERP,6130.1"><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_txt"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Jarte displays the current document's format type in the status bar 's format indicator. The status bar's format indicator displays for rich text documents and for plain text documents.</span></p></div><div class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site"><img height="0" width="0" class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_fav" src="data:image/png;base64,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"/><span class="l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_txt">jarte.com</span></div></a></div></div><div><a class=" l_ecrd_txt_lnk b_ignbt l_ecrd_txt_hover l_ecrd_hovblk_5_10 l_ecrd_hov_hitbox" aria-describedby="l_ecrd_hovblk_5_10_Id" hover-data="-" href="https://www.jarte.com/help_new/document_file_formats.html#:~:text=Plain%20text%20files%20are%20usually%20saved" h="ID=SERP,6131.1"><p><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">Plain text files are usually saved using the </span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_hlt l_ecrd_txt_nound">TXT file name extension</span><span class="l_ecrd_txt_pln">, but many other extension are used as well depending on the plain text file's intended purpose.</span></p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="lite-entcard-blk" id="l_ecrd_blk_ExploreMore" data-priority="2"><div class="l_ecrd_simgset"><div class="l_ecrd_imgsetgrid_ttl"><a hover-data="-" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=text+file&filters=sid:"7ef9e1dc-e484-3829-85f1-ba2e2d0a357e"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6132.1"><div class="l_ecrd_mttl" id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore"><div class="l_ecrd_txt_gl"><h3>Explore more</h3></div><div></div></div></a></div><ul><li><a id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_0" class="as_pasf_data" aria-label="Text file" aria-labelledby="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_0" data-sid="7ef9e1dc-e484-3829-85f1-ba2e2d0a357e" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=text+file&filters=sid:"7ef9e1dc-e484-3829-85f1-ba2e2d0a357e"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6133.1"><div class="cico" style="width:80px;height:80px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-title="Text file" data-data-priority="2" data-alt="Text file" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OSK.ffbe014d07e02a5a3bd9db3bc69e2dba&w=80&h=80&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM"></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_simgset_item_data" style="width:80px;"><div class="l_ecrd_rq_btxt">Text file</div></div></a></li><li><a id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_1" class="as_pasf_data" aria-label="Comma-separated values" aria-labelledby="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_1" data-sid="fcd880bf-b9b7-cf14-3dcc-b49115e4075e" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=comma-separated+values&filters=sid:"fcd880bf-b9b7-cf14-3dcc-b49115e4075e"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6134.1"><div class="cico" style="width:80px;height:80px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-title="Comma-separated values" data-data-priority="2" data-alt="Comma-separated values" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OSK.e0acf94a8afc79ff49e0db7fd6954361&w=80&h=80&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM"></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_simgset_item_data" style="width:80px;"><div class="l_ecrd_rq_btxt">Comma-separated values</div></div></a></li><li><a id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_2" class="as_pasf_data" aria-label="Character encoding" aria-labelledby="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_2" data-sid="a66bd940-a165-e0b6-b911-96ad85f387cb" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=character+encoding&filters=sid:"a66bd940-a165-e0b6-b911-96ad85f387cb"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6135.1"><div class="cico" style="width:80px;height:80px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-title="Character encoding" data-data-priority="2" data-alt="Character encoding" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OSK.91cda241da6a1cd1bd8f8712d17fb645&w=80&h=80&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM"></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_simgset_item_data" style="width:80px;"><div class="l_ecrd_rq_btxt">Character encoding</div></div></a></li><li><a id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_3" class="as_pasf_data" aria-label="HTML" aria-labelledby="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_3" data-sid="3e86a09f-ad45-fe55-7bca-bc0820d5615c" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=HTML&filters=sid:"3e86a09f-ad45-fe55-7bca-bc0820d5615c"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6136.1"><div class="cico" style="width:80px;height:80px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-title="HTML" data-data-priority="2" data-alt="HTML" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OSK.4e4c99b2afbd1e2f07a76d494756ed8e&w=80&h=80&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM"></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_simgset_item_data" style="width:80px;"><div class="l_ecrd_rq_btxt">HTML</div></div></a></li><li><a id="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_4" class="as_pasf_data" aria-label="Microsoft Word" aria-labelledby="lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore lite-entcard_2a75e_Explore_4" data-sid="0ad8c9ac-9439-e48b-9508-cce085820c28" href="/search?FORM=KCEXPL&q=microsoft+word&filters=sid:"0ad8c9ac-9439-e48b-9508-cce085820c28"+lite:".S2NkUmVsYXRpb25eMmE3NWVjOGItZGVjMS1hY2RlLWQwMmQtZjM1ZDE2NTQ4ZDBjXl5eXiRFbnRpdHkyX2Vu"" h="ID=SERP,6137.1"><div class="cico" style="width:80px;height:80px;"><div class="rms_iac" style="height:80px;width:80px;" data-height="80" data-width="80" data-title="Microsoft Word" data-data-priority="2" data-alt="Microsoft Word" data-class="rms_img" data-src="//th.bing.com/th?id=OSK.b0d894d0d9453a8fd72f2cb0a3a47e02&w=80&h=80&c=7&o=6&pid=SANGAM"></div></div><div class="l_ecrd_simgset_item_data" style="width:80px;"><div class="l_ecrd_rq_btxt">Microsoft Word</div></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="lite-entcard-blk" id="l_ecrd_blk_5_Footer"><div class="l_ecrd_ftr"><div class="l_ecrd_ftr_txt hover_underline">Image: <a Title="en.wikipedia.org" aria-label="Image attribution en.wikipedia.org" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_text" h="ID=SERP,6138.1">en.wikipedia.org</a>. Data: <a Title="en.wikipedia.org" aria-label="Data attribution Wikipedia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org" h="ID=SERP,6139.1">Wikipedia</a> · <a Title="codedocs.org" aria-label="Data attribution codedocs.org" href="https://codedocs.org" h="ID=SERP,6140.1">codedocs.org</a> · <a Title="jarte.com" aria-label="Data attribution jarte.com" href="https://www.jarte.com" h="ID=SERP,6141.1">jarte.com</a> · <a Title="litmus.com" aria-label="Data attribution litmus.com" href="https://www.litmus.com" h="ID=SERP,6142.1">litmus.com</a><br />Wikipedia text under <a Title="creativecommons.org" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" h="ID=SERP,6143.1">CC-BY-SA license</a><br /><div class="l_ecrd_tud"><div id="fdbk_thmb18" class="fdbk_thmb_root " data-priority="2" aria-live="polite"><div id="fdbk_emotion18" class="fdbk_emotion"></div><span id="fdbtext_18" class="fdbtext">Feedback</span><a id="thumb_t18" class="thumb_y " role="button" aria-label="Feedback Like" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6209.1"></a><a id="thumb_f18" class="thumb_n " role="button" aria-label="Feedback Dislike" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6210.1"></a><div id="thumbUpTips18" class="fdbk_hide fdbtext"><span>Thanks!</span><a id="thumb_tum18" role="button" aria-label="Tell us more" href="javascript:void(0)" h="ID=SERP,6211.1">Tell us more</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="b_ans" data-tag data-partnerTag data-id h="SERP,6144.1" ><div class="b_rrsr"><h2 class="">Related searches</h2><ul class="b_vList b_divsec"><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+meaning+in+computer&FORM=R5FD" h="ID=SERP,6145.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text">plain text <strong>meaning in computer</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+in+information+security&FORM=R5FD1" h="ID=SERP,6147.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text">plain text <strong>in information security</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=clear+text+vs+plain&FORM=R5FD2" h="ID=SERP,6149.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text"><strong>clear</strong> text <strong>vs</strong> plain</div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=what+is+plain+text+mode&FORM=R5FD3" h="ID=SERP,6151.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text"><strong>what is</strong> plain text <strong>mode</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plain+text+format&FORM=R5FD4" h="ID=SERP,6153.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text">plain text <strong>format</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=plaintext+or+unformatted+text&FORM=R5FD5" h="ID=SERP,6155.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text"><strong>plaintext or unformatted</strong> text</div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=what+is+plaintext&FORM=R5FD6" h="ID=SERP,6157.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text"><strong>what is plaintext</strong></div></a></li><li data-priority=><a href="/search?q=wikipedia+text+only&FORM=R5FD7" h="ID=SERP,6159.1"><div><img height="12" width="12" role="presentation" class="rms_img" src="/rp/A-DN3O1zIPOGuS7S31PxjIqEr38.png" /></div><div class="suggestion_text">wikipedia text <strong>only</strong></div></a></li></ul></div></li></ol></span><span role="complementary" aria-label="Explore More"><ol id="b_dynRail"></ol></span><style type="text/css">#b_content #b_context > .b_ans{background-color:transparent;}#b_content #b_results.b_kcwptheme > li .b_deep h3 a{color:#B15601;}#b_content #b_results.b_kcwptheme > li h2 a{color:#B15601;}#b_content #b_results.b_kcwpthemeb > li .b_deep h3 a:hover{color:#B15601;}#b_content #b_results.b_kcwpthemeb > li h2 a:hover{color:#B15601;}#b_context .kcm-dtab-name-icon path{fill:#B15601 !important;}#b_context .l_ecrd_imcolheader a.l_ecrd_txt_lnk p *, #b_context .spl_logoheader a.l_ecrd_txt_lnk p *{text-decoration:none;}#b_context .l_ecrd_imcolheader_txt a, #b_context .spl_logoheader_ttl a{text-decoration:none;}#b_results .lite-entcard-blk .l_ecrd_simgset{padding:16px 1px;}#b_results>li .l_ecrd_simgset a.l_ecrd_rq_btxt{color:#111;}*:not(.l_ecrd_hero_ttl) > div > a.l_ecrd_txt_lnk.l_ecrd_txt_hover:hover,*:not(.l_ecrd_hero_ttl) > div > a.l_ecrd_item_hover:hover{color:#111;}.b_dark .l_ecrd_c2_svg svg{stroke:#ddd;}.b_dark .l_ecrd_d3_svg svg{stroke:#ddd;}.b_dark .l_ecrd_ftr_txt, .b_dark .lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_ftr_txt a, .b_dark .lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_ftr_txt a:visited {color:#767676;}.b_dark .l_ecrd_imgpair_svg svg{stroke:#ddd;}.b_dark .l_ecrd_txt_gl{color:#111;}.b_dark .lite-entcard-blk:not(:last-child):not(.l_ecrd_bkg_bdrls), .b_dark .lite-entcard-main > div:not(:last-child) > .lite-entcard-blk:not(.l_ecrd_bkg_bdrls) {border-bottom-color:#ddd;}.b_dark .lite-entcard-main{background-color:#f7f7f7;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #E1E1E1, 0 2px 3px 0 #E1E1E1;}.b_dark .lite-entcard-main, .b_dark .lite-entcard-main a, .b_dark .lite-entcard-main a:visited {color:#444;}.b_dark .lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_tabtbl .tfil-active, #bpage.b_drk .lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_tabtbl .tfil-active{background-color:#F4DAB0 !important;border:1px solid #F4DAB0 !important;color:#292827 !important;}.b_dark .lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_hov_thm:hover{background-color:unset;}.b_kcwpthemebg{background-color:#FCF8F5 !important;}.kc-dtab-name{background-color:#FCF8F5;border:1px solid #B15601;}.kcm-dtab-name{background-color:#FCF8F5;color:#B15601;}.l_acf_car[data-wptds-carousel] li[data-wptds-carousel-item]:has(.l_acf_car_imgset_cont:hover) > .l_acf_car_item .l_acf_car_tim .l_acf_car_tim_dot,.l_acf_car[data-wptds-carousel] li[data-wptds-carousel-item]:has(.l_acf_car_imgset_cont:focus) > .l_acf_car_item .l_acf_car_tim .l_acf_car_tim_dot{background:#B15601;}.l_acf_smry .l_ecrd_webicons > div{overflow:visible;}.l_acf_smry .l_ecrd_webicons > div > a{display:block;outline-offset:6px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;z-index:1;}.l_acf_smry .l_ecrd_webicons > div:focus-within{outline:none;}.l_acf_smry .l_ecrd_webicons a .sp-tpwebicons{border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden;}.l_ecrd_a1{padding:16px 20px;}.l_ecrd_a1 .spl_trnsths{padding-top:12px;}.l_ecrd_a1 div.SITE{padding:0 8px 0 0;}.l_ecrd_bkg_img{position:absolute;z-index:-1;}.l_ecrd_c2{display:inline-block;padding:16px 20px;width:calc(100% - 40px);}.l_ecrd_c2_fct_l .l_ecrd_c2_img{float:right;padding-left:12px;}.l_ecrd_c2_fct_r .l_ecrd_c2_img{float:left;padding-right:12px;position:relative;z-index:1;}.l_ecrd_c2_svg{display:flex;}.l_ecrd_c2_svg svg{height:1px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:16px;stroke:#DDD;stroke-width:2px;width:calc(100% + 20px);}.l_ecrd_d3{padding:16px 20px;}.l_ecrd_d3_fct2{padding-bottom:16px;}.l_ecrd_d3_fct3{clear:both;}.l_ecrd_d3_fct3 .l_ecrd_imgpair_img{padding-top:16px;}.l_ecrd_d3_fct_l .l_ecrd_d3_img{float:right;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:12px;position:relative;z-index:1;}.l_ecrd_d3_fct_r .l_ecrd_d3_img{float:left;padding-bottom:12px;padding-right:12px;position:relative;z-index:1;}.l_ecrd_d3_svg{display:flex;}.l_ecrd_d3_svg svg{height:1px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:16px;stroke:#DDD;stroke-width:2px;width:calc(100% + 20px);}.l_ecrd_ftr{display:flex;padding:12px 20px;position:relative;}.l_ecrd_ftr_seemore{background:#FFF;border:1px solid;border-radius:18px;bottom:-16px;font-weight:700;left:0;line-height:18px;margin:auto;padding:4px 16px;position:absolute;right:0;width:fit-content;z-index:1;}.l_ecrd_ftr_txt a,.l_ecrd_ftr_txt a:visited{text-decoration:underline;}.l_ecrd_ftr_txt,.l_ecrd_ftr_txt a,.l_ecrd_ftr_txt a:visited,.fdbtext{color:#444;font-size:11px;line-height:15px;}.l_ecrd_ftr_txt.hover_underline a,.l_ecrd_ftr_txt.hover_underline a:visited{text-decoration:none;}.l_ecrd_ftr_txt.hover_underline a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}.l_ecrd_hov{min-height:30px;position:fixed;text-align:left;visibility:hidden;width:233px;}.l_ecrd_hov .l_ecrd_hov_qna .l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_txt{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:20px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;}.l_ecrd_hov.lc_hoverhook{box-shadow:0 4px 12px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 35%);}.l_ecrd_hov_qna .l_ecrd_txt{font-size:12px;line-height:16px;position:relative;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna a{text-decoration:none;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna_site{align-items:center;display:flex;padding:0 12px 12px 12px;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna_site .sp-tpwebicons.SITE{flex-shrink:0;padding:0 8px 0 0;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_fav{border-radius:4px;flex-shrink:0;height:20px;margin-right:8px;overflow:hidden;width:20px;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna_txt{padding:12px;position:relative;}.l_ecrd_hov_qna_txt p{position:relative;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_txtside{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);}.l_ecrd_imcolheader .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover{margin-left:-12px;padding-bottom:16px;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_item{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);}.l_ecrd_imcolheader .spl_share svg{fill:#B15601;stroke:#B15601;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader.gradient .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_txtside{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);margin-top:-12px;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader.gradient .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_txtside:hover{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);transform:scale(1.10,1.10);transition:all ease-in-out .2s;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader.gradient .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_item{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);margin-top:-12px;}.l_ecrd_imcolheader.gradient .spl_share svg{fill:white;stroke:white;}.l_ecrd_img_m{margin-bottom:auto;margin-top:auto;}.l_ecrd_imgpair{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;}.l_ecrd_imgpair.l_ecrd_imgpair_f{display:inline-block;width:100%;}.l_ecrd_imgpair.l_ecrd_imgpair_ttop{align-items:start;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_cont{flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_img_f{float:left;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_imgpair_img, html[dir = 'rtl'] .l_ecrd_imgpair_r .l_ecrd_imgpair_img{padding-left:0px;padding-right:12px;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_imgpair_svg svg{margin-right:-20px;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_imgpair_txt{text-align:right;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_tud{float:right;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_r .l_ecrd_imgpair_img, html[dir = 'rtl'] .l_ecrd_imgpair_l .l_ecrd_imgpair_img{padding-left:12px;padding-right:0px;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_r .l_ecrd_imgpair_svg svg{margin-left:-20px;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_r .l_ecrd_imgpair_txt{text-align:left;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_svg{display:flex;padding-bottom:16px;}.l_ecrd_imgpair_svg svg{height:1px;stroke:#DDD;stroke-width:2px;width:calc(100% + 20px);}.l_ecrd_mttl{display:flex;margin-bottom:16px;}.l_ecrd_mttl > div{flex:1 1 auto;}.l_ecrd_mttl > div:last-of-type{flex:0 0 auto;}.l_ecrd_mttl svg{margin-top:-1px;vertical-align:middle;}.l_ecrd_nt{min-height:14px;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_nt_imgcolstrip{margin-left:20px;padding-top:16px;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons{direction:ltr;margin-left:20px;margin-top:-14px;position:absolute;z-index:2;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons + div{padding-top:26px;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons > div{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons > div:hover{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);transform:scale(1.10,1.10);transition:all ease-in-out .2s;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover{direction:ltr;margin-left:20px;margin-top:-14px;position:relative;z-index:2;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover .l_ecrd_webicon_with_title_item{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);}.l_ecrd_nt .spl_share{color:#fff;margin-top:-14px;position:absolute;right:20px;}.l_ecrd_nt .spl_share a{background:rgba(0, 0, 0, .7);border-radius:14px;color:#fff;}.l_ecrd_nt .spl_share svg{fill:#fff;margin:8px;stroke:#fff;width:12px;}.l_ecrd_poleheader .kc-dtab-name{background-color:#FFF;border:1px solid #B15601;}.l_ecrd_poleheader .kc-dtab-name-active{background-color:#FFF;border:1px solid #D1238C;}.l_ecrd_poleheader .kc-dtab-name-active .l_ecrd_thmtxt{color:#FFF;}.l_ecrd_poleheader.lightbg .l_ecrd_rel{background-color:#FCF8F5;}.l_ecrd_rq_btxt{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;line-height:18px;}.l_ecrd_simgset{padding:16px 20px;}.l_ecrd_simgset .l_ecrd_imgsetgrid_ttl{margin-bottom:16px;}.l_ecrd_simgset .l_ecrd_simgset_item_data{margin-top:8px;}.l_ecrd_simgset .l_ecrd_simgset_item_data > div{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}.l_ecrd_simgset a{outline-offset:-1px;}.l_ecrd_simgset li{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:top;}.l_ecrd_simgset li .cico{border-radius:6px;}.l_ecrd_simgset li:last-of-type{margin-right:0px;}.l_ecrd_simgset ul{direction:ltr;}.l_ecrd_simgset.l_ecrd_simgset_circle .l_ecrd_simgset_item_data{text-align:center;}.l_ecrd_simgset.l_ecrd_simgset_circle li .cico{border-radius:50%;}.l_ecrd_tmln_itm:hover .l_ecrd_brdr_thm.l_ecrd_tmln_bullet{background:#B15601;}.l_ecrd_tud{float:left;padding-top:8px;}.l_ecrd_tud a,.l_ecrd_tud a:link{color:#001BA0;}.l_ecrd_txt_gl{color:#111;font-size:18px;line-height:20px;}.l_ecrd_txt_heros, .l_ecrd_txt_small{font-size:40px;line-height:40px;}.l_ecrd_txt_hlt{font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;line-height:24px;}.l_ecrd_txt_l{margin-right:auto;text-align:left;}.l_ecrd_txt_lnk.l_ecrd_txt_hover.l_ecrd_hov_hitbox, .l_ecrd_hov_hitbox p{display:inline;}.l_ecrd_txt_ttl,.l_ecrd_txt_bld,.l_ecrd_txt_qfttl,.l_ecrd_txt_modttl,.l_ecrd_txt_heroxl,.l_ecrd_txt_herol,.l_ecrd_txt_herom,.l_ecrd_txt_heros,.l_ecrd_txt_heroxs,.l_ecrd_txt_heroxxs,.l_ecrd_qfcts_prim,.l_ecrd_bqfcts_txt.lite-entcard-exp-tit h2{font-weight:bold;}.l_ecrd_webicon_module_item{border-radius:9999px;flex-shrink:0;height:28px;width:28px;}.l_ecrd_webicon_module_item > a{border-radius:9999px;display:inline-block;outline-offset:2px;overflow:hidden;}.l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper:hover .l_ecrd_webicon_module_item{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);transform:scale(1.10,1.10);transition:all ease-in-out .2s;}.l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper:hover .l_ecrd_webicon_module_item_title{text-decoration:underline;}.l_ecrd_webicon_txtside{align-items:center;display:flex;overflow:hidden;}.l_ecrd_webicon_txtside .sp-webicons32 #salookinsidebooksvg{padding:8px;}.l_ecrd_webicons{direction:ltr;display:flex;}.l_ecrd_webicons > div{border-radius:9999px;flex-shrink:0;margin-right:12px;overflow:hidden;}.l_ecrd_webicons > div:focus-within{outline:auto;}.l_ecrd_webicons > div:last-of-type{margin-right:0;}.l_ecrd_webicons a:hover{text-decoration:none;}.l_ecrd_webicons_with_title, .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_Single{border-top:1px solid #ddd;display:flex;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:20px;padding-top:16px;}.l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_SingleWrapper{display:inline-flex;}.l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_SingleWrapper > a{padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;}.l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_SingleWrapper:hover .l_ecrd_webicon_module_item{box-shadow:0 1px 4px 1px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);transform:scale(1.10,1.10);transition:all ease-in-out .2s;}.l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_SingleWrapper:hover .l_ecrd_webicon_txtside{text-decoration:underline;}.lite-entcard-ans > div:last-child .l_ecrd_ftr{margin-bottom:28px;}.lite-entcard-blk{clear:both;position:relative;}.lite-entcard-blk > div:not(.l_ecrd_bkg_img){position:relative;}.lite-entcard-blk:not(:first-child){width:100%;}.lite-entcard-blk:not(:last-child):not(.l_ecrd_bkg_bdrls),.lite-entcard-main > div:not(:last-child) > .lite-entcard-blk:not(.l_ecrd_bkg_bdrls){border-bottom:1px solid #DDD;}.lite-entcard-main{border-radius:6px;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05), 0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#444;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:4px;width:100%;}.lite-entcard-main .spl_logoheader .spl_trnsths{padding-left:20px;}.lite-entcard-main a,.lite-entcard-main a:visited{color:#444;}.lite-entcard-main a:focus-visible .bsimg{outline-offset:-2px;outline-style:auto;}.lite-entcard-main p{-webkit-line-clamp:initial;}.lite-entcard-maintop .l_ecrd_ftr{margin:0 20px 0 -20px;padding:12px 20px 4px 20px;}.lite-entcard-maintop .l_ecrd_ftr_txt a{text-decoration:none;}.lite-entcard-maintop.l_ecrd_ans_expand .lite-entcard-blk{border-top:1px solid #DDD;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_chart_bar_thm{background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #E39807 0%, #B15601 100%);}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_tabtbl .tfil-active{background-color:#B15601 !important;border:1px solid #B15601 !important;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_bkg_hlt{background-color:#FCF8F5;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_bkg_txthlt{background-color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_brdr_thm{border-color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_chart_hbar_thm{background:linear-gradient(to left, #E39807 0%, #B15601 100%);}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_headergrad{background:linear-gradient(180deg, hsl(28.97727272727273,100%,45%) 0%, hsl(28.97727272727273,70%,35%) 100%);}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_hov .l_ecrd_hov_qna .l_ecrd_hov_qna_site_txt, .lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_txt_hlt, .lite-entcard_2a75e .sp-tpwebicons.sp-symbolicon.SRCH {color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_hov_thm:hover{background-color:#FCF8F5;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_hov_thmtxt:hover{color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_thm_fill{fill:#FCF8F5;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_thmtxt, .lite-entcard_2a75e a.l_ecrd_thmtxt, .lite-entcard_2a75e a.l_ecrd_thmtxt:visited{color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_tthm_fill{fill:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .sp-ofsite, .lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_product .spl_stf, .lite-entcard_2a75e .spl_trnsths, .lite-entcard_2a75e .lc_expfact_plus, .lite-entcard_2a75e .b_slidesContainer .seeAll_chev circle, .lite-entcard_2a75e .sp-symbolicon .gray50_fill{fill:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e .spl_trnsths a, .lite-entcard_2a75e .spl_trnsths a:visited{color:#B15601;}.lite-entcard_2a75e div.l_ecrd_largethumbheader{background:linear-gradient(180deg, hsl(28.97727272727273,100%,45%) 0%, hsl(28.97727272727273,70%,35%) 100%);}.lite-entcard_2a75e div.l_ecrd_thumbheader{background:linear-gradient(180deg, hsl(28.97727272727273,100%,45%) 0%, hsl(28.97727272727273,70%,35%) 100%);}.lite_acf.lite-entcard_2a75e .l_ecrd_hov_thm:hover{background-color:#FCF8F5;}.spl-car-tmln-container:hover .spl-car-tmln-dot{background:#B15601;}a.ent-dtab-btn{background-color:var(--AC_ThemeBack2, #FCF8F5);border-color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);}a.ent-dtab-btn.active{background-color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);border-color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);color:var(--AC_ThemeBack2, #FCF8F5);}a.ent-dtab-btn.ent-dtab-btn-hipo.def-override.ent-dtab-tabuxv1{background-color:var(--AC_ThemeBack2, #FCF8F5);border-color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);color:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);fill:var(--AC_ThemeFore1, #B15601);}a.l_ecrd_txt_lnk{text-decoration:none;}a.l_ecrd_txt_lnk:hover *:not(.l_ecrd_txt_nound):not(p){text-decoration:underline;}div.l_ecrd_imcolheader div.cico{z-index:1;}html[dir='ltr'] .l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper, .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_Single{padding-right:12px;}html[dir='ltr'] .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title > div:last-of-type{padding-right:0;}html[dir='rtl'] .l_ecrd_mttl svg{transform:scaleX(-1);}html[dir='rtl'] .l_ecrd_simgset ul li{direction:rtl;}html[dir='rtl'] .l_ecrd_tud{float:right;}html[dir='rtl'] .l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper{padding-left:12px;}html[dir='rtl'] .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title, .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_Single{padding-right:20px;}.l_ecrd_webicon_module_item_title{display:block;font:11px/15px 'Roboto',Helvetica,Sans-Serif;padding-top:4px;text-align:center;}@media only screen and (max-width:1268.9px){.l_ecrd_imcolheader.gradient.mimg .spl_share svg{fill:#B15601;stroke:#B15601;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons{margin-top:-10px;}.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons_with_title_hover{margin-left:9px;margin-top:-12px;}.l_ecrd_nt .spl_share span{display:none;}.l_ecrd_webicons > div{margin-right:8px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_herol{font-size:40px;line-height:40px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_herom{font-size:30px;line-height:30px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_heros{font-size:28px;line-height:28px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_heroxl{font-size:50px;line-height:50px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_heroxs{font-size:24px;line-height:24px;}.lite-entcard-main .l_ecrd_txt_heroxxs{font-size:20px;line-height:16px;}#b_context .l_ecrd_simgset li:nth-of-type(3){margin-right:0px;}#b_context .l_ecrd_simgset li:nth-of-type(4){display:none;}}@media only screen and (max-width:1274.9px){.l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper:nth-of-type(n+5){display:none;}}@media only screen and (max-width:1356.9px){.l_ecrd_txt_heros{font-size:30px;line-height:30px;}#b_context .l_ecrd_simgset li:nth-of-type(4){margin-right:0px;}#b_context .l_ecrd_simgset li:nth-of-type(5){display:none;}}@media only screen and (max-width:1356.9px) and (min-width:1269px){.l_ecrd_nt .l_ecrd_webicons{margin-top:-12px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:1363.9px) and (min-width:1275px){.l_ecrd_webicon_module_wrapper:nth-of-type(n+6){display:none;}}.entityPreview{position:fixed;width:300px;border:1px solid #ddd;background:#fff;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 4px 12px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);z-index:6}a.entityPreview{text-decoration:none}a.entityPreview:active{background-color:#ececec}.epv_caption{width:196px;position:absolute}.epv_data .cico{margin-right:12px}.epv_data .cico,.epv_caption{display:inline-block}.epv_data img{border-radius:6px}a.entityPreview .epv_data{padding:16px;min-height:30px}.epv_content{height:100%}.epv_head{margin-bottom:12px}.epv_data .epv_desc{color:#444;line-height:18px}.epv_title{font-size:16px;line-height:20px;padding-bottom:4px;color:#111}.epv_Summary,.epv_subTitle{color:#666}#epvRup,#epvLup{top:-10px}#epvRdown,#epvLdown{bottom:-20px}#epvLup,#epvLdown{left:20px}#epvRup,#epvRdown{right:20px}#epvRup,#epvLup,#epvRdown,#epvLdown{position:absolute;width:20px;height:20px}#epvRup polyline,#epvRdown polyline,#epvLup polyline,#epvLdown polyline{fill:#fff;stroke:#ddd;stroke-width:1px}.epv_content .b_icRatings.b_icRat_2{justify-content:space-around}.epv_content .b_icRatings{margin-bottom:8px;color:#111;text-align:center;padding:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.epv_content .b_icRatings .b_imagePair>div:last-child{display:inline-block;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:top}.epv_content .b_icRatings .cico{margin-right:8px;padding-right:0;border-radius:0}.epv_content td:nth-child(2){color:#111;font-weight:bold}.epv_content td{padding:0;color:#666}.epv_content tr:not(:last-child) td{padding-bottom:4px}.epv_comp{margin-bottom:12px}.epv_relation{color:#444;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #ececec;margin-bottom:10px;line-height:18px}.spl_logobg{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;top:0;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;z-index:-1}.spl_logoheader{padding-bottom:16px}.spl_logoheader_txt{padding:16px 20px 0}.spl_logoheader_desc{padding:16px 20px 0}.spl_logoheader_site{padding:8px 20px 0}.spl_logoheader_ttl{padding-bottom:4px}.spl_logoheader_sbttl{padding-bottom:8px}.spl_logoheader .spl_claimstat{margin:0;z-index:1}.spl_logoheader_img{position:relative}.spl_logoheader .cico{border:10px solid #f8f8f8;background-color:#f8f8f8;box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05);transition:all ease-in-out .2s}.spl_logoheader .cico:hover{box-shadow:0 2px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 2px 4px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.14);transform:scale(1.08,1.08)}.spl_logoheader_txt a,.spl_logoheader_txt a:visited{color:var(--primtxt)}.spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd{position:relative;color:#fff;z-index:0}.spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd .spl_logoheader_ttl span{color:#fff}#b_content .b_ans .spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd .spl_logoheader_sbttl{color:#fff}.spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd a,.spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd a:visited,#bpage .spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd a,#bpage .spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd a:visited,#bpage.b_drk .spl_logoheader_txt a,#bpage.b_drk .spl_logoheader_txt a:visited{color:#fff}.spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd .spl_claimstat a,#bpage.b_drk .spl_logoheader_txt.hdgrd .spl_claimstat a{color:#fff;fill:#fff}.spl_logoheader.smcsqr .spl_logoheader_img{border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;text-align:center}.spl_logoheader.smcsqr .cico{display:inline-flex;margin-top:-24px;margin-bottom:16px}.spl_logoheader.smccrc .spl_logoheader_img{border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;text-align:center;height:92px}.spl_logoheader.smccrc .cico{display:inline-flex;margin-top:-18px;border-radius:100%}.spl_logoheader.smrsqr .spl_logoheader_img{float:right;padding-right:24px;margin-top:-32px;z-index:1}.spl_logoheader.smrsqr .spl_logoheader_txt{padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1301.9px){.spl_logoheader.smrsqr .spl_logoheader_img{padding-right:12px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1213.9px){.spl_logoheader.smrsqr .spl_logoheader_img{padding-right:16px;margin-top:12px}.spl_logoheader.smrsqr .cico{border-width:5px}}.spl_logoheader.smrcrc .spl_logoheader_img{float:right;padding-right:15px;z-index:1}.spl_logoheader.smrcrc .cico{border-radius:100%}.spl_logoheader.smrcrc .spl_logoheader_txt{padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1213.9px){.spl_logoheader.smrcrc .spl_logoheader_img{padding-right:16px;margin-top:12px}.spl_logoheader.smrcrc .cico{border-width:5px}}.spl_logoheader.bgrcrc .spl_logoheader_img{border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;text-align:right;padding-right:15px;height:97px;z-index:0}.spl_logoheader.bgrcrc .cico{float:right;margin-top:24px;border-radius:100%}@media only screen and (max-width:1213.9px){.spl_logoheader.bgrcrc .spl_logoheader_img{height:66px}.spl_logoheader.bgrcrc .cico{margin-top:31px}}</style></div><div id="b_footer" class="b_footer" role="contentinfo"><div id="b_footerItems"><span>© 2024 Microsoft</span><ul><li><a id="sb_privacy" href="http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=521839" h="ID=SERP,5066.1">Privacy and Cookies</a></li><li><a id="sb_legal" href="http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=246338" h="ID=SERP,5067.1">Legal</a></li><li><a id="sb_advertise" href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=868922" h="ID=SERP,5068.1">Advertise</a></li><li><a id="sb_help" target="_blank" href="https://support.microsoft.com/topic/82d20721-2d6f-4012-a13d-d1910ccf203f" h="ID=SERP,5069.1">Help</a></li><li></li></ul></div></div><link id="as-css-link" rel="prefetch" crossorigin="anonymous" fetchpriority="low" href="/rp/SxGaP3uRR2O2xxmRSGKvNuPMUV8.gz.css" type="text/css" as="style" /><div id="b_TriviaOverlay"></div><div class="sb_hbop"><div id="d5128" class="b_hide b_dropdown" role="menu" data-filterkey=""><div class="ftrD" id="ftrD_Date"><a class="b_toggle" role="menuitem" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&FORM=000017&qpvt=Plain+text+wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5405.1">All</a><a class="b_toggle " role="menuitem" target="" tabindex="-1" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&filters=ex1%3a%22ez1%22&FORM=000017&qpvt=Plain+text+wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5406.1">Past 24 hours</a><a class="b_toggle " role="menuitem" target="" tabindex="-1" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&filters=ex1%3a%22ez2%22&FORM=000017&qpvt=Plain+text+wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5407.1">Past week</a><a class="b_toggle " role="menuitem" target="" tabindex="-1" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&filters=ex1%3a%22ez3%22&FORM=000017&qpvt=Plain+text+wikipedia" h="ID=SERP,5408.1">Past month</a><a class="b_toggle " role="menuitem" target="" tabindex="-1" href="/search?q=Plain+text+wikipedia&filters=ex1%3a%22ez5_19686_20051%22&FORM=000017" h="ID=SERP,5409.1">Past year</a><span id="drvph" data-url="/control/tfcalendar?q=Plain%20text%20wikipedia&form=WIKIRE&IG=05AB3E1E2FDE43AE881E5E8B1B595EDA&StartDate=11%2f14%2f2024+17%3a39%3a49&EndDate=11%2f24%2f2024+17%3a39%3a49&IsApplied=False&DisplayText=Custom+range&DateOffset=0&FormCode=&ApplyLinkUrl=%2fsearch%3fq%3dPlain%2btext%2bwikipedia%26filters%3dex1%253a%2522ez5_0_0%2522%26FORM%3d000017%26qpvt%3dPlain%2btext%2bwikipedia&ApplyLinkText=ez5&IID=SERP.5128"></span></div></div><div id="PromptDetails" class="b_hide" data-lat="0" data-lon="0" data-dist="0" data-noRefresh="true" data-check="true"></div><div id="g_EfLoc" data-lat="1.3056119680404663" data-lon="103.8230209350586" data-disp="Singapore, Central Region" data-source="1"></div></div><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ var img_p = document.getElementById('id_p'); img_p && img_p.addEventListener('error', function() {FallBackToDefaultProfilePic(img_p) });;(function(){function i(){var t=_ge("b_header");t&&(t.className=t.classList.contains("b_2ndscope")?"b_focus b_2ndscope":"b_focus");n&&(typeof Log!="undefined"&&Log&&Log.Log&&Log.Log("SpSbInteract","AS","PerfInst",!1),n=!1)}var t=_ge("sb_form_q"),n=!0;sj_be(t,"focus",i)})(); //]]></script><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=">//<![CDATA[ (function(n,t){onload=function(){_G.BPT=new Date;n&&n();!_w.sb_ppCPL&&t&&sb_st(function(){t(new Date)},0)}})(_w.onload,_w.si_PP);sa_loader=function(){_w.rms.js({'rms:answers:AutoSuggest:AutoSug':'\/rp\/az2mMACShmJKfpZYITXiEyXyqr4.gz.js',d:1});};;_w.rms.js({'A:0':0},{'A:rms:answers:GlobalsScript:RefreshPageLongInactive':'\/rp\/5WG_kDsbFabhsuv_6NwDoh2LdnI.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:BingCore.Bundle':'\/rp\/jWonkWqZMUZFEOoAFQk37njC0rQ.gz.js'},{'A:1':1},{'A:rms:answers:VisualSystem:EnableStopLinkBehavior':'\/rp\/8rqwN7Xb28A6E1cuZBn327GVXX0.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:VisualSystem:WebScopeInteractions':'\/rp\/a7s5nizZY8lKJ6VMCdSRJA2buHw.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:VisualSystem:ScopeBarRankInst':'\/rp\/fHuyi8cU3N_FKljgNDAU8JiBqx0.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Identity:BlueIdentityDropdownBootStrap':'\/rp\/yjXVFOxf6UdoTA2BOwEH6n4ClfI.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Identity:BlueIdentityHeader':'\/rp\/ihC7RhTVhw2ULO_1rMUWydIu_rA.gz.js'},{'A:2':2},{'A:rms:answers:Identity:SnrWindowsLiveConnectBootstrap':'\/rp\/cJksCHwhB_Z32I0ytWPMUDsybak.gz.js'},{'A:3':3},{'A:rms:answers:Identity:ProfilePicturePostLoader':'\/rp\/fDgf7Oh5R8mPygWLQcaNRoJGj5Q.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Rewards:RewardsHeaderSVG':'\/rp\/GK9SuRKiu0QbKYnVgoAlgmuWrNU.gz.js'},{'A:4':4},{'A:rms:answers:Rewards:RewardsNcHeaderBootstrap':'\/rp\/5g-N9K-X1ykUl3QHEadPjpOM0Tc.gz.js'},{'A:RewardsReportActivity':'https:\/\/r.bing.com\/rs\/6v\/x2\/nj\/nt6a1ZR520utsLoZmSYgwxdOPgI.js?or=w'},{'A:rms:answers:Rewards:RewardsCreditRefresh':'\/rp\/byLmVJQA1UzOFcrs9Jrvys4jXhM.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Rewards:ModernReportActivity':'\/rp\/bgNvw2gj4n0x2fVy9WAk0RbfPQQ.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Rewards:ReportActivityBootstrap':'\/rp\/SO02eTikN8ZV7bCSXFKur4CKSoQ.gz.js'},{'A:5':5},{'A:rms:answers:Web:UetTag':'\/rp\/w1gdrM6p5Kmzh4Gi9fKcTaefJ1s.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:UpdateDefaults':'\/rp\/NRudXMsXYtnM1BQyD6xvAZoudZM.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:KeyPressScroll':'\/rp\/UiCBzdqhH8tMlfayZdAijZAB5sE.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:AlgoTitleColorOnMousedown':'\/rp\/f5M90q9eKVXkGU-DAv9Aa4jef2k.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:CursorProgressOnClick_Rebind':'\/rp\/VLm4tyiMlywwyg4FgWjZITn5W48.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:CursorProgressOnClick':'\/rp\/we5MTeTkjiic9oaBxzZpmSWxZ5k.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Web:MouseDownAnchorClick':'\/rp\/HwibqTFOuUoLBUYr49wngx50n2c.gz.js'},{'A:6':6},{'A:rms:answers:SegmentFilters:DropDown':'\/rp\/Nksr5XkRIuoUdxQ2qS3yL9r8V8E.gz.js'},{'A:7':7},{'A:rms:answers:Web:DnsExperimentA':'\/rp\/3tdN5-aUjXHlyFDCP-W57B-Gjkg.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:WebResult:ExtendIconClickTargets':'\/rp\/DEjxwvkpxv2TrYEFLbNhRWrxeFg.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:WebResult:CaptionClickable':'\/rp\/opO9dTWGL5qBbKSyexNwGQ6y8-Q.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:WebResult:WebResultToolbox':'\/rp\/uk_UtgpS3Vx82_2KByeueWFHn_Q.gz.js'},{'A:ProgressiveImages':'https:\/\/r.bing.com\/rs\/6v\/sQ\/jnc,nj\/2RFgnacsz6nPw9vvxd8AGFyaQr8.js?or=w'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:Swipe':'\/rp\/6v5u2U4fJjMh954CqHxOmGfCxRs.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:Orientation':'\/rp\/ALeVzHWphHzcRnC_3ugnhqYUEPM.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:TabControl':'\/rp\/D36Uq2tG-JZ1glXfeX3wj6pjnG0.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:ThumbsUpDownFeedback':'\/rp\/zZNw0WGU1nLGF0Ru6IYizdXTJBk.gz.js'},{'A:8':8},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:AjaxDataLoader':'\/rp\/9YFq4imrseEwIuXcDlV0BNdcqbc.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:Pager':'\/rp\/1Xov-RfHHhtkuDG5ykngQVY7k-A.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:Chevrons':'\/rp\/XsO_kXSrXEzfuUWANypwtIq2qwg.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:SlideExperience':'\/rp\/rEu7kMEDq3A9V5ChkVw2ymVy1qc.gz.js'},{'A:9':9},{'A:rms:answers:WebResult:AlgoInnovationAnchorUrlRedirect':'\/rp\/H9-akWCMWJPXfH85q1IOPeJgM1U.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:WebResult:CaptionImageOverlay':'\/rp\/Pl_IF8UExGFaxi8wb-4RyEKOonU.gz.js'},{'A:10':10},{'A:rms:answers:Multimedia:IFrameOverlayContainer_PostLoad':'\/rp\/nwjuy36-UFy0C0sLDCTnvdBAv64.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Multimedia:ImageDetailIFrameOverlay_PostLoad':'\/rp\/Jhcu_55E4oZmA7XFf1oxcaAGFvM.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Multimedia:InsightsOverlayContainer_PostLoad':'\/rp\/pt-9DJvVZPpXIPBXEPmdzcEVBQM.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Shared:LGWidget':'\/rp\/gPRwRpxxDFQcNSvzgvvtc_AjzQg.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:QuerySuggestion:ClickBackRS':'\/rp\/dYz9PzlPqAXtY4bLRNOWwKeFfUU.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:QuerySuggestion:ClickBackRSNewJSCF':'\/rp\/yIQEZKJqiru4vW4YsQrakg3TlUE.gz.js'},{'A:rms:answers:Ads:ClickOnMouseDown':'\/rp\/Tyve2V384BwqZPolmiSZTka5ulM.gz.js'},{'A:11':11},{'A:rms:answers:WPC:EntityPanePreview':'\/rp\/iL7ed5YKbRx9-cYi2E3KeQSakjk.gz.js'},{'A:12':12});; //]]></script><div id="aRmsDefer"><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div><div style="display:none" "></div></div><script type="text/javascript" nonce="FX717HCH2mKw+9wuFcy/ojJ948/34O9m1wZENE84QVw=" >//<![CDATA[ _G.HT=new Date; //]]></script></body></html>