UV and Ozone

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field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2022_PHOTO_COMP_Skyline_Hookcropped.jpg?h=034a5371&itok=5geu_pYl" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> NIWA can help you leverage updated climate projections </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Service</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">29 August 2024</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA is using updated climate projections to help New Zealanders better understand climate-related risks.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content 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Our science prevents property damage and saves lives.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/hazards"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-a5c723dd0e2795f937f0d234f2c079a773a4b83f6c66fe56821e066a3fbf9d3c"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-5ccdc3a293df19114d38f1aae701f78c28deaeb426b8f99b73cc7270ba853f87"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-db4767d00002aff2986310cc483db6542bd22a4e56302b077944fbaf6a914d22"> <div class="topic-tag"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards" hreflang="en">Coastal hazards</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-55ae8ae411af44202cc2acf8799c0cbde7cb2a1c0fd1435b8b5a0e1840f0b0d0"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-d0a6444e99ea7907d376fa0e26e961dc22e05b051be04a8a6faad31ef9ea6ce1"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/hazards/weather-hazards" hreflang="en">Weather hazards</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/hazards/geological-hazards" hreflang="en">Geological hazards</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/hazards?pt=10">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/future-coasts-aotearoa">Future Coasts Aotearoa</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/identifying-rip-currents-using-artificial-intelligence">Identifying rip currents using AI</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/riskscape-software">Riskscape software</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/ma-te-haumaru-o-nga-puna-wai-o-rakaihautu-ka-ora-mo-ake-tonu">Mā te haumaru ō te wai: Aotearoa flood resilience</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/research-projects/responding-to-and-preparing-for-extreme-weather-events">Responding to and preparing for extreme weather events</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/forecasting-weather-systems">Forecasting weather systems</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/tsunami-generated-underwater-volcanoes">Tsunami generated by underwater volcanoes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/weather-hazards/river-flow-forecasting">River flow forecasting</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/our-services?subtree%5Btopic%5D=198">Tools & services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards/extreme-coastal-flood-maps-aotearoa-new-zealand">Extreme coastal flood maps for Aotearoa New Zealand</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/tides/storm-tide-red-alert-days-2025">Storm-tide red-alert days 2025</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/tide-forecaster">Tide forecaster</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/sea-level-rise">Sea-level rise</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://shiny.niwa.co.nz/drought-forecast/">Drought dashboard</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/serious-games-tool-engage-people">Serious games as a tool to engage people</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/news/tonga-eruption-confirmed-largest-ever-recorded">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2022_10_3D_MODEL_HTHH_parsonskingDSC00900-web.jpg?h=f3f0a9e5&itok=gsi2rTI3" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Tonga eruption confirmed as largest ever recorded </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Media release</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">21 November 2022</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A New Zealand-led team has completed the fullest investigation to date into January’s eruption of the underwater Tongan volcano.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-b96edb5a58e3d303dbeb9337b05ebdacab8f5aed4f1c06805738c4cffb9c9905"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-901f9661527ad81b3b73aeb3669843752f734d342966200875f268501f6297ee"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/coasts-and-oceans" title="NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/6203">Coasts & Oceans</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Coasts & Oceans</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">NIWA aims to provide the knowledge needed for the sound environmental management of our marine resources.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/coasts-and-oceans"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-5efe01d2b222ad59e352049114d9ea77654a01683c7477f9b78c77e101b6d475"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-b55f2323084e12ffbe5418ecd7ba8fe8c099e3ddea72fcc1b850f16884a56d91"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-7cb8c317987b90fcb65626ebd3997dd88db2cc1edd415fd78caabe75d01a33ac"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-5c66783df657f1c37c0ede1764bd3d6e423af617cdb1617149a6d453e8a71bc1"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-7259d88231a20bb3a6fbdd294044d148cbda1333d4437354e97d67d18ded4a17"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/fisheries" hreflang="en">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/aquaculture" hreflang="en">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/oceans" hreflang="en">Oceans</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/coasts" hreflang="en">Coasts</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/coasts/estuaries" hreflang="en">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/antarctica" hreflang="en">Antarctica</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/research">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/antarctica?pt=10#filters">Antarctica</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture?pt=10#filters">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts?pt=10#filters">Coasts </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/research?subtree%5Btopic%5D=6145&subtree%5Bsubtopic%5D=158&created=All">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries?pt=10#filters">Fisheries </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans?pt=10#filters">Oceans</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/our-services">Tools & Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture?pt=13#filters">Aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts?pt=13#filters">Coasts</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/our-services?subtree%5Btopic%5D=6145&subtree%5Bsubtopic%5D=158">Estuaries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries?pt=13#filters">Fisheries</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/oceans?pt=13#filters">Oceans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/vessels/niwa-vessels">NIWA Vessels</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/coasts-and-oceans?pt=27">Frequently visited</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/aquaculture/yellowtail-kingfish">Kingfish aquaculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/future-coasts-aotearoa">Future Coasts Aotearoa</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/marine-biosecurity">Marine biosecurity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries/ross-sea-toothfish-fishery">The Ross Sea toothfish fishery</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fisheries/recreational-fishing">Recreational Fishing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/marine-identification-guides-and-fact-sheets">Marine identification guides</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/voyages">Voyages</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/edna-research-and-services">eDNA research and services</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/vessels/voyages/ross-sea-voyage-2025">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/inline-images/grab_sample_25_01_2025_gert_0.jpg?h=4521fff0&itok=er7lnYBA" width="614" height="409" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Ross Sea “ACTUATE” Voyage - TAN2502 </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">RV Tangaroa voyage to the Ross Sea, the ship’s 16th voyage to Antarctica and Southern Ocean.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-c2c64d41bcfb685e714825679f8331c6c9a7ed6643e5385ddfbc703313034c69"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-c30030efb5f5ec591d303f2a510d2a596a3369930c1aadb44db095735bbbee88"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/freshwater" title="We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including water quantity and quality." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114353">Freshwater</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Freshwater</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">We provide public information on river, lake, and groundwater conditions across New Zealand including water quantity and quality.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/freshwater"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-2214ba66fc87e672055b93534f4d112d845d30408e0a750c6d7ee949ceeb36a1"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-0c6e5a58332b08d9e275fbcd389b2f8ebaf412d30d7f5c6ba252de06d2d8cc30"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-1eaa898db00fd694f581acc50f6c5d64573074aa7e6b83ab669da7be1d3643d6"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-9692cc2de0d48090789346e028a2e5e1232b880a27d9eec42c884e821f580be7"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-fdd08918723b23a4cbfe05ee66be4477301c5fa71325ee6e2cfba495a4253b71"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/ecological-monitoring" hreflang="en">Ecological monitoring</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/ecotoxicology" hreflang="en">Ecotoxicology</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-fish" hreflang="en">Freshwater fish</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-invertebrates" hreflang="en">Freshwater invertebrates</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-quality" hreflang="en">Freshwater quality</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-restoration" hreflang="en">Freshwater restoration</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=10">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/stopping-gold-clam-its-now-or-never">Stopping the gold clam: it's now or never</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/rototurf-aquatic-plant-life-rafts-degraded-lakes">Roto Turf: Aquatic plant ‘life rafts’ in degraded lakes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems">Freshwater mitigation systems</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/fish-passage">Fish Passage</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/high-frequency-water-quality-monitoring-guidance">High Frequency Water Quality Monitoring Guidance</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/bio-acoustic-fish-fence">Bio-Acoustic Fish Fence</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/research-projects/snow-and-ice-network">Snow and Ice Network</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=13">Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/niwa-water-quality-laboratory">NIWA Water Quality Laboratory</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/algal-monitoring-service">Algal monitoring service</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/ecotoxicology-services">Ecotoxicology services</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-aquatic-plants">Freshwater aquatic plants</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/lakespi-keeping-tabs-lake-health">LakeSPI: Keeping tabs on lake health</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/water-quality-modelling">Water quality modelling</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater?pt=13">Tools & Resources</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-databases-online">Freshwater databases online</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/fish-passage-home/new-zealand-fish-passage-guidelines">Fish Passage Guidelines</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/fish-passage/guidelines-monitoring-fish-passage-success">Guidelines for monitoring fish passage success</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/environmental-information/nz-freshwater-fish-database/nz-freshwater-fish-database-help">Freshwater Fish database</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-pest-species">Freshwater pest species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems/riparian-buffers/riparian-buffer-design-guide">Riparian Buffer Design Guide</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems/constructed-wetlands/constructed-wetland-guidelines">Constructed wetland guidelines</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/stream-health-monitoring-and-assessment-kit-shmak">Stream Health Monitoring and Assessment Kit (SHMAK)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/freshwater/freshwater-programme-overview">Programmes</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/freshwater-species-ecology-and-management">Freshwater species ecology and management</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/Hydrological-observations-and-predictions">Hydrological observations and predictions</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/environmental-flows">Environmental flows</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/programme-overview/causes-and-effects-of-water-quality-degradation">Causes and effects of water quality degradation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater-biosecurity">Freshwater biosecurity</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/freshwater/freshwater-mitigation-systems">Freshwater mitigation systems</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/freshwater/stopping-gold-clam-its-now-or-never">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2024-10/Gold_clam_bannerMiddle.png?h=000c6485&itok=hZMVsY0Z" width="614" height="409" alt="Gold_clam_bannerMiddle.png" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Stopping the gold clam: it's now or never </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A NIWA-led programme to develop effective, and culturally-attuned strategies for managing the freshwater gold clam. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-9d310228c1979b506b002bfa10be2a23807ec3802420ccf915ca4258644f0fe3"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-5006429e12b684ae0055fb8f90a96da30ee5524ed4de9f54008710a0fbbcf51b"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori" title="Working together with hapū, iwi, Māori communities and Māori business to deliver tailored science." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114354">Te Kūwaha</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Te Kūwaha</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Working together with hapū, iwi, Māori communities and Māori business to deliver tailored science.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-ccbc0d0feecf72c105b1672dbbf3fb99d72170af9dac4a41f58ffc3c2a797fc7"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-df90ce467529b801af3103c62da7b66b3c9c4cfc5ee3104a55f741b3e73f60df"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-085d2d422da3d99d47496452a8fb50f1f7d68f4319bc155358edf46a47564b2a"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-62d92f7eb9a3711c8f3dd4020affbf31635c5715caadc71f3512cebd97467ff1"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-53af7d4b2b6c9d69d03452b84e64867657811fc10c77ea517d44b654ceb30c25"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/taonga-species" hreflang="en">Taonga species</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/te-kuwaha-and-maori?pt=10#filters">Research</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/research-projects/cultural-keystone-species-co-management-and-restoration-of-our-freshwater-taonga-species">Cultural Keystone Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/research-projects/maniapoto-cultural-assessment-framework">Maniapoto Cultural Assessment Framework</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-k%C5%ABwaha/research-projects/the-impact-of-non-native-marine-pests-on-our-takutai-moana">The impact of non-native marine pests on our takutai moana</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-k%C5%ABwaha/research-projects/ng%C4%81-repo-o-maniapoto-maniapoto-wetland-inventory">Ngā repo o Maniapoto - Maniapoto wetland inventory</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/te-kuwaha-and-maori?pt=13#filters">Tools & Resources</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taonga-species">Taonga Species Series</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/ccva">Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/kaitiaki-tools">Kaitiaki Tools</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/te-kuwaha/tools-and-resources/trends-analysis-for-selected-indicators-of-waikato-river-health-and-wellbeing-2010-2019">Trends analysis for selected indicators of Waikato River health</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate/information-and-resources/climate-and-m%C4%81ori-society">Climate and Māori society</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/te-kuwaha-and-maori/te-kuwaha-graduate-programme">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2023-01/koru.jpg?h=c74750f6&itok=zxI9Rh7E" width="614" height="409" alt="Koru" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Te Kūwaha Graduate Programme </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">19 January 2023</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA’s Te Kūwaha Graduate Internship programme has been established to help support and create tangible pathways for the next generation of Māori researchers. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-0c322b7f8454cb89b1b1be1e61665e98374d27fdce0bb7660f59443c0df89380"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-fe6932eb018d16bf03bfa1477d2e7f712c99b0c8116896801621b5e965dd8f3a"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="site__header__menu__item--primary"> <a href="/pacific" title="We provide applied science and environmental consultancy services to support international development. NIWA works collaboratively with Pacific partners to support the sustainable management and resilience of natural resources, environments & communities." class="site__header__menu__link--primary" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/222">Pacific</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentmain view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">Pacific</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">We provide applied science and environmental consultancy services to support international development. NIWA works collaboratively with Pacific partners to support the sustainable management and resilience of natural resources, environments & communities.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/pacific"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-1fe6289e2a97b3cf391c17880e9d8fac77e74aa5b99d55389a1b7355a463970d"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-topics view-id-menu_item_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-6f3d914503e6cfa8daa0f249e48a32fef788b61ffd243ca5682566e7ee5c48f4"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-children-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-topic-children view-id-topic_children view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-05893e1185e5c15f62abc20ccedbfd9b0450bfc6c263caaaf47ab8231039d214"> <div class="topic-tag"><a href="/pacific/pacific-freshwater" hreflang="en">Pacific freshwater</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-86bb2ded9dda0db101061310bda46c160ba31696b45b5eed5314bd4715d84e81"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-topics view-id-menu_item_related_topics view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-29de5e82d2a9a730a9af9416a5219c19db7f7549058539eb174abb9969556a8d"> <div class="views-row"><div class="taxonomy-term taxonomy-term--type-topic taxonomy-term--view-mode-topic-related-tags ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-climate" hreflang="en">Pacific climate</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-fisheries-and-aquaculture" hreflang="en">Pacific fisheries and aquaculture</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-hazards" hreflang="en">Pacific hazards</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-hydrography" hreflang="en">Pacific hydrography</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-marine-biosecurity" hreflang="en">Pacific marine biosecurity</a></div> <div class="topic-tag topic-tag--related"><a href="/pacific/pacific-ocean-science" hreflang="en">Pacific ocean science</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific/pacific-partnerships">Partnerships</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/752874b7f122451a8dff87a068f4402f">A Floating University for the Pacific</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/coasts/seabed-2030/seabed-2030">Pacific Centre for Seabed 2030</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://gem.spc.int/updates/blog/2021/09/new-ocean-acidification-training-hub-launched-to-tackle-growing-threat">Pacific Ocean Acidification Training Hub</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific?pt=10#filters">Research Projects</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific-rim/research-projects/pacific-risk-tool-for-resilience-phase-2-partner-2">Pacific Risk Tool for Resilience, Phase 2 (PARTneR-2)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/improved-sustainability-demersal-line-fishery-tonga">Improved sustainability of the demersal line fishery in Tonga</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific-rim/research-projects/development-of-sustainable-water-supply-and-treatment-systems-for-a-coastal-fijian-village">Development of sustainable water supply and treatment systems</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/pacific?pt=13#filters">Tools & Services</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/island-climate-update">Island Climate Update</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/hazards/coastal-hazards/partner-pacific-risk-tool-resilience">Riskscape</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/climate-data-environment-services-client-clidesc">Climate Data for the Environment Services Client (CliDESc)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.vmgd.gov.vu/climate/climate-maps">Climatology maps for Vanuatu</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/pacific/pacific-freshwater/site-household-sanitation-guidelines-fiji">On-Site Household Sanitation Guidelines for Fiji</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-promoted-page field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="card card--mega-menu"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/climate-and-weather/island-climate-update">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card_mega_menu/public/2023-09/2022_09_TONGATAPU_parsonskingDSC08863.jpg?h=82f92a78&itok=5PQVHxgt" width="614" height="409" alt="Coconut palms against the night sky in Tongatapu" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Island Climate Update </h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-page-type field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item">Publication series</div> <div class="field field--name-node-post-date field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item">06 June 2017</div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">A monthly summary of the climate in the tropical South Pacific islands, with an outlook for the coming months.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_1 js-view-dom-id-53f2fe5ef16df3c5f02901b1088b2fbc24e66112f1e57b32fdfac9bce2eb5984"> <div class="view view-eva view-menu-item-related-content view-id-menu_item_related_content view-display-id-entity_view_2 js-view-dom-id-0b20f5eda7800886e9304d3eefc900a634ea385f52f9b6edf304ea6f5f7a88d9"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-niwa-secondarymenublock-menu" id="block-niwa-secondarymenublock"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-niwa-secondarymenublock-menu">Secondary menu</h2> <ul class="site__header__menu__list--secondary"> <li data-disable-flyout="0" class="site__header__menu__item--secondary"> <a href="/about-niwa" title="Decision makers at all levels are seeking evidence-based analysis and advice from environmental experts. NIWA’s science provides high quality insights to underpin important decisions, and innovative solutions." class="site__header__menu__link--secondary" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/114355">About</a> <div class="menu_link_content menu-link-contentsecondary-menu view-mode-default menu-dropdown menu-dropdown-0 menu-type-default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div> <div class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h1 class="menu-link-content__heading">About</h1> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-description field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="menu-link-content__description">Decision makers at all levels are seeking evidence-based analysis and advice from environmental experts. NIWA’s science provides high quality insights to underpin important decisions, and innovative solutions.</div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item menu-link-content__section-link"> <a href="/about-niwa"> Explore all </a> </div> </div> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-secondary-grouped-links field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-grouped-links-utility paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <h2><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/about-niwa/our-people">Our people</a></h2> <div class="field field--name-field-links field--type-link field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-board">Our board</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/about-niwa/our-people/our-management/executive-team">Executive team</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a 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11.4-42.9 11.4-132.3 11.4-132.3s0-89.4-11.4-132.3zm-317.5 213.5V175.2l142.7 81.2-142.7 81.2z"></path> </svg> </div> </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main class="site__main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="site__main__content"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-niwa-content"> <header class="page__title-banner--with"> <div class="page__title-banner__promotion-image"> <div class='page__title-banner__promotion-image' style='background-image: url(https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/styles/banner/public/2023-10/DSC_0395.jpg?h=6260a25f&itok=KgXN1Cax)'></div> </div> <div class="page__title-banner-wrapper"> <div class="page__title-banner__text-box"> <div class="page__title"> <h1 class="page__title__text"> UV and Ozone </h1> </div> <div class="page__summary"> <p class="page__summary__text">This is the home for NIWA's UV and ozone research, including maps and graphs showing daily predictions and measurements for UV levels across New Zealand.</p> </div> <nav class="page__title-banner__icon-menu"> <a href="/atmosphere" class="field-group-link icon-menu__button" title="Atmosphere" hreflang="en"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 640 512"> <path d="M512 479.8V480H144C64.47 480 0 415.5 0 336C0 273.3 40.07 219.1 96 200.2V200C96 107.2 171.2 32 264 32C314.9 32 360.4 54.6 391.3 90.31C406.2 83.68 422.6 80 440 80C506.3 80 560 133.7 560 200C560 206.6 559.5 213 558.5 219.3C606.5 240.3 640 288.3 640 344C640 416.4 583.4 475.6 512 479.8zM378.2 148.7L354.9 121.7C332.8 96.08 300.3 80 264 80C197.7 80 144 133.7 144 199.1L144 234.1L111.1 245.4C74.64 258.7 48 294.3 48 336C48 389 90.98 432 144 432H506.6L509.2 431.8C555.4 429.2 592 390.8 592 344C592 308 570.4 276.9 539.2 263.3L505.1 248.4L511.1 211.7C511.7 207.9 512 204 512 200C512 160.2 479.8 128 440 128C429.5 128 419.6 130.2 410.8 134.2L378.2 148.7zM144 199.1C144 199.1 144 199.1 144 199.1V199.1z"></path> </svg> </a> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="page__title-banner__breadcrumb"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--mobile-hidden"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__item"> <a href="/atmosphere">Atmosphere</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__item breadcrumb__item--mobile-hidden"> UV and Ozone </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="node node--type-page node--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="body-content"> <div class="body-content__main"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="wp-block-columns"> <div class="wp-block-column" style="flex-basis:66.66%"> <p>This information is provided by NIWA free of charge and can be used only for personal use. Repackaging and on-selling in any form is prohibited.</p> <h2>What is the UV Index (UVI)?</h2> <p>The UV index (UVI) is a standard measurement of erythemal (sun-burn causing) UV intensity that gives a more objective measure than the old “time to burn” (which cannot account for skin tone). The scale is open-ended, but a UVI of greater than 10 is extreme and a UVI of less than 3 is low. For clear skies, the UVI depends mainly on the sun elevation angle and the ozone amount.</p> <p>The UVI also depends on cloud cover, sun-earth separation, altitude, pollution, and surface reflections (e.g., snow cover). The highest values in the world occur in the tropics at high altitudes, where the UVI can exceed 25. The geographical and seasonal variation in peak UVI for New Zealand can be viewed below. In the NZ winter, the UVI rarely exceeds 3. Because of differences in ozone, sun-earth separation and pollution, the peak UVI in NZ is approximately 40% greater than at comparable latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.</p> <p><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/import/attachments/Web_plots.pdf">Geographical and seasonal variation in peak UVI - NZ</a> (PDF 16KB)</p> <h2>Measured UVI at specific New Zealand sites</h2> <p>View graphs showing <a href="/node/80913">today's predicted and measured UVI at several sites in New Zealand</a>. The measurements, which are from UV monitors maintained by NIWA, are updated at 15 minute intervals. The model predictions include forecast cloud effects.</p> <p>View graphs with <a href="/node/80916">yesterday's UVI values</a>.</p> <p>See the "Data availability" section further down this page for various UVI, ozone, UV radiation, and total radiation data sources.</p> </div> <div class="wp-block-column" style="flex-basis:33.33%"> <p><strong>Click link below to go to service</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-buttons"> <div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link" href="/node/80912">See all our UV forecasts</a></div> </div> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="/static/uv-data/uvi_lauder/lauder_uvi.png" alt="Today's UV index plot with Hour on the x-axis and UV index on the Y axis."/></figure> <figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="/static/uv-data/uvi_lauder/curr_uvi.gif" alt="Today's UV index at Lauder. Higher the level, the greater risk of skin damage."/><figcaption>UVI at Lauder</figcaption></figure> <p><strong>Service type: </strong>Graphics / Interpretation / Visualisation</p> </div> </div> <h2>Today's UVI forecasts</h2> <p>Maps showing forecast UVI and ozone for the whole of New Zealand for noon (12:00 NZST, 0:00 UTC) can be found at the links below. The forecasts are modelled using available satellite ozone data.</p> <figure class="wp-block-table is-style-regular"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><tbody><tr><td>Yesterday</td><td><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/static/uv-data/uvi_Maps/uvicskyp00.jpg"><br>UV Index Clear Sky</a></td><td><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/static/uv-data/uvi_Maps/uviozonp00.jpg">Ozone</a></td></tr><tr><td>Today</td><td><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/static/uv-data/uvi_Maps/uvicskyp24.jpg">UV Index Clear Sky</a></td><td><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/static/uv-data/uvi_Maps/uviozonp24.jpg"><br>Ozone</a></td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p><a href="https://niwa.co.nz/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uvi-forecast-specific-sites">View graphs showing UVI forecasts for specific sites in New Zealand and the South Pacific region</a>.</p> <p>When the UVI is low (less than 3), the World Health Organization recommends that no protection is required and short exposures to sunlight will be beneficial for vitamin D production. At all other times some protection to avoid sunburn is recommended. The "UV Sun Protection Alert Period" is defined as the period when the clear sky forecast is greater than UVI = 3, a level at which damage to fair skin can occur in less than 1 hour. However, a <a href="https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/McKenzieLucas_FlawedAdvice_Scientific_Reports_2018.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">recent publication</a> showed that even when the UVI is less than 2, damage to fair skin can occur for exposure periods less than 2 hours.  When the UVI = 12, damage to fair skin can occur in less than 15 minutes. For darker Polynesian skin types the safe exposure periods can be doubled. Further details on UV and health are provided by the Health Promotion Agency's <a href="http://sunsmart.org.nz/">Sunsmart</a> and the <a href="https://www.sunsmart.org.nz/sunsmart-schools/">Cancer Society's Sunsmart Schools</a>.</p> <h2>UVI data for developers</h2> <p><a href="https://developer.niwa.co.nz/docs/uv-api/latest/overview">NIWA's API for UVI (ultraviolet index) forecasts</a> allows developers access to a time series of UVI forecasts as well as various UV data charts and images.</p> <h2><strong>Smartphone apps</strong></h2> <p>UVNZ and uv2Day <em>(uv2Day is the predecessor to UVNZ)</em> are smartphone apps that provide UVI forecasts for selectable locations within New Zealand, Australia, the South Pacific region, and Antarctica. </p> <p>The GlobalUV app provides estimates of current UVI for any location throughout the globe.</p> <p>See further details about these <a href="/node/111461">current and forecast UVI web apps</a>.</p> <p><em>Note: these apps are not NIWA products.</em></p> <h2>Lauder Ozone</h2> <p>A graph of daily ozone measurements at Lauder over this year compared with past years (climatological variability). Ozone column amounts are measured in Dobson Units (DU), where 1 DU = 2.69 x 10<sup>16</sup> molecule/cm<sup>2</sup>. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default"><img src="https://niwa.co.nz/static/uv-data/ozone/ozone_lauder.png" alt=""/></figure> <h2>Data availability</h2> <ul><li>Ozone, cloud transmission, total radiation and various biological weightings of UV radiation can be extracted for approximately 100 sites in the New Zealand region using the <a href="/node/80993">NIWA UV Atlas</a>.</li><li>Erythemally-weighted UV irradiances (UV Index values) from Lauder and several other sites in the New Zealand region can be extracted from the <a href="https://cliflo.niwa.co.nz/">NIWA Climate database</a>. Select Datatype/Daily and Hourly Observations/Sunshine and Radiation/UV radiation to access historical 10-minute mean UVI values. These data are available from the same sites as plotted above for Yesterday's UVI, as specified in the site-selection menu. Download a detailed explanation of the <a href="https://niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/Calculation-of-UVI-for-Smartphone-Apps_V4.pdf">calculation of UVI for MED (Minimal Erythemal Dose)</a>. [PDF 800KB]</li><li>UV radiation data (and trace gas data) from Lauder compared with other global sites can be accessed from the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC).</li><li>Other radiation data, including aerosol optical depths from Lauder compared with other global sites can be accessed from the international <a href="http://bsrn.awi.de/">Baseline Surface Radiation Network</a>.</li><li>UV data from Lauder compared with other North American locations can be accessed from the US Department of Agriculture.  </li></ul> <h2>Assessments of ozone depletion and its effects</h2> <p>NIWA scientists contribute to regular international assessments of ozone depletion and its environmental impacts, as required under the terms of the <a href="http://ozone.unep.org/">Montreal Protocol on Protection of the Ozone Layer</a>. These assessments include responses, in simple layman's terms, to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).</p> <ul><li>Our understanding of the science of ozone depletion is assessed by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Scientific Assessment Panel.</li><li>The environmental impacts of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change are assessed by the <a href="https://ozone.unep.org/science/assessment/eeap">United Nations Environment Programme's Environmental Assessment Panel (UNEP EEAP).  </a></li></ul> <h3>Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018</h3> <p>NIWA contributes to the four-yearly global assessment of ozone depletion led by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).</p> <p>Read the <a href="https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/2018/downloads/2018OzoneAssessment.pdf">Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018 report (published in full February 2019).</a> [PDF 45MB]</p> <p>Measurements from NIWA’s atmospheric monitoring station at Lauder are the only Southern Hemisphere data available in several key parts of the report, underscoring Lauder’s position as the leading observatory of its kind in southern mid-latitudes.  </p> <p>The latest report shows that the ozone layer is continuing to recover. However, the leading ozone depleting substance, CFC-11, is declining more slowly than expected, due to continuing illegal emissions from East Asia.</p> <h2>NIWA UV Spectrometer Systems</h2> <p>NIWA has been engaged in an active UV Research Programme since the 1980s. The cornerstone of this work is the routine accurate measurement of the spectrum of surface UV irradiance to quantify UV climatologies, to understand the causes of UV variability (temporally and spatially), and to monitor long-term changes.</p> <p>Read more about <a href="/node/95920">NIWA's UV spectrometer systems</a>. </p> <h2>Personal UV Dosimeters</h2> <p>There is widespread public interest in the relationships between UV radiation and health. The effects of UV on health can be harmful—as in its effect on skin cancer rates, or beneficial – as in the case of its effect on vitamin D status. In the past, researchers have attempted to determine these relationships as functions of ambient UV radiation. However, the UV doses that humans are typically receive are less than 5% of that available UV.</p> <p><a href="/node/80972" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">More about personal UV dosimeters</a></p> <h2>Latest All-Sky Image at Lauder, New Zealand</h2> <p>The all-sky image shows a hemispheric view of the sky at Lauder. These images record the cloud cover at Lauder for use in the atmospheric radiation research. The images are updated every 10 minutes and an archive image is available for each of the last 24 hours.</p> <p>View Lauder <a href="/node/15086">all-sky image</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="body-content__sidebar"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-block-fieldnode-book-sidebar field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="book-blocks-toc"><div class='book-blocks-toc-book book--active-trail'><span class='book-blocks-toc-prefix'>Book: </span><a href='/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone'>UV and Ozone</a></div> <ul class="book-blocks-toc-list"> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uv-atlas" hreflang="en">UV Atlas</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uv-atlas/uv-atlas-registration-form" hreflang="en">UV Atlas Registration form</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/todays-uv-index" hreflang="en">Today's UV Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/yesterdays-uv-index" hreflang="en">Yesterday's UV Index</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uv-index-information" hreflang="en">UV Index Information</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uvi-forecast-specific-sites" hreflang="en">UVI forecast for Specific Sites</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/personal-uv-dosimeters" hreflang="en">Personal UV Dosimeters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/climate-and-weather/uv-and-ozone/uv-science-workshops" hreflang="en">UV Science Workshops</a> <ul> <li> <a href="/uv-and-ozone/uv-science-workshops/2018-uv-workshop" hreflang="en">2018 UV Workshop</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-science-workshops/2014-uv-workshop" hreflang="en">2014 UV Workshop</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uvi-lauder" hreflang="en">UVI at Lauder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/real-time-uv-index-displays" hreflang="en">Real-time UV Index displays</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/all-sky-images" hreflang="en">All-Sky images</a> </li> <li> <a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uvi-smartphone-apps" hreflang="en">UVI smartphone apps</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-block-fieldnode-book-pages field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="book-cards card-grid js-view-dom-id-33436d5659cb7d58d4c64c1bf752af9dfe52b918a88c692e7732af1bd2742b95"> <header> <div class="js-view-dom-id-2d8a78721618d25d6d6da3ce49e1b661109a2ea1f1f7b085cd1a4c667e8f64a3"> </div> </header> <div class="card-grid__wrapper"> <ul class="card-grid__list"> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uv-atlas">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/sites/default/files/images/0017/110555/Ph23_UV_sensors_1.jpg?h=0490fed1&itok=W9SzIXNp" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UV Atlas </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">More information about NIWA's UV Atlas</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/climate-data" hreflang="en">Climate data</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/todays-uv-index">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/uvi_today_leigh.png?h=95ed1527&itok=dAUphqm7" width="710" height="473" alt="UV Index at Leigh - 17 October 2023" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Today's UV Index </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Today's UV Index</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/yesterdays-uv-index">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/Yesterdays_leigh_uvi.png?h=f7c071ab&itok=taZ5-eh7" width="710" height="473" alt="UV Index at Leigh - 16 October 2023" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Yesterday's UV Index </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Plots of UV levels throughout the day at different locations.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uv-index-information">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/lauder_uv_index_DSC_5066_credit_dave_allen_NIWA.jpg?h=f79fa301&itok=1ak_BWJ4" width="710" height="473" alt="UV index signage at Lauder" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UV Index Information </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The UV Index is a measure of the intensity of UV radiation. The larger the number, the more intense the UV. In New Zealand, its maximum summer value is generally about 12, but it can exceed 13 in the far North. In winter it reaches peak values of 1 or 2. Values of 10 or more should be considered as "extreme". At high altitude tropical sites (eg Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii), the UV Index can exceed 20.The UV Index supersedes the idea of "Time to Burn" or "Burn Time", which has been used previously in New Zealand.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/uvi-forecast-specific-sites">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/2021_01_LAUDERDSC01633.jpg?h=0775493e&itok=tFIxbW50" width="710" height="473" alt="Lauder Atmospheric Research Station" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UVI forecast for Specific Sites </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Check out UV index forecasts for locations in New Zealand (including ski fields), Australia, the Pacific and Antarctica.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/climate-and-weather/weather-forecasting" hreflang="en">Weather forecasting</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uv-and-ozone/personal-uv-dosimeters">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2024-01/personal_dosimeter.jpg?h=84907816&itok=w-15CPfK" width="710" height="473" alt="Front and rear views of a Mark I dosimeter badge. [NIWA]" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Personal UV Dosimeters </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA has developed personal UV dosimeter badges to support studies relating UV exposure to human health.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/scientific-tools-data/calibration" hreflang="en">Calibration</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/climate-and-weather/uv-and-ozone/uv-science-workshops">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/images/teasers/kapiti_coast_sun.png?h=958b7b79&itok=XJ4FyUNG" width="710" height="473" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UV Science Workshops </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Find out more about our national UV workshops</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uvi-lauder">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/UV_measurement_Lauder.png?h=265e640d&itok=h7Pgfo0b" width="710" height="473" alt="UV measurement - Lauder" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UVI at Lauder </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">This information is provided as part of our UV Ozone service, which also includes ozone and UV maps for New Zealand, yesterday’s forecast and measured UV, UV Atlas software, and more. NIWA has also developed an instrument to measure UV levels and display the UV Index on an easy-to-read dial. This is intended for use at swimming pools, outdoor sports events, and so on. The measured UV Index can be affected by cloud cover at Lauder.</div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere" hreflang="en">Atmosphere</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/real-time-uv-index-displays">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/curr_uvi.gif?h=8b4c2c2c&itok=whQ3TK6j" width="710" height="473" alt="UVI at Lauder" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> Real-time UV Index displays </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIWA has developed a real time UV display in consultation with the Cancer Society and Sunsmart. </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/all-sky-images">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/uv8.jpg?h=b8eed071&itok=Dppjzt3j" width="710" height="473" alt="All-sky - Lauder" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> All-Sky images </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">The all-sky image shows a hemispheric view of the sky at Lauder.</div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="card"> <div class="field field--name-dynamic-token-fieldnode-link-to-source field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="card__link-to-source"><a class="card__link" href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone/uvi-smartphone-apps">Link to source page</a></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-promotion-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/2023-10/Weather%20app%20screen%20shots_home_UV.png?h=697dd717&itok=0mNUfgdC" width="710" height="473" alt="Weather app screenshots" /> </div> <div class="field field--name-node-title field--type-ds field--label-hidden field__item"><h2> UVI smartphone apps </h2> </div> <div class="card__datetype-wrapper"> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-description field--type-string-long field--label-hidden field__item">Several apps that provide forecasts of the UV index (UVI) are available for smartphones. </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/atmosphere/uv-and-ozone-1" hreflang="en">UV and ozone</a></div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site__main__related"> </div> </main> <footer class="site__footer"> <a href="#main-content" class="site__footer__back-to-top"><svg 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