CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>計算社會學 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"8b2be6b8-0c18-4c20-8ca1-8431b3ef7c4e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"計算社會學","wgTitle":"計算社會學","wgCurRevisionId":84154712,"wgRevisionId":84154712,"wgArticleId":1549154,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["社會學子領域","社會學方法論"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"計算社會學","wgRelevantArticleId":1549154,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":9000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q905036","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables", "ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1280"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="683"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="計算社會學 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-計算社會學 rootpage-計算社會學 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-系統理論與結構功能論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#系統理論與結構功能論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>系統理論與結構功能論</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-系統理論與結構功能論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鉅視模擬與微視模擬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鉅視模擬與微視模擬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>鉅視模擬與微視模擬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鉅視模擬與微視模擬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-細胞自動機與個體為本模型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#細胞自動機與個體為本模型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>細胞自動機與個體為本模型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-細胞自動機與個體為本模型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">計算社會學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。13种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="علم اجتماع حاسوبي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم اجتماع حاسوبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_sociology" title="Computational sociology – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computational sociology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolog%C3%ADa_inform%C3%A1tica" title="Sociología informática – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociología informática" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologie_informatique" title="Sociologie informatique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sociologie informatique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosiologi_komputasional" title="Sosiologi komputasional – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sosiologi komputasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologia_computazionale" title="Sociologia computazionale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sociologia computazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%B0%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%95%99" title="전산사회학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전산사회학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Тооцооллын социологи – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тооцооллын социологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рачунарска социологија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рачунарска социологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorunderst%C3%B6dd_sociologi" title="Datorunderstödd sociologi – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorunderstödd sociologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9Flemsel_sosyoloji" title="İşlemsel sosyoloji – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşlemsel sosyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Обчислювальна соціологія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обчислювальна соціологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="運算社會學 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="運算社會學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q905036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&oldid=84154712" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&id=84154712&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A8%2588%25E7%25AE%2597%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E6%259C%2583%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A8%2588%25E7%25AE%2597%25E7%25A4%25BE%25E6%259C%2583%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Computational_sociology" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q905036" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tripletsnew2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/220px-Tripletsnew2012.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/330px-Tripletsnew2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tripletsnew2012.png/440px-Tripletsnew2012.png 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption> 2012年美国大选节点网络</figcaption></figure><p><b>計算社會學</b>是社會學的一門分支，使用密集演算的方法來分析與模擬社會現象。<sup id="cite_ref-Blackwell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackwell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>計算社會學使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="計算機模擬">計算機模擬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="人工智慧">人工智慧</a>、複雜統計方法，以及像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="社会性网络">社會性網路</a>分析等新的途徑，由下而上地塑造社會互動的模型，來發展與測試複雜社會過程的理論。<sup id="cite_ref-MW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>它包含了對於社會行為者的理解，這些行為者之間的互動，以及這些互動對於社會整體的影響。<sup id="cite_ref-S4SS1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S4SS1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>雖然社會科學的主題與方法和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自然科學">自然科學</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>相異，當代對於社會的模擬所使用的許多方法仍舊起源於如<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="物理學">物理學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="人工智慧">人工智慧</a>等領域。<sup id="cite_ref-Artificial_Societies_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artificial_Societies-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooperation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooperation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而一些源自於社會科學的方法也被納入自然科學，例如在社會性網路分析與網路科學領域中，網路中心性的測量。 </p><p>在相關文獻中，計算社會學經常與社會複雜度的研究相關。<sup id="cite_ref-casti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-casti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>像是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="複雜系統">複雜系統</a>、鉅觀過程與微觀過程之間<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="非線性">非線性</a>的互連，與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%8F%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="突現">突現</a>等社會複雜度的概念也進入了計算社會學的辭彙。<sup id="cite_ref-goldSpink_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldSpink-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一個實際且廣為人知的例子是以「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬社會（页面不存在）">虛擬社會</a>（artificial society）」的形式建造一個演算模型，研究者可以藉此分析一個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會體系（页面不存在）">社會體系</a>的結構。<sup id="cite_ref-S4SS1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S4SS1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Generative_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Generative-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="系統理論與結構功能論"><span id=".E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E7.90.86.E8.AB.96.E8.88.87.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD.E8.AB.96"></span>系統理論與結構功能論</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：系統理論與結構功能論"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="系統科學">系統科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="結構功能主義">結構功能主義</a></div> <p>在戰後時期，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%B0%BC%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="萬尼瓦爾·布希">萬尼瓦爾·布希</a>的微分分析器、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·冯·诺伊曼">約翰·馮·諾伊曼</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="細胞自動機">細胞自動機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D" title="諾伯特·維納">諾伯特·維納</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%8E%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="模控學">模控學</a> 與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E8%BE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="克勞德·夏農">克勞德·夏農</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊理論">資訊理論</a>在技術系統中成為模擬與暸解複雜度具有影響力的典範。相對應地，在像是物理學、生物學、電子學，和經濟學等學門的科學家開始表述一種一般性的系統理論，其中所有自然與物理現象皆為一個系統中具有相同模式與性質的相關元素的展現。　　隨著<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BD%8C%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B6%82%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="艾彌爾·涂爾幹">艾彌爾·涂爾幹</a>以實事求是的方式分析複雜現代社會的呼聲<sup id="cite_ref-divLb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divLb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，戰後結構功能主義社會學家如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="塔爾科特·帕森斯">塔爾科特·帕森斯</a>利用這些構成元素之間系統化與階層化互動的理論，來嘗試生成宏大而統一的社會學理論，例如四種功能（<i>AGIL paradigm</i>）<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。　　如George Homans等社會學家辯稱社會理論應該被形式化（正規化）（<i>formalized</i>），成為命題和精確術語的階層結構，其他的命題與假設可以從中被推演出來並操作化以進行實証研究。由於電腦演算法與程式早在1956年就已用來測試和驗證數學定理，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%89%B2%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="四色定理">四色定理</a>，社會科學家與系統動力學家預期類似的計算取徑可以類比地「解決」與「證明」正規化的問題，和社會結構與動力的理論。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鉅視模擬與微視模擬"><span id=".E9.89.85.E8.A6.96.E6.A8.A1.E6.93.AC.E8.88.87.E5.BE.AE.E8.A6.96.E6.A8.A1.E6.93.AC"></span>鉅視模擬與微視模擬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：鉅視模擬與微視模擬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="系統動力學">系統動力學</a></div> <p>到了1960年代晚期與1970年代早期，社會科學家使用更為可得的電腦科技對組織、產業、城市，與全球人口進行控制與回饋過程的鉅視模擬。這些模型使用微分方程，將人口分布視為其他系統性因素（如存貨控管、都市交通、遷徙、疾病傳染等）的整體計算型函數（holistic functions）來進行預測。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%B1%E6%A8%82%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬俱樂部">羅馬俱樂部</a>根據對於全球經濟的模擬（simulation）而出版了預測全球環境浩劫的報告。儘管在這份報告發表後的1970年代中期，對社會體系的模擬因而得到了大量的關注，然而其煽動的結論顯示了模型的結果受到對於模型的參數所做的特定量化假設非常大的影響（highly sensitive）（在羅馬俱樂部的例子中，僅有少數的證據支持），亦暫時使得這初生的領域失去可信度。對於利用計算工具來預測巨觀的社會與經濟行為產生的懷疑漸增，因此社會科學家將其注意力轉向了微視模擬模型（microsimulation），藉由模擬個人層級個體的狀態漸進（aggregate）改變，而非人口層級的分布的改變，社會學家們作出了預測，也研究政策的效果<sup id="cite_ref-GuyOr_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuyOr-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，這些微視模擬模型並未允許個體進行互動或適應，其目的也非基本理論研究<sup id="cite_ref-MW_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="細胞自動機與個體為本模型"><span id=".E7.B4.B0.E8.83.9E.E8.87.AA.E5.8B.95.E6.A9.9F.E8.88.87.E5.80.8B.E9.AB.94.E7.82.BA.E6.9C.AC.E6.A8.A1.E5.9E.8B"></span>細胞自動機與個體為本模型</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：細胞自動機與個體為本模型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="細胞自動機">細胞自動機</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="个体为本模型">個體為本模型</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會科學">計算社會科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="計算經濟學">計算經濟學</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Blackwell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackwell_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bainbridge, William Sims. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sociologyencyclopedia.com/subscriber/tocnode?id=g9781405124331_chunk_g97814051243319_ss1-85">Computational Sociology</a>. Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Blackwell Reference Online. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fb.9781405124331.2007.x"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1111/b.9781405124331.2007.x</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Computational+Sociology&rft.aufirst=William+Sims&rft.aulast=Bainbridge&rft.btitle=Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=Blackwell+Reference+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sociologyencyclopedia.com%2Fsubscriber%2Ftocnode%3Fid%3Dg9781405124331_chunk_g97814051243319_ss1-85&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fb.9781405124331.2007.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MW_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MW_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Macy, Michael W.; Willer, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/3069238">From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling</a>. Annual Review of Sociology. 2002, <b>28</b>: 143–166 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.28.110601.141117"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141117</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419124608/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3069238">存档</a>于2021-04-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=From+Factors+to+Actors%3A+Computational+Sociology+and+Agent-Based+Modeling&rft.au=Willer%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft.aulast=Macy&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&rft.pages=143-166&rft.volume=28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3069238&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.28.110601.141117&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S4SS1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S4SS1_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S4SS1_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gilbert, Nigel; Troitzsch, Klaus. Simulation and social science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/">Simulation for Social Scientists</a> 2nd. 紐約，紐約洲: Open University Press. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614054452/http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/">存档</a>于2007-06-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Simulation+and+social+science&rft.au=Troitzsch%2C+Klaus&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.btitle=Simulation+for+Social+Scientists&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%8C%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%B4%B2&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcress.soc.surrey.ac.uk%2Fs4ss%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artificial_Societies-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Artificial_Societies_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Epstein, Joshua M.; Axtell, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/growingartificia00epst">Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up</a>. 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區: Brookings Institute Press. 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=Axtell%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Joshua+M.&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.btitle=Growing+Artificial+Societies%3A+Social+Science+from+the+Bottom+Up&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%80&rft.pub=Brookings+Institute+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrowingartificia00epst&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooperation-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooperation_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Axelrod, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/complexityofcoop0000axel">The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration</a>. 普林斯頓，紐澤西州: Princeton University Press. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.btitle=The+Complexity+of+Cooperation%3A+Agent-Based+Models+of+Competition+and+Collaboration&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%EF%BC%8C%E7%B4%90%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomplexityofcoop0000axel&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-casti-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-casti_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Casti, John L. The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems. Complexity. 1999, <b>4</b> (5): 12–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+Computer+as+Laboratory%3A+Toward+a+Theory+of+Complex+Adaptive+Systems&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft.aulast=Casti&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Complexity&rft.pages=12-14&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goldSpink-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goldSpink_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Goldspink, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/5/1/3.html">Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge</a> <b>5</b> (1). Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. January 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-05-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512062414/http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/5/1/3.html">存档</a>于2019-05-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Methodological+Implications+of+Complex+Systems+Approaches+to+Sociality%3A+Simulation+as+a+Foundation+for+Knowledge&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Goldspink&rft.date=2002-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.volume=5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk%2F5%2F1%2F3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Generative-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Generative_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Epstein, Joshua M. Generative Social Science: Studies in Agent-Based Computational Modeling. 普林斯頓，紐澤西州: Princeton University Press. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Joshua+M.&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.btitle=Generative+Social+Science%3A+Studies+in+Agent-Based+Computational+Modeling&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%EF%BC%8C%E7%B4%90%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divLb-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-divLb_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Durkheim, Emile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/divisionoflabori0000unse">The division of labor in society</a>. New York: Macmillan. 1933. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/318169307"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 318169307</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Emile&rft.aulast=Durkheim&rft.btitle=The+division+of+labor+in+society&rft.date=1933&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdivisionoflabori0000unse&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318169307&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bailey-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bailey, Kenneth D. Systems Theory. Turner, Jonathan H (编). Handbook of Sociological Theory. 紐約，紐約洲: Springer Science. 2006: 379–404. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0387324585" title="Special:网络书源/0387324585"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0387324585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Systems+Theory&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+D.&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Sociological+Theory&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0387324585&rft.pages=379-404&rft.place=%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%EF%BC%8C%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%B4%B2&rft.pub=Springer+Science&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuyOr-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GuyOr_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Orcutt, Guy H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-behavior-organization_1990-09_14_1/page/n12">From engineering to microsimulation : An autobiographical reflection</a>. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 1990, <b>14</b> (1): 5–27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0167-2681%2890%2990038-F"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/0167-2681(90)90038-F</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=From+engineering+to+microsimulation+%3A+An+autobiographical+reflection&rft.aufirst=Guy+H.&rft.aulast=Orcutt&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Behavior+%26+Organization&rft.pages=5-27&rft.volume=14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-economic-behavior-organization_1990-09_14_1%2Fpage%2Fn12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0167-2681%2890%2990038-F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=計算社會學&oldid=84154712">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=計算社會學&oldid=84154712</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%90%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" title="Category:社會學子領域">社會學子領域</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95%E8%AB%96" title="Category:社會學方法論">社會學方法論</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年9月9日 (星期一) 16:33。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zmfvg","wgBackendResponseTime":388,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.179","walltime":"0.220","ppvisitednodes":{"value":696,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":20879,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":351,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":17271,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 151.363 1 -total"," 72.18% 109.252 1 Template:Reflist"," 30.99% 46.903 1 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"," 25.76% 38.991 3 Template:Main"," 16.25% 24.596 6 Template:Cite_book"," 12.78% 19.337 4 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.084","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2916654,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-zmfvg","timestamp":"20241124093307","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u8a08\u7b97\u793e\u6703\u5b78","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q905036","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q905036","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-03-29T13:23:09Z","dateModified":"2024-09-09T16:33:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/Tripletsnew2012.png"}</script> </body> </html>