Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no"> <base href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html" /> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics, A&A, ESO, EDP Sciences" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /> <meta name="description" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics" /> <title>Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article_hljs_github.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_bookmarking.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_purchase.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_solr.css" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/plugins/system/jqueryeasy/jquerynoconflict.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/article.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-S2LKMZBHJL" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/modules/mod_article_bookmarking/assets/js/bookmarking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var ARTICLE_CLICK_VIEW = "Click to view fullscreen"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_HIDE = "Click anywhere to hide the fullscreen overlay"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_MOVIE = "Click to play the movie"; var COM_ARTICLE_DISPLAY_EQUATION_AS = "Display equations as"; var COM_ARTICLE_COPY_IN_CLIPBOARD = "LaTeX copied in clipboard!"; const MATHML_DISPLAY = "disabled"; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() {dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-S2LKMZBHJL', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'G-T2TE0Y7XE9', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'user_properties', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' }); </script> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="A&A"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="EDP Sciences"> <meta name="citation_author" content="A. Tokovinin"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla聽603, La Serena, Chile e-mail: atokovinin@ctio.noao.edu"> <meta name="citation_author" content="S. Thomas"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla聽603, La Serena, Chile e-mail: atokovinin@ctio.noao.edu"> <meta name="citation_author" content="M. Sterzik"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="European Southern Observatory, Casilla聽19001, Santiago聽19, Chile e-mail: msterzik@eso.org"> <meta name="citation_author" content="S. Udry"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Observatoire de Gen猫ve, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland e-mail: Stephane.Udry@obs.unige.ch"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2006/04/10"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2006/05/01"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="450"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="2"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="681"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="693"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1051/0004-6361:20054427"> <meta name="citation_bibcode" content="2006A%26A...450..681T"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2006/17/aa4427-05.pdf"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0004-6361"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1432-0746"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: binaries: visual"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: binaries: spectroscopic"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: formation"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="We have surveyed a sample of 165 solar-type spectroscopic binaries (SB) with periods from 1 to 30 days for higher-order multiplicity. A subsample of 62 targets were observed with the NACO adaptive optics system and 13 new physical tertiary companions were detected. An additional 12 new wide companions (5 still tentative) were found using the 2MASS all-sky survey. The binaries belong to 161 stellar systems; of these 64 are triple, 11 quadruple and 7 quintuple. After correction for incompleteness, the fraction of SBs with additional companions is found to be 63% <i>卤<i/> 5%. We find that this fraction is a strong function of the SB period <i>P<i/>, reaching 96% for and dropping to 34% for . Period distributions of SBs with and without tertiaries are significantly different, but their mass ratio distributions are identical. The statistical data on the multiplicity of close SBs presented in this paper indicates that the periods and mass ratios of SBs were established very early, but the periods of SB systems with triples were further shortened by angular momentum exchange with companions."> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=Y. Avni;citation_author=A. Soltan;citation_author=L. Tananbaum;citation_author=C. Zamoran;citation_publication_date=1980;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=238;citation_firstpage=800;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. R. Bate;citation_author=I. A. Bonnell;citation_author=V. Brown;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=336;citation_firstpage=705;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Batten, A. H. 1973, Binary and multiple systems of stars (Oxford: Pergamon)"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. H. Batten;citation_author=J. M. Fletcher;citation_author=D. G. McCarthy;citation_publication_date=1989;citation_journal_title=Publ. Dom. Ap. Obs.;citation_volume=17;citation_firstpage=1;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. R. Bate;citation_author=I. A. Bonnell;citation_publication_date=1997;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=282;citation_firstpage=33;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Brandeker, A. 2004, in Star Formation at High Angular Resolution, ed. M. Burton, R. Jayawardhana, & T. Bourke, Proc. IAU Symp., 221, 229"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=L. M. Close;citation_author=H. B. Richer;citation_author=D. R. Crabtree;citation_publication_date=1990;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=100;citation_firstpage=1968;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=E. J. Delgado-Donate;citation_author=C. J. Clarke;citation_author=M. R. Bate;citation_publication_date=2003;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=342;citation_firstpage=926;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Duquennoy;citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_publication_date=1991;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=248;citation_firstpage=485;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Eggenberger;citation_author=S. Udry;citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_publication_date=2004;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=417;citation_firstpage=353;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=P. Eggleton;citation_author=L. Kisseleva-Egggleton;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=562;citation_firstpage=101;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=F. C. Fekel;citation_publication_date=1997;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=114;citation_firstpage=2747;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Goldberg;citation_author=T. Mazeh;citation_author=D. W. Latham;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=124;citation_firstpage=1132;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Goldberg;citation_author=T. Mazeh;citation_author=D. W. Latham;citation_publication_date=2003;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=591;citation_firstpage=397;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=G. A. Gontcharov;citation_author=A. A. Andronova;citation_author=O. A. Titov;citation_author=E. V. Kornilov;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=365;citation_firstpage=222;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. L. Halbwachs;citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_author=S. Udry;citation_author=F. Arenou;citation_publication_date=2003;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=397;citation_firstpage=159;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Hartkopf, W. I., Mason, B. D., Wycoff, G. L., & McAlister, H. A. 2004, Fourth Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars, http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/int4.html (INT4)"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=T. D. Henry;citation_author=D. W. McCarthy;citation_publication_date=1993;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=106;citation_firstpage=773;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Hopmann, J. 1973, Astron. Mitt. Wien, No. 13"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=S. Isobe;citation_author=M. Noguchi;citation_author=J. Ohtsubo;citation_publication_date=1992;citation_journal_title=PNAOJ;citation_volume=2;citation_firstpage=459;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=L. Kisseleva;citation_author=P. Eggleton;citation_author=S. Mikkola;citation_publication_date=1998;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=200;citation_firstpage=292;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Kroupa, P. 2001, in The formation of binary stars, ed. H. Zinnecker, & R. D. Mathieu, Proc. IAU Symp., 200"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=P. Kroupa;citation_author=A. Burkert;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=555;citation_firstpage=945;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Lang, K. R. 1992, Astrophysical data. Planets and Stars (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=R. B. Larson;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=332;citation_firstpage=155;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. W. Latham;citation_author=R. P. Stefanik;citation_author=G. Torres;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=124;citation_firstpage=1144;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=V. V. Makarov;citation_author=G. H. Kaplan;citation_publication_date=2005;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=129;citation_firstpage=2420;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=R. A. Mardling;citation_author=S. J. Aarseth;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=321;citation_firstpage=398;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=B. D. Mason;citation_author=G. L. Wyckoff;citation_author=W. I. Hartkopf;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=122;citation_firstpage=3466;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_author=T. Mazeh;citation_publication_date=1987;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=171;citation_firstpage=157;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=C. H. F. Melo;citation_author=E. Covino;citation_author=J. M. Alcala;citation_author=G. Torres;citation_publication_date=2001;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=378;citation_firstpage=898;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Muterspraugh, M. W., Lane, B. F., Konacki, M., et al. 2005, A&A, in print [arXiv:astro-ph/0509855]"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=F. Namouni;citation_publication_date=2005;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=130;citation_firstpage=280;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=B. Nordstr枚m;citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_author=J. Andersen;citation_publication_date=2004;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=419;citation_firstpage=989;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=D. Pourbaix;citation_author=A. A. Tokovinin;citation_author=A. H. Batten;citation_publication_date=2004;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=424;citation_firstpage=727;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Poveda;citation_author=C. Allen;citation_author=L. Parrao;citation_publication_date=1982;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=258;citation_firstpage=589;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=B. Reipurth;citation_publication_date=2000;citation_journal_title=AJ;citation_volume=120;citation_firstpage=3177;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Richichi;citation_author=I. Percheron;citation_author=M. Khristoforova;citation_publication_date=2004;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=431;citation_firstpage=773;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=N. Shatsky;citation_author=A. Tokovinin;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=383;citation_firstpage=92;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. F. Sterzik;citation_author=R. H. Durisen;citation_publication_date=1998;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=339;citation_firstpage=95;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. F. Sterzik;citation_author=R. H. Durisen;citation_author=H. Zinnecker;citation_publication_date=2003;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=411;citation_firstpage=91;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=M. F. Sterzik;citation_author=C. H. F. Melo;citation_author=A. A. Tokovinin;citation_author=N. van der Bliek;citation_publication_date=2005;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=434;citation_firstpage=671;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. E. Tohline;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=ARA&A;citation_volume=40;citation_firstpage=349;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. A. Tokovinin;citation_publication_date=1997;citation_journal_title=A&AS;citation_volume=124;citation_firstpage=75;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. A. Tokovinin;citation_publication_date=2000;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=360;citation_firstpage=997;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Tokovinin, A. 2001, in The formation of binary stars, ed. H. Zinnecker, & R. D. Mathieu, IAU Symp., 200, ASP Conf. Ser., 84"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. Tokovinin;citation_publication_date=2004;citation_journal_title=Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof. Conf. Ser.;citation_volume=21;citation_firstpage=7;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=A. A. Tokovinin;citation_author=M. G. Smekhov;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=382;citation_firstpage=118;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=S. Umbreit;citation_author=A. Burkert;citation_author=T. Henning;citation_publication_date=2005;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=623;citation_firstpage=940;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=S. Udry;citation_author=M. Mayor;citation_author=N. C. Santos;citation_publication_date=2003;citation_journal_title=A&A;citation_volume=407;citation_firstpage=369;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=J. A. J. Whelan;citation_publication_date=1970;citation_journal_title=MNRAS;citation_volume=149;citation_firstpage=167;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Zinnecker, H., & Mathieu, R. D. (eds.) 2001, The formation of binary stars, Proc. IAU Symp. 200 (ASP Conf. Ser.)"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=S. Zucker;citation_author=T. Mazeh;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=568;citation_firstpage=L113;"> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="漏 ESO, 2006"> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics"> <meta name="prism.coverDisplayDate" content="May I 2006"> <meta name="prism.volume" content="450"> <meta name="prism.number" content="2"> <meta name="prism.section" content="Stellar structure and evolution"> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="681"> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="693"> <meta name="prism.issn" content="0004-6361"> <meta name="prism.eIssn" content="1432-0746"> <meta name="prism.doi" content="10.1051/0004-6361:20054427"> <meta name="prism.keyword" content="stars: binaries: visual"> <meta name="prism.keyword" content="stars: binaries: spectroscopic"> <meta name="prism.keyword" content="stars: formation"> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""> <link href="/templates/template1/images/aa/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Crimson+Text&family=Open+Sans:wght@400;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/templates/source/css/article.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/template1/css/cookie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/template1/css/commun_v3.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/template1/css/template1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/source/css/flags25.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/template1/css/aa.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/templates/source/js/mmenu2/dist/css/jquery.mmenu.all.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>  </head> <body id="com_article" class="aa marketing "> <div id="journal-webpage"> <header> <div class="header-edp"> <div class="wrap "> <div class="logo-edp"> <a href="https://www.edpsciences.org" target="_blank"><img src="/templates/source/images/logos/logo_edp_105.svg" alt="EDP Sciences logo"></a> </div> <nav class="edp-nav"> <ul> <li><a href="https://publications.edpsciences.org/">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/en/books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.webofconferences.org/">Conferences</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header_cart"> <a href="#" class="cart-box" id="cart-info" title="Display your shopping cart"> <span class="ico ico-cart"></span> <span class="cart-counter hidden">0</span> </a> </div> <div class="reg_info auth"> <div class="btn-nav"> <span class="ico16 white subs"></span><span>Subscriber Authentication Point </span> <nav class="user"> <ul> <li> <a href="/component/authenticate/?task=login"> Sign in with login/password </a> </li> <li> <a href="/component/authenticate/?task=access"> Your subscription </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="reg_info account"> <div class="btn-nav"> <span class="ico16 white login"></span> <span class="reg_info-user">EDPS Account</span> <nav class="user"> <ul> <li><a href="/component/services/">Login</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="header-nav"> <div class="wrap"> <a href="/" class="logo" title="Journal homepage"><img src="/templates/template1/images/aa/logo_aa.svg" alt="Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)"></a> <nav class="menu"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="item-122"><a href="/component/issues/?task=all&Itemid=122" >All volumes</a></li><li class="item-443"><a href="/for-authors" >For authors</a></li></ul> </nav> <div class="custom search default"> <span class="ico ico-search" title="Display the search engine">Search</span> </div> <a href="#menu-mobile" class="nav-mobile-link">Menu</a> </div> <nav id="menu-mobile"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="item-145 deeper parent"><span class="separator">About A&A</span> <ul><li class="item-137"><a href="/about-aa/aims-and-scope" >Aims and scope</a></li><li class="item-143"><a href="/about-aa/history" >History</a></li><li class="item-136"><a href="/about-aa/editors-of-aa" >Editors of A&A</a></li><li class="item-140"><a href="/about-aa/board-of-directors" >Board of Directors</a></li><li class="item-138"><a href="/about-aa/indexed-in" >Indexed in</a></li><li class="item-139"><a href="/about-aa/copyright" >Copyright</a></li><li class="item-162"><a href="/images/stories/leaflet/aa_leaflet.pdf" target="_blank" >A&A leaflet (PDF)</a></li><li class="item-530"><a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/images/stories/librarians/EDP-AA-S2O.pdf" target="_blank" >A&A S2O leaflet (PDF)</a></li><li class="item-197"><a href="/about-aa/masthead" >Masthead</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-424 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Browse articles</span> <ul><li class="item-427"><a href="/component/issues/?task=all" >All volumes</a></li><li class="item-429"><a href="/component/list/?task=topic" >Special issues</a></li><li class="item-432"><a href="/component/forthcoming/" >Forthcoming</a></li><li class="item-435"><a href="/highlights" >Highlights</a></li><li class="item-221"><a href="/2024-press-releases" >Press releases</a></li><li class="item-533"><a href="/component/issues/?task=images" >Featured images</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-396 deeper parent"><a href="/for-authors" >For authors</a><ul><li class="item-161 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Author information</span> <ul><li class="item-186"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/paper-organization" >Paper organization</a></li><li class="item-232"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/news-from-the-editorial-office" >News from the Editorial Office</a></li><li class="item-192"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/page-charges" >Page charges</a></li><li class="item-173"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/acceptance-stage" >Acceptance stage</a></li><li class="item-159"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/production-stage" >Production stage</a></li><li class="item-233"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/copyright" >Copyright</a></li><li class="item-231"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/open-access" >Open Access</a></li><li class="item-196"><a href="/doc_journal/instructions/aadoc.pdf" target="_blank" >Author's guide (PDF)</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-189 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Language editing</span> <ul><li class="item-502"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/1-introduction" >1. Introduction</a></li><li class="item-472"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/2-main-guidelines" >2. Main guidelines for A&A style</a></li><li class="item-475"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/3-general-structure" >3. General structure</a></li><li class="item-478"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/4-uk-versus-us-spelling-and-grammar" >4. UK versus US spelling and grammar</a></li><li class="item-481"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/5-punctuation-and-style-concerns-regarding-equations-figures-tables-and-footnotes" >5. Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes</a></li><li class="item-484"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/6-verb-tenses" >6. Verb tenses</a></li><li class="item-487"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/7-general-hyphenation-guide" >7. General hyphenation guide</a></li><li class="item-490"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/8-common-editing-issues" >8. Common editing issues</a></li><li class="item-493"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/9-measurements-and-their-descriptions" >9. Measurements and their descriptions</a></li><li class="item-496"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/10-suggested-resources-for-more-tips-on-language-editing-in-the-sciences" >10. Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences</a></li><li class="item-499"><a href="/images/stories/author/EnglishGuide-2021.pdf" target="_blank" >Full Guide (PDF file)</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-178 deeper parent"><span class="separator">LaTeX issues</span> <ul><li class="item-370"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/texnical-background-information" >TeXnical background information </a></li><li class="item-369"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-preamble-of-your-tex-file" >The preamble of your TEX file</a></li><li class="item-371"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-manuscript-header" >The manuscript header</a></li><li class="item-391"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/including-author-names-using-non-roman-alphabets" >Including author names using non-Roman alphabets</a></li><li class="item-372"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-main-text" >The main text</a></li><li class="item-373"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/figures" >Figures</a></li><li class="item-374"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/tables" >Tables</a></li><li class="item-375"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/multi-media" >Multimedia </a></li><li class="item-376"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/references" >References </a></li><li class="item-377"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/typography" >Typography</a></li><li class="item-378"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/appendices" >Appendices </a></li><li class="item-380"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/astronomical-objects-linking-to-databases" >Astronomical objects: linking to databases </a></li><li class="item-381"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/latex-examples" >LaTeX examples</a></li><li class="item-466"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/information-files" >Information files</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-456"><a href="https://writingstudio.aws.edpsciences.org/login" target="_blank" >Writing studio</a></li><li class="item-459"><a href="/for-authors/submit-an-article" >Submit an article</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-440"><a href="/component/journal_price/" >Subscriber information</a></li><li class="item-514"><a href="/subscribe-to-open-faqs" >Subscribe to Open (S2O) FAQs</a></li><li class="item-437"><a href="/component/services/" >Reader's services</a></li><li class="item-127"><a href="/news" >News</a></li></ul> </nav> </div> <div id="search" class="hidden"> <div class="wrap-search"> <form action="/component/solr/?task=quick_search" method="post"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="inputs"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <button type="submit" value="search"> <span class="ico ico-search" title="Search"></span> </button> </div> <div class="s_volume_page"> <a href="/component/searcharticle/?by=vol-page">Access by volume/page</a> </div> <div class="advanced"><a href="/component/solr/">Advanced Search</a></div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function ($) { var source = function (request, callback) { var term = request.term; $.ajax({ url: '/index.php', dataType: 'json', method: 'GET', data: { option: 'com_solr', task: 'auto_complete', query: term }, success: function (data) { var suggestions = []; try { data.suggest.default[term].suggestions.forEach(function (s) { suggestions.push(s.term)}) } catch (e) { } callback(suggestions); }, error: function (err) { callback([]); } }); }; $('#search').find('input[name=q]').autocomplete({ source: source }); }); </script> <div class="header-cover"> <div class="wrap"> </div> </div> </header> <main class="aa" id="main">  <div class="wrap" > <div class="breadcrumbs"> <a href="/" class="pathway">Home</a> <img src="/media/system/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/component/issues/" class="pathway">All issues</a> <img src="/media/system/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/contents/contents.html" class="pathway">Volume 450 / No 2 (May I 2006)</a> <img src="/media/system/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <a href="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html" class="pathway">A&A, 450 2 (2006) 681-693</a> <img src="/media/system/images/arrow.png" alt="" /> <span>Abstract</span></div> <div id="content" class="id-101 full"> <div> <nav class="nav-article nav-buttons"> <ul class="menu"> <li class="item-145 deeper parent"><span class="separator">About A&A</span> <ul><li class="item-137"><a href="/about-aa/aims-and-scope" >Aims and scope</a></li><li class="item-143"><a href="/about-aa/history" >History</a></li><li class="item-136"><a href="/about-aa/editors-of-aa" >Editors of A&A</a></li><li class="item-140"><a href="/about-aa/board-of-directors" >Board of Directors</a></li><li class="item-138"><a href="/about-aa/indexed-in" >Indexed in</a></li><li class="item-139"><a href="/about-aa/copyright" >Copyright</a></li><li class="item-162"><a href="/images/stories/leaflet/aa_leaflet.pdf" target="_blank" >A&A leaflet (PDF)</a></li><li class="item-530"><a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/images/stories/librarians/EDP-AA-S2O.pdf" target="_blank" >A&A S2O leaflet (PDF)</a></li><li class="item-197"><a href="/about-aa/masthead" >Masthead</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-424 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Browse articles</span> <ul><li class="item-427"><a href="/component/issues/?task=all" >All volumes</a></li><li class="item-429"><a href="/component/list/?task=topic" >Special issues</a></li><li class="item-432"><a href="/component/forthcoming/" >Forthcoming</a></li><li class="item-435"><a href="/highlights" >Highlights</a></li><li class="item-221"><a href="/2024-press-releases" >Press releases</a></li><li class="item-533"><a href="/component/issues/?task=images" >Featured images</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-396 deeper parent"><a href="/for-authors" >For authors</a><ul><li class="item-161 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Author information</span> <ul><li class="item-186"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/paper-organization" >Paper organization</a></li><li class="item-232"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/news-from-the-editorial-office" >News from the Editorial Office</a></li><li class="item-192"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/page-charges" >Page charges</a></li><li class="item-173"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/acceptance-stage" >Acceptance stage</a></li><li class="item-159"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/production-stage" >Production stage</a></li><li class="item-233"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/copyright" >Copyright</a></li><li class="item-231"><a href="/for-authors/author-information/open-access" >Open Access</a></li><li class="item-196"><a href="/doc_journal/instructions/aadoc.pdf" target="_blank" >Author's guide (PDF)</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-189 deeper parent"><span class="separator">Language editing</span> <ul><li class="item-502"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/1-introduction" >1. Introduction</a></li><li class="item-472"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/2-main-guidelines" >2. Main guidelines for A&A style</a></li><li class="item-475"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/3-general-structure" >3. General structure</a></li><li class="item-478"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/4-uk-versus-us-spelling-and-grammar" >4. UK versus US spelling and grammar</a></li><li class="item-481"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/5-punctuation-and-style-concerns-regarding-equations-figures-tables-and-footnotes" >5. Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes</a></li><li class="item-484"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/6-verb-tenses" >6. Verb tenses</a></li><li class="item-487"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/7-general-hyphenation-guide" >7. General hyphenation guide</a></li><li class="item-490"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/8-common-editing-issues" >8. Common editing issues</a></li><li class="item-493"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/9-measurements-and-their-descriptions" >9. Measurements and their descriptions</a></li><li class="item-496"><a href="/for-authors/language-editing/10-suggested-resources-for-more-tips-on-language-editing-in-the-sciences" >10. Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences</a></li><li class="item-499"><a href="/images/stories/author/EnglishGuide-2021.pdf" target="_blank" >Full Guide (PDF file)</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-178 deeper parent"><span class="separator">LaTeX issues</span> <ul><li class="item-370"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/texnical-background-information" >TeXnical background information </a></li><li class="item-369"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-preamble-of-your-tex-file" >The preamble of your TEX file</a></li><li class="item-371"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-manuscript-header" >The manuscript header</a></li><li class="item-391"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/including-author-names-using-non-roman-alphabets" >Including author names using non-Roman alphabets</a></li><li class="item-372"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/the-main-text" >The main text</a></li><li class="item-373"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/figures" >Figures</a></li><li class="item-374"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/tables" >Tables</a></li><li class="item-375"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/multi-media" >Multimedia </a></li><li class="item-376"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/references" >References </a></li><li class="item-377"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/typography" >Typography</a></li><li class="item-378"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/appendices" >Appendices </a></li><li class="item-380"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/astronomical-objects-linking-to-databases" >Astronomical objects: linking to databases </a></li><li class="item-381"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/latex-examples" >LaTeX examples</a></li><li class="item-466"><a href="/for-authors/latex-issues/information-files" >Information files</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-456"><a href="https://writingstudio.aws.edpsciences.org/login" target="_blank" >Writing studio</a></li><li class="item-459"><a href="/for-authors/submit-an-article" >Submit an article</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-440"><a href="/component/journal_price/" >Subscriber information</a></li><li class="item-514"><a href="/subscribe-to-open-faqs" >Subscribe to Open (S2O) FAQs</a></li><li class="item-437"><a href="/component/services/" >Reader's services</a></li><li class="item-127"><a href="/news" >News</a></li></ul> </nav> <div id="system-message-container"> </div> <div class="flexme flexme-article"> <div class="article-content"> <div> <div class="special_article green">Free Access</div> </div> <div class="summary " > <table> <tr> <th valign="top"> Issue </th> <td width="10"></td> <td> <div> A&A </div> <div><strong>Volume </strong>450, Number <strong>2</strong>, May I 2006 </div> </td> <tr><td colspan="3" ></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" class="sep_issue"></td></tr> </tr> <tr> <th> Page(s) </th> <td></td> <td>681 - 693</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Section</th> <td></td> <td>Stellar structure and evolution</td> </tr> <tr> <th>DOI</th> <td></td> <td> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427"> https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427 </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Published online</th> <td></td> <td> 10 April 2006 </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="article"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"> <div id="contenu-min"> <div id="head">A&A 450, 681-693 (2006)<h2 class="title">Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries </h2> <div class="article-authors"><p class="bold"><span id="aa4427-05-author-1" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427&n=1" class="author">A. Tokovinin</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa4427-05-author-2" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427&n=2" class="author">S. Thomas</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa4427-05-author-3" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427&n=3" class="author">M. Sterzik</span><sup>2</sup> and <span id="aa4427-05-author-4" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427&n=4" class="author">S. Udry</span><sup>3</sup></p></div> <p class="aff"> <sup>1</sup> Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile e-mail: atokovinin@ctio.noao.edu <br> <sup>2</sup> European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile e-mail: msterzik@eso.org <br> <sup>3</sup> Observatoire de Genève, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland e-mail: Stephane.Udry@obs.unige.ch <br></p> <p class="history"><span class="bold">Received: </span> 27 October 2005 <br><span class="bold">Accepted: </span> 29 December 2005 </p> <p class="bold"><a name="abs"></a>Abstract</p> <p>We have surveyed a sample of 165 solar-type spectroscopic binaries (SB) with periods from 1 to 30 days for higher-order multiplicity. A subsample of 62 targets were observed with the NACO adaptive optics system and 13 new physical tertiary companions were detected. An additional 12 new wide companions (5 still tentative) were found using the 2MASS all-sky survey. The binaries belong to 161 stellar systems; of these 64 are triple, 11 quadruple and 7 quintuple. After correction for incompleteness, the fraction of SBs with additional companions is found to be 63% <i>±</i> 5%. We find that this fraction is a strong function of the SB period <i>P</i>, reaching 96% for <span class="img-inline ressouce-equation ressouce-equation-inline" data-latex="$P<3^{\rm d}$"><span class="ressouce-equation-container"><span class="img img-block"><img src="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05_tex_eq1.png" id="img_eq1" alt="$P<3^{\rm d}$"></span></span></span> and dropping to 34% for <span class="img-inline ressouce-equation ressouce-equation-inline" data-latex="$P>12^{\rm d}$"><span class="ressouce-equation-container"><span class="img img-block"><img src="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05_tex_eq2.png" id="img_eq2" alt="$P>12^{\rm d}$"></span></span></span>. Period distributions of SBs with and without tertiaries are significantly different, but their mass ratio distributions are identical. The statistical data on the multiplicity of close SBs presented in this paper indicates that the periods and mass ratios of SBs were established very early, but the periods of SB systems with triples were further shortened by angular momentum exchange with companions. </p> <div class="kword"><p><span class="bold">Key words: </span>stars: binaries: visual / stars: binaries: spectroscopic / stars: formation</p></div> </div> <p><i>© ESO, 2006</i></p> </div> </div> <div id="metrics-tabs" data-doi="10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" data-edps_ref="aa4427-05"> <nav class="toolbar"> <button class="toolbar-item" id="metrics-siq">Current usage metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="info">About article metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="return">Return to article</button> </nav> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-siq"> </div> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-alm"></div> <div class="panel" data-for="info"> <p>Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.</p> <p>Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.</p> <div class="msg msg-info"> <span class="ico ico-info"></span> <div> <p>Initial download of the metrics may take a while.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/templates/source/js/metrics-tab.js"></script> </div> <nav class="article"> <div class="module_title"> <a href="/">Homepage</a> </div> <div class="nav-section"><div class="title_toc"> <ul class="menu browse"> <li class="item-452"><a class=" link-volumes" href="/component/issues/?task=all" >All volumes</a></li><li class="item-453"><a href="/component/list/?task=topic" >Special issues</a></li><li class="item-451"><a class=" link-forth" href="/component/forthcoming/" >Forthcoming articles</a></li><li class="item-448"><a class=" link-pr" href="/2022-press-releases" >Press releases</a></li></ul> <a href="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/contents/contents.html">Table of Contents</a></div></div> <div class="nav-section files"> <h2>Article contents</h2><div class="article_doc"><ul><li><a href="/articles/aa/abs/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html" title="Abstract" class="current">Abstract</a></li><li><a href="/articles/aa/full/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html" title="Full HTML">Full HTML</a></li><li><a href="/articles/aa/pdf/2006/17/aa4427-05.pdf" title="PDF (422 KB)">PDF (422 KB)</a></li><li><a href="/articles/aa/ref/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05.html" title="References">References</a></li><li><a href="/articles/aa/full/2006/17/aa4427-05/aa4427-05_online.html" title="Online Material">Online Material</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="nav-section databases"> <h2>Database links</h2><div class="article_doc"><ul><li><a href="http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/450/681" title="Tables available from the Strasbourg astronomical Data Center (CDS)" class="related-database-link" target="_blank">Tables at CDS</a></li><li><a href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbo.pl?bibcode=2006A%26A...450..681T" title="Data on astronomical objects available from the Strasbourg astronomical Data Center (CDS)" class="related-database-link" target="_blank">Simbad Objects</a></li><li><a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2006A%26A...450..681T" title="Article abstracts available on the Astrophysics Data System" class="related-database-link" target="_blank">NASA ADS Abstract Service</a></li><li><a href="https://telbib.eso.org/detail.php?bibcode=2006A%26A...450..681T" title="ESO data available from the ESO Telescope Bibliography (telbib)" class="related-database-link" target="_blank">ESO data at telbib</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="nav-section stats"><h2>Metrics</h2><script type='text/javascript' src='https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js'></script><ul><li><a id="show-metrics">Show article metrics</a></li><li class="altmetrics"><div class='altmetric-embed' data-doi="10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" data-hide-no-mentions="true"></div></li></ul> </div> <div class="nav-section servs"><h2>Services</h2><ul><li><strong>Articles citing this article</strong><br /><div style="margin-left:8px"><a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/citedby/?task=crossref&doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427">CrossRef (358)</a></div></li><li><strong>Same authors</strong><br /><div style="margin-left:8px">- <a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/solr/?task=authors&tool=google&dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" target="_blank">Google Scholar</a></div><div style="margin-left:8px">- <a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/solr/?task=authors&tool=ads&dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" target="_blank">NASA ADS</a></div><div style="margin-left:8px">- <a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/solr/?task=authors&dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" target="_blank">EDP Sciences database</a></div></li><div class="separator"></div><li><a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/recommend/?type=article&dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427">Recommend this article</a></li><li><a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/kindle/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" title="Send this article to my Kindle">Send to my Kindle</a></li><li><a href="https://www.aanda.org/component/makeref/?task=show&type=html&doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427">Download citation</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="nav-section related"> <h2>Related Articles</h2> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function ($) { $(document).ready(function() { $('.nav-toggle').click(function() { var collapse_content_selector = $(this).attr('href'); var toggle_switch = $(this); $(collapse_content_selector).toggle(function() { if ($(this).css('display') == 'none') { toggle_switch.html('More'); } else { toggle_switch.html('Less'); } }); }); }); }); </script> <div class="articles"> <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2005/17/aa2302/aa2302.html" class="title">HD 34700 is a T Tauri multiple system</a> <br /> A&A 434, 671-676 (2005)<br /> <div class="separator"></div> <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2019/06/aa35346-19/aa35346-19.html" class="title">Spectroscopic orbits of nearby stars</a> <br /> A&A 626, A31 (2019)<br /> <div class="separator"></div> <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2002/04/aa2013/aa2013.html" class="title">Statistics of spectroscopic sub-systems in visual multiple stars</a> <br /> A&A 382, 118-123 (2002)<br /> <div class="separator"></div> </div> <div id="searchmlt" class="articles" style="display:none"> <div class="separator"></div> <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/10/aa46806-23/aa46806-23.html" class="title">Multiples among B stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association</a> <br /> A&A 678, A93 (2023)<br /> <div class="separator"></div> <a href="https://aas.aanda.org/articles/aas/abs/1999/16/ds1676/ds1676.html" class="title">U B V absolute CCD photometry and differential astrometry of a sample of visual double stars with A-type primaries</a> <br /> Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 139, 69-74 (1999)<br /> <div class="separator"></div> </div> </ul> <button href="#searchmlt" class="nav-toggle">More</button> </div> <div class="nav-section bookmark"> <h2>Bookmarking</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" onclick="return fbs_click('https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427', 'Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries');" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/bookmarking/Facebook/Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries']);"> <span class="ico ico-s ico-facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries.%20https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427%20via%20@AandA_journal" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="none" target="_blank" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/bookmarking/Twitter/Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries']);"> <span class="ico ico-s ico-twitter"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a title="Share on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/bookmarking/LinkedIn/Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries']);"> <span class="ico ico-s ico-linkedin"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a title="Share on Sina Weibo" href="https://service.weibo.com/share/share.php?title=Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries&url=https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" target="_blank" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/bookmarking/Weibo/Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries']);"> <span class="ico ico-s ico-sinaweibo"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a title="Add this article to your Mendeley library" href="https://www.mendeley.com/import/?doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054427" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackPageview', '/bookmarking/Mendeley/Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries']);"> <span class="ico ico-s ico-mendeley"></span> <svg class="share-icon-svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Mendeley</title> <path class="share-icon-svg-mendeley" d="M0 0h32v32H0z"/> <path class="share-icon-svg" d="M25.9 19.14a2.85 2.85 0 0 1 .1.86 2.64 2.64 0 0 1-.2.8 1.82 1.82 0 0 1-.42.67 2.1 2.1 0 0 1-.64.42 1.65 1.65 0 0 1-1.65-.2 2 2 0 0 1-.88-1.53 2.57 2.57 0 0 1 0-.6 3.24 3.24 0 0 1 .15-.57 3.17 3.17 0 0 0 .14-.37 1.42 1.42 0 0 0 .07-.4 1.58 1.58 0 0 0-.1-.7 1.52 1.52 0 0 0-.4-.53 1.67 1.67 0 0 0-.36-.28 2.94 2.94 0 0 0-.4-.2 3.58 3.58 0 0 0-2.44 0l-.34.18a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.3.2 1.42 1.42 0 0 0-.47.68 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 .83 1.22 1.22 0 0 0 .16.44 2.18 2.18 0 0 1 .2 1.47 2.07 2.07 0 0 1-.77 1.25 1.62 1.62 0 0 1-.56.3 2.48 2.48 0 0 1-.62.13h-.48a1.54 1.54 0 0 1-.48-.12 2.2 2.2 0 0 1-.84-.64 2.17 2.17 0 0 1-.42-1 1.7 1.7 0 0 1 0-.7 2.58 2.58 0 0 1 .22-.66 1.8 1.8 0 0 0 .18-.56 1.56 1.56 0 0 0 0-.6 1.15 1.15 0 0 0-.15-.37 1.68 1.68 0 0 0-.32-.33 2.4 2.4 0 0 0-.42-.3 1.8 1.8 0 0 0-.46-.2 3.8 3.8 0 0 0-1.28-.18 3.3 3.3 0 0 0-1.26.32.84.84 0 0 0-.22.12l-.24.16a1.54 1.54 0 0 0-.53.73 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 .93 1.47 1.47 0 0 0 .06.23 1.84 1.84 0 0 0 .1.24 2.33 2.33 0 0 1 .17.9 2.55 2.55 0 0 1-.2.94 1.94 1.94 0 0 1-.74.85 1.7 1.7 0 0 1-1 .26 1.57 1.57 0 0 1-.7-.2 2.45 2.45 0 0 1-.6-.48 1.6 1.6 0 0 1-.33-.56 2.94 2.94 0 0 1-.23-.62 3 3 0 0 1 0-.55 2.06 2.06 0 0 1 .1-.54 1.2 1.2 0 0 1 .12-.35 1.37 1.37 0 0 1 .22-.28l.3-.28a2 2 0 0 1 .36-.22 1.82 1.82 0 0 1 .4-.15 1.4 1.4 0 0 1 .44 0 1.27 1.27 0 0 0 .35 0 1.17 1.17 0 0 0 .32-.1.94.94 0 0 0 .38-.28 1.06 1.06 0 0 0 .2-.4 1.3 1.3 0 0 0 .14-.42 3.4 3.4 0 0 0 0-.44v-.24q0-.37-.06-.73t-.1-.7a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.08.12.12 0 0 1 0-.08 2.6 2.6 0 0 1-.18-.9 4.14 4.14 0 0 1 0-.63 4.26 4.26 0 0 1 .1-.63 3.45 3.45 0 0 1 .8-1.35 2.83 2.83 0 0 1 1.3-.74 2.57 2.57 0 0 1 1.7.12 2.9 2.9 0 0 1 1.35 1.15l.12.18.14.18.33.3.32.34a1 1 0 0 0 .27.22 1.2 1.2 0 0 0 .33.13 1.17 1.17 0 0 0 .5 0 1.15 1.15 0 0 0 .46-.22l.23-.2.2-.23.27-.3.26-.3v-.14a3.08 3.08 0 0 1 .88-.92 2.7 2.7 0 0 1 3.2.13A2.93 2.93 0 0 1 23 12.63a4.53 4.53 0 0 1 0 .9 3.67 3.67 0 0 1-.17.86 1.9 1.9 0 0 0-.06.28v.28a5.7 5.7 0 0 0-.08.66 5.8 5.8 0 0 0 0 .66 1.65 1.65 0 0 0 0 .24v.24a1.3 1.3 0 0 0 .33.66 1.13 1.13 0 0 0 .63.3h.38a1.88 1.88 0 0 1 1.07.27 1.66 1.66 0 0 1 .8 1.17zM16 17.68a1.73 1.73 0 0 0 1.44-.68 2.25 2.25 0 0 0 .56-1.43 2.18 2.18 0 0 0-.6-1.5 1.83 1.83 0 0 0-1.4-.63 1.8 1.8 0 0 0-1.4.63 2.16 2.16 0 0 0-.56 1.5A2.3 2.3 0 0 0 14.6 17a1.7 1.7 0 0 0 1.4.68z"/> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-section account"> <ul> <li> <a href="/component/services/"><span class="ico ico-account"></span> Reader's services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/component/services/?label=toc_email"><span class="ico ico-alert"></span> Email-alert</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="footer-journal"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="footer-infos"> <h3>Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)</h3> <div class="flexme flexme3"> <div class="c13"> <p> Editor-in-Chief: T. Forveille<br /> Letters Editor-in-Chief: J. Alves<br /> Managing Editor: D. Elbaz <br /> </p> </div> <div class="c13"> <p>ISSN: 0004-6361 ; e-ISSN: 1432-0746<br /> Frequency: 12 volumes per year<br /> Published by: EDP Sciences<br /> </p> </div> <div class="c13"> <p> © The European Southern Observatory (<a target="_blank" href="http://www.eso.org/">ESO</a>) </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-social"> <ul class="ico-social"> <li><a class="twitter" title="Follow us on twitter" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/AandA_journal"></a></li> <li><a class="facebook" title="Follow us on Facebook" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/Astronomy-Astrophysics-192738067986000/"></a></li>   <li><a class="rss" title="Acc茅der aux flux RSS" href="/component/rsslist/?task=journal"></a></li> <li><a class="alert" title="Alerte courriel" href="/component/services/?label=toc_email"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> <div class="footer-edp"> <div class="wrap"> <a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/" target="_blank" title="EDP Sciences website"><img src="/templates/source/images/logos/logo_edp_fff.svg" alt="EDP Sciences"></a> <ul class="menu"> <li class="item-175"><a href="/mentions-legales" >Mentions l茅gales</a></li><li class="item-174"><a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/en/contact-us/contact-form?subject=Astronomy%20%26%20Astrophysics&contactid=5" >Contacts</a></li><li class="item-442"><a href="https://www.edpsciences.org/en/privacy-policy" target="_blank" >Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="footer-ptf"> <div class="wrap"> <div class="position-footer-ptf"></div> <div class="link-vfp"><a href="https://www.vision4press.org" target="_blank">A Vision4Press website</a></div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script src="/templates/source/js/mmenu2/dist/js/jquery.mmenu.all.min.js"></script> <script src="/templates/template1/js/script.js"></script> <span class="translations" data-name="separator_and" data-value="and"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="select_all" data-value="Select all"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="unselect_all" data-value="Unselect all"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="show_short_summary" data-value="Show short summary"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="hide_short_summary" data-value="Hide short summary"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="cookie_text" data-value="By using this website, you agree that EDP Sciences may store web audience measurement cookies and, on some pages, cookies from social networks. <a href='/component/cookie_policy/'>More information and setup</a>"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="cookie_close" data-value="Click to close this notification"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="cookie_close_btn" data-value="OK"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="loading" data-value="Loading author..."></span> <span class="translations" data-name="view_fullscreen" data-value="Click to view fullscreen"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="hide_fullscreen" data-value="Click anywhere to hide the fullscreen overlay"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="play_movie" data-value="Click to play the movie"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="cookie_is_mobile" data-value=""></span> <span class="translations" data-name="add_to_cart" data-value="Add to cart"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="remove_from_cart" data-value="Remove from cart"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="loading_cart" data-value="Loading..."></span> <span class="translations" data-name="empty_cart" data-value="Your cart is empty"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="terms_agreeement" data-value="You must agree the Purchase Agreement Terms and Conditions."></span> <span class="translations" data-name="makeref_url" data-value="/component/makeref/?task=show&type=html&doi="></span> <span class="translations" data-name="set_cart_article_status_url" data-value="/component/services/?task=set_cart_article_status"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="get_shopping_cart_url" data-value="/component/services/?task=get_shopping_cart_list"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="clear_shopping_cart_url" data-value="/component/services/?task=clear_shopping_cart"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="get_billing_url" data-value="/component/services/?label=ppv&task=get_billing"></span> <span class="translations" data-name="authors_url" data-value="/component/article/?task=get_authors"></span> <span id="google_analytics" data-host="ovh-france" data-domain="www.aanda.org" data-t1="UA-39520934-1" data-t2="UA-5187131-2" class="hidden"></span> <div id="wait" style="display:none"></div> <script src="/templates/source/js/cookie.js"></script> <script src="/templates/source/js/common.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Tertiary companions to close spectroscopic binaries | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)