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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Toxoplasmosis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 52 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmose" title="Toksoplasmose – Tiếng Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toksoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="داء المقوسات – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داء المقوسات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplazmoz" title="Toksoplazmoz – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toksoplazmoz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmosis" title="Toksoplasmosis – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Toksoplasmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmosis" title="Toksoplasmosis – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Toksoplasmosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Таксаплазмоз – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Таксаплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Токсоплазмоза – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Токсоплазмоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosi" title="Toxoplasmosi – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Toxoplasmosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplazm%C3%B3za" title="Toxoplazmóza – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Toxoplazmóza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%93%DE%AE%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AF%DE%95%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%92%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AF%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ޓޮކްސޯޕްލާޒްމޯސިސް – Tiếng Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޓޮކްސޯޕްލާޒްމޯސިސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmoos" title="Toksoplasmoos – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toksoplasmoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Τοξοπλάσμωση – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τοξοπλάσμωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Toxoplasmosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bài viết tốt"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toxoplasmosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmozo" title="Toksoplasmozo – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Toksoplasmozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosi" title="Toxoplasmosi – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Toxoplasmosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2" title="توکسوپلاسموز – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توکسوپلاسموز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocsaplasm%C3%B3is" title="Tocsaplasmóis – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tocsaplasmóis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A1%EC%86%8C%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%A6%9D" title="톡소플라스마증 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="톡소플라스마증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Տոքսոպլազմոզ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոքսոպլազմոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplazmoza" title="Toksoplazmoza – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Toksoplazmoza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogfrymlas%C3%B3tt" title="Bogfrymlasótt – Tiếng Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bogfrymlasótt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosi" title="Toxoplasmosi – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Toxoplasmosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A1" title="טוקסופלזמוזיס – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוקסופלזמוזיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplazm%C3%B3zis" title="Toxoplazmózis – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toxoplazmózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9E%E7%97%87" title="トキソプラズマ症 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トキソプラズマ症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmose" title="Toksoplasmose – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Toksoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D" title="ଟକ୍‌ସୋପ୍ଲାଜମୋସିସ୍ – Tiếng Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟକ୍‌ସୋପ୍ଲାଜମୋସିସ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F" title="ជំងឺតុកស៊ីប្លាស្មូស៊ីស – Tiếng Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជំងឺតុកស៊ីប្លាស្មូស៊ីស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplazmoza" title="Toksoplazmoza – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Toksoplazmoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmose" title="Toxoplasmose – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Toxoplasmose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmoz%C4%83" title="Toxoplasmoză – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Toxoplasmoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis – Tiếng Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Toxoplasmosis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplazm%C3%B3za" title="Toxoplazmóza – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Toxoplazmóza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%86%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="تاکسۆپلاسمۆسیس – Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاکسۆپلاسمۆسیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kurd Miền Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Токсоплазмоза – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Токсоплазмоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksoplasmoosi" title="Toksoplasmoosi – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toksoplasmoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoplasmos" title="Toxoplasmos – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Toxoplasmos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="டாக்சோபிளாஸ்மோசிஸ் – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டாக்சோபிளாஸ்மோசிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Токсоплазмоз – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Токсоплазмоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E8%9F%B2%E7%97%87" title="弓蟲症 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弓蟲症" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q154878#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Xem bài viết [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bài viết</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:Toxoplasmosis" rel="discussion" title="Thảo luận về trang này [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Thảo luận</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Thay đổi biến thể ngôn ngữ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tiếng Việt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis"><span>Đọc</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoplasmosis&veaction=edit" title="Sửa đổi trang này [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sửa đổi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoplasmosis&action=edit" title="Sửa đổi mã nguồn của trang này [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sửa mã nguồn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Công cụ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Thêm tùy chọn" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tác vụ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_%C4%91%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%C3%A2y/Toxoplasmosis" title="Các trang liên kết đến đây [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Các liên kết đến đây</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Thay_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_li%C3%AAn_quan/Toxoplasmosis" rel="nofollow" title="Thay đổi gần đây của các trang liên kết đến đây [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Thay đổi liên quan</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Trang_%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t" title="Một danh sách chứa tất cả trang đặc biệt [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Trang đặc biệt</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoplasmosis&oldid=69892157" title="Liên kết thường trực đến phiên bản này của trang"><span>Liên kết thường trực</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:12px;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.1em;font-size:135%;font-weight:bold;color:black;background:#ccc">Toxoplasmosis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Toxoplasma_gondii_tachy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Toxoplasma_gondii_tachy.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><i>T. gondii</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachyzoite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tachyzoite (trang không tồn tại)">tachyzoites</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Khoa/Ngành</th><td>Bệnh truyền nhiễm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Triệu chứng</th><td>Thường thì không, trong <a href="/wiki/Mang_thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang thai">mang thai</a> (dị tật bẩm sinh)<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nguyên nhân</th><td><i><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasma_gondii" title="Toxoplasma gondii">Toxoplasma gondii</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Yếu tố nguy cơ</th><td>Ăn thức ăn chưa chín, tiếp xúc với phân mèo bị nhiễm bệnh<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Phương pháp chẩn đoán</th><td>Xét nghiệm máu, xét nghiệm <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_n%C3%B4n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nước nôn (trang không tồn tại)">nước nôn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2013Diag_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2013Diag-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Điều trị</th><td>Trong khi mang thai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiramycin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiramycin (trang không tồn tại)">spiramycin</a> hoặc <a href="/wiki/Pyrimethamine" title="Pyrimethamine">pyrimethamine</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sulfadiazine" title="Sulfadiazine">sulfadiazine</a> và <a href="/wiki/Axit_folinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Axit folinic">axit folinic</a><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2014Tx_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2014Tx-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Dịch tễ</th><td>Có tới 50% số người, 200.000 trường hợp nhiễm Toxoplasmosis bẩm sinh mỗi năm<sup id="cite_ref-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Global_threat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_threat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Toxoplasmosis</b> là một bệnh ký sinh trùng do <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasma_gondii" title="Toxoplasma gondii">Toxoplasma gondii</a> gây ra.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nhiễm trùng toxoplasmosis thường không gây ra triệu chứng rõ ràng ở người lớn.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter2012_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thỉnh thoảng có thể có trường hợp triệu chứng của bệnh như cúm nhẹ, đau cơ và hạch bạch huyết xuất hiện trong một vài tuần hoặc vài tháng.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trong một số ít người, vấn đề về <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%AFt" title="Mắt">mắt</a> có thể phát triển.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ở những người có hệ miễn dịch yếu, các triệu chứng nghiêm trọng như co giật và phối hợp kém có thể xảy ra.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nếu bị nhiễm trong khi mang thai, một tình trạng được gọi là nhiễm toxoplasma bẩm sinh có thể ảnh hưởng đến đứa trẻ.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toxoplasmosis thường lây lan bằng cách ăn thức ăn kém nấu chín có chứa u nang, tiếp xúc với phân <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8o" title="Mèo">mèo</a> bị nhiễm bệnh, và từ mẹ sang con khi mang thai nếu người mẹ bị nhiễm bệnh.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiếm khi bệnh có thể lây nhiễm do <a href="/wiki/Truy%E1%BB%81n_m%C3%A1u" title="Truyền máu">truyền máu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nó không lây lan giữa người khác.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ký sinh trùng này chỉ được biết là sinh sản hữu tính trong họ mèo.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Bio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Bio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuy nhiên, nó có thể lây nhiễm hầu hết các loại động vật máu nóng, kể cả <a href="/wiki/Con_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Con người">con người</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Bio_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Bio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chẩn đoán thường bằng cách xét nghiệm máu cho kháng thể hoặc bằng cách thử nghiệm <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%E1%BB%8Bch_n%C3%B4n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dịch nôn (trang không tồn tại)">dịch nôn</a> cho <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> của ký sinh trùng.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2013Diag_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2013Diag-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Một nửa dân số thế giới bị nhiễm toxoplasmosis nhưng không có triệu chứng.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_threat_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_threat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tại Hoa Kỳ, có khoảng 23% bị ảnh hưởng <sup id="cite_ref-JonesPariseFiore2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesPariseFiore2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> và ở một số khu vực trên thế giới, tỉ lệ mắc bệnh này lên đến 95%.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khoảng 200.000 trường hợp mắc bệnh toxoplasma bẩm sinh xảy ra mỗi năm.<sup id="cite_ref-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Charles Nicolle</a> và <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Manceaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Manceaux (trang không tồn tại)">Louis Manceaux</a> lần đầu tiên mô tả sinh vật này vào năm 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson_2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Năm 1941, sự lây truyền trong khi mang thai từ mẹ sang con được xác nhận.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson_2009_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson_2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoplasmosis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxoplasmosis&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015Sym-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Sym_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67233549">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/disease.html">“Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) Disease”</a>. ngày 10 tháng 7 năm 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822052351/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/disease.html">Lưu trữ</a> bản gốc ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parasites+%E2%80%93+Toxoplasmosis+%28Toxoplasma+infection%29+Disease&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Ftoxoplasmosis%2Fdisease.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter2012-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2012_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter2012_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFHunterSibley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hunter, CA; Sibley, LD (tháng 11 năm 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3689224">“Modulation of innate immunity by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> virulence effectors”</a>. <i>Nature Reviews Microbiology</i>. <b>10</b> (11): 766–78. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrmicro2858">10.1038/nrmicro2858</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3689224">3689224</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23070557">23070557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+innate+immunity+by+Toxoplasma+gondii+virulence+effectors&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=766-78&rft.date=2012-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3689224%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23070557&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrmicro2858&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Sibley%2C+LD&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3689224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015Epi-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Epi_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/epi.html">“Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) Epidemiology & Risk Factors”</a>. ngày 26 tháng 3 năm 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150823023754/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/epi.html">Lưu trữ</a> bản gốc ngày 23 tháng 8 năm 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parasites+%E2%80%93+Toxoplasmosis+%28Toxoplasma+infection%29+Epidemiology+%26+Risk+Factors&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Ftoxoplasmosis%2Fepi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2013Diag-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2013Diag_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2013Diag_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html">“Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) Diagnosis”</a>. ngày 10 tháng 1 năm 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822100916/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html">Lưu trữ</a> bản gốc ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 8 năm 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parasites+%E2%80%93+Toxoplasmosis+%28Toxoplasma+infection%29+Resources+for+Health+Professionals&rft.date=2014-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Ftoxoplasmosis%2Fhealth_professionals%2Findex.html%23tx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TorgersonMastroiacovo2013_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFTorgersonMastroiacovo2013" class="citation journal cs1">Torgerson, Paul R; Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699792">“The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review”</a>. <i>Bulletin of the World Health Organization</i>. <b>91</b> (7): 501–508. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.12.111732">10.2471/BLT.12.111732</a>. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A3_s%E1%BB%91_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_cho_xu%E1%BA%A5t_b%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_nhi%E1%BB%81u_k%E1%BB%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mã số tiêu chuẩn quốc tế cho xuất bản phẩm nhiều kỳ">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0042-9686">0042-9686</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699792">3699792</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23825877">23825877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=The+global+burden+of+congenital+toxoplasmosis%3A+a+systematic+review&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=501-508&rft.date=2013&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3699792%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0042-9686&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23825877&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2471%2FBLT.12.111732&rft.aulast=Torgerson&rft.aufirst=Paul+R&rft.au=Mastroiacovo%2C+Pierpaolo&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3699792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_threat-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_threat_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_threat_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite id="CITEREFFlegrPrandotaSovičkováIsraili2014" class="citation journal cs1">Flegr J, Prandota J, Sovičková M, Israili ZH (tháng 3 năm 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963851">“Toxoplasmosis—a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries”</a>. <i>PLoS ONE</i>. <b>9</b> (3): e90203. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0090203">10.1371/journal.pone.0090203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (định danh)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Truy cập mở"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963851">3963851</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24662942">24662942</a>. <q>Toxoplasmosis is becoming a global health hazard as it infects 30–50% of the world human population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Toxoplasmosis%E2%80%94a+global+threat.+Correlation+of+latent+toxoplasmosis+with+specific+disease+burden+in+a+set+of+88+countries&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e90203&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3963851%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24662942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0090203&rft.aulast=Flegr&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Prandota%2C+J&rft.au=Sovi%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1%2C+M&rft.au=Israili%2C+ZH&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3963851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AToxoplasmosis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2015Bio-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Bio_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2015Bio_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67233549"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/biology.html">“Parasites – Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) Biology”</a>. ngày 17 tháng 3 năm 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150828061023/http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/biology.html">Lưu trữ</a> bản gốc ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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