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He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1995.<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=May 17, 2011}}</ref> He has published three books, ''Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of The New Gilded Age'' (Princeton, 2008), ''Campaign Reform: Insights and Evidence'', edited with Lynn Vavreck (University of Michigan Press, 2000), and ''Presidential Primaries and The Dynamics of Public Choice'' (Princeton, 1988). According to his official biography,</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Bartels received his B.A. in political science with distinction from [[Yale College]] in 1978, his M.A. in political science, also from Yale, in 1978, and his Ph.D. in political science from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1983. He was elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1995.<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=May 17, 2011}}</ref> He has published three books, ''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of The New Gilded Age<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>'' (Princeton, 2008), ''Campaign Reform: Insights and Evidence'', edited with Lynn Vavreck (University of Michigan Press, 2000), and ''Presidential Primaries and The Dynamics of Public Choice'' (Princeton, 1988). According to his official biography,</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div><blockquote>His first book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice (Princeton University Press, 1988), received the American Political Science Association's Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award for the year's best book on government, politics, or international affairs. He has also received the APSA's Franklin L. Burdette and E. E. Schattschneider Awards and the Best Paper Award from the Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting Behavior Section (three times), as well as major grants and fellowships from the Carnegie Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.</blockquote></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div><blockquote>His first book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice (Princeton University Press, 1988), received the American Political Science Association's Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award for the year's best book on government, politics, or international affairs. He has also received the APSA's Franklin L. Burdette and E. E. Schattschneider Awards and the Best Paper Award from the Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting Behavior Section (three times), as well as major grants and fellowships from the Carnegie Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.</blockquote></div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 11:31, 2 February 2022</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American political scientist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Larry Bartels</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg/220px-Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg/330px-Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg/440px-Larry_M._Bartels_speaking_at_the_Munk_School_at_U_of_T_-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-05-16</span>) </span>May 16, 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 68)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>)</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>)</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a>)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Larry Martin Bartels</b> (born May 16, 1956)<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political scientist</a> and the Co-Director of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and Shayne Chair in Public Policy and Social Science at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a>. Prior to his appointment at Vanderbilt, Bartels served as the <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stokes" title="Donald E. Stokes">Donald E. Stokes</a> Professor of Public Policy and International Relations and founding director of the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at the <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School_of_Public_and_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs">Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. He was elected a Member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <p>Bartels received his B.A. in political science with distinction from <a href="/wiki/Yale_College" title="Yale College">Yale College</a> in 1978, his M.A. in political science, also from Yale, in 1978, and his Ph.D. in political science from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> in 1983. He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has published three books, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unequal_Democracy:_The_Political_Economy_of_The_New_Gilded_Age&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of The New Gilded Age (page does not exist)">Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of The New Gilded Age</a></i> (Princeton, 2008), <i>Campaign Reform: Insights and Evidence</i>, edited with Lynn Vavreck (University of Michigan Press, 2000), and <i>Presidential Primaries and The Dynamics of Public Choice</i> (Princeton, 1988). According to his official biography, </p> <blockquote><p>His first book, Presidential Primaries and the Dynamics of Public Choice (Princeton University Press, 1988), received the American Political Science Association's Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award for the year's best book on government, politics, or international affairs. He has also received the APSA's Franklin L. Burdette and E. E. Schattschneider Awards and the Best Paper Award from the Elections, Public Opinion, and Voting Behavior Section (three times), as well as major grants and fellowships from the Carnegie Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Pew Charitable Trusts, the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Social Science Research Council. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.</p></blockquote> <p>His rebuttal to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Frank" title="Thomas Frank">Thomas Frank</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/What%27s_the_Matter_with_Kansas%3F_(book)" title="What's the Matter with Kansas? (book)">What's the Matter with Kansas?</a></i>, entitled <i>What's the matter with What's the matter with Kansas</i> was published in the <i>Quarterly Journal of Political Science</i> in 2006. While Frank asserts that the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> has been able to lure <a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">working class</a> voters away from the <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, which better represents their economic interests, with value issues, such as <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>, Bartels points out that the working class, despite being socially more conservative, is still overwhelmingly Democratic, more so than in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-Krugman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krugman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his empirical analysis, Bartels finds that both college graduates and working-class people are mostly Democratic, the former having become more Democratic over the past years. He attributes the gain made by Republicans to the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a>, with middle and high income whites from Southern states standing out as having become more Republican.<sup id="cite_ref-Bartels_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartels-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_Income_Votes.SVG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Senate_Income_Votes.SVG/200px-Senate_Income_Votes.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Senate_Income_Votes.SVG/300px-Senate_Income_Votes.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Senate_Income_Votes.SVG/400px-Senate_Income_Votes.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Bartels studied the voting patterns of the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate">US Senate</a> and correlated it with the responsiveness to the opinions of different amounts of <a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">Income in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In his 2008 book, <i>Unequal Democracy: The political economy of the new gilded age</i>, Bartels demonstrates that income inequality expanded under Republican presidential administrations and narrowed under Democratic presidential administrations since the early 1970s, when <a href="/wiki/Great_Divergence_(inequality)" title="Great Divergence (inequality)">income inequality first started to expand</a>. Under Republican presidents, rich families saw substantial net gains in their income, while poorer families saw negligible gains, producing a significant net increase in income inequality. By contrast, under Democratic presidents, poor families did slightly better than rich families proportionally, lessening income inequality. </p><p>However, all income brackets, from the bottom 20% to the top 5% of the population, saw significantly greater increases in income under Democratic presidents than under Republican presidents. In other words, had Democratic presidents been in office since the 1970s, income inequality may have lessened since the 1950s instead of growing into what Bartels calls "The New Gilded Age" of the early 21st century. Bartels's findings led him to conclude that "economic inequality is, in substantial part, a political phenomenon."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li>Achen, Christopher H.; Bartels, Larry M. (2016). <i>Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691169446.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBartels2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bartels, Larry M. (March 2006). "What's the matter with "<i>What's the Matter with Kansas?</i>"". <i><a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="Quarterly Journal of Political Science">Quarterly Journal of Political Science</a></i>. <b>1</b> (2). Now Publishing Inc.: 201–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1561%2F100.00000010">10.1561/100.00000010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+matter+with+%22What%27s+the+Matter+with+Kansas%3F%22&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-226&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1561%2F100.00000010&rft.aulast=Bartels&rft.aufirst=Larry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Bartels" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Continuity and Crisis: Popular Reactions to the Great Recession</i> (ed. with <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Bermeo" title="Nancy Bermeo">Nancy Bermeo</a>, 2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780-2010%3A+Chapter+B&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Bartels" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krugman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krugman_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman, Paul</a> (2007). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Liberal" title="The Conscience of a Liberal">The Conscience of a Liberal</a></i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bartels-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bartels_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartels, L. M. (2008). <i>Unequal democracy: The political economy of the new gilded age</i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on Larry Bartels's study <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/~bartels/economic.pdf">Economic Inequality and Political Representation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091537/http://www.princeton.edu/~bartels/economic.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, Table 1: Differential Responsiveness of Senators to Constituency Opinion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aVtfu6ITpi4C">Unequal democracy: The political economy of the new gilded age</a></i>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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